《非谓语动词》完整体系
非谓语动词
非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。它虽然没有动词该有的功能，但仍具有动词的部分词性。非谓语动词可以有自身的宾语，也可以用副词加以修饰。也就是说，它可以模仿动词，但却无法当真正的动词使用。
*非谓语动词基本做题方法：判断逻辑主语和动作之间的关系(逻辑主语不一定是句子主语，动作就是选项)，主动关系用现在分词doing，被动关系用过去分词done，表示将来或目的用不定式to do。
I.如果句子中有将来的时间状语，首先考虑to do；
II.在to do结构中，主动仍然用to do，被动则是to be done；
III.如果一个动作是由一个东西发出的，肯定是主动关系，肯定用ing；
IV.选项中出现having done，可以首先考虑事情发生的先后顺序；
V.动词冲突原则。
+平时注意积累零散小点。
纵观历年高考试题可以发现，命题者对非谓语动词的以下十大考点非常青睐。
一、非谓语动词作主语
⏹to do和doing都可以作主语，表示某一具体行为用to do，表示经常性、一般性的动
作用doing。若结构过长则后置，用it作形式主语。
⏹to do作主语，它的逻辑主语可以由for或者of引出，形成如下高考中常见结构：
It is(系)+形容词+for sb. to do sth.
说明to do行为特点，不表示sb.本身特点，常见的此类形容词有easy, important, necessary, expensive等。It is impossible for him to go alone.
It is(系)+形容词+of sb. to do sth.
对sb.及其所做行为本身的评价，此类形容词有good, kind, nice, wrong, clever, stupid等。It is kind of you to say so.
注意：在it’s no use/good之后要加动名词作真正的主语，it是形式主语。
It’s no use talking with him.
[2012浙江]No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it’s better ______ silent.
A. remain
B. be remaining
C. having remained
D. to remain
根据常见句型“it is adj./n. + to do that..”，下划线处应采用不定式的形式。It作时间状语从句中的形式主语，真正的主语是to remain silent。名词也好理解，例如：It’s my duty to serve the people.
[2007全国2]__________felt funny watching myself on TV.
A. One
B. This
C. It
D. That
本题真正的主语是watching myself on TV，先行词it作形式主语。
[2001上海]In fact __________is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.
A. this
B. that
C. there
D. it
本题it作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语。
二、非谓语动词作宾语
1.有些动词后只接不定式作宾语，如：want, wish, hope, manage ,demand, promise, refuse, plan, offer, pretend(假装)，decide, agree, expect等。
She pretended to understand his words.
2.有些动词只跟动名词作宾语，如: admit，appreciate，avoid，consider, delay, dislike，enjoy，escape, excuse，face，feel. like，finish，forgive，give up, imagine，include，keep，mention，mind，miss，practice，put off，resist, risk，suggest，can’t help(情不自禁)，can’t stand(无法忍受)等。
I suggested going to the exhibition next weekend.
3.有些动词后既可以跟不定式又可以跟动名词作宾语，意义上无多大区别，如：love, like, Hate, prefer, start，intend(想要、打算)，continue等。
[说明不是重点]
4.有些动词后既可以跟不定式又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有区别，如forget, regret，remember，mean，try等。
[逐个阐述]
5.介词后可接动名词或者不定式作宾语。一般来说，在介词at, in, for, with, without等后面接动名词。但在but, except，besides接动词时，要用不定式（有时带to,有时不带to,取决于前面是否有do），例如：
She could say nothing but cry.
She had nothing to do but stay at home. (but前面有do, but后面的不定式stay 省略to,简单记作有do省to)
I have no choice but to ask the teacher for help. (but前面没有do, but后面的不定式就要带上to，简单记作无do留to)
[2006北京]I can’t stand ______with Jane in the same office. She just refuses ______talking while she works.
A. working; stopping
B. to work; stopping
C. working; to stop
D. to work; to stop
can’t stand+ doing 不能忍受做某事；refuse+ to do，拒绝做某事。
[2012湖南]We’ve had a good start, but next, more work needs______ to achieve the final success.
A. being done
B. do
C. to be done
D. to do
*need doing=need to be done，表示“主语需要被做”，need to do表示“主语需要主动去做”。题干中表达的是“更多的工作需要被完成以取得最后的成功，”下划线处应该采用to be done或doing的形式。
[2009上海]David threatened ______ his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid.
A. to be reported
B. reporting
C. to report
D. having reported
threaten不能接动名词作宾语，又因为report是他主动进行的动作。
*[2012安徽]I remember______ the doctor before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.
A. locking
B. to lock
C. having locked
D. to have locked
AB都可以翻译通，但是后面存在并列连词but，说明前后是并列关系，则该空要与后面的forgot to turn off一致。
[2012陕西]If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but______ an even greater challenge.
A. meets
B. meeting
C. meet
D. to meet
固定句型“have no choice but to do sth.”所以选不定式。
[2011四川]Lydia doesn’t feel like __________abroad. Her parents are old.
A. study
B. studying
C. studied
D. to study
feel like +doing，would like+ to do。
[2009上海]Bill suggested______ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.
A. having held
B. to hold
C. holding
D. hold
suggest doing，且被建议的行为发生将来而不是已经发生，所以不选A。
[2006重庆]Isn’t it time you got down to__________ the papers？
A. mark
B. be marked
C. being marked
D. marking
get down to doing“着手去做”，这里to是介词，且逻辑主语you和mark之间是主动关系，故用动名词的主动形式。
[2008江苏]They are quiet, aren’t they？
--Yes. They are accustomed__________ at meals.
A. to talk
B. to not talk
C. to talking
D. to not talking
*be accustomed to doing“习惯于”，to是介词，不是不定式符号。
[2010上海]I had difficulty______ the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.
A. find
B. found
C. to find
D. finding
have difficulty (in) doing 是习惯用法。
*[2007安徽]--Robert is indeed a wise man.
--Oh, yes. How often I have regretted ______ his advice!
A. to take
B. taking
C. not to take
D. not taking
*regret doing表示动作已经发生，后悔做了某事，这里没有接受他的建议not to take 这个事情已经发生了，所以用doing。regret to do是遗憾地去做。
Or很多语法书里面写的是，根据句意，下划线应表示“后悔过去没有接受他的建议”，应选用动名词的否定形式，能看懂吗？
[2006湖南]If you think that treating a woman well means always__________ her permission for things, think again.
