情态动词+虚拟语气
情态动词
一．情态动词的语法特征
1）情态动词除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。
2）情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。
二．情态动词的用法（Can/could、May/ might、Must、Shall/should、will/would、Dare、Need、ought to）
（一）. Can
1.基本用法
1）表示能力The parrot can speak three languages.
2）表示请求/允许Can/Could I borrow the book from the library. Yes. I can/No. I can’t。
(Could 不表过去式；只表语气更委婉，表请求只用于疑问句)
3）表示可能性Shanghai can be very cold in March.
2. Can 与be able to
1）can could 表示能力；可能(过去时用could)
2）表示过去成功地做了某事时，只能用was/were able to，不能用could。
He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.
3）在否定结构中，二者可以互换。
3.习语：cannot / can’t（never/hardly）do…too …“越……越好，怎么也不过分”。
You cannot be too careful when you drive a car.驾车时候，越小心越好。
（二）. May
1.基本用法
1）表示可能性She may be still waiting for us.
2）表示允许May I come in? Yes, you may./No, you mustn’t.
3）表示祝愿May you have a happy holiday
Might 过去式；语气更委婉
2.习语：may/might as well do sth，意为"不妨"。If that is the case, we may as well try.
（三）. Must
1.基本用法
1）表示肯定的猜测,但只用于肯定句，
You have worked hard all day.You must be tired.你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。
He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。
2）而mustn’t 表示“禁止、不准”
John, you mustn’t play with the knife, you may hurt yourself．
3）must用于疑问句，表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为“偏偏，偏要”
John, look at the time. Must you play the piano at such a late hour?
2. Must 、have to
1）Must表示主观He said that they must work hard.
2）Have to表示客观需求
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. （四）Shall /should
1.基本用法
1）第一、三人称疑问句中表示“请求或征求对方意见。
Shall I get you a cup of coffee?
2）第二、三人称陈述句中表示许诺、决心、命令或警告。
You shall lose your job if you don’t do as I tell you．如果你不按我说的做，你将失去工作
You shan't have my computer if you don't take care of it.
（五）Will/ would
1.基本用法
1）表示意愿I’ll try my best to overcome t he difficulty.
2）表示意图What will you do?
3）表示请示Will you halp me to put these books in order?
4）表示习惯动作She will sit for hours without saying a word.
2.Would 与used to
1）Would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向,后只能接表示动作的动词。
He would go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.
2）Used to表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作或状态现在已经结束。
He used to be a worker.
（六）Dare / dared (“敢，敢于) Need /needed
1.基本用法
1）作为情态动词用于否定、疑问句；
1. Dare you go here alone?
2. How dare you do such foolish things?
3. You needn’t do the work now.
2）做实意动词后加不定式。构成dare to do sth 敢于做某事need to do sth 需要做某事
I have never dared to tell him about it.
We need to tell him the truth.
三．情态动词表推测的用法
1. 情态动词＋动词原形，表示对现在或将来情况的推测
1）.肯定的推测一般用must, ,may(might)或could(不用can)，语气由强到弱依次是，must>could>may(might)
I don't know where she is ;she may be in Wuhan.我不知道她在哪儿，可能在武汉。
2）用于否定的推测can’t >couldn’t > may not > might not
He can’t her here because she is in hospital.
