最新动词短语及辨析总结说课讲解
2010高考二轮复习英语教案
专题五动词和动词短语
【专题要点】动词和动词短语是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词，其主要考点概览如下：
1.实义动词sell, write, wash, wear等词的主动形式后跟副词表示被动意义；
2.happen, occur, break out, come out, belong to等词为不及物动词或短语，无被动形式；
3.同义、近义或结构近似的动词或短语动词的辨析；
4.由get, turn, break ,take, set, come等动词构成的动词短语；
5.have和get 常见的用法；
6.appear, seem和look的用法与区别。
【考纲要求】动词和动词短语，在历年高考题中所占比例最大，设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语意义的理解和运用能力。主要出现在单项选择及完形填空中，考纲要求在复习备考中要掌握以下几个方面:
1.动词的词义；
2.动词搭配；
3.动词短语；
4.及物动词和不及物动词的特殊用法；
5.常用动词的用法；
6.熟记16个高频动词构成的短语用法（break, bring, call, come, cut, give, go, get, hold, look, make, put, set, take, turn, set等）
【教法指引】考查动词词义辨析和动词短语辨析是高考命题的基本形式，教师在引导学生复习备考中，要把握考纲要求，重点突出，找出易混点，重点词、词组，高频词、词组，正确辨析动词的同义词、近义词，动词短语的相近形式和意义，引导学生理解句意、语境通过辨析、理解语境，在训练中掌握这项考点。
【知识网络】动词和动词短语
一、动词的分类
根据意义和句法作用，英语动词可分为四类：
1.行为动词（实义动词）
①及物动词（带宾语）：study, develop;
②不及物动词（不带宾语）work, swim, go, come
③状态动词（相对静止）contain, exist, own, prefer, belong
④动作动词延续性（work, stay）；非延续性（marry, go, come）
2.系动词
①表示人或事物的特征和状态：be, feel, look, seem, taste, appear, sound
②表示状态的变化：turn, go, become, get, fall, grow
③表示某种状态的延续或持续：remain, keep, stay
3.助动词（与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语）：
be(am,is,are),do(does,did);have(has);will,would,shall
4.情态动词：can(could),may(might),must,shall(should)
二、动词及动词短语
（一）、动词词义辨析
动词是是各类考试的重点，高考试题中，单项填空、完形填空和改错等三项题型中，动词辨义的比重较大，并逐年增加。动词辨义主要指：
1、形状相同的动词之间辨义。如：lie, lay; hanged, hung; rise, raise; sit, seat等。
2、意义相近的动词之间辨义。如：borrow, lend; speak, say, talk; hope, wish等。
3、动词与其它词形相近、意义相似的词的辨义。如：advise, advice; cost, worth; pass, past 等。
4、意义不同，但容易混淆的动词的辨义。如：explain, say; discover, invent, uncover; find, find out 等。
5、某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨义。如：ask, give, call, make, find, get, keep, want, see, hear等。
6、某些常用动词短语的辨义。如：give in, give up, turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up等。（二）、易混动词归纳对比
1、lay（放）, lie（躺）与lie（说谎）：这三个易混动词构成见下表：
2、rise和raise：rise是不及物动词，其过去式是rose，过去分词是risen，而raise是及物动词，是规则动词。
3、hear与listen to：hear侧重点是听到，听见什么，而listen to是侧重于听的倾向，但hear 用于无意中的听见，而listen to却用于集中注意力的听。
4、see, watch和look：see用作看电影，剧目；watch则用作看电视比赛，而watch还有在旁观看之意。如：Are you going to play or only watch?；look一般用作不及物动词，只是当盯着某人看时用作及物动词，如：The little boy looked me in the face.（小男孩直盯着我的脸。）
5、wind和wound：wind意为蜿蜒而行，其过去式与过去分词都是wound，而动词原形wound
意为伤害，其过去式、过去分词都是wounded。
6、hang的用法：hang有两个意思：一为悬挂，是不规则动词，过去式、过去分词都是hung；二为绞刑，是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。
7、hear的过去分词born与borne：bear作为出生讲有两个过去分词born，borne。只有当be+born…短语后没有by介词短语时，才可用born。如:He was born in Shanghai. 而作它用时要用borne。如：She has borne five children. 但如果作忍受讲，则一律用borne。
8、sit与seat：seat为及物动词时是作容纳讲，sit只是表示一动作。seat如果表示就座时要用be seated。如：They were seated at their desks. 或用seat oneself, 比如:I seated myself in the armchair.