A. gets
B. got
C. to get
D. getting
*mean+ doing 意味着；mean+ to do 打算做，故意做。如果你认为对一个女人好就意味着总是得到她的允许再做事情，再想想吧。
[2008湖南]Sue wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried__________ alone, but she didn’t like it and moved back home.
A. living
B. to live
C. to be living
D. having lived
*try+ doing 试着、尝试做某事；try +to do 努力去做某事。句义更偏向于“尝试”，尝试自己住，不喜欢的话，回来就好了；“努力”不是很贴切，因为你就算不喜欢，忍忍努力一下也可以继续住。
[2012北京]One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ them.
A. corrects
B. correct
C. to correct
D. correcting
and是并列连词，左右两边要一致，且作by的宾语。
注意：在allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后直接跟动词作宾语时，要用动名词形式，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，然后再跟动词作宾语补足语时，宾语补足语用带to的不定式。例如：
We don’t allow smoking here.
We don’t allow students to smoke.
[*要么就直接记allow, advise, forbid, permit等，直接+doing，或者+sb +to do。] [2007江苏]—Can I smoke here？
—Sorry. We don’t allow______ here.
A. people smoking
B. people smoke
C. to smoke
D. smoking
要么用smoking，要么用people to smoke。
[2011天津]Passengers are permitted______ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.
A. to carry
B. carrying
C. to be carried
D. being carried
Permit的用法有permit doing和permit sb. to do这两种形式。而此处使用了被动语态，故为sb. be permitted to do，这就是主谓结构+主语补足语，来，我们来讲主语补足语的考点。
三、非谓语动词作宾语补足语和主语补足语
1.能接带to的不定式做宾补和主补的动词有：ask, tell, force, get, allow, want, intend, request，wish, prefer, advise, persuade, permit, order, cause等。
The teacher didn’t allow the students to go swimming in the lake.
The visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
[*被动语态都是主谓结构，因为主谓结构是完整的，说明谓语是不及物动词，那么后面的补充说明内容就只能叫“主补”了，因为没有宾语啊..]
2.使役动词、感官动词能接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语和带to的不定式作主语补足语。
常见的使役动词有make，let，have等；感官动词有see，hear，watch，observe，notice，feel以及look at，listen to等。
The boy often made his little sister cry but today he was made to cry by his sister.
[*在转变为被动语态，即to do变成主补的时候，不定式符号to必须保留。] [2011天津]Passengers are permitted______ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.
A. to carry
B. carrying
C. to be carried
D. being carried
同上。
[2008全国2]The director had her assistant ______some hot dogs for the meeting. A. picked up B. picks up C. pick up D. picking up
省略to的不定式作宾补，使役动词have可接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，也可以接现在分词做宾补。
[2012江西]Having finished her project, she was invited by the school______ to the new students.
A. speaking
B. having spoken
C. to speak
D. to have spoken
根据invite的常见搭配“invite sb. to do sth.”，又因为被邀请时没有完成演讲这一动作，所以不能用完成时。
[2007北京]—Excuse me sir, where is Room 301？
—Just a minute. I’ll have Bob______ you to your room.
A. show
B. shows
C. to show
D. showing
使役动词have后面的宾补应该用省略to的不定式形式。
[2008陕西]The message is very important, so it is supposed ______ as soon as possible.
A. to be sent
B. to send
C. being sent
D. sending
be supposed to do是固定搭配，且消息应该是被送，还应该有个被动形式，故选A。
[长幼有序，首先满足to do结构，然后想表示什么主动被动时态的，在to do结构内表示。]
[3. 不定式和分词作宾语补足语或主语补足语表达的意义不同。接不定式时，表示经常性的动作或指动作发生的全过程；接现在分词时，表示动作正在发生或进行，或正要做分词表示的动作；接过去分词时，表示宾语或主语承受了过去分词表示的动作。*你可以选择背，不过和基本做题方法完全一致！]
Last night I heard a song sung in English.
[2010湖南]Listen! Do you hear someone_________ for help？
A. calling
B. call
C. to call
D. called
非谓语动词作宾补，someone与call为主动关系，排除D。hear后接不定式作宾补时应省略to，排除C。由Listen判断此处有人正在求救，故用现在分词作宾补。
[2007安徽]--Did Peter fix the computer himself？
--He_________，because he doesn’t know much about computers.
A. has it fixed
B. had fixed it
C. had it fixed
D. fixed it
后面说了，他对计算机了解不多，显然不是自己修的，而是使它被别人修（had it fixed），该动作已经发生，用过去时。因为B\D的动作发出者都是he，与后面的doesn’t know much about computers相矛盾。
[2008江苏]To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English ________as much as we can.
A. speak
B. speaking
C. spoken
D. to speak
这里作宾补的非谓语动词与逻辑主语English之间含有逻辑上的动宾关系，故应使用表示被动意义的过去分词。
非谓语动词最热考点having done和having been done 现在分词的完成式having done所表示的动作先于主句谓语动词所表示的动作发生，这两个先后发生的动作之间往往具有因果关系。
[*having done说明done这个动作发生在主句谓语动词之前。]
Having finished his homework, he went out. (先finished, 再went out)
Not having received any answer, he wrote her another letter.
(先not received, 再wrote, 判断顺序时否定词要带上。)
[2012重庆]______ to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.
A. Having been asked
B. To ask
C. Having asked
D. To be asked
逻辑主语I和动作ask之间是被动关系，人被问，所以排除BC，D表示将来或目的，并且“被要求加班”这个动作发生在“错过电影”之前，符合having done用法。
由于那天晚上我被要求加班，我错过了一部精彩的电影。
[2008重庆]______ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.
A. Fail
B. Failed
C. To fail
D. Having failed
因为打不通电话，所以就只能发邮件了。Fail这个动作在sent之前发生，所以用having done；选A则前后动词冲突。
[2007陕西]______ that she didn’t do a good job, I don’t think I am abler than her.
A. To have said
B. Having said
C. To say
D. Saying
*不定式在句首表示目的，翻译成“为了”。下划线处所表示的状语并非表示目的，由此可排除AC，said这个动作发生在don’t think之前，所以用having done。
[2011上海]The rare fish,______ from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea.
A. saved
B. saving
C. to be saved
D. having saved
鱼被救，应该用被动，所以排除BD。C表示将来或目的，本动作根据后面的完成时态说明已经发生了，所以排除法选A。
从锅中被救出的这条属于珍稀品种的鱼已经被放归大海。
[2009四川]______ many times, he finally understood it.
