南京育英二外外国语学校八年级上册上学期试卷及答案-百度文库
南京育英二外外国语学校初中物理八年级下册第九章《压强》检测(含答案解析)
一、选择题1．如图所示，设水对容器底部的压强为p压力F，瓶子对桌面的压强为p′。
将瓶子从正放（如图甲）变为倒放（如图乙），则p和F及p′的变化情况（）A．p变小，p′变小F不变B．p变小，p′ 变大F不变C．p变大，p′变大F变大D．p变大，p′变大F变小2．以下是中学生小明对自己的一些估测数据，其中最合理的是（）A．密度约为1.0×103g/cm3B．体重约为50NC．双脚站立时对地面的压强约为2×105Pa D．体积约为50dm33．下列实例中属于增大压强的是（）A．书包用宽的背带B．菜刀磨得锋利C．推土机用宽大履带D．铁轨下铺放枕木4．如图，某工厂用水平向右匀速运动的传送带传送工件，在将工件（其重心为O）由图位置从静止放到传送带的过程中，传送带受到的压力F、压强p随时间变化的图象正确的是（）A．B．C．D．5．如图，晨曦同学在“探究液体内部压强的特点”实验时，先后将压强计探头伸入甲、乙两种液体中不同深度处，并经反复调整，使两次实验中U型管内液柱高度差Δh相等.若甲、乙液体在探头处产生的压强分别为p甲、p乙，甲乙两种液体的密度分别为ρ甲、ρ乙，则下列关系正确的是（）A．p甲＜p乙，ρ甲＝ρ乙B．p甲＞p乙，ρ甲＞ρ乙C．p甲＜p乙，ρ甲＜ρ乙D．p甲＝p乙，ρ甲＞ρ乙6．一场大雪过后，在公路雪地上行驶的小汽车，车后部常常会有雪附着在上面，对于这种现象，下列分析正确的是（）A．汽车与空气摩擦而吸住雪．B．车上原来有雪．C．司机为了保持车体干净而故意做的．D．汽车行驶时，车体两边的空气流速较大，是气压差的作用把雪掀起附着在上面的．7．生活中许多现象都与我们学过的物理知识有关，下列说法中正确的是（）A．高压锅容易将食物煮熟利用了沸点随气压的增大而减小B．飞机机翼设计成“上凸下平”的形状利用了流速越大压强越大的原理C．汽车在水平地面上静止不动，地面对汽车的支持力与汽车对地面的压力是一对平衡力D．苹果在空中下落得越来越快，是因为力是改变物体运动状态的原因8．如果我们在有大风的天气中迎风骑车，一阵大风刮过时，会感到无法用嘴或鼻子吸气，但可以向外吐气，当大风过去，又恢复了正常的呼吸。
2024-2025学年江苏省南京市初二上学期英语试题及解答参考
2024-2025学年江苏省南京市英语初二上学期复习试题及解答参考一、听力部分（本大题有20小题，每小题1分，共20分）1、Listen to the dialogue and answer the question.A. What is the weather like today?B. Where is Tom going for the weekend?C. What does Tom plan to do this afternoon?Answer: BExplanation: The dialogue begins with one person asking Tom about his weekend plans, indicating that the topic of discussion is about where Tom is going for the weekend.2、Listen to the short passage and choose the best answer to the question. What is the main reason for the woman’s visit to the bookstore?A. She wants to buy a book for her friend.B. She needs to find information for a school project.C. She is looking for a job in the bookstore.Answer: BExplanation: The woman mentions that she needs to find some books for a school project, which is the main reason for her visit to the bookstore. Theother options are not supported by the information given in the passage.3、What time does the next train to Beijing leave?A. 2:00 p.m.B. 2:15 p.m.C. 2:50 p.m.Answer: B. 2:15 p.m.Explanation: The woman clearly states that the next train to Beijing departs at 2:15 p.m. The man is told he needs to hurry because it is currently 2:00 p.m.4、Where does the conversation most likely take place?A. In a bus stationB. In an airportC. At a train stationAnswer: C. At a train stationExplanation: The conversation revolves around catching a train, which implies that the speakers are at a train station. The mention of a “ticket counter” also supports this, as such cou nters are typically found at train stations for purchasing tickets.This is how the listening section would look on a test paper. In a real test setting, these scripts would be recorded and played for the students, who would then choose the correct answers based on what they hear.5、Listen to the following dialogue and answer the question.W: Hi, John. How was your science experiment last week?M: It was great! We managed to complete it successfully. How about you, Lisa?Q: What did John do last week?A: He completed a science experiment.B: He watched a science documentary.C: He helped Lisa with her science project.D: He taught a science class.Answer: AExplanation: The question asks about what John did last week. In the dialogue, John says, “It was great! We managed to complete it successfully,” which implies that he completed a science experiment.6、Listen to the following conversation and choose the best answer to the question.M: Hi, Sarah. Have you heard about the new café in town?W: Yeah, I have. They say it serves the best coffee in the area.Q: What does the woman think about the new café?A: She thinks it’s the worst coffee place in town.B: She doesn’t think it serves the best coffee.C: She thinks it’s a great place for coffee lovers.D: S he has never heard about the café.Answer: CExplanation: The question asks what the woman thinks about the new café. The woman responds by saying, “They say it serves the best coffee in the area,”indicating that she believes it is a great place for coffee lovers.7、Listen to the following conversation and answer the question.W: Hi, John. How was your trip to the mountains last weekend?M: It was amazing! We saw lots of wildlife and the scenery was breathtaking.Question: What did John do last weekend?A) He went to the beach.B) He went to the mountains.C) He went to the city.D) He stayed at home.Answer: B) He went to the mountains.Explanation: The key information is in the second sentence where John mentions, “We saw lots of wildlife and the scenery was breathtaking,” which indicates that he went to the mountains.8、Listen to the following dialogue and answer the question.M: Hi, Sarah. I heard you’re taking guitar lessons. How are they going?W: They’re great! I really enjoy it. The teacher is very patient and I’m learning a lot.Question: What instrument is Sarah learning to play?A) PianoB) ViolinC) GuitarD) DrumsAnswer: C) GuitarExplanation: The answer is directly stated in the second sentence where Sarah says, “I’m taking guitar lessons.” Thi s indicates that she is learning to play the guitar.9.Listen to the dialogue and answer the question.W: Hi, John. How was your science project? I heard you got an A+.M: Yeah, it turned out great. We focused on renewable energy sources, and our presentation was really well-received.Question: What subject was John’s project about?A. HistoryB. ScienceC. MathD. ArtAnswer: B. ScienceExplanation: The conversation indicates that John’s project was about science, as mentioned by the woman who says, “How was your science project?”10.Listen to the conversation and choose the correct option.M: I can’t believe it’s already November. Time f lies!W: Yes, it does. I’m thinking of going on a trip for the Thanksgiving break. Any suggestions?M: How about a road trip to the mountains? We can enjoy the fall foliage and maybe even go hiking.Question: What is the woman planning to do for Thanksgiving break?A. StudyB. Have a partyC. Go on a road tripD. Stay at homeAnswer: C. Go on a road tripExplanation: The woman expresses her intention to go on a trip for the Thanksgiving break, which is supported by the man’s suggestion of a road trip to the mountains.11.W: Excuse me, could you tell me where the nearest post office is? M: Sure, it’s on the corner of Main Street and 5th Avenue. You can’t miss it.Question: Where is the nearest post office?A. On the corner of Main Street and 5th AvenueB. On the corner of 4th Avenue and 6th StreetC. On the corner of 3rd Avenue and 7th StreetD. On the corner of 5th Avenue and 4th StreetAnswer: AExplanation: The man tells the woman that the nearest post office is on the corner of Main Street and 5th Avenue, so the correct answer is A.12.M: Hey, I heard you’re planning to go on a trip to the beach