英语复习资料
Unit1无名英雄：职业父亲意味着什么？
在我们的孪生女儿出生后的第一次“约会”时，我和丈夫一起去看了一部名为《玩具总动员》的电影。我们很喜欢这部片子，但随后我丈夫问道：“父亲在哪儿呢？”起初我还认为因为一个小小的失误而批评一部很吸引人的家庭影片似乎是太偏狭了。可后来越想越觉得这一疏忽太严重了。父亲不仅没有出现，他甚至没有被提到——尽管家中有婴儿，说明父亲不可能离开太长时间。影片给人的感觉是，父亲出现与否似乎是个极次要的细节，甚至不需要做任何解释。
新闻媒体倾向于把父亲边缘化，这只是一个例子，它反映了在美国发生的巨大的社会变化。大卫·布兰肯霍恩在《无父之国》一书中将这种倾向称之为“无需父亲”观念。
职业母亲（我想这应是与无职业母亲相对而言的）奋斗的故事从媒体上无尽无休地轰击着我们。与此同时，媒体上绝大多数与父亲有关的故事又集中表现暴力的丈夫或没出息的父亲形象。看起来似乎父亲唯一值得人们提及的是因为他们做家务太少而受到指责的时候（我怀疑这一说法的可靠性，因为“家务”的定义中很少包括打扫屋顶的雨水沟，给汽车换机油或其他一些典型的由男人们做的事），或者是在他们去世的时候。当布兰肯霍恩先生就“顾家的好男人”一词的词义对父亲们进行调查时，许多父亲都回答，这一词语只有在葬礼上听到过。
这种“无需父亲”综合征的一个例外是家庭全职父亲所受到的媒体的赞扬。我并非暗指这些家庭全职父亲作出的承诺不值得人们的支持，我只是想指出正在实际生效的双重标准：家庭全职父亲受到人们的赞扬，而家庭全职母亲和养家糊口的父亲，所得到文化上的认同却很少，甚至完全得不到。
我们用来讨论父亲的角色（即没出息的父亲）的话语本身就显示出人们对大多数男人默默无闻而自豪地履行对家庭的责任缺乏赏识。我们几乎从来没听到“职业父亲”这一说法，在人们呼吁应该给予工作者在工作地点上更大的灵活性时，很少有人认为这种呼吁不但适用于女性，同样也适应于男性。我们这个社会表现出的是，似乎家庭职责对父亲来说并不像对母亲那么重要——似乎事业上的满足就是男人生活的全部。
更让人感到侮辱的是最近媒体的这种倾向，即把家庭主妇看成是一种“地位的象征”——就像一辆名贵的汽车，据说只有少数男人才享受得起这种奢侈与豪华。这暗示家里有家庭主妇的男人比那些妻子在外工作的男人日子过得更舒适，因为他们拥有全职管家这种“奢侈品”。然而，实际上作为家庭唯一挣钱者的男
人要承受很多压力。当他们的那份工作是家庭收入的唯一来源的时候，失业，或者甚至只不过是受到失业的威胁，对他们而言也构成了巨大的困难。同样，家庭唯一的工资收入者在想辞去不太满意的工作时，其灵活程度也要小一些，因为这种工作变换会使他们失去收入。此外，为了给家庭挣更多的钱，许多丈夫超时工作或兼做第二职业。对于这些男人来说，正是这份工作所支撑的家庭，使他们觉得值得付出。很多男人相信母亲待在家里对小孩十分重要，这种信念使他们十分乐意地担起家里唯一挣钱人的担子。
目前，研究者们普遍认为家庭中没有父亲会对小孩——继而也对整个社会——带来严重的问题。然而，我们这个社会并没有把“普通”父亲作为正面角色为未来的父亲树立榜样，相反地，却常常持放弃态度，认为传统的父道从最好的方面说已经过时，从最坏的方面讲就是危险的反动。这使许多男人对他们作为父亲的角色的价值提出质疑。
作为一个社会，我们需要认识到，对于孩子来说，父亲是与母亲同等重要的，不仅仅在经济支持上，而且在感情依靠、教育和纪律训导方面都是如此。我们仅仅意识到没有父亲是一个问题是不够的，不能只是站在坟墓旁边哀悼“顾家好男人”的去世，随后又找一个人来替代他（请问一问已失去父亲的人，这是否可能）。我们必须承认自己是如何贬低了父道的价值，我们必须努力向男人们证明，他们在孩子们的生活中是多么不可缺少，多么重要。
那些每天都在努力去爱和支撑他们的家庭，力求做一个顾家好男人的父亲们，那些无名英雄，需要我们的承认，他们所付出的一切需要我们的感谢，因为他们值得我们的认同。
1. 随着职务的提升，他担负的责任也更大了。(take on)
Answer: With his promotion, he has taken on greater responsibilities.