A. Told
B. Telling
C. Having told
D. Having been told
暗示词finally，说明该空动作已经发生过了。因主句结构完整，下划线处应该是分词作状语修饰整个主句。根据句义更贴合“已经多次被告知，他最后理解了”这个含义，所以told这个动作发生在understood之前，且被动，所以选D。
[2008陕西]______ around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.
A. Having shown
B. To be shown
C. Having been shown
D. To show
暗示词then表示“然后”，说明该空动作在前，且发生过了。BD表示将来或目的，说明没发生过。那为何是被动了？一个是句义，一个是看后面有暗示were taken，我们在被带领着参观了水立方后，又被带去参观为2008奥运会准备的鸟巢。
四、非谓语动词作定语
出于原则和素质教育的考虑，以下三点必须写出来。你可以把三点背诵，当然我不是很相信你能背下来，或者你就看看我[..]的备注，你就会发现和基本做题方法“完全”一致。
不定式、动名词和分词都可以作定语，主要区别在于它们的时态意义和语态意义不同。
[这是废话，因为非谓语动词就那么三种形式，而且除了时态和语态也没有第三态了。] 1、不定式作定语可以修饰人，也可以修饰物，表示将来意义，既有主动形式，也有被动形式。不定式作定语多和被修饰的名词具有“倒动宾关系”，即被修饰的名词是不定式动作的承受着；如果不定式是不及物动词，就要在不定式动词后面加上相应的介词。
I have an article to write today. 今天有一篇文章要写。（可说to write an article）
I want to have a pen to write with.我想要一只写字用的笔。（可说to write with a pen，但不能说to write a pen）
[*实际操作意义不大，直接用基本做题方法即可，当然你也可以背诵如上内容。] [2010山东]I have a lot of readings_________ before the end of this term.
A. completing
B. to complete
C. completed
D. being completed
出现将来的时间状语before the end of this term，故用to do作readings的宾语。[2009安徽]The play_________ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. A. produced B. being produced C. to be produced D. having produced
出现将来的时间状语next month，首先满足一个to do结构，又因为逻辑主语play 和动作produce之间应该是，戏剧被制作，不可能戏剧自己把自己做了，所以是被动关系，所以用to be done。
2、现在分词作定语多和被修饰的名词具有“主谓关系”，即现在分词用主动式时，被修饰的名词正在执行其动作；现在分词用被动式时，被修饰的名词正在承受其动作；过去分词作定语与其所修饰的名词有“动宾关系”，表示一个被动或完成的动作，相当于一个被动的定语从句。
The man standing under the tree is his father. (The man who is standing..)
The building being built will be a hospital. (The building which is being built..) [*主谓关系就是主动关系，动宾关系就是被动关系，所以和非谓语动词做题方法完全一致，引申出一个点，being done叫做正在被做。]
[2011全国1]The next thing he saw was smoke_________ from behind the house. A. rose B. rising C. to rise D. risen
逻辑主语smoke，动作是rise，上升这个动作是smoke发出的，所以是主动关系，用现在分词；
[有人说烟是被人生起来，对，汉字里面有同音字，那个是“生火”lit，汉字读音一样写法不一样，而且那个英文是lit。有人说因为前面是next thing he saw所以表示一瞬间的感觉，所以用现在分词，对，可以说初中学的很好。]
[2010浙江]The traffic rule says young children under the age of 4 and_________ less than 40 pounds must be in a safety seat.
A. being weighed
B. to weigh
C. weighed
D. weighing
______左边有很多名词，哪个是逻辑主语？children！为什么？
[*总结一下逻辑主语的判断方法：I.逻辑主语是和选项的动作有关的主语。（本题特别标准，traffic rule, age, 4都是名词都和weigh产生重量这个词不搭配）II.逻辑主语一般在______左边且离______最近。]
产生重量这个动作是孩子产生的吧，所以是主动关系，汉语我重130斤，也是主动啊。[2009北京]For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit_________ on his own farm.
A. grown
B. being grown
C. to be grown
D. to grow
Grow有两个意思，生长&种植。作“生长”讲，植物生长，生长这个动作是植物发出的，所以是主动关系，用growing；作“种植”讲，植物被种植，所以用grown。(相当于定语从句which/that is grown，很多参考书都会给你这个解释，说的很对，但是和做题没什么关系。)
3、动名词作定语表示被修饰的名词所起的作用或者用途。可以改写成“for+动名词”或者含有“for+动名词”的定语从句。
a swimming pool=a pool for swimming 或a pool which is used for swimming
[此点中考已经消耗]
五、非谓语动词作状语
不定式在句首作目的状语，在句末作原因状语和结果状语。现在分词短语在句首作原因、条件、时间、让步等状语，在句末是方式、伴随、结果状语。过去分词短语放在句首表示时间、条件、原因等，放在句末表示对前面情况的解释说明，同时与句子主语具有被动关系。
[*我估计没人能背下来，背下来也不会用，那就换个角度处理：在基本做题方法的基础
上加三个重要小点。]
Her husband died in 1980, leaving her with two children.
I.现在分词作结果状语，表示一种合乎逻辑的结果。
He went to Japan three years ago, never to return.
II.不定式作结果状语，表示一种出乎意料的结果。
III.不定式在句首作目的状语，翻译成“为了”。
[2010全国1]With Father’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank_________ presents for my dad.
A. buy
B. to buy
C. buying
D. to have bought
出现将来的时间状语around the corner固定短语“临近，在附近”，你懂的选什么。[2010福建]Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, _________ supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake.
A. sending
B. to send
C. having sent
D. to have sent
______左边有名词worker和clock，你说哪个和send搭配，总不能送钟吧，所以逻辑主语是worker，且send这个动作就是worker发出的，所以是主动关系。Or现在分词作伴随状语表示同时发生。
[2009北京]____________ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog.
A. Being bitten
B. Bitten
C. Having bitten
D. To be bitten
分词与逻辑主语在逻辑上是动宾关系，被动用过去分词。把C改成having been bitten 也对，符合语法和句义。如果用现在分词也行，表示人咬了狗，但是不符合句义。
[*高考中人和狗狗的问题，遛狗必须是dog follow people，而且一般是狗咬人，高考是普通/大众思维考试。]
六、非谓语动词作表语
分词作表语，看分词语主语的关系。主谓关系--现在分词；被动关系--过去分词[符合基本做题方法]。还有一组使动词amuse, bore, excite, frighten, interest, move, surprise, disappoint等，它们有两种形容词，现在分词和过去分词两种形式。
现在分词表示主语具有的特征，“令人…的”，即主语是物，用ing；
The speech that he made last week proves exciting.
