高考英语阅读理解试题类型及其解题技巧

高考英语阅读理解试题类型及其解题技巧

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

Robots make me nervous—especially the ones which seem to think for themselves. I was embarrassed to admit this till I heard that Bill Gates, the founder of Microsoft, felt the same way. Gates said in an interview with the social networking and news website Reddit: "I am in the camp that is concerned about super intelligence. First the machines will do a lot of jobs for us and not be super intelligent．That should be positive if we manage well. A few decades after that, though, the intelligence is strong enough to be a concern."

Well, maybe I don't have to worry about my computer and kitchen equipment yet. After I use them I can always pull the plug. But in the future, machines might find a way to prevent us from switching them off. There's a terrible thought!

Maybe the problem with computers too clever for us is not that they are evil like some we've seen in sci-fi movies. What could put us in danger is that they might be too efficient. That's what philosopher Nick Bostrom from Oxford University believes. He says that machines are indifferent to humans and in pursuit of their own goals，the destruction of people might be just additional damage. Bostrom gives us an example: A machine which might have its only goal to produce as many paperclips as possible might look at human bodies as extra material for paperclips and go after you. Because it is, well, a machine, it would not take pity on you.

It's a good thing that American writer Isaac Asimov thought about how far robots can go and left us his three rules of robotics. They state that a robot may not hurt a human being or allow the human being to come to harm.

I'm glad my machines at home are "dumb". All my cleaner wants to take over is the carpet in my living room. Let's hope they don't create an appliance which wants to take over the world!（1）The author quoted Bill Gates' words in Paragraph 2 in order to make the text________.

A. better-known

B. more persuasive

C. better-organized

D. more interesting

（2）An intelligent paperclip machine would harm us because _______.

A. it is much cleverer than us

B. it would take over the world

C. it has the strong feeling of destroying us

D. it would see us just as material

（3）How does the author feel about Isaac Asimov's rules of robotics?

A. Optimistic

B. Worried

C. Disappointed

D. Regretful

（4）What does the text mainly focus on?

A. The benefits of future robots.

B. The new applications of robots.

C. The concern for super intelligence.

D. The popularity of robots in the future.

【答案】（1）B

（2）D

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了智能机器人可能给人类带来伤害以及美国作家Isaac Asimov为此制定了三条机器人规则，作者旨在引起人们对智能机器人的关注。

（1）考查推理判断。因为比尔盖茨是一个名人，他的观点更有说服力，所以作者才会引用他说的话，让别人更加相信他的观点。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“A machine which might have its only goal to produce as many paperclips as possible might look at human bodies as extra material for paperclips and go after you.”可知智能的paperclip machine会把人类当成是加工材料而伤害人类。故选D。（3）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“It's a good thing that American writer Isaac Asimov thought about how far robots can go and left us his three rules of robotics.”可知作者认为Isaac Asimov所制定的机器人规则是好事情，说明他对此持乐观的态度。故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据主题段第一段可知人们对于人工智能，尤其是机器人的迅速发展持有谨慎的态度，认为人工智能的过快发展会影响到人类的未来。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

Three boys were enjoying themselves in their hometown of Bovina, Mississippi .However, their lives were turned upside down when they discovered the jawbone of a Mastodon (齿乳象).

Brothers Shawn and Caid Sellers and cousin Michael Mahalitc found the prehistoric bone in a piece of earth that was recently plowed (犁、耕)."I thought it was a log," Caid said. "I tried to pick it up and it was really heavy and I saw teeth on it." The bone weighed about 50 pounds. They eventually got the bone to their home and fitted it in their tub (浴盆), but it took their collective strength, might and a golf cart, to carry the large Mastodon bone.

"They didn't expect to find that," Michael's mom said. "Now that they have, I believe that they will be more aware of their surroundings and what they're digging up when they are digging and playing."

"We've gotten a lot of petrified (石化的) wood and Civil War relics from the area and that's what I thought it was," the brothers' mother said. "This is our first set of teeth we've found. So we thought it was their imagination. We were quite surprised to see that it was not their imagination."

They were exploring near the brothers' home. Lo and behold (真想不到), they saw what they thought resembled a fossil. It was the curator of paleontology (古生物负责人) of the Mississippi Museum of Natural Science, George Phillips, who first identified the bone as a "very mature individual."