this summer. W: Yeah, I am! I’ve been saving up money for months now, and I finally have enough to go.Question: What are they talking about?A. Going on a trip to the beachB. Planning a vacationC. Saving money for a beach tripD. Going to the beach next weekAnswer: BExplanation: The conversation starts with the man mentioning that he heard the woman is planning a trip to the beach, and the woman confirms that she is, but she’s been saving money for months. This indicates that they are discussinga vacation plan, so the correct answer is B.13.Listen to the conversation and choose the best answer to the question you hear.Question: What is the man’s main reason fo r not going to the concert?A. He doesn’t like the band.B. He doesn’t have enough money.C. He is feeling sick.D. He has to study for an exam.Answer: DExplanation: The man mentions that he has a big exam coming up, which is why he can’t go to the concert. This indicates that his main reason is his study obligations.14.Listen to the dialogue and fill in the blanks with the correct words orphrases you hear.Question: W: Hi, John. How was your day at work?M: It was quite busy. I had to finish a project and then attend a meeting. Oh, and did I tell you about the surprise party my boss organized for me?W: No, you didn’t. What was it for?M: It was for my fifth anniversary with the company. My colleagues planned the party, and we had cake and presents.Answer: fifth anniversaryExplanation: The man mentions that the surprise party was for his fifth anniversary with the company, which is the correct phrase to fill in the blank.15.You are listening to a conversation between a student and a teacher ina school.Student: “Mr.Smith, I was wondering if you could explain the difference between ‘there’ and ‘their’?”Teacher: “Sure, ‘there’ refers to a place or a thing that is in a specific location. For example, ‘I left my book there on the table.’ ‘Their’ is a possessive adjective, meaning it shows ownership. For example, ‘Their book is on the shelf.’”Question: What is the difference betwe en ‘there’ and ‘their’?A)They are both prepositions.B)‘There’ refers to a place, and ‘their’ refers to ownership.C)‘There’ is a verb, and ‘their’ is an adjective.D)Both mean the same thing.Answer: B) ‘There’ refers to a place, and ‘their’ refers to ownership.Explanation: The correct answer is B because ‘there’ is used to indicate a location, while ‘their’ is used to show ownership. The other options are incorrect because ‘there’ is not a preposition or verb, and ‘their’ is not an adjective.16.Listen to a short dialogue between two friends discussing their weekend plans.Person A: “Hey, do you have any plans for the weekend?”Person B: “I was thinking of going to the beach. How about you?”Person A: “That sounds great! I was planning to go hiking. I haven’t be en out in nature in a while.”Question: What activity does Person B want to do?A)Go hiking.B)Go to the beach.C)Stay at home.D)Go shopping.Answer: B) Go to the beach.Explanation: The correct answer is B because Person B explicitly mentions that they were thinking of going to the beach. The other options are not mentioned in the conversation.17.You are listening to a conversation between two students, Alice and Bob. They are discussing their weekend plans.Alice: “Hey Bob, what are you doing this weekend?”Bob: “I’m thinking of going hiking in the mountains. How about you?”Alice: “That sounds fun! I think I’ll stay home and read a book.”Bob: “Okay, maybe we can go hiking together next time.”Question: What does Alice plan to do this weekend?A) Go hikingB) Read a bookC) Go to the moviesD) Go shoppingAnswer: BExplanation: Alice says, “I think I’ll stay home and read a book,” which indicates that her plan is to read a book.18.You are listening to a news report about a recent event in the city.News Anchor: “Good evening, everyone. Tonight, we have a special report on the city’s new recycling program. The program, which started last month, aims to reduce waste and promote environmental awareness among citizens. According to the city’s recycling coordinator, the program has been successful so far, with a significant increase in the number of participants. Residents are encouraged to separate their recyclables from the rest of their waste, and many local businesses have also joined the effort. For more information, please visit our website.”Question: What is the main purpose of the new recycling program in the city?A) To increase the number of participants in the programB) To promote environmental awareness among citizensC) To reduce the number of local businessesD) To eliminate waste in the cityAnswer: BExplanation: The news report states that the program aims to “promote environmental awareness among citizens,” m aking option B the correct answer.19.You hear a conversation between two students in the library.Student A: Hey, have you checked out the new science book on DNA? Student B: Yes, I did. It’s fascinating how they explain the double helix structure.Student A: Really? I thought it was too complex for us.Student B: Not at all. The book uses simple language and lots of diagrams to help you understand.Question: What does Student A think about the new science book?A) It’s too complex.B) It’s fascinating.C) It’s easy to understand.D) It’s not helpful.Answer: A) It’s too complex.Explanation: Student A expresses doubt about the complexity of the book, suggesting that they believe it is too complex for them to understand.20.You hear a teacher giving instructions to the class before a scienceexperiment.Teacher: Okay, class, before we begin our experiment, make sure you have your safety goggles and lab coats on. We’re going to be working with some chemicals that can be harmful if they come into contact with your skin. Student: What if we spill something?Teacher: In that case, use the nearest sink to rinse the area immediately and notify a teacher right away.Question: What is the teacher reminding the students to do before starting the experiment?A) Turn off the lights.B) Wear safety goggles and lab coats.C) Write down their observations.D) Share their experiments with the class.Answer: B) Wear safety goggles and lab coats.Explanation: The teacher explicitly mentions the importance of wearing safety goggles and lab coats as a preparation step before beginning the experiment.