过去分词表示主语所处的状态，“（某人）感到…的”，即主语是人，用ed。
Tom sounds very much interested in the job, but I’m not sure whether he..
[你可以用汉语逻辑的不同进行判断，不过我建议判断主语。]
七、“连词+分词”的省略
分词短语常常可以用在连词如since, when, while, whenever, once, until, if, no matter how等之后，就是状语从句中的省略[当从句主语等于主句主语，且从句的谓语动词是be动词，则可以把从句主语和be动词一起省略]。
When first introduced to the market, these products enjoyed great success. 状语从句中省略了they were。
[2010全国2]Though_______ to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome. A. surprising B. was surprised C. surprised D. being surprised
Though是引导状语从句的，又因为状语从句中没看到主语，说明被省略了，能省略的语法点只有..，though he was surprised。
[2007全国1]We all know that, __________ , the situation will get worse.
A. not if dealt carefully with
B. if not carefully dealt with
C. if dealt not carefully with
D. not if carefully dealt with
四个选项都有if，你知道if引导的句子，if在最左边，因为它叫引导词..又因为deal with 是动词短语放在一起不拆开，所以只能选B了。且情况与处理是被动关系，即情况被处理，用过去分词。
八、独立主格结构
独立主格结构(独立结构)，在形式上与主句没有任何联系，但是在意思上却与主句密切联系在一起，共同构筑成一个完整的语意环境。独立主格结构只有逻辑上的主语，没有主语和谓语，在句法上不是句子，而是一个独立于句子成分之外的特殊结构。
独立主格结构分四类：1.独立分词结构；2.独立不定式结构；3.独立无动词结构；4.with 复合结构。高考考查1+4。
[*非谓语动词是一个词，独立主格结构是一个结构，做题方法完全一致。]
Nobody to help us tomorrow, we can’t finish our task ahead of time.
With a guide leading the way, they had no difficulty finding the hot spring. [2007重庆]The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons ______ for the day.
A. finishing
B. finished
C. had finished
D. were finished
(______所在的那个小部分是独立主格结构，但是又不是考你整个结构，考的是其中非谓语动词的选择。)中间逗号说明这是一个含有独立主格结构的简单句，且课堂被结束。[2007安徽]John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ______ ,he gladly accepted it.
A. finished
B. finishing
C. having finished
D. was finished
这是独立主格结构中的with复合结构，且工作被完成。
[2002上海春]With a lot of difficult problems______, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled
B. settling
C. to settle
D. being settled
With复合结构中作宾补的分词的选用，新总统有很多难题要去解决，新当选说明还没有解决，是在将来解决，暗含将来的含义，所以用不定式做宾补。
[2012辽宁]The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog______ them.
A. to follow
B. following
C. followed
D. follows
With的复合结构，逻辑主语dog与动作follow之间是主动关系，所以是B。[*只要一个动作是由一个东西发出的，则肯定是主动关系，肯定用ing。]现在分词做伴随状语。
[有人说，现在大街上都是狗在前面，人跟着狗。你说的对，但你也不能说是狗遛人啊，注意高考是普通思维考试。]
九、根据分词选择其逻辑主语
倒着考，反弹琵琶，先给出作状语的分词短语，再选逻辑主语。
[2006陕西]Faced with a bill for $10000, __________.
A. an extra job has been given to John
B. the boss has given John an extra job
C. an extra job has been taken
D. John has taken an extra job
Faced是面对，主语应该是人，所以排除AC。B不合常理，面对10000美元账单的是John。
十、特殊结构与句式
1.特殊疑问词+to do[和名词性从句有染。]
[2002全国]It’s said in Australia there is more land than the government knows__________.
A. it what to do with
B. what to do it with
C. what to do with it
D. to do what with it
2.固定结构[平时上学注意积累，三年啊！]
以better +do=had better do
[2004广东]If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better_______ it----you’ve got some big bills coming.
A. forget
B. forgot
C. forgetting
D. to forget
Better是you had better的省略，最好做某事。
3.某人/某事+be said/reported/believed..+to do
[2006湖北]AIDS is said__________ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.
A. that it is
B. to be
C. that it has been
D. to have been
4.平行结构
[2003上海春]Friendship is like money: easier made than__________.
A. kept
B. to be kept
C. keeping
D. being kept
easier than是平行结构，左边是done，右边也只能是done。
5.固定短语
Generally speaking(总的来说)，judging from(根据…判断)，considering(鉴于)，given(考虑到，鉴于)等等。
[2005全国3]__________，the more expensive the camera, the better its quality. A. General speaking B. Speaking general C. Generally speaking
D. Speaking generally
非谓语动词(完整版)
非谓语动词(完整版) 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．Many white collars went back to second and third-tier cities only ______that housing prices there are also jumping, traffic jams increasing and the air becoming dirty. A．to have found B．found C．to find D．finding 【答案】C 【解析】C考查动词不定式。句意：许多白领回到二、三线城市，却发现那里的房价也在上涨，交通堵塞加剧，空气变得很脏。动词不定式表示现在的结果，用动词不定式的一般式形式，故选C。 2．Someone who lacks staying power and perseverance is unlikely to ______ a good researcher. A．make B．turn C．get D．grow 【答案】A 【解析】 考查动词辨析。make表示“发展成为(=develop into)”，是及物动词；turn表示“变成，成为”是不及物动词；get“变成，做成”是不及物动词；grow表示“生长，成长”。根据句意“缺乏智能和毅力的人是不可能成为一个好的研究人员的。”及句式结构可知，此处应使用及物动词表示“使成为”之意，make a good researcher 意为“成为一个出色的研究者”。故最佳答案应为A项。 3．______ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may influence genes in human bodies. A．Having exposed B．Being exposed C．To expose D．Exposed 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查动名词。句意：暴露于核辐射中甚至很短时间都会影响人体的基因。分析句子成分发现even for a short time是插入语，may influence是谓语，前面的部分应该是主语，be exposed to“暴露于”，要用动名词Being exposed to。故B选项正确。 4．Simon made a big bamboo box the little sick bird till it would fly. A． keep B． kept C． keeping D． to keep 【答案】D 【解析】
最全的非谓语动词知识点总结
动词不定式和动名词作主语 一,作主语 ⒈不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种: (1)把不定式置于句首, 不定式作主语侧重于将来特定的某一次, 如: To get there by bike will take us half an hour. (2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中.如: ①It+be+名词+to do It's our duty to take good care of the old. ②It takes sb + some time +to do How long did it take you to finish the work ③It+be+形容词+for sb +to do It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour. ④It+be+形容词+of sb +to do It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says. ⑤It seems(appears)+形容词+to do It seemed impossible to save money. 在句型③中,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等;在句型④中,常用careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise等表示赞扬或批评的词.在不定式前的sb,可看作其逻辑主语.这一句式有时相当于Sb is+形容词+to do句式,如:It's kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to help me with my English. ⒉动名词作主语 (1)把动名词置于句首, 侧重于经常性发生的动作. 如: Learning without practice is no good. 动名词作主语时,也常用It句式.如: ①It's +no good(no use, fun, a pleasure, a waste of time)+doing… It's no good reading in dim light. It's no use sitting here waiting.