2. 他感到没有必要再一次对约翰承担这样的责任了。(make a commitment) Answer: He felt he did not have to make such a commitment to John any more.
3. 闲暇时玛丽喜欢外出购物，与她相反，露茜却喜欢待在家里看书。(as opposed to)
Answer: Mary likes to go shopping in her spare time, as opposed to Lucy, who prefers to stay at home reading.
4. 说得好听一些，可以说他有抱负，用最糟糕的话来说，他是一个没有良心
(conscience) 且没有资格的权力追求者。(at best, at worst)
Answer: At best he 's ambitious, and at worst a power-seeker without conscience or qualifications.
5. 我们已尽全力想说服他，但是却毫无进展。(strive, make no headway) Answer: We have striven to the full to convince him, but we have made no headway.
1.他似乎只有在打保龄球的时候才感觉到舒服。
Answer: It seems that the only time he felt good about himself was when he was bowling.
2.饭店员工是不收小费原则的唯一例外。
Answer: One exception to the “no-tipping rule” is the hotel staff.
3.很多年轻人在理论上知道怎么干，但当付诸实践时，就茫然无措了。Answer: Many of these youngsters know the job in theory but they’re still wet behind the ears when it comes to putting it into practice.
4. 今天，在顶级公关运营商中间存在着一种广泛的共识，认为法庭和媒体的对峙不能再继续下去。
Answer: Today, there is widespread agreement among top PR operators that the stand-off between courts and the media can not continue.
5. 对于每个人来说，有一点是确信的，睡眠不仅是必需的，而且睡眠有助于我们身心健康。
Answer: As for everyone, one thing is certain, not only do we have to sleep, but it is good for your mind and body as well.
Unit2 颐养天年
人人都知道孤儿院和养老院绝不能替代家庭。人们的感觉是只有家庭才能给老人与幼童提供使他们会产生满足感的一切。对子女来说，享有父母的呵护毋庸多说，因为这是一种本能的父辈的情感。不过晚辈对于长辈的孝敬，正如中国的一句俗话“水往低处流”所说，则需要由文化去培养。一个自然人必会爱其子女，但只有受过文化教育的人才会珍爱和孝敬父母。这个爱老、敬老的原则最终成为了大众所信守的准则，并且根据某些著书立说者所言，在父母年老时能有幸
在其身边服侍，实际上已成为一种强烈的愿望。父母生病了却没有机会在病榻前亲侍药汤，亡故时未能亲临送终，已被有文化的中国人视为终身最大的遗憾。官员到了五六十岁尚不能迎养父母，于官署中晨昏定省，会被视为道德缺失而倍感羞愧，不得不常向亲友和同僚解释他不能迎养孝敬的理由。从前有个人，因赶回家时父母已亡故，悲痛之下说了这样两句话：
“树欲静而风不止，
子欲养而亲不在。”
在美国，身体健康且精神矍铄的老年人常对人说他尚“年轻”，或者是旁人说他们“年轻”，而实际上则是说他们身体康健。这似乎是一种语言上的不幸。老来健康或者说“长寿康健”是人生莫大的幸运，而改称之为“健康且年轻”，则会贬损其魅力，使原本很完美的东西变得不那么完美了。终究，世上再也没有什么能比一个健康而智慧的老者更完美的了。他有着“红润的面庞，雪白的头发”，用和蔼的声音，谈论着人生世故。中国人很明白这一点，所以画出来的老翁总是“红颊白须”，视之为尘世终极快乐的象征。美国人大概也看到过中国人所画的老寿星，他那高突的前额、红润的面庞、雪白的长须，还有他笑容可掬的神态！这是何等生动的画像。他手抚飘逸垂胸的长须，悠然自得。他何等的庄严，令人起敬；他何等的自信，没有人会质疑他的智慧；他何等的仁慈，因为他见闻了太多的人间疾苦。对于富有生气的老者，我们也会给予赞誉，说他们是“老当益壮”。
我丝毫不怀疑，美国的老人依旧要坚持说他们又忙碌又活跃这一事实，可以归为个人主义被推崇到了愚蠢的地步。他们以自主为荣，崇尚自立，耻于依赖子女。美国人在其宪法中规定了许多人权，但他们却很奇怪地忘掉了老年人应享受子女赡养这一权利，因为这也是因提供养育服务而产生的权利和义务。有谁能够否认，父母年轻时为子女何等地辛劳，子女小有病痛必彻夜不眠地照顾，在子女还没有学会说话时给他们换洗尿布，耗费二十余载将他们养育成人，教会他们自立生活。当他们年老时，就有权得到子女的赡养和孝敬。在普通的家庭生活模式中能否忘掉个人的自立及其自尊？凡是人都是先由父母养育，后来再养育自己的子女，最后则理所当然地得到子女的赡养。中国人对生活的完整理念是以家庭中的互帮互助为基础的，所以没有个人独立的意识，因此，到了夕阳红的老年时期得到子女赡养时就不会有耻辱感，反而会因有子女赡养而倍感欣幸。
1. 宪法规定公民享有言论自由。(provide for)
Answer: The Constitution provides for citizen’s f reedom of speech.
