5种基本句型讲义

Grammar: Basic Sentence Patterns

1.主语+谓语

这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，这些动词常见的有：appear, apologize,arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise,等等

Fools seldom differ. 愚蠢的人大多一样。

The students work very hard.学生们学习很努力。

She apologized to me again. 她再次向我道歉。

The accident happened yesterday evening.事故是昨天晚上发生的。

2.主语+系动词+表语

系动词：be

半系动词:1)变得，成为become, fall, get, go, turn, run

2)保持某种状态:remain, continue, lie, keep,

3)看起来，好象：appear, look, seem

4)感觉动词：smell, taste, feel, sound

做表语用的成分：名词，副词，代词，形容词，不定式，介词短语

The picture is nice.

The picture looks nice.

The weather continued warm.

Remain quiet, appear good, fall ill, stay calm

To know the disease is half the cure.

Granny is in good health. 介词短语

My intention was to help him. 不定式

3.主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语

作宾语的成分常是：名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。

You can put the books in your bag.你可以把书放在书包里。

Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables.我们这里的农民种很多种蔬菜。

She lost the chance to make her appearance on the stage.她失去了在舞台上露面的机会。

I want some coffee.

1)短语动词bring about:带来，造成

put off: 推迟

call off:取消

I prefer to make web pages.我更喜欢做网页。

2)动词+副词构成的短语动词

宾语如果是代词，放在中间, 如果是名词，放在后面

put off: Put it off

put off the meeting

4.主语+谓语（及物动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语：

S + V + O + O = S + V + O +to/for +O

这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”。如：

He gave me a present.

1) 间接宾语可以移动到直接宾语后面，然后在其前面加上一个介词to(表示动作的承受

者)for(表示动作的受益者)

（需借助to的动词）：bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, read, return, send, show, teach, tell, ask,leave,mail, throw, take, write,等。

（需借助for 的动词）：build, buy, call, change, cook, choose, do, draw, envy, fetch,find, forgive,gain, get, make, order,play(演奏) sing, save, spare, win等。

Ann gave a beautiful doll to her daughter.

Ann made a beautiful doll for her daughter.

2)直接宾语如果是代词，一般跟在动词后面，如果直接宾语和间接宾语都是代词，直接宾语一般位于加to / for 的间接宾语前面

I specially cooked it for the guests.

I specially cooked it for you.

3) 个别动词如ask 在间接宾语后移时要在间接宾语前加of

May I ask you a favor?

May I ask a favor of you?

五．主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾语补足语

S + V + O + C

They made him chairman of the organization.

S V O C

宾语补足语：补充完整宾语的意思，说明宾语的状态等

We find this book better.

1)宾语补足语可以是：名词（短语），形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式（短

语），分词（短语）

I found him upstairs. 副词

I found him in a difficult situation.

I found him lying on the floor.分词（短语）

He found himself followed by a man in black.

I asked him to wait. 不定式

I saw him sleeping.

2) 常用这种句型的动词：appoint, believe, call, choose, consider, declare, find, feel, keep

3) 和双宾语(间接宾语)的区别

He gave me a present. Pronoun+v+P+n

S + V +O +O

We made him chairman. Pronoun+v+P+n

S +V + O + C

主谓关系: him is chairman

句型转换：间接宾语后移

1. Can you recommend me a good novel?

Can you recommend a good novel to me?

2. We prepared them supper.

We prepared supper for them.

翻译：主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾语补足语

1. 我们打算把房子漆成白色。

We are going to paint the house white.

2. 主席宣布我们队为获胜者。

The chairman declared our team the winner.

注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, observe, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如：

The boss made him do the work all day.老板让他整天做那项工作。