2021届高考英语词义猜测题解题技巧与练习

2021届高考英语词义猜测题解题技巧与练习考纲解读(1)正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础。

(2)英语单词的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义在不同的语境中会有所不同。

能根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。

(3)阅读文章时，常常会遇到一些过去未见过的词，但许多这类生词的词义可以通过上下文推断出来，这是阅读理解中经常检测的一种能力。

考查特点一：把握词句猜测题常见的命题方式：(1)The phrase “...”in the sentence could be replaced by_________.(2)The word “...” in the paragraph refers to_________.(3)What is the meaning of the underlined word in the paragraph？What does the underlined word mean?(4)Which of the following is the closest in meaning t o the phrase “...”？(5)The word “...” most nearly means_________.(6)The underlined sentence in the second paragraph implies that _________.二：掌握词句猜测题的考查角度(1)猜测生词或熟词生义；(2)猜测短语意义；(3)猜测替代词所替代的内容(如it，one，they，this，that，these，those等)；(4)猜测句意。

三：选项特征最佳选项①与原文上下文联系非常紧密。

②可以通过上下文内容的提示确定，原文提示的方式一般有：定义和解释、描述和例证、同义和反义、平行关系以及构词法等。

干扰选项①只是字面意思。

②我们熟悉但并不符合上下文的定义。

③与上下文似乎相吻合的错误定义。

例题精讲Money_with_no_strings_attached.It's not something you see every day.But at Union Stationin Los Angeles last month，a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read，“Give What You Can，Take What You Need.”People quickly caught on.And while many took dollars，many others pinned their own cash to the board.“People of all ages，races，and socio－economic(社会经济的) backgrounds gave and took，” said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox，which created the project. “We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars.” Most of the bills on the board were singles，but a few people left fives，tens and even twenties.The video clip(片段) shows one man who had found a $20 bill pinning it to the board.“What I can say for the folks that gave the most，is that they were full of smiles，” Bridges said.“There's a certain feeling that giving can do for you and th at was apparent in those that gave the most.” Most people who took dollars took only a few，but Bridges said a very small number took as much as they could.While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign，Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy.He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet.“After all，everyone has bad days and good days，”he said. “Some days you need a helping hand and some days you can be th e one giving the helping hand.”文章大意：主题：人与社会(社会服务——公益事业)；话题：付出与获取。

本文是一篇记叙文，主要向读者介绍了Tyler Bridges创办的一项“尽你所能，取你所需”的活动。

这一活动吸引了许多不同的人，其唯一目的就是展现人们的慷慨和同情心。

结果显示，人们付出的多，获取的少，达到了预期效果。

1．What does the expression “money with no strings attached” in Paragraph 1 mean？_C__ A．Money spent without hesitation.B．Money not legally made.C．Money offered without conditions.D．Money not tied together.词义猜测题。

根据第一段中的“Give What You Can，Take What You Need.(尽你所能，取你所需)”可知，此处money with no strings attached的意思应该是“无条件提供钱”，故C项正确。

2．What did Bridges want to show by mentioning the bride？_B__A．Women tended to be more sociable.B．The activity attracted various people.C．Economic problems were getting worse.D．Young couples needed financial assistance.细节理解题。

根据第二段中的“‘People of all ages，races，and socio－economicbackgrounds gave and took，’．..”可知，这项活动吸引了不同年龄、不同种族、不同社会经济背景的人们，甚至有一位穿礼服的新娘都来拿了几美元。

提到这位新娘的目的，显然是告诉我们：这项活动吸引了许多不同的人，故B项正确。

3．Why did Bridges carry out the project?A．To do a test on people's morals.B．To raise money for his company.C．To earn himself a good reputation.D．To promote kindness and sympathy.细节理解题。

根据第四段中的“...Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy.”可知，Bridges开展该项活动的目的是展现人们的慷慨和同情心，故选D项。