2. 我们在如何养育孩子的问题上有截然不同的看法，因此常发生争吵。(grow out of; bring up)
Answer: Our constant quarrels grew out of the diverse ideas on how to bring up children.
3. 我们早在会阅读之前就已经掌握了一些词汇。(long before)
Answer: We have learned some words long before we can read.
4. 很多中国家长认为孩子越早上学越好。(the more ... the more)
Answer: Many Chinese parents think that the earlier children go to school, the better.
5. 新税法不是要惩罚富人，而是要给穷人以公平和机会。(rather)
Answer: The new tax law is not to punish the rich. Rather it is to bring justice and opportunity to the poor.
1. 要得到任何类似的关于你申请状态的准确信息都是极不寻常的。
Answer: It is extremely unusual to get anything resembling accurate information about the status of your application.
2. 法律面前人人平等是被认为理所当然的。
Answer: It is taken for granted that everyone is equal before the law.
3. 在美国餐馆吃饭、住宾馆、乘出租车时如何付小费是非常复杂的。Answer: There is nothing more complicated than that about Americans tipping, eating in restaurants, living in hotels or taking a taxi.
4. 你一定见过那些被称为鹰的大鸟是如何在地面或者大树之上捕获猎物的。Answer: You must have seen these large birds called eagles, feasting on their prey, either on the ground, or high up on tree tops.
5. 专家们毫不怀疑，这些药物将在加强我国应对艾滋病毒和艾滋病方面大有帮助。
Answer: Experts have no doubt that these drugs will go a long way in further strengthening our national response to HIV and AIDS.
Unit4学英语既有乐趣又有回报
文学的研究——包含对哲学、宗教、历史事件的发展和观念由来的研究，不仅是文明的，同时是有教化作用的，而且是流行的和实际的。在所有从文理学院毕业并获得学士学位的人中，有六分之一的人主修英语。让人惊异的是，这些毕业生能胜任范围相当广泛的工作。他们的经验表明，这种广泛流行的偏见是错误的：即英语专业的学生只能从事新闻或教学工作。事实上，主修英语的学生也为未来从事法律、医学、商业和公职等职业做了相当好的准备。
有人时常劝告期望上法学院或医学院的大学生要学习与他们的择业有直接联系的严格制定的课程。有人还建议未来法学院的学生应该选修政治、历史、会计、商业管理甚至人体解剖学、婚姻和家庭生活等课程。未来医学院的学生被引导去学习多种理科课程，实际上，这些课程比他们考入医学院所需要的理科课程要多得多。令人惊讶的是，许多法学院和医学院却指出，如此专门化的准备不但没有必要，而且并不可取。没有什么“法律预科”课程：上法学院和从事法律行业的最好准备是培养学生能够进行批判性思考；能够进行清晰的合乎逻辑的自我表述；能够对他人的动机、行动和想法进行敏锐的分析。这些技能也正是英语专业要教给学生掌握的技能。
此外，要进入法学院就读，通常需要具有合格院校颁发的学士学位，还需要拿到最低限度的各课平均积分点，并和在法学院录取考试（L.S.A.T.）中取得一个通得过的分数。这项测试包括三个部分：首先是测试阅读理解、图形分类和书面材料评估等能力。测试的第二个部分是考核对英语语法和词汇用法的掌握能力，组织书面材料的能力和文字编辑的能力。第三个部分是检测学生的文学、艺术、音乐、自然科学和社会科学的一般知识。显而易见，主修英语的学生参加法学院录取考试会得心应手。