非谓语动词表格形式
非谓语动词 一．动词不定式 1.动词不定式的构成：to + 动词原形（这里的to是不定式符号，本身无词义） 否定：not+ (to +) 动词原形 1.to do 作主语常用it 作形式主语 例：To learn English well is useful.→ It is useful（for us）to learn English well. 注意：在kind, good, nice, clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of. 2.一些表示命令，打算或希望的动词后只接动词不定式作宾语：would like, like（想要）, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, except等。 例：Would you like too see a film this evening? 3.在find, think后跟动词不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。 例：I find it easy to read English every day. 4.常见的一些不带to 的动词不定式作宾语 Why not do ……, why don’t you do…, had better (not) do…, would rater do…, could/ would/ will you please (not) do… 例：I would rather stay in the room. 5.一些使役动词和感官动词用不定式作宾语，但to要省略。 一感（fell）、二听（hear, listen to）、三让（let/ make/ let）、四看（look at, see, watch, notice）、五帮助（help）,但变为被动语态是必须加上to. 例：My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss. 6.不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。 二．动名词 1.动名词的构成：动词原形+-ing 2.动名词的句法功能
(完整版)非谓语的用法总结
非谓语动词的用法总结 李靖 非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）不是真正意义上的谓语动词，在句中都不能单独作谓语。但都具有动词的某些特点,可以有自己的宾语或状语，构成非谓语动词短语。不定式表目的，表将来；动名词表主动,表进行；过去分词表被动，表完成。 一．作主语( 动名词、不定式、过去分词前面加being, 动名词做主语谓语动词用单数） 1）不定式、动名词都可做主语，但是动名词做主语多指抽象的概念性的动作，可以是多次的经常的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作,尤其是某一次的动作。如： Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火危险。（泛指玩火） To play with fire will be dangerous. 玩火会发生危险。 2）用动名词做主语的句型: It’s no use/no good/pleasure doing sth 做。。.。。。.没有用处/好处/乐趣 It’s a waste of time doing sth 做。.。。浪费时间 It is worth doing sth 值得做某事 It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收 It is worth making an appointment before you go. 去之前预约一下是值得的。 3)不定式做主语的句型. It is + adj +for sb to do sth. 比较：表示人的品质时只能用of sb 如considerate/kind/nice/foolish/stupid/rude/cruel /wise/clever/brave/selfish/crazy/good/careful/careless/impolite/right/wrong等单词出现时。 It is silly of you to say so。 It is important for us to learn English well. It is a must/ a necessity for us to have a good command of the English language. 4) “Wh- + to 不定式”可做主语。如：
(完整版)非谓语动词语法讲解
非谓语动词语法讲解 一、非谓语动词的概念 动词的基本用法是作谓语。当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。 非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：to do 2、动词的ing : doing 3、动词的过去分词：done 二、三种形式的含义（基本用法） 不定式：表示目的和将来；动词的ing：表示主动和进行；过去分词：表示被动和完成。 三、非谓语动词的时态和语态 一般式完成式进行式 不定式主动to do to have done to be doing 被动to be done to have been done ing 形式主动doing having done 被动being done having been done 过去分 词 被动done 四、非谓语动词的否定形式 在非谓语动词前加not, never. 即 not / never to do, not / never doing
五、非谓语动词的复合结构 不定式的复合结构：for / of sb. to do sth. 动词 ing 形式的复合结构：宾格或所有格+doing (-ing 形式作主语时，用的所有格＋doing) 六、非谓语动词的做题步骤 1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了 2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。 3、判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。 4、判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing. 学习非谓语形式时，建议把三种形式一起来比较学习，会更加有效一些。 七、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较 1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语 a. 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。动词ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。如： ________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old. A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk (分析) a good form 暗示泛指一般的行为，用动名词作主语，选 B b. 不定式作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，即用句型：It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth. It’s important for us to learn English well. It’s kind of you to help us. 注意：下面几个句型是用动名词：
英语 非谓语动词 用法 讲解 知识点总结 完整版 最全 归纳 专项
非谓语动词 定义 不做句子的谓语，而是充当其他语法功能的动词叫做非谓语动词。分为三种：不定式（Infinitive），分词（Participles），动名词（Gerund）。 一、非谓语动词和谓语动词的区别 谓语动词的作用明确而单一，非谓语动词的作用丰富： 1．非谓语动词作名词词性（不定式和动名词） Your duty is to look after the children. 你的工作是照看好孩子。 Complaining is no use. 抱怨是没有用的。 2. 非谓语动词做形容词词性（分词、不定式和动名词） The vase is broken. 那个花瓶破了。 He is a nice person to work with. 他是一个很好共事的人。 We found the story amusing. 我们发现这个故事很有意思。 3. 非谓语动词做副词词性（不定式和分词） They are working hard to win still greater victory. 他们在努力工作争取更大的胜利。 The sick man came in, supported by two nurses. 二、非谓语动词的用法 A 不定式(to do)在非谓语动词中，不定式的用法最广泛。它在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和主语补足语或宾语补足语。也就是说，不定式可以充当除谓语以外的所有成分。 1. 做主语 To say something is one thing, to do it is another. 说是一码事，干是另一码事。 * 注：形式主语it，当不定式做主语时，特别是当主语较长而谓语较短时，常用“it”作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在谓语的后面。此种用法在日常英语中尤为常见。 It is not fair to blame them for the accident. 把这次事故归咎于他们是不公平的。 但是，当主语和表语都是不定式时，不能用形式主语代替动词不定式。 To respect others is to be respected. 尊重别人就是尊重自己。 To become a slave is to give up one's freedom. 做奴隶就等于放弃自由。 2. 作表语 My suggestion is to carry out the plan immediately. 我的建议是马上将此计划付诸实施。The question is how to organize the work. 问题是如何组织这项工作。 3. 作宾语 不定式可以充当部分及物动词的宾语，也可以充当but和except等介词的宾语以及形容词的宾语。 ①作动词的宾语：不定式可以充当部分及物动词的宾语。 Father likes to listen to music in silence. 父亲喜欢静静地听音乐。 I never thought to meet you here. 我没想到在这里遇见你。 He offered to go with us. 他提出和我们一块去。
