(完整版)非谓语的用法总结
非谓语动词的用法总结
李靖
非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）不是真正意义上的谓语动词，在句中都不能单独作谓语。但都具有动词的某些特点,可以有自己的宾语或状语，构成非谓语动词短语。不定式表目的，表将来；动名词表主动,表进行；过去分词表被动，表完成。
一．作主语( 动名词、不定式、过去分词前面加being, 动名词做主语谓语动词用单数）
1）不定式、动名词都可做主语，但是动名词做主语多指抽象的概念性的动作，可以是多次的经常的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作,尤其是某一次的动作。如：
Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火危险。（泛指玩火）
To play with fire will be dangerous. 玩火会发生危险。
2）用动名词做主语的句型:
It’s no use/no good/pleasure doing sth 做。。.。。。.没有用处/好处/乐趣
It’s a waste of time doing sth 做。.。。浪费时间
It is worth doing sth 值得做某事
It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收
It is worth making an appointment before you go. 去之前预约一下是值得的。
3)不定式做主语的句型.
It is + adj +for sb to do sth.
比较：表示人的品质时只能用of sb 如considerate/kind/nice/foolish/stupid/rude/cruel /wise/clever/brave/selfish/crazy/good/careful/careless/impolite/right/wrong等单词出现时。
It is silly of you to say so。
It is important for us to learn English well.
It is a must/ a necessity for us to have a good command of the English language.
4) “Wh- + to 不定式”可做主语。如：
When to leave hasn’t been decided yet.什么时候动身还没定呢。
Whether to drive or take the train is still a problem.是自驾车还是乘火车仍是一个问题。
5）一般情况下，不定式和动名词作主语,谓语动词一般用单数形式.如：
Seeing is believing。= To see is to believe 眼见为实。
。 Planting flowers needs constant watering。
但and连接的多个动名词作主语,谓语动词大多用复数(如果前后动名词的语义一致,谓语一般用单数)。如：Lying and stealing are immoral. 说谎与盗窃是不道德的.
6) 动名词前面可以加上形容词性物主代词构成动名词的复合结构。如：
-—--— What made him angry？
-----—Mary's /My/His/Her /Their/ The boy's/ The president’s being late（made him angry。7）过去分词不能单独做主语，前面必须加上being,构成动名词，做主语。如：
.
Being examined twice a year , whether it is a car， a bus or a truck rule that every driver must obey in this city.
经典练习：
1.It's important for the figures_________ （update） regularly.
2.No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it's better ______(remain) silent.
3.It’s really stupid of you _______ (tell)him the news yesterday so it has been disturbing
him all the time。
4.___________（understand）your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning
to convey your affection and emotions.
5.__________（worry) about your grades doesn’t help。
6.The engine just won’t start. Something seems _____ （go) wrong with it.
参考答案：1. to update 2. to remain 3. to have told 4. understanding 5。 worrying 6.to go
改错题：一个句子最多有一处错误
1。 It’s standard practice for a company like this one employ a security officer.
2. Hear how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.
3。 Know basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
4。 Do well in an interview will be an important part of getting a place at university。
5。He told us whether have a picnic was still under discussion。
6.How prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.
参考答案：1. 在employ前加to 2。 Hear 改为Hearing 3. Know 改为 Knowing
4。 Do 改为Doing 5. have 前加to 6. prevent 前加to.
二。作定语
1）作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面需要有相应的介词，如：
The Browns have a comfortable house to live in
2) 用不定式作定语的几种情况：
a. 不定式表将来如：The car to be bought is for his sister.
b。用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no， all, any，the only 等限定的中心词，且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系，如:
He was the best man to do the job.
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games。
c. 有些名词的同根词常跟不定式,因而它们也常跟不定式做定语，常见的有：promise, plan， attempt， offer，
decision, refusal, failure， ability， chance， warning, anxiety， eagerness， willingness, readiness等
I don’t trust his promise to come for a visit.
He said he had no plan to go there.
He made an attempt to stand up。
Birds’singing is sometimes a warning to other birds to stay away.
