Linguistics Exercise

Semantics and Pragmatics 1. Fill in the blanks 1. _______________ is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form. 2. We call the relation between “animal” and “cow” ________________ . 3. In making conversation, the general principle that all participants are expected to observe is called the _______________ Principle proposed by J. Grice. 4. While the meaning of a sentence is abstract and decontextualized, that of an _______________ is concrete and context-dependent. 5. A _______________ act is the act of uttering words, phrases, clauses. It I the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon and phonology. 6. A speech act consists of three dimensions. The act of producing a meaningful linguistic expression is called _____________ act. The act of communicating intention through utterance is termed _____________ act. The act of bringing about an effect is known as ____________ act. 7. The maxim of relation requires that what the conversation participants say must be _______________. 8. The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called _______________. 9. The transference of properties of the source domain to the target domain is referred to by some cognitive linguists as ____________ . 10. _______________ is a relative notion. It is determined by two factors: contextual effect and processing effort. 2. Choose the best answer. 1. Cold and hot are pair of _______________ antonyms. A. gradable B. complementary C. reversal D. converseness 2. _______________ describes whether a proposition is true of false. A. Truth B. Truth value C. Truth condition D. Falsehood 3. Bull: +BOVINCE +MALE +ADULT is and example of _______________ . A. componential analysis B. prediction analysis C. compositionality D. selection restriction 4. “John killed Bill but Bill didn’t die” is a _______________. A. entailment B. presupposition C. anomaly D. contradiction 5. _______________ is the study of how speakers of a language use sentence to effect successful communication. A. Semantics B. Pragmatics C.Sociolinguistics D. Psycholinguistics 6. _______________ found that the natural language had its own logic and conclude cooperative principle. A. John Austin B. John Firth C. Paul Grice D. William Jones 7. The violation of one or more of the _______________ can, when the listener fully understands the speaker, create conversational implicature, and humor sometimes. A. standards B. cooperative principle C. levels D. maxims 8. The maxim of quantity requires _______________. A. contribute as informative as required B. do not contribute more than is required C. do not say what has little evidence D. both A and B 9. ___________ is defined as the study of meaning. A. linguistics B. semantics C. morphology D. pragmatics 10. Beauty and siren both refer to a good-looking woman, but they differ in __________. A. affective meaning B. style C. collocation D. register 3. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. ____ 1. Componential analysis is based on the belief that the meaning of a word cannot be dissected into meaning components, called semantic feature. ____ 2. Hyponymy is a matter of class membership. ____ 3. Two sentences using the same words may mean quite differently. ____ 4. An important difference between presupposition and entailment is that presupposition, unlike entailment, is not vulnerable to negation. That is to say, if a sentence is negated, the original presupposition is still true. ____ 5. If the context of use is considered, the study is being carried out in the area of pragmatics. ____ 6. The utterance meaning of the sentence varies with the context in which it is uttered. ____ 7. While conversation participants nearly always observe the CP, they do not always observe these maxims strictly. ____ 8. Utterance is based on sentence meaning, it is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication or simply in a context. ____ 9. Categorization refers to the