至于医学院，入学要求主要的一条只是修满32个学时的理科课程。这一要求对主修英语的学生来说肯定不成问题。另外，许多医学院校要求学生必须在医学院入学考试中达到规定的最低分，这一测试对全面发展的文科学生来说又十分有利。医学院入学考试检测四方面的能力：同义词、反义词和词语联想能力；从分数到立体几何学的基本数学知识；文学、哲学、心理学、音乐、艺术和社会科学的常识；以及熟悉中学和大学初始阶段教过的生物学、化学和物理学基本原理的程度。理科基础扎实的主修英语学生完全有能力参加这一考试和医学院入学考试，他们的阅读、分析、阐述和准确交流的能力使他们更胜一筹。学医和行医只
会从对人的行为的洞察中受益无穷，而这种洞察却是文学研究才能提供的。
很明显，如此的洞察力对计划从商的学生来说也是很有价值的。这样的学生应该考虑的是，挑选主修对商科有侧重的英语课程是有优势的：这种课程的目的在于在提供文科教育的同时，也为从商做职业准备。对这种教育计划的需求是显而易见的：只有技术性资格的毕业生能找到从商工作，但却经常难以居其位。《华尔街杂志》和《大学生就业杂志》都有报道，说越来越多的著名商学院的毕业生发现他们自己经常从一种工作或一家公司跳槽到另一个工作或另一家公司，在一个工作岗位上干不了十二个月。雇主们抱怨说，这些表面上年轻有为的男女们根本不会有效地交流，因为他们的文字能力不够强；他们不能够从管理人员培训中学到东西；他们不能够进行有效的口头表达；他们不能用书面形式报告他们的工作进展或问题；他们不能够指导其他工作人员。然而，分析和交流的技能却是管理的最根本的需要。
因此，偏重商业经营管理方向的主攻英语的学生，为未来从事商业管理做好了充分准备。对涉及从银行、保险到通信乃至制造业等众多领域的将近400家公司进行的有关调查显示，针对是否聘用具有英语学位文凭却没有受过行业领域的专门培训的毕业生这一问题，百分之八十五的公司说他们聘用过。拥有英语学位文凭的大学毕业生在营销、系统工程、人事管理、销售、编程、项目设计和劳资关系等领域都工作得十分出色。
主修英语的学生也正在各级政府提供的上千种岗位上工作。就拿可以算得是美国最大的雇主的联邦政府来说吧。从海军陆战队到矿务局，从商业部到国家公园服务处，联邦政府各种机构雇佣的劳动大军近三百万人。主修英语的学生适合做其中的许多工作。最近，向51个联邦政府机构调查了同一个问题：是否聘用有英语学位文凭而却没有受过专门行业训练的大学毕业生，88%的这些联邦政府单位的回答是肯定的。主修英语的毕业生能胜任联邦政府的一系列工作，从索赔审议到外交官再到公路安全管理专家等等。再说，那些要求高薪高位的人可能还需要参加一种考试，这就是，联邦政府每年都要举行的“业务和管理职业考试”借此对大约10 000种工作岗位的求职者进行考核，而测试的焦点仍然是语言技能：理解、分析、阐述、理解概念间逻辑关系的能力，以及解决用文字表述问题的能力。毫不奇怪，主修英语的学生时常在这一考试中获得高分。
简而言之，英语的课程既无局限性又很实用：学习英语是对职业生涯的绝好准备。
1. 我爷爷虽然70岁了，但他的爱好广泛，从下国际象棋到爬山，多种多样。(range from ... to)
Answer: My grandfather’s interests range from playing chess to climbing mountains although he is 70 years old.
2. 真奇怪，汤姆的奶奶都80岁了还玩玩具娃娃。(surprisingly)
Answer: Surprisingly, Tom’s grandmother plays with dol ls at the age of 80.
3. 他大公无私的精神和天赋使他适合担当大多数学生梦想得到的那项工作。(qualify for)
Answer: His selflessness and talent qualify him for the job most students dream to get.
4. 你如何解释他的那个怪梦？(interpretation)
Answer: What interpretation would you put on his odd / strange dream?
5. 我们老板刚买的新轿车一小时能行驶200公里。(be capable of)
Answer: The brand-new car our boss has just bought is capable of making 200 kilometers an hour.
1. 正义不但必须要伸张，而且要让人看到正义得到了伸张。
Answer: Justice must not only be done, but it must be seen to be done.
