考试题型与复习重点2015(春)

复习重点和考试题型考试题型I. Paraphrase in English the parts underlined in the following (2x10=20%) 2到3段来自我讲课的重点段落unit 2, unit 6, unit 7, unit 11, unit 12, unit13, unit 15II Rewrite the following (2x5=10%) 高级英语（二）教与学指南unit 3, 7, 9, 10的rewritingIII Translate the following parts into English (40%) 2到3段来自我讲课的重点段落unit 2, unit 6, unit 7, unit 11, unit 12, unit13, unit 15IV Writing (30%)以下是复习的主要重点段落（大家好好做一下高级英语（二）教与学指南相应的练习）Unit 2In fact, there is a long and honorable history of procrastination to suggest that many ideas and decisions may well improve if postponed. It is something of a truism that to put off making a decision is itself a decision. The parliamentary process is essentially a system of delay and deliberation. So, for that matter, is the creation of a great painting, or an entree, or a book, or a building like Blenheim Palace, which took the Duke of Marlborough’s architects and laborers 15 years to construct. In the process, the design can mellow and marinate. Indeed, hurry can be the assassin of elega nce. As T. H. White, author of Sword in the Stone, once wrote, time “is not meant to be devoured in an hour or a day, but to be consumed delicately and gradually and without haste.”Unit 6The outstanding characteristic of man’s creativeness is the abi lity to 1transmute trivial impulses into momentous consequences. The greatness of man is in 2what he can do with petty grievances and joys, and with common physiological pressures and hungers. “When I have a little 3vexation,” wrote Keats, “it grows in fiv e minutes into a theme for Sophocles.” To a creative individual all experience is 4seminal --- all events are 5equidistant from new ideas and 6insights --- and his 7inordinate humanness shows itself in the ability to make the trivial and common reach an enormous way.Children and mature people 8thrive on dull routine, while the adolescent, who has lost the child’s capacity for concentration and is without the inner 9resources of the mature, needs excitement and novelty to 10stave off boredom.There seems to be a general assumption that brilliant people cannot stand routine; that they need a varied, exciting life in order to do their best. It is also assumed that dull people are particularly suited for dull work. We are told that the reason the present-day young protest so loudly against the dullness of factory jobs is that they are better educated and brighter than the young of the past.People who find dull jobs unendurable are often dull people who do not know what to do with themselves when at leisure. Children and mature people thrive on dull routine, while the adolescent, who has lost the child’s capacity for concentration and is without the inner resources of the mature, needs excitement and novelty to save off boredom.Unit 7For the Greeks, beauty was a virtue: a kind of excellence. Persons then were assumed to be what we now have to call --- lamely, enviously --- whole persons. If it did occur to the Greeks to distinguish between a person’s “inside” and “outside,” they still expected that inner be auty would be matched by - beauty of the other kind. The well-born young Athenians who gathered around Socrates found it quite paradoxical that their hero was so intelligent, so brave, so honorable, so seductive --- and so ugly. One of Socrates’ main pedag ogical acts was to be ugly —and teach those innocent, no doubt splendid-looking disciples of his how full of paradoxes life really was. 0ne could hardly ask for more important evidence of the dangers of considering persons as split between what is “inside” and what is “outside” than that interminable half-comic half-tragic tale, the oppression of women.Unit 11We should deplore the disappearance of manuscripts. How can anyone, student or scholar, learn anything about the creative process from a floppy disc? Can this wobbly plastic reveal the hours, the endless hours, where beauty was born out of I its own despair (as William Butler Yeats put it) and blear-eyed wisdom out of midnight oil? Manuscripts are these records of creative agony, often sweat-stained, coffee-splattered or cigarette-charred. Manuscripts tell us what went on in a writer’s soul, how he or she felt during the agony of creation. Manuscripts are our gift to our heritage, and we have no right to deprive future generations of learning how we think and feel, simply because we find word processing more convenient.Unit 12America was a land that was beginning all over again, dedicated to nothing much more complicated than the rather 1hazy belief that all men had equal rights and should have an equal chance in the world. In such a land Lee stood for the feeling that it was somehow of advantage to human society to have a 2pronounced inequality in the social structure. There should be a leisure class, backed by ownership of land; in turn, society itself should be 3keyed to the land as the chief source of wealth and influence. From them the country would get its leadership; 4to them it could look for the higher values --- of thought, of conduct, of personal 5deportment --- to give it strength and virtue.Lee embodied the noblest elements of this aristocratic ideal. Through him, the 6landed nobility justified itself.So Grant and Lee were in complete contrast, representing two 7diametrically opposed elements in American life. Grant was the modern man emerging; beyond him, ready to come on the stage, was the great age of 8steel and machinery, of crowded cities and a restless burgeoning vitality. Lee might have ridden down from the old age of chivalry, lance in hand, silken banner9fluttering over his head. Each man was the 10perfect champion of his cause, drawing both his strengths and his weaknesses from the people he led.Unit 13A euphemism is commonly defined as an 1auspicious or exalted term (like “sanitation engineer”) that is used in place of a more 2down-to-earth term (like “garbage man”). People who 3are partial to euphemisms 4stand accused of being “5phony” or trying to bide what it is they are really talking about. And there is no doubt that in some situations the accusation is entirely proper. For example, one of the more 6detestable euphemisms I have come across in recent years is the term “Operation Sunshine,” which is the name the U. S. Government gave to some experiments it conducted with the hydrogen bomb in the South. Pacific. It is obvious that the government, in choosing this name, was trying to 7expunge the hideous imagery that the bomb evokes and in so doing committed, as I see it, an immoral act. But there is another side to euphemizing that is worth mentioning, and a few words here in its defense will not be 8amiss. What I am saying is that the process of euphemizing has no moral content. The moral 9dimensions are supplied by what the words 10in question express, what they want us to value and to see.Unit 15Mountaineering furnishes the needed analogy. The Swiss mountain guide, like the true teacher, has a quiet authority about his very person. He or she engenders trust and confidence so that one is willing to join the endeavor. The mountaineer accepts his leadership role, yet recognizes that the success of the journey (measured by the scaling of the heights) depends upon close cooperation and active participation by each number of the group. He has crossed the terrain before and is familiar with the landmarks, but each trip is new, and generates its own anxiety and excitement. Essential skills must be mastered if the trip is to be successful; lacking them, disaster looms as an ominous possibility. The very precariousness of the situation necessitates keen focus and rapt attention; slackness, misjudgment, or laziness I can bring doom.1. My father’s negative response was not so much to the architecture as to a violation of his concept of the nature of money.The architecture itself didn’t cause so much of _______________2. It might be argued that the undeveloped technology of the period precluded the construction of more delicate walls.It was possibly because of the undeveloped technology of the period _______________试题样题（题型例释）I. Paraphrase in English the parts underlined in the following (20%):Besides, the whole 9toffee-ness of toffees was 10imperceptibly diminished by the gross act of having eaten it.II. Rewrite the following (10%)For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as close in meaning as possible to the original sentence by using the given words as the beginning.The outstanding characteristic of man’s creativeness is the ability to transmute trivial impulses into momentous consequences.Man’s creativeness is especially shown in the fact that_________III. Translate the following underlined parts into English (40%)美国是一个一切从头越的国家，它致力于实现一种复杂而又相当模糊的信念：人人都享有平等的权利，并应该享受平等的生存机会。