The Mastodon was a mammal who lived during the prehistoric times. They had long tusks and trunks, like elephants. They were clearly different from their modern-day counterparts, as well as woolly mammoths (猛犸).

（1）How did they find the jawbone of a Mastodon?

A. With great efforts.

B. By chance.

C. Instructed by an expert.

D. Through imagination.

（2）At first the brothers' mother thought the jawbone was .

A. from people who died in the Civil War

B. the bone from a very mature individual

C. like a log or something

D. the prehistoric bone

（3）The discovery of the jawbone of a Mastodon is important mainly because it .

A. helps people to know more about the Civil War

B. teaches kids to be more aware of their surroundings

C. promotes the research on more prehistoric creatures

D. attracts the Mississippi Museum of Natural Science

（4）Which of the following can be the best title for the article?

A. Prehistoric Bones Recently Found in Mississippi

B. Not Petrified Wood Nor Civil War Relics

C. First Identifying Bone as a "Very Mature Individual"

D. Unexpectedly Discovering Mastodon Jawbone

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，美国密西西比的三个男孩在玩耍的时候无意中发现了齿乳象的颚骨，起初他们并不知道这是史前生物的遗骸，所发现的遗骸对史前生物的研究有较强的促进作用。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段“Three boys were enjoying themselves in their hometown of Bovina, Mississippi .However, their lives were turned upside down when they discovered the jawbone of a Mastodon (齿乳象).”可知他们是在玩耍的时候无意中发现齿乳象的颚骨的。故选B。

（2）考查判断推理。根据第四段中的“We've gotten a lot of petrified (石化的) wood and Civil War relics from the area and that's what I thought it was”可知之前他们曾经发现过一些石化的木材以及内战时的遗物，所以他的母亲认为这次他们发现的还是内战里死亡的人的遗物。故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“ It was the curator of paleontology (古生物负责人) of the Mississippi Museum of Natural Science, George Phillips, who first identified the bone as a ‘very mature individual.’”“可知齿乳象的颚骨的发现可以促进对史前生物的研究。故选C。（4）考查主旨大意。本文是一篇记叙文，美国密西西比的三个男孩在玩耍的时候无意中发现了史前巨物齿乳象的颚骨，起初他们并不知道这是史前生物的遗骸，所发现的遗骸对史前生物的研究有较强的促进作用。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

In the future those who are taking care of old people may get help from the house itself.

Over the last few years, new technology, such as the Internet, Wi-Fi and flat TV screens, has changed our homes and the way that we live. Now, another technology revolution is happening.

A new project at the University of Hertfordshire wants to create a home that monitors people living in it who are elderly.

The researchers have developed a wristband device（装置）which helps us to watch the elderly person who is wearing it. The device collects information to see if the person has fallen or has wandered away from where he or she should be.

The assisted-living project is part of the university's wider Interhome project, which is the development of a smart house. The house remembers the habits of the person who lives there and it uses very low amounts of energy. The Interhome team hope that offering this service will help take care of the elderly. They say, "It's very important that these technologies are there to help and support and not replace any of the existing services."

The Interhome is not just a research method. It's also a way for students from different scientific backgrounds to learn and develop technology. The university uses the latest technology to help students get experience by developing new hardware and software themselves. The team includes design, engineering and computer science students working together.

"We are working on a smart-home project in Watford with some companies at the moment," says the project leader. "We are looking at how a smart home can provide even more services." This could help millions of old people around the world have a better and safer life in the future.（1）The wristband device benefits its users by .

A. changing the living habits of the elderly

B. monitoring people who live in a smart home

C. offering information to the person wearing it

D. watching over the elderly who may fall or get lost

（2）Whom does the University of Hertfordshire have in its research team?

A. Students who want to find a job eagerly.

B. Students who prefer to work on their own.

C. Students from different scientific backgrounds.

D. Students with a lot of rich working experience.

（3）What is the project leader's attitude towards the future of the smart home project?

