非谓语动词英语语法笔记
非谓语动词英语语法笔记
1、非谓语动词：是一类由动词原形演变而来的表示动作，但又不能构成谓语句子成分的词，英语语法笔记!。
2、非谓语动词的分类：分词、动名词、动词不定式。
（1）动名词：其构成为动词原形+ing。它的构成与现在分词完全相同，所以要从两者的用法上区别这两类词。
用法：可以被用作句子主语、表语、宾语和同位语。
Eg:
(1) Reading affords pleasure. (主语)
(2) The football match between Brazil and China is exciting. (表语)
(3) They enjoyed listening to pop songs very much. (宾语)
(4) My hobby, reading books in bed, remains unchanged. (同位语)
原则：动名词从字面，即语法角度讲，是名词。但是，其本质上仍然具有动作的性质。所以，当使用动名词作动词宾语且需要表达动作的施动者时，可以加上相应的所有格代词或者宾格代词；然而，当它用作句子主语时，若要体现这一点，则只能用所有格代词。
Eg:
(1) His giving up smoking is encouraging. (只能用所有格代词)
(2) They enjoyed my/me good cooking. (所有格代词/宾格代词)
（2）分词：分为现在分词和过去分词两大类。现在分词在构成上与动名词完全相同，而过去分词则在动词后面加-ed构成。同时，还必须详记一些常用的不规则动词的过去式和过去分词。分词在句子中一般用作定语和状语。在详细阐述之前，必须先树立这样一个观念：现在分词表示主动或进行；过去分词表示被动或者完成。这一点是学习分词的根基！
（I）分词作定语：顾名思义，就是分词可以限定或者修饰名词或代词。现在开一个十分简单的例子：a working desk --- a desk for
working/a working man --- a man who is/was working 显然，前这是一个动名词，后者是分词。它们同作定语，但性质不同。从中我们可以看到：凡是分词用作定语都是从定语从句转换而来。这是一个基本原则！
Eg:
(1) The windows which face south are broken. ---
The windows facing south are broken.
(2) The man who is talking with the teacher is my father. ---
The man talking with the teacher is my father.
(3) The money invested in this project added up to 20 million yuan. ---
The money, which had been invested in this project， added up to 20 million yuan.
(4) The meeting to be held this weekend is important. ---
The meeting, which is to be held this weekend is important.
结论1：现在分词作后置定语，表示与主句时态一致的一个经常发生的`动作，大学英语《英语语法笔记!》。
结论2：现在分词作后置定语，表示与主句时态一致的一个正在发生的动作。
结论3：过去分词作后置定语，表示被动语态。
结论4：to be+过去分词结构作后置定语，表示即将发生的行为或动作。
原则：一切分词作定语的判断标准就是以上四条，必须牢记！其中，充分体现了“现在分词表示主动或进行；过去分词表示被动或者完成。”的基本思想。所以，要清楚，定语从句和分词作定语只是两种不同的表达方式，本质是相同的！
（II）分词作状语：与“分词作定语从定语从句转换而来”如出一辙，分词作状语同样可以看作是从各类状语从句转换而来。分词作状语共7类，分别是：原因、结果、条件、让步、时间、方式和伴随状语。
Eg:
(1) Lost in thought, he didn’t even hear her knocking at the door. (原因状语)
(2) He fired, killing two flying birds. (结果状语)
(3) (If) Given more time and money, we could have completed the task. (条件状语)
(4) Doing his homework, the girl was listening to the pop songs. (时间状语)
(5) Gaining much money, he still felt unhappy. (让步状语)
(6) Using negotiation instead of arm force, the two nations eventually solved the border dispute peacefully. (方式状语)
(7) Reading detective books, he lied in bed. (伴随状语)
原则1：由于分词作状语是从状语从句转换而来，故有时为了明确句子的具体含义，可以在从句中出现表示主从关系的连接词，往往连接词位于“分词作状语”之前！
Eg:
(1) When doing his homework, the girl was listening to her classical music. (时间状语)
(2) If given more time and money, we could have completed the task. (条件状语)
(3) Although gaining much money, he still felt unhappy. (让步状语)
原则2：分词的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。这一点是最根本的原则！只有当两者一致时，分词作状语才能成立。但是，如果不一致，就不能使用分词作状语，而要用“分词的独立主格结构”予以代替！
Eg:
(1) Using negotiation instead of arm force, the two nations eventually solved the border dispute peacefully. (方式状语) (With) the peaceful means used, the two nations eventually
solved the border di
【非谓语动词英语语法笔记】
最全的非谓语动词知识点总结