9、borrow, lend与keep：借入英文中用borrow，借出用lend，但这两个词都是截止性动词或瞬间动词，不能用于长时间的动作，所以我能借多久应用keep。
10、win与beat：win作胜、赢讲时其后应接，a game, an argument, a battle, a prize, a contest, a race,
a bet，但不能接人，如果接人则有另外的含意。如:I have won him. 即我已说服他了，我赢得他的好感。而beat是及物动词为击败、胜过讲，直接接人、队。
11、steal与rob：steal为偷。rob为抢，其用法不同。steal其后接物+from+某人、某地，而rob 其后接人+of+抢的物品。
12、fit与suit：fit与suit均可作合适讲，但英文中却用在不同的地方。如fit用于尺寸大小的合适，而suit则多用于颜色式样的合适。
13、take, bring 与fetch：英文中拿三个词，即拿来，拿去，去取然后回来(即双程)。所以拿来，带来是bring，拿去带走是take，而去取回来是fetch。
14、shut与close：shut与close有时是可以互换的，但有些地方则不可这样做。如:在正式场合多用close，而在命令，态度粗暴的场合则用shut。如:Shut your mouth!(闭嘴)；又如:Shut up. 在指铁路、公路交通关闭或停止使用的场合，则要用close。
15、answer与reply：作为回答讲answer是及物动词，如作不及物动词，则意义不同，如answer for，意为向某人或向某事负责。而reply作回答讲是不及物动词，后跟宾语时，要加上to。16、reach，arrive与get to：reach当到达讲是及物动词，而当延伸和拿得到、拿不到时讲，则是不及物动词。作到达讲时还有get to, arrive(at/in)。
17、cost，spend与take：英文中花费有三个词cost, spend, take，但各有不同用法。cost作“花费”讲，主语不能是人，而spend的主语不能是物。如: she spent all his money on stamps.而take 作花费讲时，可用人也可用物做主语。更多的用法是用形式主语it，如It takes me three hours to
finish this work.
18、lost, gone与missing：作补足语时意为丢失、不见了，可以用lost, gone，但要用miss时则不能用missed, 而要用missing.
19、have on, wear, put on及dress：作穿衣服讲的动词分为状态和动作两种。have on与wear 作穿着状态讲;但have on不用进行时态，而wear则常要用进行时态。put on是动作，但dress 既可用作状态，又可用作穿衣动作，但用作状态时要用其过去分词作形容词如:He was dressed in a b1ue suit作动作讲时，其后不要接衣物而要接反身代词或表示人、物的名词，如：I dress my children in the morning every day.
20、begin与start
begin与Start 均可作开始讲，并无多少区别，同样可接不定式或动名词，但在下面的场合多要用Start：1)机器的开动发动；2)旅途的开始。如:we shou1d have to start early because there was
a lot traffic in the street。
21、allow 与permit
allow与permit其后直接接动作时要用动名词，如接人后再接动词则要用不定式，所以用在被动语态时一定要用不定式。如：People are not allowed to spit.
22、find与found
find找到的过去式和过去分词都是found，而found是动词“建立”的原形，其过去式和过去分词是founded，founded，如：The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949.
