非谓语动词作宾补的用法

Unit 6 English Food: Grammar Object complements

Time: April 3rd Teacher: Zhu Zhouyue Class: Class4, Senior 2 Teaching aim:

Master the different usage of the infinitive, the present participle and the past participle as the objective complements.

Teaching methods:

Inductive Method, Practice

Teaching procedures:

Step1 Revision and Lead in

Revise the general difference between the infinitive, the present participle and the past participle that we have learnt.

Look at the following sentences, and find out the object complements in them and try to make comparison.

a.Don’t make me do this or that. I’m too busy.

b.The teacher told us not to read in the sun.

c.I saw her dancing happily in the classroom.

d.The manager wanted the letter typed at onc

e.

Today we are going to learn more details about the usage of the infinitive, the present participle and the past participle as the objective complements.

Step2 Grammar

非谓语动词作宾语补足语的用法及区别

一、不定式作宾补

1．常见的接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词：tell, ask, want, teach, allow, expect, get,

等。其否定形式在不定式前加not。作宾补的动词所表示的动作发生在这些动词之后。如：

a. My mother often tells me to study hard at school.

b. Mr. Feng asked us not to play too many computer games at home.

c. I want you to teach me how to learn English well.

2．常见的接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要是一些表示感觉的动词一感：feel 二听：hear, listen to

三让：let, make, have 四看：see, watch, notice, observe

半帮助: help help sb. to do / do sth.

此时不定式（短语）表示的动作发生在感觉动词之前，事情的全部过程已经结束。

例如：a. Did you hear me sing a song last night?

b. He saw a girl get on the bus.

其次还有几个使役动词make，have，let等。这时宾补表示的动作发生在使役动词之后。

c. Please let me help you clean / to clean the windows.

d. Oh, please don’t make the baby cry again.

注意：含不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的句子变成被动语态时，要把to加回，例如：

a. I heard her sing yesterday. —— She was heard to sing yesterday by me.

b. He made me laugh. —— I was made to laugh by him.

二、V-ing形式作宾补

V-ing形式作宾补，表示动作的过程，即动作正在进行，尚未结束。宾语与宾补之间是主动的逻辑主谓关系。它主要是用在下列两类动词之后。

1．感觉动词，主要有see，hear，watch，observe，notice，feel，find，catch，look at，listen to等。如：

a. Don’t make any noise! Don’t you see the child sleeping?

b. I hear someone knocking at the door. Please go and see who it is.

c. He saw a girl getting on the bus.

2．使役动词，主要有have，get，leave，keep，start，send，set等。如：

a. I’m sorry to keep you waiting for a long time.

b. It was so cold that the travelers had the fire burning all the night.

三、V-ed形式作宾补

V-ed形式作宾补，着重动作完成，表明动作的结果，它与宾语之间是被动的逻辑主谓关系。它主要是用在下列两类动词之后。

1．表示感觉和心理状态的动词，主要有hear，see，find，notice，feel，watch，like，think等。如：

a. He saw the thief caught by the police yesterday.

b. She was glad to see her child taken good care of.

2．表示"致使"意义的使役动词，主要有get，have，make，keep，leave等。如：

a. I’m gong to have my hair cut.

b. You’d better have that bad tooth pulled out.

Step 3注意几种习惯用法：

1.see, watch, notice, look at, observe; hear, listen to; feel ; + sb

①+ do 作宾补，表示事情全过程或一次性动作，该动作已完成。表示一个事实。

②+ doing 作宾补，表示一个正在进行和发生的动作，尚未结束。具有一定的描述性。

③+ done作宾补，sb跟done 之间是被动关系。

He saw a girl get on the bus.

He saw a girl getting on the bus.

He saw a thief caught by the police.