二、阅读理解（30分）Reading ComprehensionPassage:The ancient city of Pompeii, located in modern-day Italy, was a thrivingRoman city that was buried under volcanic ash and pumice after the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD. The city remained preserved for nearly 1,700 years until it was rediscovered in 1748. The meticulous preservation of Pompeii has provided archaeologists with an unparalleled look into the daily life of the Romans during the 1st century AD.The ruins of Pompeii reveal a wide array of buildings, from grand villas to small workshops, and from luxurious bathhouses to modest homes. The streets are lined with stone sidewalks, and the buildings are adorned with intricate frescoes and mosaics. Among the most remarkable finds in Pompeii are the numerous wall paintings that depict scenes from Roman mythology, daily life, and even gladiatorial contests.One such painting, known as the “Bacchic Procession,” is a vivid illustration of a religious festival celebrating the god Dionysus. The painting shows a group of revelers dressed in festive attire, carrying offerings and following a chariot driven by the god himself, who is depicted as a mature man with a beard and a crown of ivy leaves.Questions:1.What significant event caused the city of Pompeii to be preserved for nearly 1,700 years?A) A natural disasterB) A successful excavationC) The construction of a protective wallD) A volcanic eruption2.What are some of the types of buildings that were discovered in the ruins of Pompeii?A) Grand villas, small workshops, and luxurious bathhousesB) Only large public buildings like temples and theatersC) Just modest homes and small shopsD) Only the cit y’s forum and marketplaces3.The “Bacchic Procession” painting is an example of which of the following?A) Roman military strategyB) Roman agricultural practicesC) Roman religious beliefs and practicesD) Roman political structuresAnswers:1.D) A volcanic eruption2.A) Grand villas, small workshops, and luxurious bathhouses3.C) Roman religious beliefs and practices三、完型填空（15分）Task 3: Cloze TestRead the following passage and choose the best word for each blank from the options given below.My favorite season is autumn. The weather is neither too hot nor too cold,and the leaves change color from green to a beautiful array of reds, oranges, and yellows. One of my favorite things to do is to go for a walk in the park during this time. The park is filled with families, couples, and children enjoying the crisp air and the changing scenery.On a recent autumn day, I decided to take a longer walk. I started at the north entrance of the park and planned to make my way to the south entrance. As I walked, I noticed the following:1.The park was (1)________ with people of all ages.2.The children were playing (2)________ games, such as tag and hide and seek.3.Some of the older couples were having a leisurely stroll and enjoying the(3)________ conversations.4.The trees were shedding their leaves, creating a (4)________ of fallen foliage on the ground.5.I even came across a group of artists painting the vibrant colors of the leaves (5)________.1.A. crowdedB. emptyC. silentD. quiet2.A. excitingB. boringC. dangerousD. quiet3.A. loudB. privateC. thoughtfulD. animated4.A. beautifulB. disturbingC. overwhelmingD. dull5.A. outsideB. insideC. nearbyD. far awayAnswers:1.A. crowded2.A. exciting3.C. thoughtful4.A. beautiful5.A. outside四、语法填空题（本大题有10小题，每小题1分，共10分）1、The teacher always encourages students to__________(read) books for fun during their free time.A. readingB. readC. to readD. readsAnswer: B. readExplanation: The correct form to use after “encourages” is the base form o f the verb “to read,” which is “read.” This form is used after modal verbs (like “can,” “may,” “should,” “must,” “will,” “would,” “should,” and “ought to”).2、If I__________(be) in your position, I would definitely make a different decision.A. amB. wereC. will beD. wasAnswer: B. wereExplanation: The sentence is using the second conditional structure, which is used to talk about hypothetical or imaginary situations. The correct form to use in the if-clause is “were” (the past tense of “be”), even though “am” is the present tense of “be.” This structure is used to express a condition that is not true or likely to be true.3、My mother always tells me that exercise is 1 (be) important than eatingwell.A. muchB. manyC. moreD. mostAnswer: CExplanation: The correct answer is “more” because the sentence is comparing two things: exercise and eating well. The phrase “is more important than” indicates a comparison, so “more” is used to express the comparative degree of the adjective “important.”4、If I had known about the party, I___________(go) there with you.A. would have goneB. would goC. had goneD. wentAnswer: AExplanation: The correct answer is “would have gone” because the sentence is in the conditional perfect tense, which is used to express a hypothetical past situation. The phrase “If I had known” indicates a past condition, and “would have gone” shows the result of that condition being true.5.The cat,___________as it was, managed to climb the tree easily.A. old it wasB. it was oldC. old it isD. it is oldAnswer: B. it was oldExplanation: The phrase “as it was” is a conjunction that introduces a dependent clause that modifies the subject “The cat.” The phrase “old” isan adjective describing the cat, and it should be placed bef ore the subject “it” to correctly use the structure “adjective + as + it + be + past participle.” Since the sentence is in the past tense, the correct form is “it was old.”6.If I___________you, I would definitely go to the party.A. wereB. wasC. amD. beAnswer: A. wereExplanation: The sentence is a conditional sentence expressing a hypothetical situation. In the if-clause of a conditional sentence, when the condition is in the past (e.g., “If I had…”), the verb tense should be in the past perfect or the past simple. Since the sentence is talking about a hypothetical situation in the past, the correct form is “If I were,” whichis the past simple subjunctive form of “to be.”7.I have never seen a movie as__________interesting as this one.A. soB. muchC. moreD. veryAnswer: AExplanation: The phrase “as + adjective + as” is used to compare two things.In this case, the sentence is comparing the movie in question to another movie that the speaker has seen. The correct phrase is “as + so + adjective + as,” so the answer is A. “so.”8.She was___________when she heard the news that her son had won the award.A. excitedB. excitedlyC. excitingD. excitinglyAnswer: AExplanation: The correct answer is “excited,” as it is an adjective used to describe her emotional state after hearing the news. “Excitedly” is an adverb, “exciting” is an adjective that describes something that is likely to excite, and “excitingly” is an adverb that describes how something is done. S ince we are describing her emotional state, the adjective “excited” is the correct choice.9.In the 9 morning, she 10 to school by bus.A. last, goB. last, wentC. last, goesD. last, is goingAnswer: BExplanation: The sentence is talking about an action that happened in the past.The phrase “In the last morning” indicates a past time, so we need to use the past simple tense. The correct answer is “went,” which is the past simple form of “go.”10.If I 11 my homework, I would have finished it by now.A. have doneB. didC. doD. were doingAnswer: AExplanation: The sentence is talking about a present condition that is dependent on a past action. The correct form to express this is the present perfect tense, which is formed by “have” followed by the past participle of the verb. The correct answer is “have done,” which indicates that the action of doing the homework started in the past and continues to the present or has a present result.五、简答题（本大题有5小题，每小题2分，共10分）1、Translate the following sentences into English: “我每天早上六点半起床。