23、speak, say, talk 与tell
英文中讲有4个词，speak, say, talk, tell，但其中speak, talk多用作不及物动词，但speak后加语言名词时则用作及物动词，如：Please speak English。而say与tell是及物动词，其中tell 常用作接双宾语，如：Tell me a story。但也有些特定的习惯用法，如：在作讲实话，讲谎言，表示时间常用单宾语而不能换其它词，如：My watch was broken. It couldn’t tell time correctly。在书信、便条、海报上写着英文应为It said …。在作辨别不同讲时是tell，如：Can you tell me the difference between the two？而讲别人好坏话时用speak，如：The father always speaks well of his son.。
24、excuse me 与sorry
excuse me用于来打拢对方前以提醒对方注意的提示语，而sorry则表达因作了某事向对方道歉。
25、care for 与care to do
care for其后要接不定式时则要省去for或换用名词，如：Would you care for a cup of tea？但care for作照顾讲时与look after相同。
26、与名词易混的动词有：advise(v.), advice (n.); accept(v.), except(prep.); pass(v.), past(prep.); bathe(v.), bath(n.); breathe(v.), breath(n.); choose(v.), choice(n.); succeed(v.), success(n.);
27、意义相近的动词：ring摇铃，打铃，电话铃响，strike专指敲钟，打几点，撞击；suggest 提出实验性或推测性的建议，advice表示对经验不足人的一种忠告；look由视觉得出的印象，seem暗示一定根据的判定，appear外表印象而实际或结果并非如此；stay停留，逗留，remain 遗物，某物被取走一部分后剩余部分；discover（发现）找到早已存在但未被人所了解的东西，invent（发明）研制出不存在的东西；remember记忆起以前经历或知道的事，remind提醒某人做某事。
28、动词+ 副词+ 介词：catch up with, look forward to, come up with, keep up with, go in for, look down on, get on with …
29、动词+ 介词to的词组有：come to, stick to, object to, agree to, turn to, attend to, belong to, devote to, reply to …
30、与in相结合的动词有：give in, hand in, bring in, drop in, succeed in, take in, check in, engage in, fill in, trade in …
（三）动词短语
动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。有关动词短语的测试点主要涉及结构上选用恰当的搭配词，不同搭配含意上的辨异及不同短语的辨异。需掌握以下要点：
1、根据动词短语的不同特点，掌握其运用规律。
(I)动词+副词(不及物)
Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left. 晚会后，人们都已离去，哈里出现了。(2)动词+副词(及物)
Please turn every light in the house off. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。
注意：①如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开。如：She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。②如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间。如：She gave them away. 她送掉了它们。
(3)动词+介词(及物)
I'm looking for my glasses. 我在找我的眼镜。
注意：①当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。②动词短语可以放在句子或从句末尾。
如：She's got more work than she can cope with. 她的工作多得使她应付不了。
(4)动词+副词+介词
I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就见到你。
注：“动词+介词”、“动词+名词+副词”、“动词+副词+介词”，这三种搭配都是及物的，如变成被动语态，不可漏掉介词。In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after) 这样一来，粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。
2、熟悉同一动词和不同介词或副词、不同的动词和同一介词或同一副词搭配在意义上的差异。
(1)同一动词和不同介词搭配时，意义上的差异。如：①hear from收到…的来信，hear of听说。
②look after照料，look at看，look for寻找。
(2)同一动词和不同副词搭配时，意义上的差异。如：①ring back回电话, ring off挂断电话, ring up打电话②put away放好, put on穿，上演, put up挂起，举起。
(3)不同动词和同一介词搭配时，在意义上的差异。如：look for寻找, call for去取(某物)，去接(某人), ask for请求, wait for等候, send for派人去叫。
(4)不同动词和同一副词搭配时，在意义上的差异。如：①break out发生，爆炸, carry out进行，开展, go out熄灭, hand out分发, let out放出, look out当心, sell out卖完, set out出发, take out 取出, work out算出。②break down出毛病, come down落下来, get down下车, take down取下, write down写下。