动词不定式和动名词作主语 一,作主语 ⒈不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种: (1)把不定式置于句首, 不定式作主语侧重于将来特定的某一次, 如: To get there by bike will take us half an hour. (2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中.如: ①It+be+名词+to do It's our duty to take good care of the old. ②It takes sb + some time +to do How long did it take you to finish the work ③It+be+形容词+for sb +to do It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour. ④It+be+形容词+of sb +to do It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says. ⑤It seems(appears)+形容词+to do It seemed impossible to save money. 在句型③中,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等;在句型④中,常用careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise等表示赞扬或批评的词.在不定式前的sb,可看作其逻辑主语.这一句式有时相当于Sb is+形容词+to do句式,如:It's kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to help me with my English. ⒉动名词作主语 (1)把动名词置于句首, 侧重于经常性发生的动作. 如: Learning without practice is no good. 动名词作主语时,也常用It句式.如: ①It's +no good(no use, fun, a pleasure, a waste of time)+doing… It's no good reading in dim light. It's no use sitting here waiting.
非谓语动词英语语法笔记
非谓语动词英语语法笔记 1、非谓语动词：是一类由动词原形演变而来的表示动作，但又不能构成谓语句子成分的词，英语语法笔记!。 2、非谓语动词的分类：分词、动名词、动词不定式。 （1）动名词：其构成为动词原形+ing。它的构成与现在分词完全相同，所以要从两者的用法上区别这两类词。 用法：可以被用作句子主语、表语、宾语和同位语。 Eg: (1) Reading affords pleasure. (主语) (2) The football match between Brazil and China is exciting. (表语) (3) They enjoyed listening to pop songs very much. (宾语) (4) My hobby, reading books in bed, remains unchanged. (同位语) 原则：动名词从字面，即语法角度讲，是名词。但是，其本质上仍然具有动作的性质。所以，当使用动名词作动词宾语且需要表达动作的施动者时，可以加上相应的所有格代词或者宾格代词；然而，当它用作句子主语时，若要体现这一点，则只能用所有格代词。 Eg: (1) His giving up smoking is encouraging. (只能用所有格代词) (2) They enjoyed my/me good cooking. (所有格代词/宾格代词) （2）分词：分为现在分词和过去分词两大类。现在分词在构成上与动名词完全相同，而过去分词则在动词后面加-ed构成。同时，还必须详记一些常用的不规则动词的过去式和过去分词。分词在句子中一般用作定语和状语。在详细阐述之前，必须先树立这样一个观念：现在分词表示主动或进行；过去分词表示被动或者完成。这一点是学习分词的根基！ （I）分词作定语：顾名思义，就是分词可以限定或者修饰名词或代词。现在开一个十分简单的例子：a working desk --- a desk for
常见的非谓语动词知识点总结
非谓语动词①一个句子常不能出现两个做谓语的动词②非谓语动词即在句中不做谓语,但却具有部分动词的性质(接宾语或表语) ③分类时间意义 不定式后时性表将来一次性动作 也称动词动名词泛时性概念性 v-ing形式现在分词也称动词现时性主动意义 过去分词分词形式完成性被动意义 一、动词不定式：（to）+do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。否定式：not + (to) do ; 完成式to have done；进行式; to be doing; 1, 不定式的句法功能：(1)作主语: 常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后 常用句式有：①It+be+名词+to do; ②It takes sb. + some time +to do; ③It + be+ 形容词+ of sb.(人的品质) / for sb. + to do; It is very hard for us to finish the work in ten minutes. It means failure to lose your heart. It is careless of you to make such a silly mistake. It’s necessary for you to treasure the time. (2)作表语：Her job is to clean the hall. He appears to have caught a cold. (3)作宾语：如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面 Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. We think it important to study hard. 动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如：I have no choice but to stay here. He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike. 动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如：He gave us some advice on how to learn English. He asked me what to do next. (4)作宾语补足语：He tells me to study hard. He asked me to sit down. (5)作定语：被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next, second, last, only等限定词时候，只能用不定式。 