A. Uncertain.

B. Uninterested.

C. Optimistic.

D. Disappointed.（4）What might be the main idea of the passage?

A. A wristband device has changed the way that we live.

B. A smart home helps students develop hardware and software.

C. An Interhome project has been put into use to help the elderly.

D. An Interhome project will help the old live a better and safer life.

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，将来那些照顾老人的人可能会得到帮助。研究人员开发了一种腕带装置帮助我们关注戴着它的老人。Interhome团队希望提供这项服务将有助于照顾老人。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“ The device collects information to see if the perso n has fallen or has wandered away from where he or she should be”可知该装置是收集老人是否摔

倒；是否走失之类的信息。故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“ The team includes design engineering and computer science. Science students working together”可知该研究队成员包括设计部学生，工程部学生，计算机科学部学生;这些学生共同努力研制。可以推知：成员来自不同科技背景的学生。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“This could help millions of old people around the world have a better and safer life in the future”可知项目部领导对“智能家庭”项目的态度是很乐观的。故选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的“Now, another technology revolution is happening”可知现在这款新科技将要改变生活。本文主要讲的是一款新科技要帮助老人过上更好的生活，而不是“帮学生研发硬件和软件”。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

Little New Year (Chinese: Xiaonian), usually a week before the lunar New Year, falls on Feb 8 this year. It is also known as the Festival of the Kitchen God, the deity(神) who oversees the moral character of each household. Here are six things you should know about the Little New Year, another sign of the start of spring.

⒈Offer sacrifices to Kitchen God

One of the most distinctive traditions of the Little New Year is the burning of a paper image of the Kitchen God, who will report on the family's conduct over the past year. The offerings to the Kitchen God include pig's head, fish, sweet bean paste, melons, fruit, boiled dumplings, barley sugar, and Guandong candy, a sticky treat made out of glutinous millet and sprouted wheat. Most of the offerings are sweets of various varieties. It is thought that this will seal the Kitchen God's mouth and encourage him to only say good things about the family when he ascends to heaven to make his report.

⒉House cleaning

According to Chinese folk beliefs, during the last month of the year ghosts and deities must choose either to return to Heaven or to stay on Earth. It is believed that in order to ensure the ghosts and deities' timely departure people must thoroughly clean both their persons and their houses, down to every last drawer and cupboard.

⒊Eat Guandong candy

Guandong candy, a sticky treat made out of glutinous millet and sprouted wheat, is a traditional snack that Chinese people eat on the Festival of the Kitchen God.

⒋Paste paper-cuts to windows

In the Little New Year, old couplets and paper-cuts from the previous Spring Festival are taken down, and new window decorations, New Year's posters, and auspicious(吉利的) decorations are pasted up.

⒌Bath and hair-cut

As the old Chinese saying goes, whether they're rich or poor, people often have a haircut before the Spring Festival. The activity of taking bath and haircut is often taken on the Little New Year.

⒍Preparations for Spring Festival

People start to stock up necessary provisions for the Spring Festival since the Little New Year. Everything needed to make offerings to the ancestors, entertain guests, and feed the family over the long holiday must be purchased in advance.

（1）What is the most unusual tradition in the Little New Year?

A. Offering sacrifices to the Kitchen God

B. Burning paper image of Kitchen God

C. Preparing the necessity for the New Year

D. Cleaning house and people themselves

（2）What is the Kitchen God's duty in the man's world?

A. Collecting the information of the man's world

B. Protecting the character of each home

C. Gathering sacrifices for other Gods in heaven

D. Overseeing the moral people in the world （3）Why are most of the offerings sweets?

A. Because the Kitchen God loves sweet foods.

B. As it is the traditional customs.

C. As people hope the God says good for them.

D. Because sweets are the best sacrifices.（4）Which of the following statements is probably TRUE according to the passage?

A. Little New Year always falls in February.

B. House cleaning is to welcome the New Year.

C. In the Little New Year only paper-cuts are pasted up.

D. People will make full preparations for the coming New Year.

【答案】（1）B

（2）D

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍中国Little New Year的六种民间习俗，“小年”也预示着春季的开始。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“One of the most distinctive traditions of the Little New Year is the burning of a paper image of the Kitchen God,”可知，小年夜最与众不同的传统之一是烧灶神像。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“it is also known as the Festival of the Kitchen God, the deity(神) who oversees the moral character of e ach household.”可知，灶神在人间的职责是监管各家各户。故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“It is thought that this will seal the Kitchen God's mouth and encourage him to only say good things about the family when he ascends to heaven to make his report.”可知，人们用甜品贡灶神是为了让灶神替他们在天上美言。故选C。

（4）考查细节理解。根据第一段“…falls on Feb 8 this year.”可知A项不正确，根据第三段中的“It is believed that in order to ensure the ghosts and deities' timely departure people must thoroughly clean…”可知B项不正确，根据第五段可知C项不正确，根据最后一段可知D项正确，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

A bunch of strangers showed up at the gym in the early morning of the last Sunday of April. A few athletes were already stretching their arms, but most of us could barely focus. As I was burning off last night's wrong decision—a big meal, I spotted a poster about a gym's 21-day workout challenge, and I immediately signed up. I always wanted to train for a marathon, so I considered this as my warm-up. Besides, I needed to stop being lazy and this was my chance to make a change.