（四）、常见高频动词短语总结
1. break
break away 摆脱；逃跑
break down （机器）出故障；中断；分解
break into 闯入；打断；突然中断
break off 中断；折断；突然停止
break out 突然发生；爆发
break through 突破；克服；挣脱而出
break up 打碎；中断；分解
break in 破门而入；打断（谈话）；插嘴
2. bring
bring about 引起；造成
bring down 使倒下；使下降；使受挫折
bring forward 提出；提前（=put forward）bring into operation实施；使生效
bring out 显示出来；出版；生产bring up 提出；教育；培养；吐出bring back 把---送回；使想起；恢复bring in 引进；挣得
3. call
call for 需要；要求；邀请
call off 取消；停止
call on 拜访；看望；号召
call up 打电话；使人想起；召集call at 访问
call in 请来；召集
call back 回电话；召回
4. come
come about 发生
come across 偶遇；碰到；讲清楚
come along 进展；成功；一道走
come into effect 生效
come off 发生；举行；成功
come on 快点；走吧；有进展
come out 出来；结果是出版
come round/around再现；恢复知觉；改变看法come through 经历；获得成功
come to 苏醒；达到；总数为
come up 发生；走上前去;(时间)快到come up to 达到（高度、程度）；符合come up against 碰到（困难）
come up with 赶上；提出
come back 回来；反驳
come true 变为现实
5. cut
cut across 绕劲道穿过；超越；遮住
cut back 削减；终止；急忙返回
cut down 削减；减少
cut in 插嘴；打断；突然出来
cut off 切断；中断；隔绝
cut out 删掉；戒掉
cut short 中断；打断；缩短
6. carry
carry on 继续；坚持
carry out 执行；实施
carry through 帮助度过难关；完成；实现
7. die
die away 渐弱
die down 熄灭；平静下来
die of 因----（病）死亡
die from 因----（外部原因）死亡
die out 灭绝；绝种
be dying to do sth. 迫切想做某事
8. give
give away 赠送；颁发；泄露；告发；失去
give out 分发；公布；公开；用完（vi）;耗尽（vi）
give off 发出；放出
give up 放弃；自首；将-----交给某人（to sb.）;对某人不报希望（on sb.）give in 屈服；投降；让步；上交；呈交
9. go
go along 进展；陪同前往
go by 时间过去；经过；遵守
go down 下降；下沉；下跌
go for 去；选择；想要；攻击（用语言）
go in for 从事；爱好；参加（选拔赛、考试等）
go into 研究；调查，从事
go off 离开；爆炸；食品变坏；断电；熄灭；（与副词连用或用于疑问句）进行；发生
go on 继续进行；发生；上场
go out 离开；熄灭；过时
go over 浏览；仔细查看；检查；审查
go through 通过；经历（苦难）；仔细检查
go up 上升；增长；涨价
10. get
get through 浏览；翻阅；经历困难（痛苦）；做完某事
get in 收割；收获；收集；购买；买进；插话
get over 克服；战胜；熬过；做完；结束；走完
get on 继续；进行；上车
get round 传播；散播；说服某人；回避；避开
get about 四处走动；传开
get across 传达；使---让人理解
get along/on (with) 进展；相处
get down 记下；下来；下车；使---人忧愁
get down to(介词) 开始认真干
get back 恢复；回来；收回
get out 泄露；逃离
get tighter 聚会；收集
11. hold
hold back 阻碍；阻止；控制；抑制；隐瞒；保留；犹豫不决
hold up 举起；抬起；拿起；支撑；耽搁；使停顿；拦劫；抢劫；举出，提出
hold out 维持；坚持；伸出；拿出
hold off 拖延；延迟
12. keep
keep away(from) 使远离
keep back 扣除，保留；隐瞒
keep off 避开；不接近
keep on 继续
keep out 挡在外边；（警示语）请勿靠近
keep up 保持，不低落；持续，继续
keep up with 跟上
13. look
look after 照顾；关心
look out 看；当心；查阅；观察
look back 回头看；回顾
look down on/upon轻视；看不起
look for 寻找；寻求；期望
look forward to 盼望；期待
look in 顺便看望；顺便拜访
look into 调查，深入了解
look on 观看；旁观
look over 翻阅；浏览
look through 浏览；详细调查
look up 查阅；查出
14. make
make for 向----前进，快速走向
make out 理解，领悟；辨认出，写出
make up 组成，占----比例；弥补，补偿；捏造
make up for 弥补，补偿
make up of 由---组成；包含有
15. pick
pick out 挑出；分辨出；区别出
pick up 拿起；捡起；收拾；偶然获得，学会，接收（节目）；（开车）去接；（顺便）捎带
16. put
put across 解释清楚；使人接受
put aside 放在一边；储存；保留
put away 放好；收好
put down 写下；记下；镇压
put forward 提出；推荐；把---提前
put in 伸进；提出；提交；申请，请求
put in for 申请；正式要求
put off 延期；推迟；关掉；阻止，妨碍
put on 穿上；戴上；上演；增加（体重）
put out 熄灭；关灯；生产出，出版
put up 举起；修建；提供
put up with 忍受；容忍