He is always the first to come and the last to go. What’s the next to do? She i s the only girl to take part in the party. I have a meeting to attend. He found a good house to live in. The child has nothing to worry about. (6)作状语：①表目的：He worked day and night to get the money. She sold her hair to buy the watch chain. ②表结果(往往是与预期愿望相反的结果、意料之外)：常放在never, only后He arrived late only to find the train had gone. I visited him only to find him out. The prisoner breaks prison two times, only to be caught. ③表原因：They were very sad to hear the news. 2, 不定式的省略：If you don't want to do it, you don't need to. 3, 不定式的并列：He wished to study medicine and become a doctor. 二、动名词: 为名词的一种。1．形式: Ving；否定式；被动式：完成式：完成被动式；复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+ 动名词2．动名词的句法功能：（1）作主语：Reading aloud is very helpful. Collecting stamps is interesting. （2）作表语:In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs. （3）作宾语: They haven't finished building the dam. （4）作定语：He can't walk without a walking-stick. Is there a swimming pool in your school? （5）作同位语：The cave, his hiding-place is secret. His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged． 固定搭配：①It is + useless (nice, good，interesting, expensive, fun, a pity, a pleasure等adj.或n)+ doing sth． It is useless speaking. It is nice seeing you again．It is good Playing chess after supper．It is expensive running this car． ②There is (no use, no good, difficulty, trouble, problem, fun, a pity, a pleasure等adj.或n) + doing sth．There is no need to do… There is great fun doing outdoor games. There is no pleasure seeing nature through dusty curtains. ③Sb. have (difficulty, trouble, problem, fun, pleasure, no good, no need等名词) + doing sth．
(完整版)非谓语动词语法讲解
非谓语动词语法讲解 一、非谓语动词的概念 动词的基本用法是作谓语。当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。 非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：to do 2、动词的ing : doing 3、动词的过去分词：done 二、三种形式的含义（基本用法） 不定式：表示目的和将来；动词的ing：表示主动和进行；过去分词：表示被动和完成。 三、非谓语动词的时态和语态 一般式完成式进行式 不定式主动to do to have done to be doing 被动to be done to have been done ing 形式主动doing having done 被动being done having been done 过去分 词 被动done 四、非谓语动词的否定形式 在非谓语动词前加not, never. 即 not / never to do, not / never doing
五、非谓语动词的复合结构 不定式的复合结构：for / of sb. to do sth. 动词 ing 形式的复合结构：宾格或所有格+doing (-ing 形式作主语时，用的所有格＋doing) 六、非谓语动词的做题步骤 1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了 2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。 3、判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。 4、判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing. 学习非谓语形式时，建议把三种形式一起来比较学习，会更加有效一些。 七、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较 1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语 a. 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。动词ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。如： ________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old. A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk (分析) a good form 暗示泛指一般的行为，用动名词作主语，选 B b. 不定式作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，即用句型：It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth. It’s important for us to learn English well. It’s kind of you to help us. 注意：下面几个句型是用动名词：