南京市育英二外2018初二上牛津译林8Aunit4单元考试测试卷(无答案)
育英二外8A U4 单元测试卷一、单项选择（本题共15小题，每题1分，共15分）（）1. --- Can you help me repair my bike?--- ______. I’m coming.A.Of course notB. Thank youC. No problemD. You are welcome （）2. My father advised me ______ it again.A.tryB.tryingC. to tryingD.to try（）3. --- I’m worried about my English.--- ______ harder, ______ you will catch up with your classmates.A.Working; andB.Work; andC. To work; orD. Worked; or （）4. --- Tom, ______ any sugar to my coffee.--- OK. What about some milk in the coffee?A.doesn’t addB. didn’t addC. not addD. don’t add（）5. Not only I but also my friend Simon ______ the secret.A.knowsB. knowsC. don’t knowD.isn’t know（）6. When you go out, please don’t ______ the computer ______.A.leave; openB. keep; offC. leave; onD. let; on（）7. When the fireman hurried there, the whole building ______ smoke.A.fill withB. was filled withC. was full withD. full of（）8. When the doorbell rang, Jim stopped ______ computer games ______ the door.A.playing; openB. to play; openC. to play; openedD. playing; to open （）9. --- It’s a secret between us. Don’t tell others. --- Sure, I ______.A.doB. willC. don’tD. won’t（）10. There are many clothes shops on one side of the street and many shoe shops on _______.A.otherB. othersC. anotherD. the other（）11. Be careful! Try to make as ______ mistakes as you can.A, many B. few C. much D. Little（）12. --- Mum, can I go to play for a while? --- Why not? Y our homework is almost ______.A.finishingB. finishesC. finishedD. Finish（）13. Max and his online friend had fun ______ on the Internet last night.A.chatB. to chatC. chatingD. Chatting（）14. The light in our classroom ______. So we’re waiting for someone to ______ a new one.A.did wrong; put upB. went wrong; put onC. did wrong; put offD. went wrong; put in（）15. --- Lucy, I will stay in Nanjing for ______ next month. --- Great!A. some timeB.sometimeC. sometimesD. some times二、完形填空（本题共10小题，每题1分，共10分）Once upon a time, there was a lovely garden. There was a tree ___16___ many leaves and some vegetables in the garden. Both the vegetables and the tree ___17___ the garden beautiful. The garden’s owner was very ___18___ with this. But the tree and vegetables ___19___ each other. The vegetables hated the tree’s shadow(阴影). The tree thought the vegetables drank all the water.One day, the vegetables decided to use up all the ___20___ in the ground so that(以便) the tree would dry up. Then the tree ___21___ back by refusing(拒绝) to shade the vegetables from the hot sun.The gardener was sad and stopped watering them. When he did that, ___22___ the tree and the vegetables really learned what thirst was. There seemed to ___23___ no solution(解决办法), but one of the vegetables , a small courgette (小胡瓜) understood what was going on, and decided to solve the problem. He did all he could to grow, grow, grow .......He grew so big and then the gardener started watering ___24___ again. Then the vegetables and the tree came to know that it was ___25___ to help each other than to fight. They worked together to make the garden beautiful again.（）16. A. has B. covers C. with D. grows（）17. A. made B. had C. liked D. looked（）18. A. surprised B. worried C. proud D. with（）19. A. liked B. dislike C. played with D. helped（）20. A. air B. sun C. water D. leaves（）21. A. answered B. said C. helped D. came（）22. A. growing B. to grow C. to water D. watering（）23. A. have B. has C. be D. being（）24. A. them B. the leaves C. the vegetables D. the tree（）25 A. bad B. worse C. good D. Better三、阅读理解（本题共5小题，每题1分，共计5分）"Be proud of（骄傲）what you do," my father always told me, "whether you are a boss or a cleaner". When I was 15, I got a summer job in a hospital. I was told that my duties would include cleaning floors. I smiled and remembered dad's words.My job was the lowest, but it made me feel excited. I saw' it as a challenge（挑战）because it was my first job. I learned to be on time and tried to do everything well. In return, I got respect（尊重）by doctors, nurses and patients（病人）. Each morning I imagined（想象）that the dirty dishes would make patients sicker if I were not there to wash them clean. After breakfast, I started cleaning the floors of all patients' rooms and cleaning toilets. I was tired but I wanted to do the job well. People would say, "That young boy really does a good job." That made me happy.Working in the hospital taught me that being proud of one's job was important. I have swept floors, and I have been a manager. "Be proud of what you do." My father's words influenced（影响）me all my life. And I'm sure dad must be proud of me.( ) 26. The writer's first job was a ______.A. bossB. cleanerC. managerD. doctor( ) 27. Which of the following didn't the writer do in the hospital according to the passage?A. Looking after patients.B. Washing dishes.C. Cleaning toilets.D. Cleaning the floor.( ) 28. When the writer was in the hospital, he ______.A. made the patients sickB. wasn't tiredC. worked hardD. did everything( ) 29. From the passage we know that ______.A. the writer's father always stayed with himB. the father didn't like the writer's first jobC. the writer wasn't proud of his first jobD. the father's words encouraged（鼓励）the writer to do everything well( ) 30. Which is the best title of the passage?A. Smiling with YourselfB. My FatherC. My First JobD. Working in the Hospital四、根据所给中文、首字母或英文释义写出单词（本题共7小题，每题1分，共计7分）31.I can put together the furniture after reading these __________（说明书）.32.Here is a pair of __________（剪刀）for you to cut the paper into pieces.33.I have read all books on those book __________（书架）.34.The singer on the c__________ of the magazine is Lucy’s favorite star Jonno.35.The new UN leader __________(go to) the meeting yesterday.36.I am __________(sure) my answer is right.37.I spent nearly an hour c__________ the crossword（填词游戏）.