2. 发展的主要障碍是国家欠下的巨额外债。
Answer: The main impediment to development is the country’s huge foreign debt. 3. 政治家夸夸其谈，但经常是言不由衷。
Answer: Politicians say a lot but often failing to tell us what they really mean.
4. 不要抱怨生活对你不公，因为生活根本就不知道你是谁。
Answer: Don’t complain that life is unfair to you because life simply does not know who you are.
5.多元化产品的范围由一般电子组件至大型安装机器。
Answer: Diversified products range from electronics components to assembly machinery.
Unit7爱意味着永远不会说“找工作去”
我和我大学时的恋人结婚将近24年了。那时候我并没有意识到比尔让我最倾心的创业精神竟然是引起无比兴奋和深深焦虑的不竭源泉。正是经济大萧条使我明白了，所有的完美计划和梦想都可能在远强于我们自身的强大力量下改变。正是我们在这个动荡分化时期的所作所为才能说明我们到底是怎样的人。我的丈夫？在他频繁转换工作的那几个月里，我发现他喜欢清理车库。
在我们获得了商科硕士学位以后，比尔和我跟随第一波技术大发展的浪潮来到硅谷安顿下来。我的工作是市场营销和广告策划，而他在一家新成立的公司找到了一份工作，这家公司很快就由Cisco System收购。他留了下来，并帮助Cisco 建立起了无线网络业务。而后，他又最终离开了这家公司进入了另一家新兴企业，这一次他是去当公司的CEO。他还成功地卖掉了那家公司，然后休息了一段时间。
我们有三个孩子，在Palo Alto有一栋很好的房子，而且我们感到前途会一
片光明。我们生活在美国梦里。我们到处旅游。我们去做义工。我们购买了很多艺术品。我们忙着买东买西，没有注意到连我们的车库都装得满满的了。那似乎就是生活应有的样子。
比尔很快又加入了Google，帮助他们开拓新的业务。他不必像在创业公司
那么拼命地干，但日子还不错。稳定有其积极的一面。他有时间回家吃饭，而且还可以给孩子们的运动队当教练。还有，他喜欢他的那些更为年轻的同事们的精气神和智慧。
接着，大萧条来了。我们目睹了朋友、家庭甚至整个国家都失去了工作，失去了住所，失去了全部的稳定感。我们本以为有免疫力，可以躲过这一劫。看看Facebook, Twitter, YouTube吧：难道硅谷又起火了吗？但是这种低迷滑坡却伤害
了每一个人，包括那些高速发展的科技公司。Google重组了，很快比尔受雇所
做的工作也变得不再那么令人振奋了。他决定冒个险，辞职不干工作了。
我很焦虑。难道他疯了么？这个世界在萎缩，而他也不会再变得年轻。当然，如果你是一个20来岁的奇才，能开创下一个伟大的社会媒体公司，这个世界就只不过是你可以用来获取好处的工具；人们甚至会以你的生活为题材拍一部电影。但是这个城市喜欢年轻人。万一他找不到合适的机会怎么办？
好几个月他都没有找到合适的工作。我们的吃住开销已经快要耗尽我们的积蓄了。我开始担心孩子们的大学学费、房贷以及我们的养老问题了。突然，我后悔辞去了自己的全职工作而专心照看家庭。我曾经梦想过写作生涯，但也许我应
该再找份工作了。我们的未来似乎不再那么光明。
但是我那勇敢的丈夫并没有屈服于压力。相反，他认为现在做一次春季大清理恰逢其时。一天早上，我们送孩子上学之后他说：“哎，亲爱的，我们家的东西太多了。我们来一个清宅旧货大甩卖吧。”
现在我有很多的事情要做，但是花时间去清理孩子们的旧录影带、不能穿的衣服、不用的玩具却不在其列。然而，他却停不下来。他需要找事做让自己忙碌起来，我已经开始隐约察觉到退休后的情景了。
“来吧”，他敦促说。“一定很有趣的。”
因此，我们花了几天时间来分类、整理、清洗。我简直不敢相信曾经以为丢失的东西又找回来了：有很久以前的一些老朋友的来信，我的大孩子最喜欢的毛毛熊，我自己小时候挂在床头的天使图。这真是一次清空净化。无论从字面上还是比喻手法上讲，它开始了一个把过去的旧包袱清理出我们的生活的过程。很快，我们发现我们已经作出改变去适应周遭世界了。我们需要得少了，而且更好的是，我们想要的东西也少了。事实上，我们喜欢上了这种“新的常态”。
经过近6个月的求职，比尔在一家绿色技术新兴企业找到了他理想的工作。同时，我也开始了我的写作生涯。这是好的消息。不好的消息是，Bill的公司离家有两个小时的路程，而我们，就像这个国家的许多夫妻一样，在这个并非理想的情况下去努力争取最好的结果。我现在认识到，在婚姻中，就像在生活中一样，我们不能把一切都视为理所当然。当我们终于清除了所有这些乱七八糟的东西后，留下的仅仅是一个男人和一个女人，依然在一起。现在我们又开始做退休筹划了。等到真的该退休的那一天，我想我们会做好充分准备的。
1. 对考试结果我无法预料，我们只有等着瞧了。(inkling)
Answer: I have no inkling about the examination results, we shall have to wait and see.