英语 非谓语动词 用法 讲解 知识点总结 完整版 最全 归纳 专项
非谓语动词 定义 不做句子的谓语，而是充当其他语法功能的动词叫做非谓语动词。分为三种：不定式（Infinitive），分词（Participles），动名词（Gerund）。 一、非谓语动词和谓语动词的区别 谓语动词的作用明确而单一，非谓语动词的作用丰富： 1．非谓语动词作名词词性（不定式和动名词） Your duty is to look after the children. 你的工作是照看好孩子。 Complaining is no use. 抱怨是没有用的。 2. 非谓语动词做形容词词性（分词、不定式和动名词） The vase is broken. 那个花瓶破了。 He is a nice person to work with. 他是一个很好共事的人。 We found the story amusing. 我们发现这个故事很有意思。 3. 非谓语动词做副词词性（不定式和分词） They are working hard to win still greater victory. 他们在努力工作争取更大的胜利。 The sick man came in, supported by two nurses. 二、非谓语动词的用法 A 不定式(to do)在非谓语动词中，不定式的用法最广泛。它在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和主语补足语或宾语补足语。也就是说，不定式可以充当除谓语以外的所有成分。 1. 做主语 To say something is one thing, to do it is another. 说是一码事，干是另一码事。 * 注：形式主语it，当不定式做主语时，特别是当主语较长而谓语较短时，常用“it”作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在谓语的后面。此种用法在日常英语中尤为常见。 It is not fair to blame them for the accident. 把这次事故归咎于他们是不公平的。 但是，当主语和表语都是不定式时，不能用形式主语代替动词不定式。 To respect others is to be respected. 尊重别人就是尊重自己。 To become a slave is to give up one's freedom. 做奴隶就等于放弃自由。 2. 作表语 My suggestion is to carry out the plan immediately. 我的建议是马上将此计划付诸实施。The question is how to organize the work. 问题是如何组织这项工作。 3. 作宾语 不定式可以充当部分及物动词的宾语，也可以充当but和except等介词的宾语以及形容词的宾语。 ①作动词的宾语：不定式可以充当部分及物动词的宾语。 Father likes to listen to music in silence. 父亲喜欢静静地听音乐。 I never thought to meet you here. 我没想到在这里遇见你。 He offered to go with us. 他提出和我们一块去。
非谓语动词笔记
非谓语动词 非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。非谓语动词主要有不定式、V-ing形式、V-ed形式三类。它们没有人称和数的变化，但是有的有时态和语态形式变化，还可以有自己的宾语、状语、逻辑主语等。 1、定义：在句中不充当谓语的动词称作非谓语动词。 2、形式：doing---动名词to do---不定式分词---现在分词doing 过去分词---done 3、后跟doing型（偏执型） a) 动词+doing：例：enjoy, keep, be busy, finish, mind, can`t help, spend+时间+doing。 b) 介词+doing：例：after, before, feel like 注意： “to”作为介词时后跟doing。例：I go to school. “to”作为不定式时后跟do.例：I want to read the English books. 常考短语：look forward to doing----期盼。例：I look forward to receiving your letter. Be used to doing----习惯于。例：I am used to walking my bear at 24. Prefer doing A to doing B----宁愿做…也不愿做...例：I prefer reading English books to watching TV. c) 后跟doing表被动 在need, want, require, be worth后加doing表示被动 例:My bag needs mending. 4、后跟to do 型（偏执型） a) 动词+to do 例：I ask you to go swimming with a shark. 记忆口诀：要想拒绝命令，决定告诉教警。 Ask, want, refuse, order, decide, tell, teach, warn 注意：否定形式在to do 前加not b) 特殊疑问词+to do=从句 注意why后加裸不定式，省略to 例：I don`t know whether to buy it. c) 后跟裸不定式省略to 记忆口诀：一感，二听，三使，四看(snow)，半帮助 Feel, listen to/hear, make/let/have, see/notice/observe/watch, help 使用规则： 1) 这些动词后跟to do时，省略to. 例：No one can make my cry. 2) 其中一感，二听，四看，半帮助动词，后也可加do/doing. 例：I see him steal / stealing. 3) 当这些词用于被动时，后跟to do(被动语态恢复to) 例：He was made to cry. 语法重点：无头鬼句型一 北京的一个年轻人厌倦了睡在地板上。A young man was tired of sleeping on the floor. 他攒了好些年的钱为了买一张真正的床。He saved up for years to buy a real bed. Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man saved up for years to buy a real bed. 1、无头鬼句型使用的条件：两句主语一致，两句意思有联系。 2、无头鬼句型使用的步骤： 第一步：确定主从句。 第二步：砍头，去掉从句的主语，如果从句的主语更详细，则换头。用从句主语替换主句主语。
