初中英语阅读理解的命题研究

初中英语阅读理解的命题研究
初中英语阅读理解的命题研究

初中英语阅读理解的命题研究

在中考试题中,阅读理解举足轻重,总共15小题,30分,占卷面总分的25%。试题中阅读短文内容新颖,体裁多样,图文并茂,贴近学生生活,涉及到社会热点话题,如环境污染、公民道德建设、计算机的国际化与网络化等,渗透着素质教育。

阅读理解要求我们既要具备一定的词汇量和语法知识,较多的语言经验的积累和良好的语言感觉,又要具备一定的文化背景知识和相关的阅读技能。

阅读理解题是短文和单项选择所构成。该试题类型要求考生通读全文后,能够理解其内容,然后做短文后面的单项选择题。

阅读理解命制的短文有四大类:

1. 记叙类:写人(新闻焦点人物、明星等),说事(最新发生的事)

2. 说明类:介绍最近的一些高科技产品发明、介绍一些动物知识等

3. 议论类:议社交文化礼仪、环保、谈家庭、学校、国家文化教育理念、太空探索等

4. 应用文:广告类、书信、电子邮件、便条、图表等其他类型的应用文

阅读理解命制的单项选择题通常有以下几种类型:

1. 主题思想型

主要考查学生对作者意图或文章意图的理解。可分成主题型、标题型和目的型,主题型一目了然就是找中心(Main idea);标题型是为文章材料选择标题(Title);目的型就是推断作者的写作意图(Purpose)。这类题常见的命题方式有:

(1)What’s the main idea of this passage?

(2)The main point of the passage is …

(3)Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

(4)The best title for the passage is…

(5)The purpose of the writer in writing this passage is…

(6)This story mainly tell us about…

提醒学生拿到文章后,采取快速阅读法浏览全文,理解文章大意,阅读时要注意文章的开头,结尾及段落的段首句和段尾句,因为它们往往包含文章的中心议题。

遇到主旨大意题,首先要掌握字面信息,其次对全部信息进行加工概括,获取信息内涵,得出合理主题。

2. 细节辨认型

主要考查学生对文章细节的提取能力。细节题可以出现在各种文体中,就记叙文而言,细节题可以是针对某个情节中的一些细节进行提问;就议论文和说明文而言,往往运用一些细节来说明主题或支持作者的观点,可能是一些事例、数字等。

在教学中,要训练学生细节查找的速度。要求学生仔细阅读题干,明确题目要求后,可先将备选各项过目,然后在短文中寻找相关信息,根据通读全文时对某些细节的印象,寻找解题的相关依据。将所选的答案连同题干一气呵成读一遍,在短文中得到验证。

3. 推理判断型

这类题要求学生能够根据文章提供的具体事实,经过思考分析,概括出文章的中心思

想,或推断出文章中没有具体加以阐述的观点或结论。

这类推断往往包括:数据事实推断,常识推断以及作者写作目的、态度和倾向等的推断。

做这类题时,首先要在原文找到据以推理的相关文字部分,找与事实有关的细节,加以分析,找出线索,悟出字里行间的意思。不要被似是而非的题目扰乱自己的视线,不要夹杂个人思想。

4. 猜测词义型

这类题要求学生根据上、下文联系或语境,仔细比较,猜出生词的意思。

提醒学生见到这种题型不要慌张,要将该词所出现的情景,根据上、下文仔细比较,从中得到该词的确切含义。

阅读理解题的解题思路与技巧:

1. 学生拿到文章后,先将其通读1~2遍,注意文章开头的句子和每段的首句,它们往往是对段落或全文意思起概括或引导性的句子。无论是科普性质的说明文还是故事性的记叙文,在阅读时,都应积极地开动脑筋,调动大脑中储存的有效知识和想象力,边读边设想,有时会使晦涩难懂的句子变得轻松易懂。根据文章的性质,在阅读时还要有意识地记住关键的内容和词汇,如:人物、事情发生的时间、地点、情节和结局。

2. 遇到不认识的生词,不要害怕或马上查字典,要继续读下去,根据上下文的意思推测词义。

3. 当读到文章含义不明的地方,往往是某些词语的理解没有衔接好,所以在阅读时,要注意识别代词,如this,it,one等,根据上下文判断其指代内容,注意识别省略成分,明确省略内容;注意识别表示并列,转折(and,but,or),因果(because,as,so that),逻辑关系及相关标志词,如at first,for example,then,at last,in a word等,以达到对文章篇章结构的准确把握和理解。

4. 应该先做容易的题,难题可放在后面有时间再做。

5. 选项完成之后,应趁热打铁,把文章复读一遍,用全文的主题思想来统率各个题目,并反复审核那些没有把握的题目,争取做到意通理顺,理解无误。

总之,应该学会在阅读中多思索,多分析,既要看到文章的字面意思,也要推断出字里行间的含义,作者的意图,切记做题时要遵循原文,不要凭空想象,夹杂个人思想。

带给我的教学启示:

中考英语阅读理解的命题研究涉及到初中英语的教育观,所以,我们在教学中,不光要培养学生的阅读策略,提升学生的做题速度和正确率,又要注意语言的文化特征,渗透文化背景教学,让学生具有跨文化意识,提高语言灵活运用的能力。

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对整篇短文内容有了一定的了解后,要马上看短文后的问题,带着问题去选择或判断答案。要确定所需查找的信息范围,并注意所查找信息的特点。例如:如果问题或选项涉及到人名、地名,就应该找首字母大写的单词;如果问题或选项涉及时间、日期、数字,就应该寻找具体的数据。另外还要注意试题难易,应暂时绕开那些少数较难的题目,先做最有把握、最熟悉的题目,也就是该类题可以直接或间接从文章中找到的。而对于那些要通过对文章归纳判断、逻辑推理的题目,需要再对全文快速阅读,仔细分析思考,反复比较、推敲选出正确答案。若文章短可先读短文,后看文后题目;如果文章太长,你可以先把文章后面的问题看一遍,带着问题去看文章。这样可以帮助你去掉杂念,提高阅读速度和解题的正确性。要善于找关键句,特别要注意文章的第一段和最后一段的头一句话,往往就是关键句,可以帮助你掌握文章的全貌,理解文章的主题。此外,还应该细读文章,因为有时的试题是考细节。可以边读边用铅笔做点标记,把有关的画出来。凡逢人物就圈起来,看完一数,有几个圈就是几个人,一目了然。 4. 细读文章,掌握细节 这次应细品,不可一晃而过。可边读边用铅笔做些记录,把有关的人物、事件、时间、地点、起因(即五个W :who , what, when, where, why)划出来。经过这样的处理,你对文章的内容和细节便会胸有成竹,对事态的发生、发展和解决有了更加深入的了解。 5. 理解大意,初选答案 一般短文都设有五个题目,对那些表层理解的题目可以断然选定。对那些深层理解的题目,应再查阅原文,但决不是简单重读,应找出依据,把所答案代入文中,再确定正误。在确定答案时,对文章和题中的词语应结合上下文思考其确切意思,切忌望文生义,作出错误的判断。 6. 复读全文,核对答案

最新初中英语阅读理解10篇资料

初中英语阅读理解10篇 1 Ali,who was working a long way from home wanted to send a letter to his wife,but he could neither read nor write, and he had to work all day,so he could only look for somebody to write his letter late atnight .At last he found the house of a letter writer whose name was Nasreddin. Nasreddin was already in bed."It is late,"he said. "What do you want?" "I want you to write a letter to my wife , "said Ali , Nasreddin wasnot pleased. He thought for a few seconds and then said, "Has theletter got to go far?" "What does that matter?" answered Ali."Well, my writing is so strange that only I can read it, and if I have to travel a long way to read your letter to your wife, it will cost you a lot of money." Ali went away quickly. Multiple choice ( ) 1. Ali wanted to____to his wife. A.get something B.have a letter written C.bring a flower D. say good-bye ( ) 2. At last he found the house of_____. A.a writer B.a seller C.an old man D.a letter-writer ( ) 3.When Ali told what he wanted to do Nasreddin was______. A.not pleased B.pleased C.excited D.angry ( ) 4.Nasreddin said that his writing was_____. A.easy for anyone to read B.strange for anyone to read C. too strange for anyone to write D.difficult for anyone to read ( ) 5. This story tells us______. A.not to ask anybody for help B.not to trouble others at night C.not to ask for help without money D.not to trust others 2 An old man died and left his son a lot of money. But the son was a foolish young man,and he quickly spent all the money, so that soon hehad nothing left.Of course ,when that happened, all his friends lefthim.When he was quite poor and alone, he went to see Nasreddin, who was a kind, clever old man and often helped people when they had troubles."My money has finished and my friends have gone,"said the young man. "What will happen to me now?""Don't worry , young man,"answered Nasreddin."Everything will soon be all right again.Wait ,and you will soon feel much happier." The young man was very glad."Am I going to get rich again then? " heasked Nasreddin."No, I didn't mean that," said the old man."I meant that you would soon get used to being poor and to having no friends." Multiple choice ( )1.An old man died and left his son_______. A.nothing B.some gold C. much money D.only a house ( ) 2. When the son was________, he went to see Nasreddin. A.short of money B.quite poor and sick C.in trouble D. quite poor and alone ( ) 3.The young man was very glad because Nasreddin said that________. A.he would become rich again B. he would soon feel much happier C.he would become clever D. he would have more friends

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