2. 我不知道到底发生了什么事，但是他们一小时前就该到达这里的。(suppose to) Answer: I don’t know what happened, but they were supposed to be here an hour ago.
3. 他今天穿的衬衫的颜色与领带很不相配。(match)
Answer: The color of the shirt he is wearing today does not match that of his tie.
4. 经过数年的准备和积累，我终于开始了写作生涯。(commit)
Answer: After years of preparation and accumulation, I have committed to a writing career fi nally.
5. 我已经告诉我的孩子们要学着把自己的抽屉清理好。(clear out)
Answer: I have asked my kids to learn to clear out their drawers.
1. 我当时没有意识到发生在万里之外的美国的事情会这么快就被这些村民知道了。
Answer: I didn’t realize then that the thing taking place in America which is 10 thousand miles away would be known by the villagers here so soon.
2. 正是在国外生活的这三年使我学会了人与人之间相处的原则。
Answer: It took the three-year-experience of living abroad for me to learn interpersonal communication principles.
3. 我已经明白了正如在任何超市里一样，电脑里的一切都应该是系统化地安排的。
Answer: I have learned that in computer, as in any super market, everything should be systematically arranged.
4. 这家正被媒体热切讨论的公司正是我们的合作伙伴，正如其他消费者一样，我们也会密切关注事态的发展。
Answer: The company that is hotly discussed in mass media is our cooperator and we, like many other costumers, will closely see how things progress.
5. 当我们意识到自己的责任以后，我们应该做的就是勇敢地面对来自各方面的挑战。
Answer: When we have realized our responsibility, what we should do is to confront various challenges.
大学英语语法专项练习题及答案
人学英语语法专项练习题及答案 一、时态 1. By the end of April Peter here for three mon ths. A. will have stayed B. will stay C. stays D. has stayed 2. rm awfully sorry, but I had no alter native. I simply what I did. A. ought to have done B. have to do C. had to do D. must do 3. We our breakfast when an old man came to the door. A. just have had B. have just had C. just had D . had just had 4. Ever si nee the family moved to the suburbs last year, they better health. A. could have enjoyed B. had enjo yed C. have bee n enjoying D. are enjo ying 5. I bought a new house last year, but I my old house yet, so at the mome nt I have two houses. A. did not sell B. have not sold C. had not sold D . do not sell 6. I decided to go to the library as soon as I A. finish what I did B. fin is hed what I did C. would finish what I was doi ng D. fini shed wha t I was doi ng 7. He whe n the bus came to a sudden stop. A. was almost hurt B. was hurt h imself C. was to hurt himself D. was hurti n g himself 8. I suppose that when 1 come back in ten years' time all those o ld houses dow n. A. will have bee n pulled B. will have pulled C. will be pulli ng D. will b e pulled 9. Bob's leg got hurt the Purple Mountains. A. while he is climbi ng up B. while we were climb ing up
大学英语四级专项训练
大学英语四级专项训练——选词填空 （一） Americans are proud of their variety and individualty, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform. Why are uniforms so __1__ in the United States Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more __2__ than civilian（百姓的）clothes. People have become conditioned to __3__ superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to __4__ more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the __5__ of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What an easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to __6__ professional identity（身份）than to step out of uniform Uniforms also have many __7__ benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes. Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of __8__ experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without __9__, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act __10__, on the job at least. [A]skill [B]popular [C]get [D]change [E]similarly 、[F]professional [G]character [H]individuality [I] inspire [J] differently [K]expect [L]practical [M] recall [N] lose [O] ordinary （二） 、 Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can __1__ performance at work and school. Cognitive( 认识派的) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on __2__ and gifts from others. The latter view has gained many supporters, __3__ among educators. But the careful use of small __4__ rewards speaks creativity in grade school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements( 刺激) indeed __5__inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. “If kids know they’re working f or a reward and can focus on a relatively __6__ task, they show the most creativity,” says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But it’s easy to __7__ creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.