It’s still early. He may/might not come back
2. 情态动词＋动词现在进行时，表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。
He may be doing homework. 他也许在做作业。
He must be doing his exercises in the classroom.（正在进行）他一定在教室里做练习。
3. 情态动词＋动词完成时，表示对过去情况的推测。它又分以下几种：
1)may(might) ＋have done sth, can(could) ＋have done sth.表示对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，表示可能性程度由大到小依次为can,could,may,might。
否定句may(might)not have＋done sth., can(could)not have＋done sth.表示推测过去时间里不可能发生的事情。例如：
Philip may(might)/can(could)have been hurt seriously in the car accident.菲利普可能在车祸中受了重伤。
Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.迈克不可能找到他的车，因为他今天早上是乘公共汽车来上班的。
2) must+ have done sth.,对过去时间里可能发生的事情的肯定推测，语气较强，具有"肯定"，"想必"的意思。例如：
The road is wet.It must have rained last night.路是湿的，昨晚一定下过雨。四．情态动词表虚拟的用法
1. should have done过去本应该做而实际上并没有做
should not have done 过去本不应该做…而实际上却已经…”如：
We should have studied last night, but we went to the concert instead . 我们昨晚本应学习的，但我们却去看音乐会了。（实际上没有学习）
2 .could have done它表示“过去本来能够做实际上没能做
could not have done它表示“过去本来不能够做实际上却做成了。如
I could have run 100 meters in 12 seconds. 我本来能用12秒钟完100米的.（实际上没能）
If you had finished the task in time，you could have been promoted. 如果你当时能如期完成那任务的话，你可能已提升了（实际上没有被提升）
3. would have done 用在虚拟语气中,表示与过去事实相反之假设的结果，常与if 引导的条件句连用。
（1）I would have helped you if I had known of your difficulties . 要是我当时知道你们的窘境，我就会帮助你了（而实际上没有帮助你）
(2) If it hadn't rained yesterday, we would have gone out for a walk .假如昨天没下雨，我们就去散步了。（实际上没有去）
4.might have done过去本来可以（而实际上并没有…) might not have done 过去本不可以做…而实际上却已经…”I might have passed the exam, but I failed.
5. needn't have＋done sth.表示本没有必要做某事，但却做了。例如：
I dressed very warmly for the trip,but I needn't have done so.The weather was hot.这次旅行，我穿得衣服较多，其实没有必要。那时天很热。
II、实战演练
填入情态动词的恰当形式或根据括号所提供的词填入情态动词恰当的结构。
Even experienced teachers can make mistakes.
1 He promised he would never smoke again.
Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the bus station?
2 The sign there reads, “No person shall smoke here.”
）It can’t/couldn’t be the headmaster. He has gone to America.
这不可能是校长，他去美国了。
The light is on. He must be working.
At this moment,our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.这时，想必我们老师正在批改试卷。
I could have done it well，but I wasn’t so careful then .
It’s too late. You could have told him earlier.你本来能早点告诉他的。
She should / ought to have attended your birthday party, but she had to look after her mother in hospital. （虚拟）
If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived early
I would have helped you, but I was too busy.
1.Mr White ____（arrive）at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t turn up.
You needn't have told John about it. I've told him already.
He must have completed his work; otherwise, he wo uldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside.
虚拟语气
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑、愿望、要求、命令、建议等。
一、在条件从句中(叫虚拟条件句)，表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况(以do 为例)：
要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。(与过去事实相反)
2. If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you.
明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。(与将来事实可能相反)
3. If I were you, I would go at once.
假如我是你的话，我会马上走。(与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你)
注：if 的条件句的省略
当从句中有were, had 或should 时，可省略if ，而把它们放在句首。
If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it.-----
Were I to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it.
If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again.-----
Should he fail in the experiment this time, he would try again.
二、在宾语从句中
1、下列动词后面接的宾语从句：表示建议(suggest, advise, propose, recommend)，要
求(demand, request, require, insist), 命令(order, command)等动词用should + do 构成,should 可省略。
He ordered that the students (should) wash the clothes every week by themselves.
他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。
注1：insist / suggest 各有两种意思，要用不同的语气
I 表“坚决要求”用虚拟形式，即should + do;
Insist
表示“坚持认为”，用陈述语气，表示事实。
表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式，即should + do;
Suggest
表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。
He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means.
他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。
He insisted that he was right.
His pale face suggested that he was ill and the teacher suggested that he (should) see the doctor.
注2：这些词的名词形式后的从句也要用用should + do 的虚拟,should 可省略。
Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time.
The suggestion that students (should) learn something practical is worth
considering.
Do you know the order that you (should) keep watch.