It was easy to promise on paper, but three weeks of recommended exercise routines and diet restrictions wouldn't be easy. I stuck to working out 30 minutes a day, and I didn't disturb my normal routine. Instead, I had to be faced with the tough work of being more creative in my spare time, thus breaking some bad habits.

Overcoming weaknesses with willpower was my goal for the next part of the journey. But the difficult part about making a challenge is realizing that "wanting" and "doing" are two very different things. Just like a career, you have to physically work for it rather than just wait for it to happen. But that's hard. Throughout the 21 days, I often told myself that the challenge was meaningless and tried to sabotage myself from exercising. However, finally I overcame that negative thought and kept working out.

At the end of the challenge, I learned something even more important: Feeling the results is better than seeing them. I had fewer headaches and more energy, and was simply happier. I even felt a little smarter as I researched which foods were better for my body, and learned how to make healthier meals. I felt a sense of accomplishment, too, because even though I wanted to give up dozens of times, I didn't. I felt my waist got smaller and my arms got stronger, and I no longer felt guilty after having a piece of cake or a drink.

（1）What was the author's wrong decision?

A. Going to the gym early.

B. Training for a marathon.

C. Eating a lot the previous night.

D. Stopping being lazy for a change.

（2）What is paragraph 2 mainly about?

A.Some of the author's bad habits.

B.Some ways of the author's killing his spare time.

C.The importance of sticking to the normal daily routine.

D.The difficulty of the author's keeping on with the workout plan.

（3）What does the underlined word "sabotage" in paragraph 3 probably mean?

A.Prevent.

B.Hear.

C.Improve.

D.Distinguish.

（4）What did the author learn from the workout challenge?

A.Eating healthy food is more important than exercising.

B.Overcoming a challenge could bring good feelings to him.

C.It's more important to see what he likes than just feel it.

D.There was no need to feel guilty about things he disliked to do.

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，一张宣传健身锻炼的海报让作者开始马拉松的热身。虽然三个星期的锻炼计划和饮食限制是很难坚持的，但是作者坚持每天锻炼。最后，锻炼给作者带来了好心情。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“As I was burning off last night's wrong decision—a big meal, I spotted a poster about a gym's 21-day workout challenge”可知，昨晚我做了一个错误的决定：吃了一顿大餐。因此作者的错误决定是前一天晚上吃得很多。故选C。

（2）考查段落大意。根据第二段中的“It was easy to promise on paper, but three weeks of recommended exercise routines and diet restrictions wouldn't be easy.”可知，将承诺写在纸上是很容易的，但是坚持三个星期的锻炼和饮食限制并不容易。因此该段的主要内容是作者坚持锻炼计划的困难。故选D。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“Throughout the 21 days, I often told myself that the challenge was meaningless and tried to sabotage myself from exercising.”中的and前后两句是承接关系，and前面说的是“在这21天里，我经常告诉自己，挑战是没有意义的。” 由“However, finally I overcame that negative thought and kept working out.”可知，然而我终于克服了这种消极的想法继续锻炼。however前后的内容是转折关系。因此可以推断出and后面的内容是“不想再锻炼下去”，故选A。

（4）考查细节理解。根据第四段的“At the end of the challenge, I learned something even more important: I had fewer headaches and more energy, and was simply happier. I even felt a little sma rter …I felt a sense of accomplishment…I felt my waist got smaller and my arms got stronger, and I no longer felt guilty after having a piece of cake or a drink.”可知，在锻炼的最后我头痛少了，精力充沛了，而且更快乐。我甚至觉得自己更聪明了也有一种成就感，我觉得我的腰变小了，胳膊变壮了，吃了一块蛋糕或一杯饮料后，我不再感到内疚。因此作者感受到了克服运动挑战能给他带来好心情。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

Last year, when our three-year-old great-granddaughter Kylie was taken to see Santa Claus, she made sure to give him her wish list of toys. A week later, she ran into a different Santa in a mall. He stopped to ask what she wanted for Christmas. Kylie was surprised and let him know: “If you can't remember what I told you last week, how are you going to remember on Christmas Eve?”