英语六级知识点
1.经济的快速发展 the rapid development of economy 2.人民生活水平的显著提高/稳步增长 the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people's living standard 3.先进的科学技术 advanced science and technology 4.面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges 5.人们普遍认为 It is commonly believed/ recognized that… 6.社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development 7.引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention 8.不可否认 It is undeniable that…/ There is no denying that… 9.热烈的讨论/争论 a heated discussion/ debate 10.有争议性的问题 a controversial issue 11.完全不同的观点 a totally different argument 12.一些人…而另外一些人… Some people…while others… 13.就我而言/就个人而言 As far as I am concerned，/ Personally， 14.就…达到绝对的一致 reach an absolute consensus on… 15.有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons 16.双方的论点 arguments on both sides 17.发挥着日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in… 18.对…必不可少 be indispensable to… 19.正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes： 20.…也不例外 …be no exception 21.对…产生有利/不利的影响 exert positive/ negative effects on… 22.利远远大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.
一对一英语教学的心得
一对一英语教学的心得体会 一对一教学与一对多教学有很多的不同，很多来进行一对一辅导的学生基本都是在学校的大班课堂知识掌握得不扎实，没跟上老师的教学进度，或是面临毕业考试等，所以我认为一对一教学的重点是复习知识。 众所周知，复习是教学活动的重要环节,是教师带领学生将所学全部知识进行整理,查缺补漏,使学生对所学知识进一步巩固,掌握得更加扎实,所以组织复习是提高教学质量的关键。下面我将结合我的英语教学实践,谈谈合理有效组织复习的“五要”和“五忌”。 一、要目标明确,忌盲目施教 教师要充分认识复习的关键性作用,认真对待复习,纠正复习就是简单地领着学生读读写写背背考考的错误思想。教师要吃透教材,制定详细的复习计划，比如利用多长时间进行复习;复习内容有哪些;学生要掌握的重点、难点有哪些;采取什么措施有效地组织复习;学生对各部分内容的听说读写分别达到什么要求等等,从而做到心中有数、目标明确。 二、重扎实有效,忌走马观花 课堂教学是提高教学质量的主渠道,上好复习课是提高复习质量的关键所在。一般来说,复习时先是"通教材",逐课对单词、句子、语法、课文、对话进行强调巩固。在教学过程中教师要吃透教材,把握重难点,明确任务:单词--音、形、义;句子--听、说、读、写;对话--背诵、理解;语法--简单的概括总结、讲解。教师在复习每一课时,从单词、句子的听写,到对话的熟读、背诵,要求学生当堂掌握的一定不能拖到课后,今天需要解决的务必今天完成。 三、重自主学习,忌教师串讲 有的教师在复习过程中反复讲解重难点,事必亲恭,累得够呛,效果却并不理想。新课程理念倡导在教学中培养学生的自主学习能力,所以教师得开动脑筋,变换方式,调动学生的学习积极性,合理推行小组学习,让学生当学习的主人。老师可以通过要学生听写，翻译，背课文等方式测试学生学习效果，并针对成绩给予相应的奖励，合理有效的评价方式让学生始终保持高昂的学习积极性。 四、要灵活创新,忌呆板教条 教学中要遵循因材施教，灵活创新。比如在《小学英语教学基本要求》中规定小学阶段不讲解语法,但我是这样理解和实施教学的:虽然不要求讲解语法,但简单地向学生渗透一些语法知识能够帮助学生更好系统地把握所学知识。所以我对两种常用的时态(一般现在时、现在进行时),三种句式(特殊疑问句、一般疑问句、选择疑问句),be动词(am,is,are),名词单复数,动词的第三人称单数形式等都进行了简明扼要的讲解。特殊疑问句重点让学生掌握疑问词:where,when,what time,who,whose,what,how, how many,how much,how old, what color,what，why,明确问什么用哪个疑问词,能够进行区分。一般疑问句让学生明确开头的引导词是:be动词或do,does等,回答一般是Yes或No。选择疑问句要选择其中一个答案回答。语法讲解要注意把握度,不要给学生上成纯粹的系统的高深的语法课,学生往往很难理解,难以取得理想效果,最好是结合课本实际简单明了的举例讲解,既帮助理解课本,又明确一定的语法规则,让学生能够活学活用。 五、重兴趣习惯,忌短期效应 有的教师习惯把新授课上得生动有趣,而复习课除了读写背,就是练习、做题,学生兴趣索然。我们对待复习课应当像新授课一样,在教学中仍然采用说说、唱唱、玩玩、演演等方式,激发并持久保持学生的学习兴趣。而在复习过程中的学生习惯培养要突出以下几方面:标准的语音语调:教师要培养学生听录音的好习惯,在复习中反复听录音有助于学生模仿纯正地道的语音语调,久而久之,学生的发音就会胜过老师,听力也得到很好的锻炼和提高。良好的做
大学英语四级(选词填空)专项训练汇编
2011年6月大学英语四级真题 Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. The popular notion that older people need less sleep than younger adults is a myth, scientists said yesterday. While elderly people __47__ to sleep for fewer hours than they did when they were younger, this has a(n) __48__ effect on their brain's performance and they would benefit from getting more, according to research. Sean Drummond, a. psychiatrist (心理医生) at the University of California, San Diego, said older people are more likely to suffer from broken sleep, while younger