2、wish接宾语从句有三种情况：
1) 现在：用过去式
2) 过去：用过去完成式(had done)
3) 将来：用情态动词(would / could/might) + do
I wish she would be on my side. 我希望她能站在我一边。
I wish I were 30 years younger. 我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。
I wish (that) you would get a good job. 我希望你能找到一个好职业。
He wished he hadn't done it. 他想要是他没这样做该多好。
3、在would (had) rather(宁愿) 引导的宾语从句中
表现在或将来时: 谓语动词要用一般过去时
表示过去时间时: 谓语动词要用过去完成时
I would rather he came tomorrow than today.
I’d rather they hadn’t gone to school yesterday.
三、在主语从句中
1.句型：It is insisted/ ordered/ commanded/ suggested/proposed/advised/desired/
demanded/required/requested,etc+Subject –clause (should)do
It is suggested that middle school students (should) preview their lessons before classes . 建议中学生课前应预习课文。
2.在句型“It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... ”中，that后面的从
句中的谓语动词用：should + 动词原形
It’s necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。
It’s natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。
It’s important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。
3. 用于“It is a pity, it is a shame等+ that” 等结构后的主语从句中，从句中的谓语动
词用：should + 动词原形It is a pity that he should be so careless. 四、在表语从句中
主句的主语常是表示说话人愿望(wish / desire)、建议(suggestion / advice) 要求(requirement / demand)、命令(order, command)等的名词，表语从句的谓语动词用(should) + do.
Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time.
五、在同位语从句中
同位语从句的先行词常是表示说话人愿望、建议、要求、命令等的名词。
The suggestion that students (should) learn something practical is worth considering.
Do you know the order that you (should) keep watch.
六、在as if/as though 从句中
在as if 从句中，常用虚拟形式，谓语动词同wish.
(一)、as if 连接表语从句
she looked as if she were made of ice. 她看起来似乎是冰做的
he looked as if he hadn’t slept for two days.
(二)、as if 连接方式状语从句
She looked after the boy as if he were her own son.她照顾这男孩就像自己的儿子一样。
He speaks to us as if he had been there. 他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。
注：在look, seem等动词后的“as if / as though”从句中,当表真实情况时,用陈述语气; 否则用虚拟语气.
It seems as if they know each other. (真实情况) It seems as though it were already spring. (虚拟语气)
七、虚拟语气中的几个特例
1. if only 意为：若是...那该多好啊; 真希望...; 只要, 只要...就好
表示现在的情况,应用过去式; 如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态
If only I had arrived in time! If only she didn’t drive so fast.
2. It’s (high/right) time that…
that 从句要用虚拟语气：谓语用过去时或should + do (should 不可省)
It’s time that you left/ should leave here.
3.Would you mind if I did ? / Do you mind if I do ?
我打开窗户你介意吗？
Would you mind if I opened the window? Do you mind if I open the window?
Do /Would you mind my opening the window?
May you have a long and happy life! Wish you a happy birthday!
（二）、错综时间的条件句
即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时，需要按时间来确定虚拟形式。如：
If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.
如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。
If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this.
如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。
If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (从句指现在, 主句指过去) （三）、含蓄条件句
有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来,而是暗含在上下文中.
But for your advice, I could not have done it so successfully.
The change could not have taken place without the open-door policy.
I was so busy then, Otherwise, I would have told him the answer.
II、实战演练
用所给动词的适当形式填空
1.---If he ________________ (warn), he ________________ (not take) that food.
---Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
2.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _________________ (break).
3.I would rather they _________________ (not hear) of the news.
4.I wish I _______________ (have) a room of my own when I was a child.
5.To the surprise of the public, the identification of the cause of such a simple event __________________ (take) more than a year.
6.Without air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night _______________ (be) freezing cold, too cold for us to stay.
7.If I had worked harder at school, I _____________________(sit) in a comfortable office now.
8.Her pale face suggested that she _____________ (be) ill, and her colleagues suggested that she _____________ (have) a medical examination.
9.I insisted he ____________ (go) to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing __________ (be) wrong with him.
10.He asks that he _______________ (give) an opportunity to explain why he’s refused to go there.