英语非谓语动词用法归纳
英语非谓语动词用法归纳 非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 (1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) (2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) (3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job. 2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 (1)不定式作表语 1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。 3)如果主语是以aim， duty， hope，idea， happiness， job， plan， problem， purpose， thing， wish 等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant． (2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 His hobby is collecting stamps．他的
非谓语动词笔记
非谓语的时态 不定式 to do/ to be done/to be doing/to have done/to have been done I plan to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow. The students pretended to be doing their homework when the teacher came in. He is believed to be coming.（表将来） He is believed to have come. The novel is believed to have been translated into Chinese. 现在分词 doing/being done/having done/having been done The man standing at the window is our teacher. Being a student, he was interested in books. The question being discussed is important. Having studied in the university for 3 years, he knows the place very well. Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 过去分词 done The teacher stood there surrounded by the students.
3、英语语法学习笔记-非谓语动词
非谓语动词 谓语动词的另一个称谓叫限定性动词（finite verbs），与之相对的非限定性动词（non-finite verbs）不受到主语、人称限制、限定的动词，此类动词失去表达时间和人称的能力。这样的动词就是非谓语动词。谓语动词是句子的核心，非谓语动词职能出现在非核心的内容中。 1、动词不定式（infinitive） 不定式是指不受人称、时间的限制，通常为to+动词原形。如：To be or not to be,that is the question.此类句子被称为完全不定式（full infinitive ） 但是有时to也会被省略，如:You helped me (to) cook the carrot.此类句子被称为裸不定式（bare infinitive） 谓语动词只能作为核心成分，非谓语动词可以做其他成分。（1）动词不定式做主语 To eat a carrot every day is good for the rabbit.划线部分即为句子的主语，如果用it作为形式主语来代替主语，而将主语“To eat a carrot every day”放在谓语动词之后，It is good for the rabbit to eat a carrot everyday.（it is + adj+for sb+to do sth.）这句话也是带形式主语。 （2）动词不定式做宾语 The rabbit likes to eat carrots.注意有的动词后面不能接作
为宾语的动词不定式。 I consider（复杂及物动词）the rabbit smart. 用it作为形式宾语，I consider it important to eat a carrot everyday. （3）动词不定式作为宾语补足语 The rabbit expected the wolf to eat a carrot. see、find、watch、have、make、left这类使役动词用不定式作宾语时，必须省略to，如：Carrots make the rabbit feel happy.其他谓语动词接不定式作为宾语补足语时，是否省略to都是正确的表达。 （4）动词不定式作为主语补语 The rabbit’s dream is to eat every kind of carrot in the world. （5）动词不定式作定语 The rabbit has a lot of carrots to eat.to eat 作为后置定语修饰carrot，表示这些胡萝卜会被吃。 （6）动词不定式做状语 动词不定式作状语表达原因、目的和结果 第一种，表达原因 I was surprised to get a thumbs-up.这句话相当于原因状语从句：I was surprised because I got a thumbs-up. 第二种，表目的
完整版非谓语动词知识点总结
非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词。 表语：主语/ 不定式和ing分词均能作主语，二者有何区别？表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多 1.用动名词。作形式主2.动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it 语放在句首。1) Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here. 2) It is not very good for you to smoke so much. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. 若主语和表语都是非谓语动词, 应保持形式上的一致。 宾语：1. 有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如：帮……manage, promise, pretend, plan, offer, agree, ask, dare, choose, fail, help(want(想要) , refuse等。助)，决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 2. 有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如： practise, appreciate, dislike, excuse, forgive, keep, resist, risk, deny, advise,