people are better at sleeping __49__ straight through the night. More sleep in old age, however, is __50__ with better health, and most older people would feel better and more __51__ if they slept for longer periods, he said. “The ability to sleep in one chunk (整块时间) overnight goes down as we age but the amount of sleep we need to __52__ well does not change,” Dr Drummond told the American Association for the Advancement of Science conference in San Diego. “It's __53__ a myth that older people need less sleep. The more healthy an older adult is, the more they sleep like they did when they were __54__. Our data suggests that older adults would benefit from __55__ to get as much sleep as they did in their 30s. That's __56__ from person to person, but the amount of sleep we had at 35 is probably the same amount as we need at 75.” 答案Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth) 47 N tend 48 L negative 49 H efficiently 50 B associated 51 A alert 52 J function/ 53 F definitely 54 O younger 55 E continuing56 G different 文章大意：本文主要讲述的是关于老年人睡眠的问题：是否老年人与年轻人相比只需要较少的睡眠时间？ 2010年12月英语四级考试真题 Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. What determines the kind of person you are? What factors make you more or less bold, intelligent, or able to read a map? All of these are influenced by the interaction of your genes and the environment in which you were 47 . The study of how genes and environment interact to influence 48 activity is known as behavioral genetics. Behavioral genetics has made important 49 to the biological revolution, providing information about the extent to which biology
初中英语语音的知识点总复习含解析
一、选择题 1．从A、B、C、D四个选项中找出所含元音音素不同的一个。 A．Bob B．dog C．orange D．photo 2．She didn't have a good_____/ sli:p/ last night, so she looked tired. A．sleep B．sheep C．shape D．shop 3．We should stress(重读) ______ syllable when we read the word “potato”． A．the first B．the second C．the third D．the last 4．下列各组字母中，不符合字母顺序的为________. A．C; D; E B．D; G; J C．L; M; N D．A; L; J 5．If I had one million dollars, I’d give it away to ______________/′medik?l/ research. A．medicine B．medical C．magazine D．metal 6．根据朗读基本知识要求，以下哪个句子应该在句末读升调？ A．When do you get up every day? B．Which subject do you like better, English or Chinese? C．Can I try it again? D．Here you are. 7．以下字母有相同元音因素的是 A．A, H B．L, O C．E, Q D．I, X 8．下列四个选项中划线部分读音全部相同 ．．．．的是__________。 A．head bread eat B．look afternoon good C．thank there three D．here idea ear 9．In the following words, which underlined letter has a different sound from the others? A．produce B．product C．promise 10．The underlined part(下划线部分) in is pronounced(发音)differently. A．book B．cool C．foot D．good 11．Choose one of the letters with different pronunciation. A．cake B．face C． apple D．late 12．Which sound goes with the word "burn"? A．/b?n/ B．/br?n/ C．/br?:n/ D．/b?: n/ 13．Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from others? A．Scientists found that dinosaurs all died of disease. B．Disneyland was created by Walt Disney. C．Believe me, we come in peace. D．How is the man dealing with trouble? 14．I have a pet / k?t / , it’s very smart . A．cat B．cut C．coat D．cute 15．which of the following words has a different stress(重音)?
初三英语在线一对一学习
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