常见动词过去式过去分词的变化规则

常见动词过去式过去分词的变化规则

动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。

一、规则变化:

1. 一般情况直接加ed，如ask—asked, work—worked

2. 以不发音的e结尾，只加d，如love—loved, dance—danced

3. 以辅音字母加y结尾，把y变为i，再加ed，如try—tried, study—studied

4. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读闭音节结尾的动词(以重读闭音节或r 音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母),先双写末尾这个辅音字母,再加ed,如stop—stopped, permit—permitted 注：A. 以l结尾的动词,尾音节重读时,双写l,如control—controlled;尾音节不重读时,双不双写都可以，如travel—traveled(美) /travelled(英) 。

B. 特例:

picnic—picnicked—picnicked(去野餐),traffic—trafficked—trafficked（交易,在…通行）另外,还有很多动词的过去式和过去分词是不合乎上述规则的,需要熟记.(见后)

C. 读音与说明:

@

①.-ed在清辅音音素后发音为[t]: helped, liked, finished, fetched, stopped, clapped

②.-ed在浊辅音和元音后发音为[d]: believed, changed, planned, preferred, followed, stayed

③.-ed在[t]、[d] 后发音为[id]: wanted, needed, admitted, permitted

二、不规则变化

⒈ A---A---A型（现在式、过去式、过去分词同形）

动词原形（现在式）过去式过去分词

cost cost cost 花费

cut cut cut 割，切

hit hit hit 打

!

let let let 让

put put put 放下

read read read 读

hurt hurt hurt 伤

⒉ A---A---B型（现在式和过去式同形）

beat beat beaten 打

⒊ A---B---A型（现在式和过去分词同形）

come came come 来

become became become 变

run ran run 跑

—

⒋ A ---B ---B型

⑴在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。

burn burnt burnt 燃烧

learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习

mean meant meant 意思

hear heard heard 听见

⑵把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t”构成过去式或过去分词。build built built 建筑

lend lent lent 借给

lose lost lost 失去

{

send sent sent 送

spend spent spent 花费

⑶其他

pay paid paid 付

lay laid laid 下蛋

say said said 说

bring brought brought 带来

buy bought bought 买

think thought thought 想catch caught caught 抓住teach taught taught 教

…

fight fought fought 战斗

sleep slept slept 睡

keep kept kept 保持

sweep swept swept 扫

stand stood stood 站

understand understood understood 明白

win won won 得胜

shine shone/shined shone/shined 发光

feel felt felt 觉得

find found found 发现

）

get got got 得到

hang hanged/ hung hanged/ hung 绞死，挂

have had had 有

hold held held 盛，握

leave left left 离开

make made made 制造

meet met met 遇见

sell sold sold 卖

shoot shot shot 射击

tell told told 告诉

。

smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 嗅，闻

sit sat sat 坐

dig dug dug 挖

⒌ A---B---C型（现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同）⑴在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。

eat ate eaten 吃

fall fell fallen 落下

steal stole stolen 偷

give gave given 给

freeze froze frozen 冻结

/

take took taken 拿

see saw seen 看见

write wrote written 写

ride rode ridden 骑