11.It is high time we _____________ (get) down to discussing this plan.
12.If it were not for the fact that you ___________ (be) too busy, I would ask you to help me do this right now.
13.Who do you suggest __________________ (send) to work there?
14.I would have come earlier, but I ________________ (not know) that you were waiting for me.
15.If it _______________ (rain) tomorrow, the outing would be cancelled.
情态动词与虚拟语气
情态动词与虚拟语气 【语法要点】 情态动词 所谓情态动词是指它含有一定的含义，可以表达某种感情和说话的语气，但是它不可以单独使用 作谓语动词。学习情态动词主要学习英语国家的语言习惯和表达法，特别是在口语中不要过分追求原理，更不要不根据说话场合而进行推理，编造出一些语法结构正确的中文式英语。 一、情态动词的类型 1.只作情态动词的有：must、can、could、may、might、ought to 2.既可作情态动词又可作实义动词的有：need、dare 3.既可作情态动词又可作助动词的有：shall、should、will、would 二、情态动词的特征 1.表示说话人的情感态度，不能单独作谓语，与行为动词或连系动词一起作谓语。 2.情态动词没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。 3.具有助动词的特征：可用来构成否定句、疑问句或简短答语。 三、情态动词的用法 1.表示能力 （1）表示现在的能力，用can 或be able to。表示一般的能力时多用can，表示“经过努力成功 的做成某事”用be able to。 （2）表示过去的能力，用could或was/were be able to。区别同上。 （3）表示将来的能力，用will be able to。 2.表示推测、可能性 （1）can 用在肯定句中表示客观的可能性，而不表示具体事情实际发生的可能性。 例如：Accidents can happy on such rainy days. （2）表示具体事情实际发生的可能性的情态动词，其表示可能性的层次如下表： 情态动词肯定式否定式疑问式 must 必定、必然、一定 will 很可能、大概不会、不该会,,吗？ would 可能性较will 小不会、不该（较won’t 弱）会,,吗？（较will 弱） should 应该会、理应（表示合乎理想的情况或结果） ought to 与should 同义 can 一定不会、不可能（否定推测）有可能吗？ could 可疑的可能不可能（与can’t 同义）有可能吗？（较can 弱）may 或许、可能、说不定可能不 might 或许、可能（较may 弱）可能不（较may not 弱） 注意→（1）may，must 常用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句和疑问句。 （2）can 常用于否定句，疑问句和感叹句中，表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思。could 既可用于肯定句，又可用于否定句、疑问句中。
情态动词虚拟语气练习及答案
@ 情态动词和虚拟语气 1. Jack descried his father, who ________a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-wiled man A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been ） 2. —Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. —Ah, good morning. You _______ be Mrs. Peters. A. might B. must C. would D. can recommend parents _______ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. ~ A. not allow B. do not allow C. mustn’t allow D. couldn’t allow 4. You_______ buy a gift, but you can if you want to. A. must B. mustn't C. have to D. don't have to 5. —I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month. —Don’t worry. You________ have it by Friday. A. could B. shall C. must D. may w_w w. k#s 6. I have told you the truth I keep repeating it A. Must B. Can C. May D. Will ~ 7. Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _______ be regular exercise. A. can B. will C. must D. may 8. Just be patient. You ________ expect the world to change so soon. A. can’t B. needn’t C. may not D. will not 9. I’m afraid Mr. Harding ________ see you now. He’s busy. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t 10. I _______ have watched that movie—it’ll give me horrible dreams. A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t < 11. –May I take this book out of the reading room –No, you . You read it in here. A. mightn’t B. won’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t 12. —Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday. — Oh, you _________ have done it as yesterday was the deadline. A. must B. mustn't C. should D. shouldn't 13. — _______ I take the book out —I'm afraid not. *
2018年高考英语真题分类汇编 专题06 情态动词和虚拟语气 含答案