五、根据所给单词适当形式填空（每空1分，共计12分）38.It is __________(polite) to speak loudly in public.39.The bat is __________(active)in the daytime. They always come out at night.40.It is __________(possible) for me __________(tidy) up my bedroom in ten minutes.41.Your spelling is __________(correct). Please correct it soon.42.My cousin Suzy advised me _______________(not spend) too much time on computer games.43.__________(mix) different fruits together can make the salad look colorful.44.__________(turn) right on the first crossing, and you will find the bank of ABC.45.__________(help) you remember clearly, you should take notes in class.46.I hope you _______________(not forget) my words.47.You’d better _______________(not be) late next time.48.The little girl has kept __________(draw) for two hours.49.I planned _______________(put) together this piece of furniture in an hour.六、翻译句子（每空0.5分，共计10分）50.When you do DIY, you make,repair or decorate things yourself __________ __________ __________someone __________ __________ it.（而不是花钱雇人做）51.Many boys are __________ __________ __________ football. （痴迷于踢足球）52.My mum __________ a __________ __________ cooking last month. （报名参加了一个烹饪班）53.The word WTO ___________ __________ （代表）the World Trade Organization.54.The price of this car is __________ __________ （高得多）than that one.55.Lots of things __________ __________ （出错了）at the beginning.56.I don’t want my mum to worry about me. Could you please __________ __________ __________（保密）?七、句型转换（每空0.5分，共计5分）57.You’d better take a taxi there. （改为否定句）You __________ __________ __________ take a taxi there.58.You should write down your names on the form.（改为一般疑问句）__________ __________ write down our names on the form?59.If you don’t get up before 6 a.m., you may miss your train.（改为同义句）__________ __________ before 6 a.m., __________ you __________ __________ your train.八、阅读下面的材料，完成后面的表格,每空一词。
南京市育英二外2017年初二上 8A期中考试测试卷(无听力无答案)
育英二外8A期中测试卷II.单项选择（总分15分）st night the big fire in Sunshine Shopping Mall was started by the children playing with matches. ______ ,no one was hurt.A.SuddenlyB.EasilyC.LuckilyD.Sadly2.Nick is new here,so we know ______ about him.A.somethingB.nothingC.anythingD.everything3.--- ______ does your new friend ______ ?--- She is tall and slim with long hair and bright eyes.A.How ;likeB.What;lookC.What;look likeD.How ;look like4.There aren’t enough chairs in the hall.Would you please __________here?A.to bring another fiveB.bring five moreC.to bring five anotherD.bring more five5.---How do you like the dishes,Tom?---Wonderful!Nothing tastes ______ .A.betterB.niceC.terribleD.worse6.In the words unlucky and uncommon,the un- means ______.A.veryB.mostC.notD.less7.I was surprised that she could run ______I could.A. as faster asB. so fast thanC. as fast asD.as quick as8.--- ______ do you spend on your homework every day?---More than 2 hours.A.How longB.How muchC.How oftenD.How many9.Timmy was unhappy because he picked the ______ strawberries of the four this morning.A.leastB.fewerC.mostD.fewest10.---Could you tell me when you will ______ Nanjing?---I’m not sure.When I ______ ,I will call you.A.arrive;reachB. reach;get toC. get to; arriveD.reach; arrive at11.---Would you mind if I open the window--- _______ .I’ve got a bad cold .A.You'd better notB. Never mind.C. Of course not.D.All right.12.---The suitcase is too heavy to carry.What’s in it?—Oh, it is ________ books.A．full with B．fill of C．covered with D.filled with13.---After practicing so many times,I think you can do it ________ this time.---Certainly.A.correctB.correctlyC.incorrectD.incorrectly14.---I feel stressed from time to time. Could you give me some advice?—________ sharing your worries with your parents?A．Why don’t you B.How about C．Why not D．You’d better 15.---Reading is a good way to pass the time on the train．---_______．I never go traveling without a book．A．You are joking. B．That's true C．I don't think so D．It sounds like fun II.完形填空（10分）Not long ago, I made up my mind to read a lot of books to get more knowledge. So I went to the library and __1___ happily with several books. But after a few days, I felt impatient. The ___2__ of finishing all of them seemed impossible, because I always found it hard to ___3__ down to read a whole book. I didn’t know what to do with it. Then ___4___ one day I thought of “Why not make reading for fun?” it gave me __5___ again. Reading is a journey of spirit. Every time we read a book, we are actually(事实上) talking ___6___ the writer. I tried to put all my effort into his or herbooks, __7___ I could feel all of his or her happiness and sadness. Now books have become a part of my life.Attitude (态度) can make a great ___8___. Someone once said, “Even though the situation is bad, people still have one freedom(自由) to __9___ their at titude.” So, don’t complain about study or work. It helps __10___. Try to see things from a different way. I’m sure this will change the situation and help you a lot.( )16. A. sang B. jumped C. returned D. danced( )17.A. way B. habit C. suggestion D. idea( )18.A. calm B. sit C. lie D. turn( )19.A. sadly B. quickly C. suddenly D. hardly( )20.A. advice B. hope C. time D. knowledge( )21.A. with B. about C. of D. at( )22.A. because B. though C. but D. so( )23.A. decision B. difference C. discussion D. promise( )24.A. announce B. choose C. show D. hide( )25. A. nothing B. anything C. everything D. somethingIII.阅读理解(A)You may feel curious about students in other countries: Do they also have so much homework? What do they do in their spare time? On April 8, a report came out on the lives of high school students in China, Japan, South Korea and the US. It surveyed around 6,200 students from the four countries last year. You will find the answers to many of your questions in this report.Who studies hardest?Chinese students spend the most time studying. Nearly half of Chinese students spend more than two hours on their homework every day. That's much more than students of the US (26.4%), Japan (8.2%) and South Korea (5.2%).Who sleeps most often in class?Japanese students fall asleep in class most often. About 45% of them said they sometimes doze off in class. In Sou th Korea, it’s 32%; in the US, 21%; and 5% in China.South Korean students don’t like taking notes. About 70% said they write down what the teacher says in class, much fewer than in Japan (93%), China (90%) and the US (89%).What do they do after school?In their free time, most Chinese students study or surf the Internet. Most American students hang out with their friends. Most Japanese students do physical exercises. Most Korean students watch TV.26.The report is about ___________.A. the countriesB. the subjectsC. the students' livesD. the high schools27.What country isn't mentioned in the report?A. The USB. South Korea C .Japan D. India28. _______ of the Chinese students spend more than two hours on their homework.A. 26.4 %B. 8.2 %C. 5.2 %D. 48.6 %29.The phrase does off means _______ .A.be half asleepB.get upC.eat snacksD.send emails30.What of the following sentences is Not true?A.Japanese students fall asleep in class most often.B. Most Japanese students do physical exercises after school.C. Most Chinese students watch TV in their free time.D. The students in South Korean don't like taking notes in class.