Mary Paul, Milwaukee, Wisconsin

As my son Mike and I drove to the mall, we passed a Salvation Army Santa ringing his bell. “Mike,” I said, “there's Santa!” He shook his head. “That's just some guy in a Santa suit,” he said. It saddened me to think that maybe my son no longer believed in Santa, and we drove the rest of the way in silence. At the mall, we spotted another Santa greeting young believers. Suddenly, Mike took off toward him. Turning back to me, he shouted. “Now, there's the real Santa!”

Michael E. Fahey, Huntley, Illinois

We immigrated to America from China when I was six. Because I was shy and didn't speak English, I had few friends. My days were spent at home with my brother. Sometimes we'd help our neighbor Mr. Mueller pull weeds. One Christmas Day, there was a knock at the door. Grandma opened it, and there stood a big fellow in red with a snow-white beard, laughing, “Ho, ho, ho!” He handed out presents and made us laugh. I had so much fun. It was years later when I learned that our special Santa was our neighbor Mr. Mueller.

Joanne Tang, Litchfield Park, Arizona

（1）Why was Kylie surprised when running into a different Santa?

A. Because she got what she wished.

B. Because she knew who the Santa was.

C. Because she wished to get another toy.

D. Because she thought they were the same Santa.（2）What would Mike's parent feel as to Mike's different attitudes towards Santa?

A. Angry.

B. Sad.

C. Confused.

D. Understandable.

（3）What did Mr. Mueller do on Christmas Day?

A. He stood outside our house.

B. He gave out gifts by acting as Santa.

C. He continued to pull weeds.

D. He stayed with us in our home.

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）B

【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了三个人的圣诞节经历。

(1)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“A week later, she ran into a different Santa in a mall. He stopped to ask what she wanted for Christmas. Kylie was surprised and let him know: ‘If you can't remember what I told you last week, how are you going to remember on Christmas Eve?!’”可知，当Kylie遇到另一个圣诞老人时，她感到很惊讶，因为她认为他们是同一个圣诞老人。故选D。

(2)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“That's just some guy in a Santa suit,” he said. It saddened me to think that maybe my son no longer believed in Santa, and we drove the rest of the way in silence. At the mall, we spotted another Santa greeting young believers. Suddenly, Mike took off toward him. Turning back to me, he shouted. ‘Now, there's the real Santa!’”可知，迈克遇到一个圣诞老人，他认为这个只是穿着圣诞老人的一个人而已；但在商场，碰到另一个圣诞老人，他却认为这个是真的，所以推知父母对迈克对圣诞老人的态度感到疑惑。故选C。(3)考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“He handed out presents and made us laugh. I had so much fun. It was years later when I learned that our special Santa was our neighbor Mr. Mueller.”可知，在圣诞节Mr. Mueller以圣诞老人的身份送出礼物。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需

要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

Some houses are designed to be smart. Others have smart designs. An example of the second type of house won an Award of Excellence from the American Institute of Architects.

Located on the shore of Sullivan's Island off the coast of South Carolina, the award-winning cube-shaped beach house was built to replace one smashed to pieces by Hurricane（飓风）Hugo 10 years ago. Before Hugo, many new houses built along South Carolina's shoreline were poorly constructed, and enforcement of building rules wasn't strict, according to architect Ray Huff, who created the cleverly-designed beach house. Soon after Hugo, all new shoreline houses are required to meet stricter, better-enforced rules. The new beach house on Sullivan's Island should be able to withstand a Level 3 hurricane with peak winds of 179 to 209 kilometers per hour.

At first sight, the house on Sullivan's Island looks anything but hurricane-proof. Its redwood shell makes it resemble “a large party lantern (灯笼)” at night, according to one observer. But looks can be misleading. The house's wooden frame is reinforced with long steel rods to give it extra strength.

To further protect the house from hurricane damage. Huff raised it 2.7 meters off the ground

on timber pilings－long, slim wood pieces anchored deep in the sand. Pilings might appear insecure, but they are strong enough to support the weight of the house. They also raise the house above storm waves. The pilings allow the waves to run under the house instead of running into it. 'These waves come ashore at terrible speeds and cause most of the damage done to beach-front buildings,” said Huff.