专题六情态动词和虚拟语气 1.【2015·北京】29．—Can’t you stay a little longer? —It’s getting late. I really _____go now, My daughter is home alone. A .may B .can C . must D .dare 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：——你不能再多待会儿吗?——很晚了，我必须得走了.我女儿一个人在家.A. may可能，可以，也许；B. can能，会；C. must必须，必然要，必定会；D. dare敢，胆敢.结合句意，故选C. 【考点定位】考查情态动词辨析 【名师点睛】本题是考查情态动词，这里考查的是语气的强度，在这里结合语境是“一定”的意思，所以要做好此类辨析题需掌握情态动词选项的语气并结合语境. 2.【2015·北京】34. If I _____it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’t have believed it. A . didn’t see B. weren’t seeing C. wouldn’t see D. hadn’t seen 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：句意：如果不是我亲眼看到，我不会相信.根据后半句wouldn’t have believed 可以判断是对过去的虚拟.所以从句是if+主语+ had+done的形式.故选D. 【考点定位】虚拟语气 【名师点睛】条件句中有if引导时,首先要根据句意和句子结构判断是真实条件句还是虚拟条件句,如果符合虚拟的结构,就可以根据句子中的时间和语意判断应该用哪种虚拟语气. 3.【2015·重庆】7. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms. A.d idn’t write B. hadn’t written C. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：句意：没有他战时的经验，海明威就不可能写出著名的小说永别了武器.根据without his wartime experience没有战时的经历，可知表示对于过去的否定猜测，故主句
情态动词与虚拟语气
一．情态动词 1.---Could I borrow your dictionary? ----Yes,of course you_____. A.might B. will C. can D. should 2.---Shall we go skating or stay at home? ----Which _____do yourself? A.do you rather B.would you rather C.will you rather D.should you rather 3.It’s nearly seven o’clock.Jack ___be here at any moment. A. must B need C should D can 4.A computer __think for itself ,it must be told what to do. A. can’t B couldn’t C may not D might 5. Johnny,you ___play with the knife.You ___hurt yourself. A.won’t ;can’t B. mustn’t; may C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t 6.—Shall I tell John about it? -----No,you _____.I’ve told him already. A. needn’t B.wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t 7.---Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. ----______. A.I don’t B.I won’t C.I can’t D.I haven’t 8.He ____you more help,even though he was busy. A.might have given B.might give C.may have given D.may give 9.----There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. ---It ___a comfortbable journey. A.can’t be B.shouldn’t be C.mustn’t have been D.couldn’t have been 10.I told Sally how to get there ,but perhaps I ___for her. A.had to write it out B.must to have written it out C.should have written it out D.ought to write it out 11.---When can I come for photos?I need them tomorrow afternoon. ---They ___be ready by 12:00. A.can B. should C might D need 12.---I stayed at a hotel while in New York. ----Oh,did you?You ____with Barbara. A.could have stayed B.could stay C.would stay D.must have stayed 13.-----Alice, you feed the bird today.____? -----But I fed it yesterday. A.do you B.will you C.didn’t you D.don’t you 14.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____get out. A.had to B.would C.was able to D.could
情态动词和虚拟语气
情态动词和虚拟语气 情态动词的用法要点 一、表能力 Can Am/is/are able to 表现在的能力 Will be able to 表将来的能力 could Was/were able to 表过去得能力 Could have+过去分词：表示过去有能力做但未做 二、表推测（可能性） 1.可能性可分为客观的可能性和具体事情实际发生的可能性两种。所谓客观的（理论的）可能性即并不涉及 具体某事是否会发生，此种用法常常可以说明人或事物的特征。情态动词can可用于肯定句中表示客观的（理论的）可能性，而表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时，can一般不用于肯定句。 Accidents can happen on such rainy days. We may go to the cinema tonight, but we are not sure yet. 2.表示具体事情实际发生的可能性： （2）表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时，may, must 常用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句和疑问句（may not 表示“可能不”）；can常用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中，表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思；could既可用于肯定句又可用于否定句、疑问句中。 