fancy, ……complete, forbid, permit, allow, stand, refer to, give up, lead to, take to, set about, get down to, object to, succeed in, have difficulty in... 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。 避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。 分后既可以跟不定式又可以跟ing3.有些动词如begin, start; love, like, hate, prefer 不定式表示具分词一般表示经常性的行为；词作宾语，意义上无多大区别(但ing 。体的行为) 4.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别。go on (stop/remember/regret)to do/doing mean to do（打算）/ doing（意味）can't help to do / doing try to do/ doing be used to do / doing (used to do) ( get used to doing) ，主动表被动，deserve作“应受，应得”5.动词need, require, want作“需要”定语：分词和过去分词都可以作定语，主要区别在于它们的时态意义不定式、ing 和语态意义。分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是：现在分词表示主动、进行之意；而不定式表示在谓语动词表示的动作之后即将发生的过去分词表示被动与完成；动作。表主动关no, all, any 等限定词的中心词，不定式用来修饰序数词、最高级或系。 E.g.: The car to be bought is for his sister. / He was the best man to do the job. The houses being built are for the teachers. Developing countries/ developed countries 补语：ask, advise, tell, force, to的不定式作宾语补足语和主语补足语的动词有：1.能接带get, allow, want, wish, like, hate, prefer, intend,expect, encourage, persuade, permit, request,order, warn, cause等。”作补语。Think, consider, believe, suppose, feel 等后常用“to be.... E.g.: You are not allowed to smoke here. People considered him to be a great leader. 的不定式作宾语补足语。常见的使役动词有使役动词，感官动词接不带to 2.等；感官动词有see, hear, watch, observe, notice, feel以及look at, make, let, havelisten to等。 make, （使3）look at, see, watch, notice, observe（看5---“吾看三室两厅一感觉”◆ ）主动不加to,被动加to）2听（listen to, hear）1感觉（feellet, have 不定式和分词作宾语补足语或主语补足语表达的意义不同。3. 状语：的结果。”现在分词作结果状语往往表示“正常出现的、自然而然的或意料之中偶然的、出乎意料的”一种结果不定式作结果状语时通常表示“in order/ so as to do目的：so...as to, ...enough to, only to..., too..to结果：等的表语原因：happy, glad, sorry, disappointed 独立主格：需在分词如果不一致，分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须同句子的主语一致；前加一个逻辑主语，分词和它的逻辑主语合称独立主格结构。分词/不定式with/without+n/代词++构成：n/代词分词n/代词+不定式e.g.:The test finished, we began our holiday. I stood before her with my heart beating fast. 定语从句一、关系代词引导的定语从句指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表
非谓语动词笔记
不定式、过去分词、现在分词 一、作状语 (1) 二、定语 (8) 三、宾补 (10) 四、非谓语作宾语 (14) 练习题-非谓语动词作定语 (19) 一、作状语 1不定式作状语 1.1不定式最常用的情况下是目的状语（它在句中、句后时没有逗号） 不定式和不定式短语作目的状语，主要用来修饰动词，起副词的作用。表示某一动作或状态的目的。不定式的主语应和主句一致。如不一致则在不定式前加for sb 组成复合结构。 To become a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a master’s degree. He came here to borrow my bike. 他到这里来借我的自行车。 To draw maps properly, you need a special pen.(正) To draw maps properly, a special pen is needed.(误)主语一致？ To… only to (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……) He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。 I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。 有时为了强调，不定式前可加in order或so as。如： Bob took down my telephone number so as(in order)not to forget it. 