put through （把电话）接通；做完；向—传达，提出（to sb.）；使经受—的考验17. send
send away 送走；解雇
send for 派人去请
send out 发送；长出；发出（光、信号等）
send up 上升；发射
18. set
set about 开始做，着手
set apart 使分离；使显得突出
set aside 留出；拨出
set back 推迟，阻碍；使花费
set down 记下，写下
set off 动身出发；引起；使爆炸（cause to explode）
set out 动身出发；引起;表示“着手做”时后跟动词不定式
set up 建立；创立；引起
19. take
take after 与----相似
take apart 拆卸（机器）
take away 拿走；时离开；消除（病痛等）
take down 记下来；拆掉
take for （错）当作；（误）认为
take in 吸收；接受；领会；欺骗
take off 起飞；匆匆离去；脱下
take on 呈现；采纳；承担，从事
take one’s time 不要着急，慢慢地做
take over 接收，接管，取代
take to 喜欢；养成---的习惯
take up 占据，占（时间、空间）；开始从事
20. turn
turn down 关小，调低，拒绝
turn off 关上/掉；转向；（使某人感到厌烦）
turn out 关（灯）；制造；结果是；原来是；培养
turn over （使）翻转/身；移交；周转；仔细考虑
turn to 求助于；（使）转向；（把注意力等）转向；翻书到turn up 开大；被发现，被找到；到达；露面
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stand for 代表,表示hope/wish for 希望得至0 beg for 乞求look for 寻找hunt for 寻找charge for 收费,要价take for 误以为…是come for来拿,来取 5. 动词+down burn down 烧毁take down记下,记录cut down削减，砍倒pass down 传下来calm down平静下来settle dow n 安家 tear down 拆毁,拆除break down 坏了，垮了，分解turn down 调小,拒绝slow down慢下来put down记下,写下,镇压bring down 使… 降低，使倒下come down下落,传下 6. 动词+at come at 向...袭击 run at冲向，向…攻击 tear at 用力撕stare at 凝视gla nee at 匆匆一瞥knock at敲门,窗等smile at 冲某人笑aim at 向…瞄准wonder at 惊讶shout at 冲某人嚷嚷work at 干…活动研究look at 看,注视glare at 怒视laugh at 嘲笑point at 指向strike at 向... 打击shoot at 向…射击call at 拜访地点 7. 动词+from differ from 与...不同 suffer from 受... 苦
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2010 高考二轮复习英语教案 专题五动词和动词短语 【专题要点】动词和动词短语是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词，其主要考点概览如下： 1. 实义动词 sell, write, wash, wear 等词的主动形式后跟副词表示被动意义； , occur, break out, come out, belong to 等词为不及物动词或短语，无被动形式； 3. 同义、近义或结构近似的动词或短语动词的辨析； 4. 由 get, turn, break ,take, set, come 等动词构成的动词短语；和 get 常见的用法； , seem 和look 的用法与区别。 【考纲要求】动词和动词短语，在历年高考题中所占比例最大，设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语意义的理解和运用能力。主要出现在单项选择及完形填空中，考纲要求在复习备考中要掌握以下几个方面 : 1.动词的词义； 2. 动词搭配； 3. 动词短语； 4. 及物动词和不及物动词的特殊用法； 5. 常用动词的用法； 6. 熟记 16 个高频动词构成的短语用法（ break, bring, call, come, cut, give, go, get, hold, look, make, put, set, take, turn, set 等） 【教法指引】考查动词词义辨析和动词短语辨析是高考命题的基本形式，教师在引导学生复习备考中，要把握考纲要求，重点突出，找出易混点，重点词、词组，高频词、词组，正确辨析动词的同义词、近义词，动词短语的相近形式和意义，引导学生理解句意、语境通过辨析、理解语境，在训练中掌握这项考点。 【知识网络】动词和动词短语 一、动词的分类 根据意义和句法作用，英语动词可分为四类： 1.行为动词（实义动词） ①及物动词（带宾语）： study, develop; ②不及物动词（不带宾语）work, swim, go, come ③状态动词（相对静止）contain, exist, own, prefer, bel ong ④动作动词延续性（ work, stay ）；非延续性（ marry, go, come ） 2.系动词 ①表示人或事物的特征和状态：be, feel, look, seem, taste, appear, sound ②表示状态的变化： turn, go, become, get, fall, grow ③表示某种状态的延续或持续：remain, keep, stay 3.助动词(与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语) be(am,is,are),do(does,did);have(has);will,would,shall 4.情态动词：can(could),may(might),must,shall(should)
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高考常见动词短语积累归纳总结
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