This can’t/ couldn’t be done by him. This may not be done by him. He could be on his way home now. Can this be done by him? Mr Mush is on time for everything. How can it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? I didn’t hear the phone. I must have been asleep. ---Are you coming to Jeff’party? ---I’m not sure. I might go to the concert instead. (3) would, could, should, might 并不一定与过去时间有关，而表示可能性弱于它们相应的现在时形式。 This may/ might be done by him. (4)should 表推测时，表示确定或可能有的未来或期望，即合乎理想的情况或结果 He ought to/ should be here on time---he started early enough. We should arrive before dark. The roads should be less crowded today. 三、表示请求、允许、允诺 1.当对方是决策者时，你代表你（们）自己（I, we），或代表第三者（he she they）向对方（you）请示或提 出建议时用：
2018年专四真题虚拟语气和情态动词 章振邦语法书页数标注
Subjunctive mood (P122, p. 129. P 143 动词过去完成体P181-190, 395)条件句 14. “I wondered if I could have a word with you.” The past tense in the sentence refers to a __B___. (p128) 2017 A. past event for exact time reference B. present event for tentativeness C. present event for uncertainty D. past event for politeness V. in specific contexts, the simple past can also denote the present or the future time. There are two uses. One is known as the attitudinal past (属于“表态性过去时” (attitudinal past), 即表示说话人当前的试探性态度, 而非过去时间, 多用于表示意愿或心理状态的动词) , that is , the past tense is associated with the present time in independent clauses expressing a question, request or suggestion. Its effect is to make the question/request/suggestion less direct, implying a polite, somewhat tentative attitude试探性态度，婉转语气on the part of the speaker. A: Did you want me? B.Yes, I wondered if you could give me some help . Want, wonder, think, hope
情态动词和虚拟语气
要点一情态动词的基本用法 ,could 【温馨提示】 can有时也用于肯定句,表示理论上的可能性或一时的情况。常译为“有时会”。 ,might 【温馨提示】 may表示请求许可时,其否定回答一般用mustn’t。may not意为“可能不”,而can’t意为“不可能”。 ,would 【温馨提示】 would表示过去的习惯时仅指动作,而且不与现在作对比;used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态,而且与现在作对比,说明现在这种动作或状态已经不存在。
,should,ought to ,have to 【温馨提示】 (1)在回答must的问句时,否定回答通常用needn’t或don’t have to。(2) mustn’t表示“禁止;不许”;而don’t have to表示“不必”。(3) must只有一种形式,而have to有人称、时态的变化。 的用法 的用法
【温馨提示】 (1)dare用作情态动词有dare,dared两种形式。 (2)dare用作实义动词,后接不定式,不定式符号to可省去,但dare以动词-ing形式出现时,不定式符号to不能省略。 要点二“情态动词+have done ”的用法 have done表示对过去已发生的事情进行肯定的推断,只用于肯定句中,意为“一定,必定”,其否定形式为:can’t/cannot have done。 It must have rained last night,for the road was quite wet. 昨晚肯定下雨了,因为路面十分潮湿。 I saw Mr Wang just can’t have gone abroad. 刚刚我还看见王先生了,他不可能已经出国了。 have done意为“本来可以……,本来能够……”,表示虚拟语气。 You could have made greater progress,but you didn’t try your best. 你本来可以取得更大的进步,但是你没有努力。 might have done表示对过去已发生的事情进行推断,意为“可能/或许已经……”。其否定形式为: may/might not have done意为“可能没有做……”。 It’s no use going to his may not have gone may have gone somewhere else. 去他家没用。他可能没有回家,可能已经去了别的地方。 ought to have done表示本应该做某事,却没有做,含有责备或后悔之意。其否定形式为should not/ought not to
情态动词和虚拟语气
谓语动词(情态动词、虚拟语气) 要点一情态动词的基本用法 【温馨提示】can有时也用于肯定句,表示理论上的可能性或一时的情况。常译为“有时会”。 2.may,might 【温馨提示】may表示请求许可时,其否定回答一般用mustn’t。may not意为“可能不”,而can’t意为“不可能”。 【温馨提示】would表示过去的习惯时仅指动作,而且不与现在作对比;used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态,而且与现在作对比,说明现在这种动作或状态已经不存在。 4.shall,should,ought to
