美国文明 宪法修改背景等

背景：

1787年制定的宪法没有把独立宣言和当时一些州宪法中所肯定的民主权利包括在内,遭到广大人民群众的强烈反对后来在资产阶级民主派的压力下和1789年法国资产阶级革命的影响下,美国国会于1789年9月25日通过10条宪法修正案,作为美国宪法的补充条款,并于1791年12月15日得到当时9个州批准开始生效这10条修正案通称权利法案

The constitution made in 1787 did not include the democratic rights approved by the declaration of independence and at that time some state constitution, which was strongly against later .Then under the pressure of the Democrats of the Bourgeois and The French bourgeois revolution, in September 25, 1789, the United States congress added 10 amendments to the constitution, as the constitution of the United States supplementary terms. And in 15 December 1791 they were approved and came into effect by nine states .This 10 amendment made up the bill of rights

当美国宪法草案提交各州立法机构批准时,有些人提出了宪法无法保障人民基本权利的疑虑对此,支持宪法草案的联邦党人向美国人民保证,将会在第一届国会会期时在宪法中加入权利法案

在宪法获批准后第一届国会开会大多数议员支持权利法案应该被提出,而有关的权利也应该在宪法中受到保护起草权利法案的任务就落到了詹姆斯·麦迪逊的身上麦迪逊在弗吉尼亚权利法案的基础上开始着手进行权利法案的起草工作人们也同意,权利法案将会以宪法修正案的形式被加入到宪法中去,以避免再次进行冗长的宪法批准过程1789年最初有12条修正案被提出,但其中2条未能通过1791年12月15日,其余的10条修正案获得通过,成为现在所称的权利法案

When the draft constitution of the United States was submitted, some people put forward the doubt that the constitution can't protect people's basic rights. The federalists who supported the draft constitution assured that bill of rights will be added to in the first congressional session. In the first meeting, most members of congress supported that a bill of rights should be put forward, and the related rights in the constitution should also be protected. The task of drafting the bill of rights fell to James Madison; Madison started drafting based on the bill of rights of Virginia. People also agreed that the bill of rights will be added to the constitution in the form of a constitutional amendment, in order to avoid another lengthy constitution approval process. And in 1789, 12 amendments were proposed, but 2 of them failed. On December 15, 1791, the rest of the 10 amendments were approved, now called bill of rights