有时为强调目的状语可把in order to或不定式置于句首，但so as to不能这样用。在这种句式中不定式部分可转换为so that, in order that,成为目的状语从句，如： I stayed there so that (in order that) I could see what would happen. 当不定式的否定式作目的状语时, 一般用“in order not to..."或“s o as not to...",不用“not to...", 因为后者是结果状语。试比较: I'm going to get up now in order not to（so as not to）miss the early bus. 为了不误早班公共汽车, 我现在得起床。 He came in quietly in order not to（so as not to）wake the child. 他轻轻地走了进来, 以免吵醒孩子。 He must be deaf not to hear what I have said. 连我说的话都听不见, 他一定是聋了。（表结果） 1.2作结果状语 结果状语只是仅限于learn（得知），find（发现），see，hear，to be told（被告知），make（使得）等具有界限含义的动词。 He returned home to learn his daughter had just been engaged. 他回家后得知女儿刚刚订婚了。 We came home after our holiday to find our garden neat and tidy. 固定句式如： ①so\such…as to; I'm not so stupid(a fool) as to put it in writing.我不至于愚蠢到会把它写下来。 I'm not such a stupid fool as to put it in writing. ②enough…to The speed is high enough for us to catch up with the first liner. ③only to---常常表示令人不快的结果
英语语法笔记非谓语动词
基础二班英语笔记 非谓语动词--- 一、定义：非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括：①不定式②动名词③过去分词，即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的任何成分。 二、形式： 1、to + V 2、ving（①动名词②现在分词） 3、ved 三、to + v 用法： 1、名词（作主、宾、表、同位语） ①例如：动词不定式做主语、表语。 Eg:To see is to believe. To see 作主语，to believe 作表语，is 是谓语。 知识点复习：英语中一定是动词（谓语）的三种情况： ⑴动词写成第三人称单数形式； ⑵情态动词加动词原形； ⑶be 动词写成am is are 或was were ②例如：动词不定式做宾语 I’m longing to see her again. To see 做宾语。 ③不定式做同位语 His ambition ,to be a teacher ,was never fulfilled. 知识点复习，潜规则3：句子很工，双逗号部分之间内容往往可以跳过不读。 ④不定式做表语： His ideal is to become a teacher . 注：Wh 开头的特殊疑问词+ to v 的结构整体相当于一个名词用法。What /when /where/who/which/why ,How 还有一个特殊的there to 例如：I don’t know what to say .相当于名词，做宾语。 2、动词不定式相当于形容词作定语 形容词做定语分为前定和后定，而不定式只能做后定。 特别注意：不定式作后置定语与他所修饰的词之间构成动宾关系，动宾关系举例：I eat a break ,不是所有动词都有宾语，非要加宾语则要加介词。 例如：I have a room to live.这句话错，正确应为：I have a room to live in . Eg :They chose to raid Mr Zhan’s shop Beause they have a very fast car to get away in 要加in I has a pen to write with. They have no ink to write in 造句：我需要一把锤子把钉子钉进去。 I need a hammer to drive the nail in with .二个介词。
英语语法非谓语动词搭配必背笔记
英语语法非谓语动词搭配必背笔记 一、动词不定式（Infinitive） 动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，一般由to加动词原形构成。它可以在句中担任名词、形容词或副词的作用。 1. 作主语 To learn English well requires patience and perseverance. 2. 作宾语 He promised to help me with my homework. 3. 作宾语补足语 I want to become a doctor when I grow up. 4. 作状语 She went to the library to borrow some books. 5. 作定语 She is the first person to arrive at the party. 二、动词动名词（Gerund） 动词动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式，一般由动词原形加ing构成。它可以在句中担任名词、形容词或副词的作用。 1. 作主语
Swimming is my favorite sport. 2. 作宾语 I enjoy painting in my free time. 3. 作宾语补足语 She kept her promise of helping the poor. 4. 作状语 He left without saying goodbye. 5. 作定语 The running water sounds very soothing. 三、现在分词（Present Participle） 现在分词是动词的一种非谓语形式，一般由动词原形加ing构成。它可以在句中担任形容词或副词的作用。 1. 作定语 The crying baby woke up everyone in the house. 2. 作状语 She entered the room, singing a beautiful song. 四、过去分词（Past Participle） 过去分词是动词的一种非谓语形式，一般由动词的过去分词形式构成。它可以在句中担任形容词或副词的作用。