（B）Would you like to visit Britain one day?--Our country would like to welcome you! Overseas travel can be expensive.But there are ways of visiting Britain cheaply.We hope that we can give you some good ideas.When to come?If you can avoid the busy months --July and August ,your visitmay be cheaper.There will be smaller numbers of visitors. British weather is pleasant from April to the end of September.Of course,you can visit it in winter,but it is often dark by 4pm.Many places,such as large houses and castles(城堡),are closed early in winter.However,if you are interested in museums,art galleries or theatres,winter may be a good time to visit.Be prepared. If you are a student,it's a good idea to apply for (申请)an International Student Identity Card(身份证).With this card,you can save a lot of money.You can get the card from your local student travel office ,and you can also call(44)-08708-413224 to get it.To get the card,you need to show that you are a student,get a passport photo ,and pay a little money.31.Which is the most popular time for visitors to Britain?A.July and AugustB.The winter seasonC.From April to SeptemberD.The vacation season.32.What's the weather like in winter in Britain?A.There is lots of snow.B.The daytime is short.C.It's neither hot nor cold.D.The weather is pleasant.33.If you are a student with an International Student Identity Card,_____.A.you have to prove you're a studentB.you will pay less money for your trip.C.you can call(44)-08708-413224 for help.D.you must apply for a trip from the student travel office34.The writer of this article is _____.A.a GermanB.a ChineseC.an EnglishmanD.an American35.This passage is mainly about_____.A.when to visit BritainB.why to take a trip to BritainC.what to do and see in BritainD.how to travel cheaply in Britain(C)Soon it would be the holidays. But before that, there were the end of year exams.All the students had been working hard for some time. If they didn't pass, they would have to retake the exams in September. There were usually a few who failed, but Kate decided not to be one of them. She had worked hard all day, but just before the exams she was working so hard that her sister was worried about her. She was staying up too late. The night before the first exam, Barbala insisted (坚持) that she should have anearly night and take a sleeping pill. She promised (许诺) to wake her in the morning.As she was falling asleep, Kate was worried in case (万一) she over-slept. Her mind kept jumping from subject to subject. At last, with the help of the pill, she fell asleep. In no time at all, she was sitting in the examination hall, looking at the paper. She couldn't answer any of the questions. Everyone round her was writing pages and pages. However hard she thought, she couldn't find anything to write about. Shekept looking at her watch. Time was running out. There was only one hour left. She started one question, wrote two sentences, gave up and tried another one. With only half an hour left she wrote another two sentences. By this time she was so worried that she started crying. Her whole body shook (摇晃,震颤). It shook so much that it woke her up. She was still in bed and it had all been a terrible dream. A minute later, Barbala called her name.36. Which of the following is true?A. All the students were usually successful in their exams.B. Not all]students passed the year exams.C. Every one of the students could pass the end of year exams.D. None of the students would take the exams again in September37.When you prepare for an exam,_____.A.you go over(复习) your lessons.B.you read new booksC.you take the exam again and againD.you look through the exam38.Kate worked very hard before the exams for _____.A. she was very poor at her lessons.B. she decided to be the best one in her class.C. she didn't work hard all year.D. she didn't want to fail in them.39. Why did Barbala insist that Kate should take a sleeping pill?A. Because she thought Kate should oversleep before the first exam.B. Because Kate was so worried about her exams that she couldn't go to sleep at all.C. Because Barbala hoped her sister would have a good sleep before the first exam.D. Because she had promised to wake her up the next morning.40. Kate dreamed a terrible dream simply because _____.A. she had taken a sleeping pill.B. she was too worried about her exams.C. her sister had forgotten to wake her up.D. she did not pass the exams.第II卷（50分）V.词汇（10分）A）根据所给的中文写出单词，使句子意思完整正确（5分）41.It’s easier for us to learn different kinds of__________(文化)with the help of the Internet.42.---I’m worried I’m getting fatter.---You should eat __________(少）food and do more exercise.43.The little girl was so excited that she kept __________(拼写)the words wrong.44.I hope everyone can take an __________(积极的)part in class activities.45.This summer many Chinese people went to Rio to __________(支持)their favourite athletes.B)根据句子意思，用所给词的适当形式填空（5分）46.---Is this model plane yours,Susan?---Yes,It’s mine.It’s made by __________(1)47.---Mr.Wu,I really don’t know how to write articles.---Don’t worry. __________(use)a mind map to organize your ideas.48.After I listened to the teacher,I had a __________ (far)understanding of the article.49.Simon couldn’t wait __________(read)it when he received the new e-mail.50.You’d better __________(not go)outside when the typhoon comes.VI.按要求改写句子（5分）51.Colour the card blue.(改为否定句)__________ __________the card blue.52.They want to have an hour of homework at the weekend.(对划线部分提问)__________ __________ homework do you want to have at the weekend? 53..Daniel didn’t choose to study Art.He chose to study Maths instead.(合并为一句)Daniel chose to study Maths __________ __________Art.54.Skating is more difficult than swimming,I think.(同义句)I think swimming is __________ __________than skating.55.Russia is the largest country in the world.(同义句)Russia is larger than __________ __________countries in the world.VII.汉译英（5分）56每天跑步使他变得越来越强壮。
2024-2025学年江苏省南京市初二上学期期末英语试卷与参考答案