Huff designed the timber pilings to be partially hidden by the house's ground-to-roof shell. “The shell mask s the pilings so that the house doesn't look like it's standing with its pant legs (裤腿) pulled up,” said Huff. In the event of a storm, the shell should break apart and let the waves rush under the house, the architect explained.

（1）After the Hurricane Hugo, new houses built along South Carolina's shore line are required .

A. to be easily reinforced

B. to meet stricter building standards

C. to look smarter in design

D. to be designed in the shape of cubes

（2）Why is the award-winning beach house strong and hurricane-proof?

A. It is in the shape of a shell.

B. It is made of redwood.

C. It is strengthened by steel rods.

D. It is built with timber and concrete.

（3）What's the purpose of Huff raising the house 2.7 meters off the ground on timber pilings?

A. To anchor stronger pilings deep in the sand.

B. To prevent water from rushing into the house.

C. To withstand peak winds of about 200 km/hr.

D. To make the house look more hurricane-proof.

（4）According the last paragraph, the main function of the shell is .

A. to give the house a better appearance

B. to strengthen the pilings of the house

C. to protect the wooden frame of the house

D. to slow down the speed of the big waves 【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，位于南卡罗来纳州海岸的沙利文岛海滨一座玲珑的小屋以其独特的设计获得大奖。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Soon after Hugo, all new shorel ine houses are required to meet stricter, better-enforced rules.”可知在飓风造成严重的人员伤亡和巨大的损失后，新建房屋应该符合严格的建筑规定。故选B。

(2)考查细节理解。根据第三和第四段的内容可知，沙文岛上的建筑获奖了。而沙利文岛上的房子乍一看不像是抗飓风的。但外表可能会误导人。房子的木制框架用长的钢棒加固，以赋予它额外的强度。为了进一步保护房屋免受飓风破坏。在地面上树起2.7米高的木头桩，深深地扎在沙子里。它们足够坚固，足以支撑房屋的重量。飓风来临时波浪在房子下面运行，却不会冲进房子。由知可见，沙文岛上的房子抗飓风就是由于钢棒的支撑。故选C。

(3)考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“The structure allows the waves to run under the house instead of running into it．”可判断出，之所以这么做的目的是防止大水冲入房屋中，故选B。

(4)考查细节理解。第四段内容可知房屋是建在木桩上的。最后一段内容为：Huff设计的木桩被房子从地面到屋顶的贝壳所隐藏，贝壳遮盖了木桩，这样房子看起来就比原来房屋的外观好看多了，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，结合题目要求，选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

Mexico sites on an island plateau (高原) surrounded by volcanic peaks, which makes air quality a constant concern for people who live there.

In April, the country took a decisive step toward improving air quality by enacting a temporary ban on private and Federal vehicles in the city. The rule forbids people from driving in the city one day each week and one Saturday each month. Electric vehicles, government service vehicles, public transport options and school buses are not included in the ban.

Mexico City isn't the first urban center to be involved in car-free living. But the ban is more than an awareness-raiser. It was enacted with the direct aim of solving air pollution. In March, the city sank into a deep brown haze of smog when the pollution levels passed the 200 mark. The city ordered some 1.1m of the area's 4.7m cars off the streets and also offered free bus and subway rides.

Mexico City's temporary vehicle ban raises questions about the best ways to improve urban air

quality. India, whose citizens breathe some of the world's dirtiest air, has tried a variety of solutions. Earlier this year, the Indian government started a 4% sales tax on new-car purchases. Beijing also has experience with cleaning the air. The city introduced alternate-day rules in advance of the 2008 Olympic Games, which produced good results. And then there is the London congestion (拥挤) charge, introduced in 2003. The charge has had a measurable effect on air quality.

For now, Mexico City — named by the United Nations as the most polluted city on the planet in 1992 — can look forward to the start of the region's rainy season, when daily showers will help lo clean the air.

（1）How did Mexico ban vehicles in the city?

A. By banning private and Federal vehicles one day a week.

B. By forbidding private and public vehicles every Saturday.

C. By limiting the number of new cars.

D. By prohibiting the vehicles except public ones.（2）What did the government of Mexico do when carrying out the ban on vehicles?

A. Raised the number of public vehicles.

B. Offered free bus and subway rides.

C. Introduced more travel options.

D. Encouraged citizens to leave the city.

（3）What may contribute to improving the air quality in Mexico?