5.must,have to 【温馨提示】 (1)在回答must 的问句时,否定回答通常用 needn ’t 或don ’t have to 。(2) mustn ’t 表示“禁止;不许”;而don ’t have to 表示“不必”。(3) must 只有一种形式,而have to 有人称、时态的变化。 7.dare 的用法 【温馨提示】 (1)dare 用作情态动词有dare,dared 两种形式。 (2)dare 用作实义动词,后接不定式,不定式符号to 可省去,但dare 以动词-ing 形式出现时,不定式符号to 不能省略。 要点二 “情态动词+have done ”的用法 1.must have done 表示对过去已发生的事情进行肯定的推断,只用于肯定句中,意为“一定,必定”,其否定形式为:can ’t/cannot have done 。 It must have rained last night,for the road was quite wet. 昨晚肯定下雨了,因为路面十分潮湿。 I saw Mr Wang just now.He can ’t have gone abroad. 刚刚我还看见王先生了,他不可能已经出国了。 2.could have done 意为“本来可以……,本来能够……”,表示虚拟语气。 You could have made greater progress,but you didn ’t try your best. 你本来可以取得更大的进步,但是你没有努力。 3.may/might have done 表示对过去已发生的事情进行推断,意为“可能/或许已经……”。其否定形式为: may/might not have done 意为“可能没有做……”。 It ’s no use going to his house.He may not have gone home.He may have gone somewhere else. 去他家没用。 他可能没有回家,可能已经去了别的地方。 4.should/ought to have done 表示本应该做某事,却没有做,含有责备或后悔之意。其否定形式为should not/ought not to have done 表示“本不该做某事却做了”。
(完整版)含有情态动词的虚拟语气
“would+have+done”虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做” 1. I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me. 我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。 2. Without your help, I wouldn't have achieved so much. 没有你的帮助，我是不会取得如此大的成绩。“could+have+done”是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。 He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。 请看相关知识点： 一、“must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。 1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。 2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你和仆人说话，一定是发疯了。 二、“can't+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过某事”。 1. Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。 2. Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home. 玛丽不可能偷你的钱，她回家去了。 三、“can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过……吗？”。 1. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? 屋里没有灯，他们可能出去了吗？ 2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? 到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？ 四、“could+have+done”是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。 He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。 五、“may+have+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句中。 —What has happened to George? —I don't know. He may have got lost. —乔治发生了什么事？
情态动词和虚拟语气
高效演练·跟踪检测区 语法填空 阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 1 Long ago, there was a mother and a son living in a house. She worked hard every day, but they were always poor. One day, her son stol e his friend’s bag. “Mom, 1. do you think of this bag? ”His mother 2. (scold)him, but she didn’t. “It looks great! ” The next time, he stole an overcoat. She praised him again after he stole it. A few years later, he grew up to be 3. young man. He stole jewelry and brought them to his mother. “How beautiful! ”This time, she did not scold her son again. Then, 4. he was pleased by his mother, he started to steal 5. (expensive)things. One day, the police caught him. Before putting him in jail, he begged the police to meet his mother. They took 6. to his mother. As soon as he saw his mother, he hit her ear lobe. “Ouch! What’s the matter with you? ”She finally scolded him. Her son answered, “If you 7. (give)me a scolding like that when I stole the first bag, I could not have become a thief. ” She collapsed as she looked at her son 8. (head)for the prison. “If only I 9. turn back time, I would scold him 10. (severe). ”Sh e regretted that she had always praised him, whatever he did.