2024-2025学年江苏省南京市英语初二上学期期末模拟试卷与参考答案一、听力部分（本大题有20小题，每小题1分，共20分）1.What is the name of the movie the teacher mentioned during class today?A. “The Shape of Water”B. “Inception”C. “The Grand Budapest Hotel”D. “Gladiator”Answer: CExplanation: The teacher mentioned “The Grand Budapest Hotel” as an example during class today, which is a classic film and the students should be familiar with it. Therefore, the correct answer is option C.2.How does Lily plan to spend her birthday this year?A. She plans to go hiking in the mountains.B. She wants to have a picnic with her friends.C. Lily will go shopping with her family.D. She is planning to volunteer at a local shelter.Answer: DExplanation: In the conversation between Lily and her friend, Lily mentionsthat she wants to dedicate her birthday helping others, which suggests she will volunteer at a local shelter. Hence, option D is the correct answer.3.What does the man suggest doing?•A) Going to the movies.•B) Visiting the museum.•C) Having dinner at a new restaurant.•D) Playing video games at home.Answer: CExplanation: In the dialogue, the man mentions that he has heard good things about a new Italian place downtown and suggests trying it out for dinner. Therefore, the correct answer is C.4.Why does the woman refuse the invitation?•A) She doesn’t like the suggested activity.•B) She already has plans.•C) She is not feeling well.•D) She prefers to stay at home.Answer: BExplanation: The woman politely declines the invitation because she already has prior commitments that evening. Hence, the correct answer is B.5.You are listening to a conversation between two students, Alice and Bob, discussing their weekend plans.Alice: Hey Bob, what are you planning to do this weekend?Bob: Oh, I’m thinking of going hiking in the mountains. How about you, Alice?Alice: That sounds fun! I was actually considering visiting the local museum. What do you think?Question: What does Alice plan to do this weekend?A) Go hikingB) Visit the local museumC) Go to the beachD) Stay at homeAnswer: B) Visit the local museumExplanation: In the conversation, Alice says, “I was actually considering visiting the local museum,” which indicates her pla n for the weekend.6.You are listening to a news report about a recent scientific discovery.News Anchor: Today we have some exciting news from the field of biology. Scientists have just announced a breakthrough in understanding how plants communicate with each other.Listener: Wow, that sounds amazing! How do they communicate?News Anchor: Well, it turns out that plants produce certain chemicals that they release into the air. These chemicals act as signals, allowing plants to warn each other about pests or diseases.Question: How do plants communicate with each other?A) Through soundsB) Through touchC) Through chemicals released into the airD) Through electrical signalsAnswer: C) Through chemicals released into the airExplanation: The news report states that plants produce and release certain chemicals into the air as signals, which is how they communicate with each other.7、 Listen to the short passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions.Passage: A little girl is playing in the park and she sees a dog. The dog is chasing a red ball.Question: What is the girl seeing?A) She is playing with the dog.B) She is chasing the red ball.C) She is playing in the park and sees a dog chasing a red ball.Answer: CExplanation: The passage clearly states that the girl is playing in the park and sees a dog chasing a red ball.8、 Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to each of the following questions.Dialogue:Boy: Hi, Tom. Can you come to my house to play?Tom: Sure, I’d lov e to. When can I come over?Boy: My house is at the end of the street. My mom will be home at 5:30, so let’s come after that.Question: What time will the boy’s mom come home?A) 4:30B) 5:00C) 5:30Answer: CExplanation: The boy mentions that his mom will be home at 5:30.9.Listen to the conversation between two students discussing their weekend plans.A. They plan to go to the movies.B. They have a science project due next Monday.C. They plan to visit a historic site.Answer: BExplanation: The conversation includes a mention of a science project and a due date mentioned as “next Monday,” thus leading to the correct answer. The other options are not supported by the conversation.10.Listen to a short news report about a recent charity event.A. The event raised$5,000 to help a local orphanage.B. The charity event was canceled due to bad weather.C. The organizers hope to raise$10,000 by the end of the month.Answer: AExplanation: The news report explicitly states that “The event was a success, raising$5,000 for the local orphanage,” making option A the correctanswer. Option B contradicts the actual event, and while option C is discussed, it does not refer to the current event discussed in the report.11、You will hear:Woman: Hi, Jack, how was your weekend?Man: It was great. I went camping with my family.Woman: Oh, that sounds fun. Where did you go?Man:We went to the mountains. The air was so fresh, and the view was amazing.Woman: Did you do any hiking?Man:Yeah, we hiked for about three hours on Saturday and saw some wildlife.Woman:That’s wonderful. What else did you do?Man: We also had a picnic and played some games by the lake.Question: What did Jack and his family NOT do during their trip?A) HikingB) Playing gamesC) SwimmingD) Having a picnicAnswer: C) SwimmingExplanation: In the conversation, Jack mentioned several activities he did with his family during the camping trip, such as hiking, playing games, and having a picnic. However, there was no mention of swimming, making option C the correct answer.12、You will hear:Announcer:Welcome to the City Museum. Today, we have a special exhibition featuring ancient artifacts from around the world. Please follow me as I guide you through the gallery. First, we will see pottery from ancient Egypt, dating back over 3,000 years. Next, we’ll view some bronze tools from China’s Shang Dynasty. Finally, we’ll end our tour in the European section, where we have a collection of medieval weapons.Question: Which of the following items will NOT be shown in the exhibition?A) Pottery from ancient EgyptB) Bronze tools from China’s Shang DynastyC) Medieval weapons from EuropeD) Paintings from the Renaissance periodAnswer: D) Paintings from the Renaissance periodExplanation: The announcer provided a clear outline of the items that will be displayed in the exhibition, which include pottery from ancient Egypt, bronze tools from China’s Shang Dynasty, and medieval weapons from Europe. There was no mention of paintings from the Renaissance period, thus making option D the correct answer.13、听句子，选择正确的图片。
南京市初中英语八年级上册 Unit 2经典测试卷(含答案)
一、选择题1．Most of the students in my class________three times a week.A．exercise B．exercises C．are exercising D．is exercising A解析：A【详解】句意：我们班大多数学生一周锻炼三次。
考查一般现在时及主谓一致。
exercise锻炼，动词原形；exercises第三人称单数形式；are exercising现在进行时，主语是第二人称单复数或第一、三人称复数；is exercising现在进行时，主语是第三人称单数。
结合句意可知，描绘习惯性或经常性的动作，用一般现在时，此句用一般现在时，排除C和D。
students为可数名词复数，most of the students作主语，谓语动词用exercise。
故选A。