《非谓语动词》完整体系
非谓语动词 非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。它虽然没有动词该有的功能，但仍具有动词的部分词性。非谓语动词可以有自身的宾语，也可以用副词加以修饰。也就是说，它可以模仿动词，但却无法当真正的动词使用。 *非谓语动词基本做题方法：判断逻辑主语和动作之间的关系(逻辑主语不一定是句子主语，动作就是选项)，主动关系用现在分词doing，被动关系用过去分词done，表示将来或目的用不定式to do。 I.如果句子中有将来的时间状语，首先考虑to do； II.在to do结构中，主动仍然用to do，被动则是to be done； III.如果一个动作是由一个东西发出的，肯定是主动关系，肯定用ing； IV.选项中出现having done，可以首先考虑事情发生的先后顺序； V.动词冲突原则。 +平时注意积累零散小点。 纵观历年高考试题可以发现，命题者对非谓语动词的以下十大考点非常青睐。 一、非谓语动词作主语 ⏹to do和doing都可以作主语，表示某一具体行为用to do，表示经常性、一般性的动 作用doing。若结构过长则后置，用it作形式主语。 ⏹to do作主语，它的逻辑主语可以由for或者of引出，形成如下高考中常见结构： It is(系)+形容词+for sb. to do sth. 说明to do行为特点，不表示sb.本身特点，常见的此类形容词有easy, important, necessary, expensive等。It is impossible for him to go alone. It is(系)+形容词+of sb. to do sth. 对sb.及其所做行为本身的评价，此类形容词有good, kind, nice, wrong, clever, stupid等。It is kind of you to say so. 注意：在it’s no use/good之后要加动名词作真正的主语，it是形式主语。 It’s no use talking with him. [2012浙江]No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it’s better ______ silent. A. remain B. be remaining C. having remained D. to remain 根据常见句型“it is adj./n. + to do that..”，下划线处应采用不定式的形式。It作时间状语从句中的形式主语，真正的主语是to remain silent。名词也好理解，例如：It’s my duty to serve the people. [2007全国2]__________felt funny watching myself on TV. A. One B. This C. It D. That 本题真正的主语是watching myself on TV，先行词it作形式主语。 [2001上海]In fact __________is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. A. this B. that C. there D. it 本题it作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语。
非谓语动词一览表
非谓语动词一览表
一、非谓语动词的三种基本形式的含义 ①to do：表示要做或去做，表个别行为，表目的； ②doing：做了，经常做，用来做，或一般行为（动名词） 。 表主动含义“正在做” ，形容词化翻译成“令人…的”（现在分词） ； ③done： 表示被动含义 “被做” 或 “已做”“已被做”， 形容词化后翻译成 “(某人)感到…的” 或 “被…的”或“已… 的”（表语、定语、状语） 。
（先记住三种非谓语动词的基本含义，在以下的讲解中就能慢慢领会贯通。 ）
动名词与现在分词的区别主要是： 1. 动名词充当主语，宾语，和同位语。现在分词充当状语和补语。两者都可以做定语，但是意义不同。 作定语时，动名词说明被修饰的名词的用途；现在分词说明名词的动作，即它和名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。 a sleeping car=a car used for sleeping 一节卧车车厢，即一个用于睡觉的车 （sleeping 为动名词表用途 ） a sleeping child=a child who is sleeping 一个睡着的孩子，即一个正在睡觉的孩子 （sleeping 为现在分词表正 在进行的动作 ）注意： 做定语时，动名词和现在分词的读音不同。 （a ‘sleeping car） ， （a sleeping ‘child） 。 2.动名词具有名词的性质。现在分词则没有。 ①动名词和名词一样有 a, the, my, this, Tom’s, the, some, much, a lot of 等词语修饰： I usually do some cleaning on Sunday. 我通常在周日打扫卫生。 Do you do much fishing? 你常常钓鱼吗？ He showed me a picture of his own painting. 他拿出来他自己绘画的一张照片给我看。 A knocking at the door was heard. 一阵敲门声被听到了。 ②动名词和名词一样有所有格、复数形式： He enjoys reading for reading’s sake, not for scholarship. 他喜欢阅读是因为阅读的好处，而不是因为奖学金。 He is so busy that I can’t keep track of all his comings and goings. 他是如此的繁忙以至于我无法弄清楚他的来来去去。 二、非谓语动词的各种变形 一般式 to to 主动语态 被动语态 doing 主动语态 被动语态 done 被动语态 to do to be done doing being done done 完成式 to have done to have been done having done having been done 进行式 to be doing
（初中阶段一般式为重点。请漠视 to be doing 和 to have been done。 而 to have done, having been done 和 being done 只做了解。 ）
三、非谓语动词的逻辑主语
(完整版)非谓语动词归纳总结
非谓语动词归纳总结 一，非谓语动词的形式变化及其意义 二，非谓语动词的运用及考题形式 形式1， (If/Unless/When/Though/As)( )----------------------，句子（主语+谓语+宾语-----）（1）To do-----表目的（为了），发生谓语动词后，后面常带宾语 （2）Doing/Having done----(当---时，如果，虽然，因为），后面常带宾语 （3）Done/Having been done----(当---时，如果，虽然，因为），后面不带宾〖注意〗： 1，（Do ）---------------, and/but/or/if/when/before/after+主语+谓语+-------- 这是祈使句，所以用动词原 2,（Doing/Being done）------------------is/was(谓语动词）-----------------------------------. 这是用动名词作主语 〖例证〗： 1,______（look）carefully,and you can find the differences between the two pictures. 2,______（look）after his aged mother, he gave up the chance to go abroad for further study. 3,_______(look) after yourself well is important when you are alone abroad. 4,_______(look) after well by the nurse, the old man recovered quite quickly. 5,_______(look) after well is a kind of love that our parents gave us. 6,_______(look) for the book for a long time, he finally bought it in a bookstore occasionally. 7,_______(look) after well by the nurse for two months,the old man finally recovered. 形式2 主语+谓语+宾语+------，（）+------------ 1，doing(及物动词后面跟宾语）表示伴随，结果，方式 2，done（及物动词后面不跟宾语）表示伴随，结果，方式 3，only to do表示结果
完整版非谓语动词知识点总结