课后习题（一）Last week, Vodafone started a test of the UK's first full 5G service, available for use by businesses in Salford. It is part of its plan to trial the technology in seven UK cities. But what can we expect from the next generation of mobile technology?One thing we will see in the preparation for the test is lots of tricks with the new tech. Earlier this year, operators paid almost ￡1.4 billion for the 5G wavelengths, and to compensate for that cash, they will need to catch the eye of consumers. In September, V odafone used its bit of the range to display the UK's first hologram (全息) call. The Manchester City captain Steph Houghton appeared as a hologram in Newbury. It isn't all holograms, however: 5G will offer faster internet access, with Ofcom (英国通讯管理局) suggesting that video that takes a minute to download on 4G will be available in just a second.The wider application is to support connected equipment on the “internet of things”—not just the internet－enabled fridge that can reorder your milk for you, but the network that will enable driver－less cars and delivery drones (无人机) to communicate with each other.Prof William Webb has warned that the technology could be a case of the emperor's new clothes. Much of the speed increase, he claims, could have been achieved by putting more money in the 4G network, rather than a new technology. Other different voices have suggested that a focus on rolling out wider rural broadband access and addressing current network coverage would be more beneficial to the UK as a whole.Obviously, 5G will also bring a cost to consumers. It requires a handset for both 5G and 4G, and the first 5G－enabled smart phones are expected in the coming year. With the slow pace of network rollout so far, it is likely that consumers will end up upgrading to a new 5G phone well before 5G becomes widely available in the next couple of years.1．Why does Prof William Webb say “the technology could be a case of the emperor's new clothes”？A．He is in favor of the application of the new technology.B．5G will bring a cost to consumers in their daily life.C．5G helps people communicate better with each other.D．He prefers more money to be spent on 4G networks.2．The underlined word “addressing” in the fourth paragraph has the closest meaning to _ _.A．making a speech to B．trying to solveC．managing to decrease D．responding to3．The last paragraph indicates that _ __.A．it'll take several years to make 5G accessible to the public in the UKB．5G service shows huge development potential and a broad marketC．customers are eager to use 5G smart phones instead of 4G onesD．it's probable that 5G network rollout is speeding up in Britain4.What do we know about the text？A．V odafone is successful in spreading the 5G service.B．Steph Houghton appeared as a hologram by 4G.C．The application of 5G will make life much easier.D．5G phones are available in rural areas of the UK.参考答案：DBAC课后习题（二）Preparing Cities for Robot CarsThe possibility of self－driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's dream，years away from materializing in the real world.Well，the future is apparently now.The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self－driving cars on public roads.The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self－driving cars，and for companies to operate driverless taxi services.California，it should be noted，isn't leading the way panies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country.It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads.But however long it takes，the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities，for better or for worse，depending on how the transformation is regulated.While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars (and rightfully so)，policymakers also should be talking about how self－driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams，cut emissions(排放)and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options.The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.Do we want to copy—or even worsen—the traffic of today with driverless cars？Imagine a future where most adults own individual self－driving vehicles.They tolerate long，slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work，entertain themselves or sleep on the ride，which encourages urban spread.They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking.Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning，they send the self－driving minibus.The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport—an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride－hailing(叫车)services.A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol－powered private cars worldwide with electric，self－driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure (基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050.Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing.The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride－hailing services，considering the cost of self－driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题)．But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn't extend the worst aspects of the car－controlled transportation system we have today.The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people，and more affordably.The car of the future is coming.We just have to plan for it.1．According to the author，attention should be paid to how driverless cars can _ __.A．help deal with transportation－related problemsB．provide better services to customersC．cause damage to our environmentD．make some people lose jobs2．As for driverless cars，what is the author's major concern？A．Safety.B．Side effects.C．Affordability. D．Management.3．What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？A．Employed. B．Replaced.C．Shared. D．Reduced.4．What is the author's attitude to the future of self－driving cars？A．Doubtful. B．Positive.C．Disapproving. D．Sympathetic.参考答案：ADAB。