2．Reading aloud is the best way English.A．to learn B．learning C．to learning D．learns A解析：A【解析】试题分析：句意：大声读是学习英语的最好的方法。
……的方法/钥匙/答案/票是way/key/answer/ticket to +do /名词，不用of。
故选C。
考点：考查非谓语动词的用法。
3．—What about_______ a rest? —OK!Let’s go for a walk.A．to have B．hadC．have D．having D解析：D【解析】试题分析：句意：休息一会儿怎样？好！我们去散散步吧。
所填动词跟在介词之后该用动名词，所以选D。
考点：考查非谓语动词。
4．---Dad, ________ should I water the flowers in the garden when you are not at home? ---once a day.A．How Many B．how long C．how often D．how soon C解析：C【详解】句意：——爸爸，当你不在家的时候，我应该多久浇一次花园里的花？——一天一次。
外研社版初中英语八年级上册Module2单元测试试卷-含答案01
Module 2 My home town and my country 单元测试一、听力（20分）（Ⅰ）录音中有五个句子，听一遍后，选择与其相符的图片。
（5分）（）1.（）2.（）3.（）4.（）5.（Ⅱ）录音中有五组对话及五个问题，听一遍后，选择最佳答案。
（5分）（）6. A. Beijing. B. Shenzhen. C. Yes, Beijing is.（）7. A. Go skating. B. Go swimming. C. Go sightseeing.（）8. A. Yes, it is. B. No, it isn’t. C. It is in the south.（）9. A. About 7 million. B. About 17 million. C. About 27 million.（）10. A. It is in the east of London.B. It is in the east of England.C. It is in the west of England.（Ⅲ）录音中有一段长对话，听两遍后，选择最佳答案。
（5分）（）11. Li Fang’s home town is ________.A. ShanghaiB. QingdaoC. Paris（）12. Qingdao is ________ of Shandong.A. in the eastB. in the northC. in the south（）13. The weather in Paris is ________ in winter.A. too hotB. too coldC. not too cold（）14. Paris is ________ than Qingdao.A. smallerB. more beautifulC. bigger（）15. The population of Qingdao is ________.A. about 2, 029, 000B. about 2, 002, 900C. about 2, 290, 000 （Ⅳ）录音中有一篇短文，听两遍后，选择最佳答案。
南京育英二外外国语学校新初一分班语文试卷含答案
南京育英二外外国语学校新初一分班语文试卷含答案看拼音，写词语。
xì nìkāi záo xī shuài pái huái( )( )( )( )dǒu penɡzhòu rán kānɡ kǎi shùn jiān( )( )( )( )下列加点的字注音完全正确的一项是（）A．档．（dàng）次给．（jǐ）予模．（mó）样惩．（chéng）罚B．潜．（qián）能歼．（jiān）灭造诣．（yì）膝．（qī）盖C．尽．（jǐng）管拖累．（lěi）亲戚．（qì）鲜血（xuè）D．躯壳．（qiào）称．（chēng）赞瞠．（chēng）目阿．（ē）谀下列词语书写全部正确的一项是（）A．落慌而逃出人意料铺天盖地座无虚席B．肃然起敬司空见贯积劳成疾轻于鸿毛C．精兵减政莫名其妙饶有趣味目瞪口呆D．别出心裁座无虚席游手好闲发愤图强下列句子修辞归类正确的一项是（）①天空里撒满了快活地眨着眼睛的星星。
②老师是培育人才的园丁，他们的劳动应该受到应有的尊重。
③我爱你，爱着你，就像老鼠爱大米。
④小鸟在尽情歌唱。
⑤街道两旁尽是黑色的瓦砾，烧焦的树木垂头丧气地弯着腰。
⑥“吹面不寒杨柳风”，不错的，像母亲的手抚摸着你。
A．①③⑥/ ②④⑤B．①④⑤/ ②③⑥C．①⑤⑥/ ②③④D．①②⑥/ ③④⑤下列语句没有语病的一句是（）A．学校热情表扬了刘明见义勇为的行径。
B．有没有健全的体魄，是能够成为接班人的前提。
C．他虽然已经超越了别人，那么，今后的任务就是超越自我。
D．以美国为首的北约在南联盟制造的血腥暴行，是对人类文明的肆意践踏。
标点使用完全正确的一项是（）A．“快走呀！”爸爸高喊，“我们就快要爬到山顶了！”B．店家道：“客官，你应该看见，我门前旗上明明写着“三碗不过冈”。
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南京育英二外外国语学校八年级上册上学期试卷及答案-百度文库一、选择题1．箱形水母是世界上最毒的海洋生物之一。
它的剧毒毒液能使人3分钟之内瞬间毙命。
下列关于箱形水母的叙述不正确的是（）A．箱形水母属于腔肠动物B．箱形水母的毒液储存在刺细胞中C．箱形水母的口和肛门都着生在触手附近D．箱形水母的身体呈辐射对称2．下雨后蚯蚓会从地下爬到地面上来，主要是因为（）A．地下缺氧B．蚯蚓的食物在地表上C．蚯蚓需要阳光D．蚯蚓喜欢潮湿地面3．下列关于软体动物的叙述，错误的是（）A．软体动物有水生的，也有陆生的B．河蚌属于双壳类C．软体动物的体外都有贝壳保护D．软体动物身体都比较柔软4．在藻类繁盛的池塘中，常常看到鱼在黎明时浮头甚至跳出水面的现象。
究其原因是（）A．水温较低B．水温较高C．水中氧气较少D．水中氧气充足5．在生物的进化历程中，最早成为真正的陆生动物的是（）A．鱼类B．两栖类C．爬行类D．哺乳类6．森林警察在偷猎者的营地里发现了一具动物的头骨，据图判断，偷猎者捕杀的动物最可能是（）A．野兔B．野驴C．野狼D．羚羊7．“双飞燕子几时回，夹岸桃花蘸水开”，燕子在飞行中需要消耗大量能量。
下列叙述中，与鸟产生大量能量无关的是（）A．心跳频率快，运输能力强B．气囊辅助呼吸，可获得充足氧气C．骨骼轻、薄、坚固，有些骨中空D．食量大，消化能力强8．体温恒定扩大了动物的分布范围。
下列动物中属于恒温动物是（）A．海葵、珊瑚虫B．白鲨、中华鲟C．大鲵、扬子鳄D．蓝鲸、白鳍豚9．如图是人的屈肘和伸肘动作示意图，当手臂垂直于地面提起重物的那一刻，图中的①和②分别处于什么状态（）A．收缩舒张B．舒张收缩C．收缩收缩D．舒张舒张10．图是人的长骨结构示意图。
下列叙述错误的是A．①是骨松质，结构硫松，能承受一定压力B．②是骨密质，结构致密坚硬，抗压力强C．③是骨髓，幼年时呈红色，有造血功能D．④是骨膜，无血管，有神经、成骨细胞11．根据图判断，下列说法正确的是A．图中标号1从2中脱出称为脱臼B．图中3能分泌滑液减少摩擦C．图中5为关节软骨，能减少摩擦D．图中2为关节腔12．人的跑步、鸟的飞行、萤火虫发光、电鳗放电所需要的能量来源于（）。
A．食物的消化作用B．细胞的呼吸作用C．周围环境中的能量D．吸入的空气中的能量13．根据你平时的观察及下列动物的运动记录表，不可能得出的结论是（）A．所有动物的运动都需要能量B．动物的运动方式与运动器官有关C．运动速度最快的是陆生动物D．动物的运动器官和运动方式与环境相适应14．下列属于先天性行为的是（）A．大山雀学着偷喝牛奶B．黑猩猩用树枝钓取白蚁C．小鼠走迷宫获取食物D．失去雏鸟的红雀喂鱼15．下列有关动物社会行为的描述中，错误的是（）A．群体内各成员之间一般都有明确的分工B．群体内常进行一定的信息交流C．群体内个体聚集在一起生活D．群体内雄性个体之间不会相互攻击16．群体生活的动物有着不同的信息交流方式，蚂蚁进行信息交流依靠的是（）A．声音B．舞蹈C．气味D．形状17．饲养员在给猴子喂食物时，一个甜薯不慎掉进水池中，一只小猴子费了好长时间才从水池中捞出这个甜薯，一段时间后，饲养员发现喂甜薯时，猴子再也不吃沾满泥土的甜薯了，下列关于猴子这种行为的叙述，不正确的是（）A．这种行为属于后天性行为B．这种行为是猴子一生下来就有的C．这种行为是通过生活经验和“学习”逐渐建立起来的D．这种行为能使猴子更好地适应不断变化的环境18．成语“闻鸡起舞”蕴含丰富的生物学知识，下列说法不正确的是（）A．打鸣的公鸡体温恒定，有气囊辅助肺呼吸B．“闻鸡起舞”从获得途径判断属于先天性行为C．“闻鸡”的听觉是在大脑皮层中形成的D．“起舞”需要骨、关节和肌肉协调配合19．“鸟类的黑手党”——杜鹃，将自己的卵产到别的小鸟巢中，小鸟辛勤地为杜鹃卵并精心喂食杜鹃的雏鸟。
下列对“小鸟”该种行为的解释中，正确的是①是先天性行为②是学习行为③是由遗传因素决定的④是由环境因素决定的A．①③B．①④C．②③D．②④20．下列各项中，属于取食行为的是____，防御行为的是____，繁殖行为的是____，节律行为的是____（）①狮子追捕羚羊②一只母猪哺育着8只小猪③乌贼遇险喷出墨汁④秋后大雁南飞A．①②③④B．①③②④C．②①③④D．②③①④21．动物能促进生态系统中的物质循环是指（）A．动物能将无机物转化为有机物B．动物能将有机物转化为能量释放及产生水和无机盐回到自然界中C．动物能为植物提供粪便，促进植物生长D．动物能抑制植物生长保护自然界中生物的平衡22．下列动物中分别能帮助植物传播花粉和果实的是A．蜜蜂蝴蝶B．蝗虫青蛙C．蝴蝶老鼠D．蜜蜂松鼠23．下列关于如图四种微生物的叙述，不正确的是（）A．④所示生物寄生在活细胞中B．人们酿酒离不开②C．图③中有细胞壁、细胞膜，却没有成形的细胞核D．图中①②属于真核生物，③④属于原核生物24．下列有关细胞及生物结构层次的叙述，错误的是（）A．动物细胞没有细胞壁B．病毒没有细胞结构C．动植物体的结构层次相同D．细胞核是细胞的控制中心25．细菌在污水净化时所起的作用是A．分解污水中的有机物B．分解污水中的重金属盐成分C．分解污水中的各种有害成分D．吸收污水中的各种有害成分26．下列关于芽孢的叙述中错误的是（）A．芽孢是细菌用来繁殖的结构B．芽孢是细菌的休眠体C．一个芽孢可以萌发出一个细菌D．芽孢是不良环境中的细菌形成的结构27．细菌和真菌共有的特征或作用是（）A．依靠孢子进行繁殖B．细胞内无成形的细胞核C．是单细胞个体D．多数种类在生物圈中属于分解者28．为了探究“肉汤变质的原因”，某同学做了如图的实验。
将甲、乙两套装置分别连接好，分别用酒精灯加热至肉汤沸腾15分钟，然后将甲、乙装置放在室温为25℃的环境中。
三天后，甲装置中的肉汤变质了，乙装置中的肉汤未变质。
乙装置中的肉汤未变质的原因是（）A．肉汤沸腾时间不足B．没有空气进入乙试管C．室温保持在25℃D．弯管阻挡了细菌进入肉汤29．为了探究食品腐败的原因和细菌生存的条件，生物兴趣小组用已消毒的甲、乙、丙三个相同锥形瓶，按下表进行了实验，请分析表中包含了几组对照实验？变量分别是什么？（）瓶号甲乙丙加入物质50毫升灭菌牛奶50毫升灭菌牛奶50毫升灭菌牛奶瓶口处理不作处理不作处理用消毒棉球塞住温度25℃5℃25℃A．2组，温度、消毒棉球B．2组，温度、空气C．3组，温度、消毒棉球、空气D．2组，温度、细菌十30．从生物进化的大致过程来看，地球上现存物种中，最高等的动物和植物依次是（）A．哺乳动物和被子植物B．鸟类和被子植物C．哺乳动物和裸子植物D．爬行动物和种子植物31．如图是部分动物的分类图解，请分析回答（1）从体型来看，绝大多数动物身体呈__对称，这种体形使其运动更加准确，迅速而有效，能更好的捕食和御敌．（2）从体表来看，与所生活的环境相适应，A类动物的体表具有__，B类动物的体表具有__，D类动物的体表覆盖着__．（3）从呼吸方式来看，鱼生活在水中，用__呼吸；D类动物用__呼吸，鸟具有__辅助呼吸．（4）从生殖和发育来看，D类动物摆脱了对外界水环境的依赖，与此相适应的特点有：体内受精，陆上产卵，卵表面有__．与D类动物相比，E类动物最重要的繁殖特征是__．（5）从分类等级来看，脊椎动物的五个类群所处的分类等级都是__．（6）从进化过程来看，在我国发现的孔子鸟化石具有鸟类和D类动物的一些特征：被覆羽毛，具有和鸟翼一样的前肢，但前肢上长着3个爪；上下颚没有牙齿，有角质喙，据此可以推断，鸟类可能是由__类动物进化而来，E类动物由__类动物进化而来，并且E类动物的牙齿有__齿、犬齿和__齿的分化．（7）动物在自然界中具有重要作用，各种各样的动物在维持__平衡中起着重要作用；能促进生态系统的__循环；能帮助植物传粉等．32．图1是学生小张用两片长方形的木板[3]、[5]两条松紧带[2]、[4]和一颗螺丝[1]制作的肌肉牵拉骨运动的模型；图2中两图表示鸟类的两种不同行为，图3表示的是小白鼠走迷宫，图4是蚂蚁的通讯，据图回答下列问题：（1）图1中[3]和[5]相当于骨，[1]起_____的作用。
虚线箭头表示[4]的收缩状态。
从这个模型可以看出，人的某一动作的完成过程可描述为_____。
（2）图2中金鱼所表现出的行为形成过程是_____。
（3）在研究动物的行为时，探究小组的同学设计小鼠走迷宫获取食物的方案，（如图3所示）在迷宫的出口处放一些小白鼠喜爱的食物，将小白鼠放进迷宫入口，记录小白鼠“尝试与错误”次数。
与蚯蚓走“T”形迷宫相比，小白鼠“尝试与错误”次数要少得多，能够得出的实验结论是：_____。
该探究活动还有哪些地方需要做进一步的改进？（答出一项即可）_____。
（4）动物不会说话，它们是靠什么传递信息的呢？探究小组针对这个问题设计了一个探究蚂蚁通讯的实验，请予以完善。
步骤一：将三块小石头放在盛有少许清水的容器内，形成A、B、C三个小岛。
A、B岛与A、C岛间分别用等长的木条连接起来，形成桥①和桥②，如图4所示。
步骤二：将饥饿的蚂蚁放在A岛处，B岛放食物，C岛不放食物，让蚂蚁自由通过桥①和桥②，大多数蚂蚁爬向了B岛。
步骤三：_____。
（补充实验步骤）步骤四：完成步骤二后在不干扰蚂蚁活动的情况下给桥①滴洒香水，蚂蚁队伍出现混乱状态，短时间内不能准确走向目的地，可能的原因是_____。
33．某种金合欢有大而中空的刺，蚂蚁栖居其中，并以金合欢嫩叶尖端的珠状小体为食。
蚂蚁“侵食”金合欢，这对金合欢的生长有害吗？下表是实验小组用金合欢幼苗进行实验探究的结果。
金合欢幼苗的生长状况没有蚂蚁生活的金合欢有蚂蚁生活的金合欢10个月中的月存活率/%4372幼苗生长的高度/cm 5月25日至6月16日0→6.20→31.06月17日至8月3日6.2→10.231.0→72.9（2）分析实验数据：有蚂蚁侵食的金合欢幼苗的存活率和生长速度___（填“低于”或“高于”）没有蚂蚁侵食的金合欢幼苗。
（3）得出的结论是：__________________________________。
（4）上述实验表明，蚂蚁和金合欢共同生活在一起，相互依赖、彼此有利，这种现象叫____。
（5）自然界中多种多样的动物在维持________中起着重要的作用。
34．请你结合所学的生物学知识，回答下列问题：（1）影响开花的因素有很多，要想腊梅在夏天盛开，可以人为地控制____和光照来实现。
（2）探究小麦种子的其中一个萌发条件时，甲同学将小麦种子放在培养皿中，倒水将种子淹没一半。
乙同学对此作了改进，先在培养皿中放上润湿的卫生纸，再将种子放在润湿的卫生纸上。