A. Alternate-day rules.

B. Tax rises.

C. Congestion charge.

D. The rainy season.（4）What's the best title for the passage?

A. Mexico —an Island Plateau

B. A Variety of Bans on Vehicles in Mexico

C. Should Cities Be Car-free Zones

D. How to Improve Air Quality

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，墨西哥墨西哥政府为了提高空气质量，在实施车辆禁令时提供免费巴士和地铁。他们希望城市应该是无车区。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“In April, the country took a decisive step toward improving air quality by enacting a temporary ban on private and Federal vehicles in the city. The rule forbids people from driving in t he city one day each week and one Saturday each month.”可知，墨西哥是通过每周有一天禁止私人和联邦车辆来禁止车辆进入城市的。故选A。

(2)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The city ordered some 1.1m of the area's 4.7m cars off the streets and also offered free bus and subway rides.”可知，墨西哥政府在实施车辆禁令时提供免费巴士和地铁。故选B。

(3)考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段最中的“The charge has had a measurable effect on air quality.”可知，拥挤费有助于改善墨西哥的空气质量。故选D。

(4)考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“For now, Mexico City — named by the United Nations as the most polluted city on the planet in 1992 — can look forward to the start of the region's rainy season, when daily showers will help lo clean the air.”可知，城市应该是无车区。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅

读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

Given the recent interest in green buildings in the media, let's think differently. Instead of focusing on increasing the supply of energy, what if we focus on reducing demand?

Can we start with ending the open-door practice of street-front shops? While cool air from these shops is refreshing to pedestrians, it carries a cost. Energy is used in the air conditioning process.

So it must be possible to look for changes in regulations that would encourage more energy-saving designs. For instance, if we fix ceiling fans, air-conditioning homes could surely be avoided for part of the year. Ceiling fans use far less energy. They were in a year air conditioners could stay if ceiling fans were fixed.

In homes built under the small-house policy in New Territories, the ceiling may be too low for ceiling fans. If the 9-meter maximum building height regulation were relaxed, ceiling fans could be fixed to reduce energy use. Current thinking in sustainable building design and operation involves integrated(协调统一的) design, that is, bring together all parties to create a building with better performance that achieves energy reduction.

For integrated design to succeed, all parties must come together and think beyond each person's circle of influence. Better solutions are impossible to avoid with integrated design. Buildings would no longer be engineered after the basic architecture was built. Positive project outcomes may include reduced air-conditioning load, reduced power use for electric lighting, and a reduction in the amount of materials used.

We need to ask if we are ready to look beyond our own small circles and seek an improved approach to building design. By that I mean an integrated design resulting in more sustainable buildings.

（1）What's the author's attitude towards the open-door practice of the street shops? A. Supportive. B. Disapproving. C. Optimistic. D. Uncaring.

（2）Why does the author suggest fixing ceiling fans?

A. To follow an old practice.

B. To help reduce energy use.

C. To completely replace air conditioners.

D. To help cut down on daily expenses.

（3）What's the key to making sustainable buildings a reality?

A. All parties should get started at the same time.

B. The basic architecture should be finished first.

C. Proper design and performance to achieve energy reduction.

D. Seeking the small-house policy and some successful architects.

（4）What would be the best title for the text?

A. Waste less, live better

B. Goodbye, air conditioning

C. How to reduce the energy cost

D. Green buildings call for integrated design

【答案】（1）B

（2）B

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文属于议论文。作者认为街边商店开放空调的做法虽然给人以凉爽的空气，但却浪费了大量的能源。所以他鼓励节能的集成设计，即在住宅建成前统一设计，安装吊扇，减少空调的负荷及照明用电等能源。

（1）推理判断题。根据第二段Can we start with ending the open-door practice of street-front shops? While cool air from these shops is refreshing to pedestrians, it carries a cost. Energy is used in the air conditioning process.可知，作者认为虽然这些商店的凉爽空气给行人提神，但open-door practice却带来了成本，在空调降低温度过程中消耗了能量。可知是持不赞成的态度的。故答案选B项。

（2）细节理解题。根据第三段if we fix ceiling fans, air-conditioning homes could surely be avoided for part of the year. Ceiling fans use far less energy. 如果我们按装吊扇，空调住宅一年中大部分时间可不用空调。吊扇使用的能量要少得多。由此可知建议安吊扇是因为能减少能源的使用。故答案选B项。