非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词。 表语：主语/ 不定式和ing分词均能作主语，二者有何区别？表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多 1.用动名词。作形式主2.动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it 语放在句首。1) Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here. 2) It is not very good for you to smoke so much. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. 若主语和表语都是非谓语动词, 应保持形式上的一致。 宾语：1. 有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如：帮……manage, promise, pretend, plan, offer, agree, ask, dare, choose, fail, help(want(想要) , refuse等。助)，决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 2. 有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如： practise, appreciate, dislike, excuse, forgive, keep, resist, risk, deny, advise,
fancy, ……complete, forbid, permit, allow, stand, refer to, give up, lead to, take to, set about, get down to, object to, succeed in, have difficulty in... 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。 避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。 分后既可以跟不定式又可以跟ing3.有些动词如begin, start; love, like, hate, prefer 不定式表示具分词一般表示经常性的行为；词作宾语，意义上无多大区别(但ing 。体的行为) 4.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别。go on (stop/remember/regret)to do/doing mean to do（打算）/ doing（意味）can't help to do / doing try to do/ doing be used to do / doing (used to do) ( get used to doing) ，主动表被动，deserve作“应受，应得”5.动词need, require, want作“需要”定语：分词和过去分词都可以作定语，主要区别在于它们的时态意义不定式、ing 和语态意义。分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是：现在分词表示主动、进行之意；而不定式表示在谓语动词表示的动作之后即将发生的过去分词表示被动与完成；动作。表主动关no, all, any 等限定词的中心词，不定式用来修饰序数词、最高级或系。 E.g.: The car to be bought is for his sister. / He was the best man to do the job. The houses being built are for the teachers. Developing countries/ developed countries 补语：ask, advise, tell, force, to的不定式作宾语补足语和主语补足语的动词有：1.能接带get, allow, want, wish, like, hate, prefer, intend,expect, encourage, persuade, permit, request,order, warn, cause等。”作补语。Think, consider, believe, suppose, feel 等后常用“to be.... E.g.: You are not allowed to smoke here. People considered him to be a great leader. 的不定式作宾语补足语。常见的使役动词有使役动词，感官动词接不带to 2.等；感官动词有see, hear, watch, observe, notice, feel以及look at, make, let, havelisten to等。 make, （使3）look at, see, watch, notice, observe（看5---“吾看三室两厅一感觉”◆ ）主动不加to,被动加to）2听（listen to, hear）1感觉（feellet, have 不定式和分词作宾语补足语或主语补足语表达的意义不同。3. 状语：的结果。”现在分词作结果状语往往表示“正常出现的、自然而然的或意料之中偶然的、出乎意料的”一种结果不定式作结果状语时通常表示“in order/ so as to do目的：so...as to, ...enough to, only to..., too..to结果：等的表语原因：happy, glad, sorry, disappointed 独立主格：需在分词如果不一致，分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须同句子的主语一致；前加一个逻辑主语，分词和它的逻辑主语合称独立主格结构。分词/不定式with/without+n/代词++构成：n/代词分词n/代词+不定式e.g.:The test finished, we began our holiday. I stood before her with my heart beating fast. 定语从句一、关系代词引导的定语从句指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表
(完整版)非谓语动词用法总结
非谓语动词用法总结 非谓语动词是历年高考英语的重要考点之一，同时也是较难掌握的难点之一。它贯穿于英语学习和考试过程的始终。但是，只要认真分析、透彻理解、看透本质、准确把握，就一定能在高考中运筹帷幄，游刃有余。 ．非谓语动词区别简表
二．不定式的用法 不定式不可作谓语，但它可以有自己的宾语、状语，构成不定式短语，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语（表用途）、状语或补足语。高考对不定式的考查主要有不定式的时态、语态、作用、否定、省略、连词＋不定式等。 作主语不定式作主语表示具体的动作，通常指一件已知 的事或目的。不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 eg:To say is a thing,to do is another.（说
是一回事，做是另外一回事。） （2 ）不定式短语较长时，通常放在谓语之后， 用it 作形式主语。 eg: ① It is important to learn English well.（学好英语是重要的。） ②It is necessary for us to do the job well.（我们做好这项工作是必要的。） ③It is a great honor to be invited to give a speech here.（被邀请在这儿发表演讲是一个极大的荣幸。）2. 作宾语 （1）常只用不定式作宾语的动词有： want,wish,hope,long,expect,desire,intend ,decide,ask,promis e,aim,offer,agree,plan,l earn,choose,refuse,fail,manage,pretend eg: ① He refused to help me.（他拒绝帮助我.） ② She has agreed to come tomorrow.（他已同意明天
完整版)非谓语动词归纳总结
完整版)非谓语动词归纳总结 非谓语动词归纳总结 非谓语动词分为不定式、动名词和分词三种形式。不定式包括基本形式和完成式，表示将来或发生在谓语动词之前的动作。动名词和分词则分别表示主动和被动，动名词可用作名词，分词则可用作形容词或副词。 在句子中，非谓语动词常用于表目的、条件和原因等情况下。例如，“To do”可表示为了某个目的，常带宾语； “Doing/Having done”则表示当某种情况发生时，常带宾语；而“XXX”则表示某种情况已经发生，不带宾语。 需要注意的是，有些情况下使用动词原形，如祈使句中，“Do”后面常用动词原形；而动名词则可作为主语出现，“Doing/Being done”后面可接谓语动词。 例如，仔细看，你就能发现这两张图片的不同之处。
1.Anyone who was seen carrying bags。boxes。or cases was XXX(作定语) 2.Steam being produced XXX(作主语补足语) 3.We decided to stay at home upon seeing the roads covered with snow and ice。(作宾语补足语) 4.The building that will be completed next month will be used as a XXX(作定语) 5.The problem being discussed now is not the one that was XXX(作定语) 6.XXX(作宾语补足语) 7.XXX the air quality in Beijing。(作目的状语) 8.Don't keep the water running when you XXX(作宾语补足语)
非谓语动词教案英文版
非谓语动词教案英文版 非谓语动词教案（英文版） 一、非谓语动词的概念和分类 非谓语动词是指在句中作除谓语外的其他成分，不表示时态和主谓关系的动词形式。根据用法和形式，非谓语动词可分为动名词、不定式和分词。 1. 动名词（Gerund） 动名词是以-ing为词尾的名词形式，具有动词和名词的特点，可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等。 例句： - Smoking is not allowed in this area. (主语) - I enjoy swimming in the ocean. (宾语) - Her favorite activity is dancing. (表语) - I need more time for completing the project. (定语) - She left after finishing her homework. (状语) 2. 不定式（Infinitive）
