高中英语高三素材[原创]高考英语知识串讲12

第12讲 一、Language points 1. be convenient to do be convenient to sb 2. to one’s taste：合某人的口味 show good taste in：对…有鉴赏力 have a/an…taste：有…的味道 taste good：吃起来很好 have a taste for/in：喜好… 3. rob sb/place of sth steal sth from sb steal sb sth 4. contribute…to…: 向…捐献(投稿) contribute to…：促成，有助于 make a contribution to/towards：向…捐献 5. as follows：如下 follow the example of：以…为榜样 6. remind sb of sth=remind sb about sth remind sb that-clause remind sb to do sth 7. A is to B what C is to D stand out start with set aside：把…置于一旁，留出，拔出 be gone/missing/lost/left 8. impress…on…: 把…印在…上 impress sb (with sth)：使某人牢记(某事) impress sth on sb：使某人铭记某事 be impressed by/at/with：被…所感动 be impressed on one’s mind/memory：被印在脑海里 9. recommand+ sb/sth to sb：向某人推荐某人或某物 sb for sth：推荐某人做(某工作) sth for…：推荐某物作(某用途) sb as…：推荐某人为… doing sth： sb to do sth 建议做某事 that-clause (should) 10. remain +adj./n./doing/to do/介词短语：仍然是，保持某种状态 It remains to be seen…：…还要看情况发展 remaining：现在分词作前置定语：the remaining three dollars =the three dollars left stay +adj.：继续处于某种状态 keep + adj. 继续处于某种状态 n. +adj/doing 11. lead to…：导致 lead…to…：把…带向… 12. differ from/with sb on/about/upon sth：跟某人在…上意见不同 make a difference：起作用，发生影响 make some/no difference：有（没有）关系或影响 二、语法专题──状语从句的考点 高考对状语从句的考查主要体现在成分的省略，时态的替代，语序的倒装以及连词的辨析四在方面。 1. 成分的省略 ①在时间、地点、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中，如果主语是it或与主句的主语一致，且谓语动词含有be时，可把从句的主语和be一起省略。 Don’t speak until (you are) spoken to. Do come to see me whenever (it is) possible. ②在比较状语从句中，可省略与主句相同的部分。 I know you more than he (knows you). Tom is two years older than Alice (is). ③as(尽管)引导让步状语从句，表语前的冠词要省略。 Hero as he is, he has shortcomings. ④其他省略。 Please drop in any time you like. Is it going to rain? If so, I’ll stay at home; but if not, we will go out. 2. 时态的替代 ①在时间、条件和让步状语从句中须用一般现在时替代一般将来时，用一般过去时替代过去将来时。 If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go fishing. Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. ②The more…the more…句型中，前句起“条件状语从句”作用，故用现在时表将来。 The harder you work, the greater progress you’ll make. ③after, before, as soon as等连词本身就暗示了时间的先后，因此可用一般过去时代替过去完成时，而不会产生时间上的混乱。 I went to bed after I (had) finished my homework. The film star (had) left before the reporter arrived. He got down to work as soon as he (had) go to the factory. 3. 语序的倒装 ①no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely/barely…when…句型中的主句常用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时，且置于句首时主句要倒装。 No sooner had he got home than it began to rain. ②so/such…that…, not until…置于句首时主句要倒装。 So angry did she feel that she couldn’t speak. Not until he told me the truth did I realize what had happened. 4. 连词的辨析。根据上下文的语意推断属于哪种状语从句，然后选择连词。 三、题型归纳——完形填空的解题要决五 把握文章脉络，识别句式特点。①把握文章脉络，偏重观点、态度，慎边读边做。我们在通通览全文的基础上，要从整体上把握文脉，找出完形填空短文的主题大意，作者的观点、态度，文章展开的线索等信息。②学好语法知识，积累句型句式。尽管高考淡化语法，注重情景，但是扎实的语法功底，良好的语感对于完形填空题是大有帮助的。 例1：It was pouring outside. We all stood there____, some patiently, others annoyed because nature messed up their hurried day. I got lost in the sound and sight of the… A. chatting B. waiting C. complaining D. talking [分析]细读全文可知，语境为外面下着倾盆大雨，我们站在那里在等雨停下来，不是在干其他事情。 例2： “Tonight was supposed to be____---- to celebrate six months. You do remember we’re engaged, don’t you?” A. normal B. sleepless C. special D. sad [分析]本篇文章谈论一对情侣的经历，该题易误选B，认为会激动得睡不着，但是结合语境可知，要庆祝订婚六个月，所以今晚应具有特殊意义。 例3：The story____ to be this: George bought a lottery ticket(彩票) a few days ago and won a prize of $500,000. A. turned up B. turned out C. turned down D. turned off [分析]考查常见句式。句意：故事证明是这样的：乔治几天前买了彩票获奖50万美元。turn out to be “结果是，证明是”，表示结果出乎意料之外，四个选项中只有turn out可接to be。 例4：Ellsworth, a patient who had suffered several failures in business, did not show much interest in painting at first. But____ the weeks went by, Swain’s visits grew more frequently . A. as B. with C. since D. had to [分析]分析语境可知，此处意为“随着时间一周一周过去”。此处不可填with，因为with后不接句子。As time went by “随着时间推移”，为我们所熟知的句式。 For some time I’ve had a church member provide me with a rose to pin on my suit every Sunday. __1__ I always got a flower on Sunday morning, I really did not__2__ much of it. It was a nice gesture that became__3__. One Sunday, however, what I considered__4__ became very special. As I was leaving the Sunday service, a little boy__5__ and said, “Sir, what are you going to do with your flower?” “Do you__6__ this?” I said, pointing to the rose pinned to my coat. He said, “Yes sir. I would like it if you are__7__ going to throw it away.” The little boy said, “Sir, I’m going to give it to my granny. My mother and father got_8__ last year. I was living with my mother, but I could not__9__, so she sent me to live with my grandmother. She has been so good to me that I want to give that pretty flower to her for__10__ me.” When the little boy finished I could hardly__11__. My eyes filled with tears and I knew I had been touched in the__12__ of my soul. I reached up and__13__ my flower. With the flower in my hand, I looked at the boy and