（3）推理判断题。根据第5 段为了使集成设计成功，各方必须团结起。找出更好的解决方案。这种恰当的正确的设计结果，可以减少空调负荷，减少电力照明用电，减少使用材料的数量。（Positive project outcomes may include reduced air-conditioning load, reduced power use for electric lighting, and a reduction in the amount of materials used. ）故答案C符合题意。故答案选C项。

（4）主旨大意题。作者认为商店开放空调导致能源的浪费，所以倡导在住宅区安装吊扇的节能环保的做法。这就需要要建筑房屋前统一的综合的集成设计，才能有一个可持续的节约的环保绿色的建筑。因此本文最好的标题是绿色建筑呼唤集成设计。故D项符合题意。【点评】主旨大意阅读理解题解题技巧：抓住文章段落大意，概括中心思想

寻找整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在寻找具体段落中心的基础上的。各段落中心句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。在这个过程中，考生们不能只依据只言片语、一枝一节，或光看文章的某一些段落，而应该观察全文的结构安排；理解文章浓墨重笔写的“重心”；考虑文章的组织材料及支撑性细节是服务于什么的；分析故事的发展结局都是围绕什么内容来表达中心的；最后用简明扼要的文字将文章的中心思想表达出来。

10．阅读理解

Dear Mr.ing,

I'm Bob Watson, one of the customers in your grocery store. I'm writing to express my idea about your goods.

Your Supermart is outstanding in many ways. First I enjoy the selection of produce and fresh bakery items. Second your low prices and excellent customer service keep me coming back to Supermart. I have found, however, that I must make a separate shopping trip to one of your competitors because there are many items your store does not carry. This becomes inconvenient for me, as my time is valuable, and I don't like to make two trips. I have been a long time Supermart shopper and hope to continue for many years. If I could find all the items I need in one

place, I would be a more satisfied customer.

Specifically, I have never been able to purchase nacho cheese soup at your store. I can find other flavors (味道) of soup, but your store does not carry nacho cheese soup, a common ingredient (原料) in many of my recipes. In addition, I can only find large wonton wrappers, while many other stores carry both large and small and offer a more varied selection for their customers. Another example is Regent Brand Chili Seasoning. Though it is not a leading brand, it is still common on the shelves of other grocery stores in this area and is superior in flavor to its competitors.

I sincerely hope to continue a relationship with your store, and I hope that you will consider the possibility of expanding your goods to be more competitive.

Yours truly,

Bob Watson

（1）From the letter, we can learn that the author is ________.

A.a very picky reporter

B.a regular customer of the store

C.a responsible nutritionist

D.a competitor of the store

（2）How does the author present his point in Paragraph 2?

A.By comparing two different stores.

B.By analyzing the figures.

C.By providing scientific findings.

D.By giving examples.

（3）According to Bob, the grocery store ________.

A.offers good customer service

B.is outstanding in every way

C.meets all his needs

https://www.360docs.net/doc/f910955793.html,cks convenient transportation

【答案】（1）B

（2）D

（3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一封书信。杂货店的常客Bob Watson写信表达了对杂货店里的产品的看法。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“ Second your low prices and excellent customer service keep me coming back to Supermarket”你们的低价和优质的顾客服务使我经常光顾你们的超市。从信中我们可以了解到作者是该店的常客。故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Specifically, I have never been able to purchase nacho cheese soup at your store. I can find other flavors (味道) of soup, but your store does not carry nacho cheese soup, a common ingredient (原料) in many of my recipes. In addition, I can only find large wonton wrappers, while many other stores carry both large and small and offer a more varied select ion for their customers. Another example is Regent Brand Chili Seasoning.”具体来说，我从来没能在你们店里买到纳乔奶酪汤。我可以找到其他口味的汤，但你们店里没有

纳乔奶酪汤，我的很多食谱里都有纳乔奶酪汤。此外，我只能找到大馄饨皮，而许多其他的商店有大的和小的，并为他们的客户提供更多样化的选择。另一个例子是Regent牌辣椒调料。可知，作者在第二段中通过举例子来陈述他的观点。故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第二段中“Your Super market is outstanding in many ways. First I enjoy the selection of produce and fresh bakery items. Second your low prices and excellent customer service keep me coming back to Supermarket.”你们的超市在很多方面都很出色。首先，我喜欢选择农产品和新鲜的烘焙食品。其次，你们低廉的价格和优质的客户服务让我经常光顾超市。可知，据鲍勃说，这家杂货店提供良好的顾客服务。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一封信件，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。