不定式是以to加动词原形构成的形式，可以作主语、宾语、定语和状语等。 例句： - To learn a new language is challenging. (主语) - I want to visit Paris next year. (宾语) - This is the place to be. (定语) - He went to the library to study for his exam. (状语) 3. 分词（Participle） 分词是由动词的-ing形式或-ed形式构成的形容词形式，可以作定语和状语等。 例句： - The excited children ran into the park. (定语) - I saw a broken window in the house. (定语) - Walking slowly, he enjoyed the beautiful scenery. (状语) - Having finished the report, she went home. (状语) 二、非谓语动词的用法 1. 作主语
非谓语动词(完整版)
非谓语动词(完整版) 非谓语动词(完整版) 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1.The woman began to cry when asked how her husband was injured. 解析：本句中，how引导的是宾语从句，asked是谓语动词，所以用过去分词作状语，表示被动，故选A。 2.XXX tasted terrible。so it was thrown away by the child. 解析：本句中，taste与主语medicine是主动关系，而且taste是系动词无被动，因此用现在分词tasting作状语，表示主动，故选B。 3.A XXX。XXX for over half an hour. 解析：本句中，leaving与主语laugh构成主动关系，表示结果，所以用现在分词，故选C。
4.When asked for his views about his teaching job。Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. 解析：本句中，when引导的是省略句，完整的是when he was asked his view about his job as a teacher，这里当从句中的 主语与主句的主语一致，并且从句的谓语动词有be时，这时从句的主语与be同时省略，故选B。 二、改写句子 1.Being asked how her husband was injured。XXX. 2.XXX. 3.A XXX for over half an hour. 4.Philip found XXX when he was asked for his views about it. 1.The company has decided to implement a new policy to ce the use of plastic bags。Starting next month。XXX. The company has made a XXX plastic bags。From the following month。clients will have to pay for each plastic bag they utilize. 2.XXX due to the lead XXX.
非谓语动词讲义
非谓语动词讲义 一、非谓语动词定义 在英语中，不能作句子谓语，而是担任其他语法功能的动词，叫作非谓语动词。 二、非谓语动词形式及其功能 非谓语动词有3种形式：动词不定式，动名词和分词（含现在分词和过去分词）。 三．根据语法功能看非谓语动词的用法 （一）作主语 懂一点英语是一回事，掌握英语完全是另一回事。 通常用it做形式主语 1.It + be + adj. + to do It’s important for us to learn English. 2.It + be + n. + to do It’s a shame to behave like that. 3.It + v. + (宾语) + to do It takes an exceptional teacher to cope with a student like that. 4.It + be + prep. phr. + to do It is not within my power to answer the question. 通常用it做形式主语 1.It’s +adj. +doing It’s useless arguing about that. 2.It’s + n. + doing It’s no use/no good arguing about
3.There is后有时可以跟动名词做主语There is no denying that he is bad-tempered. 动名词：表示客观性、一般性行为不定式：表示一次性、具体性行为（见ppt） （二）作宾语 决心学会想希望，decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish, 拒绝设法愿假装。refuse, manage, care, pretend 主动应答选计划，offer, promise, choose, plan 同意请求帮一帮。agree, ask/ beg, help 此外，afford, strive（努力）等也要不定式作宾语。 考虑建议盼原谅consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon 承认推迟禁想象admit, delay/put off, forbid, imagine 避免错过继续练avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice 否认完成险欣赏deny, finish, risk，enjoy/appreciate 不禁介意准逃亡can’t help, mind, allow/permit, escape 此外be/get used to, look forward to, lead to, devote to ,stick to ,object to ,get down to ,pay attention to ,can’t stand，give up ,fell like ,insist on ,put off, thank you for ,apologize for, be busy(in) ,have difficulty/trouble(in) ,have a good/wonderful/hard time(in)等动词词组也要用动名词作宾语 （三）宾语补足语 不定式通常省略to。如：feel，see，hear，watch，notice，let，make，have等。 The mother will have the doctor examine her son again. I often hear her sing songs in English in her room.
非谓语动词基本结构归纳
非谓语动词基本结构归纳 一、动词不定式+动名词 英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： 1. 不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 attempt企图enable能够neglect忽视afford负担得起demand要求arrange安排 mean意欲，打算begin开始expect期望wish希望hope 希望appear似乎，显得determine决定manage设法hate憎恨，厌恶pretend假装ask问need需要agree同意desire愿望love爱offer提供 beg请求fail不能plan计划bother扰乱；烦恼forget忘记prefer喜欢，宁愿care关心，喜欢happen碰巧prepare准备decide决定learn学习regret抱歉，遗憾choose选择hesitate犹豫profess表明want想要claim要求hope希望promise承诺，允许start开始intend想要refuse拒绝decide决定learn学习propose提议 2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式 ask要求，邀请get请，得到allow允许forbid禁止prefer喜欢，宁愿force强迫request请求hate憎恶advise劝告pray请求help帮助remind提醒command指挥，掌握beg请求report报告invite吸引，邀请，intend想要，企图show 显示drive驱赶mean意欲，打算train训练cause引起tell告诉require要求leave使，让like喜欢order命令warn告诫need需要enable使能够urge激励，力劝encourage鼓励oblige不得不want想要lead引起，使得teach教permit允许wish希望 2. 有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语 admit 承认dislike不喜欢，讨厌complete完成appreciate 感激，欣赏confess坦白avoid避免enjoy享有，喜爱bear忍受delay延迟escape逃跑，逃避deny否认excuse借口consider 考虑mind 介意miss错过finish完成， pardon原谅，饶恕forgive原谅resist抵抗，阻止permit 允许imagine设想 risk冒险practise 实行，实践suggest建议hate讨厌prevent阻止save营救，储蓄keep保持quit放弃停止stand坚持，忍受 cannot help doing sth.忍不住spend/waste time doing sth. feel like + 名词感觉像动名词“ 想要” =would like to +原形动词 have difficulty /trouble/problem + (in)+doing