2019年高考英语真题专题06 情态动词和虚拟语气
三年（2017-2019）年高考真题分项汇编 专题06 情态动词和虚拟语气 一、2019年高考真题 1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】31.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together. A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had 【答案】C 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选C。 2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】14.The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the time. A. accomplished B. had accomplished C. would accomplish D. would have accomplished 【答案】D 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选D。 二、2018年高考真题 1.【2018·江苏】24. It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission. A. would B. should C. could D. might 【答案】B 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that...”中，其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should可以省略。故选B。 点睛：本题考查虚拟语气。It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that... 主语从句多数情况下用虚拟语气，表达一种要求、命令或者责备、建议或主观看法。但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情，完全可以用一般的陈述语气。试比较：It is strange that he had made a mistake.（陈述一个事实：他犯
情态动词和虚拟语气
情态动词和虚拟语气 1. --- I haven't got the reference book yet, but I'll have a test on the subject next month. --- Don't worry. You_______ have it by Friday. A. could B. shall C. must D. may 2. --- I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official. --- How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone_______ it. A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen 3. --- She looks very happy. She_______ have passed the exam. --- I guess so. It’s not difficult after all. A. should B. could C. must D. might 4. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he_______ more on its culture. A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused 5. --- I’m sorry. I _______ at you the other day. --- Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. A. shouldn’t shout B. shouldn’t have shouted C. mustn’t shout D. mustn’t have shouted 6. --- ________the plane have taken off on time? --- I'm afraid not. So many flights were delayed due to the bitterly cold weather. A. Need B. Should C. Can D. Must 7. --- I didn't attend Tom's wedding yesterday. --- I _________, either, if my friend hadn't reminded me. A. wouldn't B. wouldn't have C. didn't D. hadn't 8. We’re still at the airport. If it weren’t for the delayed flight, we ___________ the concert right now. A. can be enjoying B. must have enjoyed C. would be enjoying D. should have enjoyed 9. For environmental reasons, we _____________ as well take these waste products and have them recycled.
2017-2019高考英语真题分类解析---情态动词和虚拟语气
2017-2019高考英语真题分类解析-----情态动词和虚拟语气 一、2019年高考真题 1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】31.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together. A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had 【答案】C 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选C。 2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】14.The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the time. A. accomplished B. had accomplished C. would accomplish D. would have accomplished 【答案】D 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选D。 二、2018年高考真题 1.【2018·江苏】24. It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission. A. would B. should C. could D. might 【答案】B 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that...”中，其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should可以省略。故选B。 点睛：本题考查虚拟语气。It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that... 主语从句多数情况下用虚拟语气，表达一种要求、命令或者责备、建议或主观看法。但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情，完全可以用一般的陈述语气。试比较：It is strange that he had made a mistake.（陈述一个事实：他犯了错误让人有点奇怪。）It is strange that he (should) have made a mistake. （虚拟语气，说话者是在责备他本
情态动词和虚拟语气
第一课 1、I often see lights in that empty house.Do you think I report it to the police? A、should B、may C、will D、can 2、----The room is so dirty. we clean it? ----Of course. A、Will B、Shall C、Would D、Do 3、My English—Chinese dictionary has disappeared.Who have taken it? A、should B、must C、could D、would 4、It is suggested that a doctor immediately. A、be sent for B、send for C、is send for D、should send for 5、When he was there,he go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. A、would B、should C、had better D、might 6、Mary never does any reading in the evening, . A、so does John B、John does too C、John doesn’t too D、nor does John 7、----The computer is still on,could you have forgotten to turn it off? ----Yes,I . A、could have B、could C、must D、might have 8、Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night,no matter what we during the day. A、may have done B、would have done C、must have done D、should have done 9、It’s 4 p.m.now and we’ve covered most of the distance.We arrive before dark. A、would B、should C、would rather D、have to 10、When the police took the suspect to the police station,he insisted that he the lady’s purse and that he free. A、not steal;be set B、didn’t steal;was set C、not steal;should be D、didn’t steal;be set 11、Jenny have kept her word.I wonder why she changed her mind. A、must B、should C、need D、would 12、he knew nothing about her. A、He appears as if B、It seems that C、It appears as if D、It seems as if 13、Peter come with us tonight,but he isn’t sure. A、must B、may C、can D、will 14、Helen go on the trip with us,but she isn’t quite sure yet. A、shall B、must C、may D、can 15、----There were already five people in the car,but they managed to take me as well.