3) 前置定语：V+ing 可以表示正在进行，也可以表示特征；过去分词表示已经完成或状态请区别下面短语:
the boiling/ boiled water. 正沸腾的水(表正在进行)/白开水(表完成）
a good-looking flower. 一朵好看的花儿（表特征）
the developing countries/ the developed countries 发展中国家/发达国家
the falling leaves / the fallen leaves正在下落的叶子/落叶
the remaining money/ the money left 剩下的钱
注意:英语中有些表示感觉的动词，其现在分词形式表示“令人感到…。.的"，过去分词形式表示“感到…。的”
如：
an exciting voice 一个令人兴奋的声音 an excited voice 一个兴奋的声音
a puzzling expression 一个令人困惑的表情 a puzzled expression 一个困惑的表情
4）区别下列后置定语的用法：
to be done 表示被动、将来;
done 表示被动、完成；
being done 表示被动、正在进行；
v+ing 表示主动；
动词的系表结构直接去掉动词be;
如果是不及物动词或者是感官系动词sound/taste/ feel/ smell/ look 和变化系动词就只有用V+ing形式。Have you read the novel written by Dickens?
Listen！ The song being sung is very popular with students.
The question to be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting is a very important one。
The food tasting delicious sells well。
注意:不定式在后置定语中只表示将来,不表目的；having dong 或者having been done 一般用在状语中，不可以做后置定语,过去分词本身就表被动和完成。
请完成下面的练习
1。There are many people ______ （wait） outside the hall。
2.There are many problems ______ ( remain） to be solved。
3。The flowers _______ （smell) sweet attract a lot of people.
4。There are many people _______ (invite) to the party。
5.The film, ______ （set) in the 19th century, won the medal.
6.The meeting_________(hold) now is of great importance。
7.The meeting_________(hold) yesterday was of great importance.
8.The meeting ________ (hold） tomorrow is of great importance。
9.He is always the first_______ （come） and the last _______ (leave）。
10.He is the only person ________（know) the truth.
11。He was the best ______ (do) the job.
13。 A great number of students _________（question) said they were forced to practice the piano. 14。 John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter _____（offer） it to him。
15. After completing and signing it， please return the form to us in the envelope ______ （provide）
16. Birds’singing is sometimes a warning to other birds ______(stay） away.
17。 The room is empty except for a bookshelf_____(stand）in one corner.
18. Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail______(wait）
for her.
19。 They might just have a place _____ （leave) on the writing course—why don’t you give it a try? 20。 In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words ____(use） in daily conversations。21. Volunteering gives you a chance _______ (change） lives, including your own.
参考答案：1。waiting 2。remaining3. smelling 4。invited 5. set 6。being held 7.held 8。 to be held
9. to come 10. to leave 11.to know 12.to do 13。 questioned 14。 offering 15. provided
16。 to stay 17. standing 18。 waiting 19. left 20. used 21. to leave 22。 to change 三.作表语（不定式/动名词/过去分词都可以做表语)
1。动名词作表语表示抽象的概念性的动作,可以是多次的经常性的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某
一次的动作例如：比较下列区别
His favorite sport is swimming. (泛指游泳）
Your task today is to wash the curtains。(指一次具体的工作)
2。excited/disappointed/frightened/pleased/satisfied/interested/puzzled/tired 感到…
exciting/disappointing/frightening/pleasing/satisfying/interesting/puzzling/tiring令人…。
He is moved by the moving movie.
The film is moving。
It is a pleasant trip。(pleasant 做前置定语）
The trip is pleasing.(pleasing 做表语）
3. 注意下列表达方式：My bag is missing/ lost/ gone。 I find my bag missing/lost/gone。
4。 remain 的表语
1) remain to be done 仍需去做/有待于…
One problem remians to be solved。
It remians to be seen whether the operation was successful。
2) remain做“仍然是”讲时，可用名词，adj，介词,现在分词或者过去分词作表语
He remained stuck (滞留)abroad
Peter became a manager， but Jack remained a worker。
Whatever achievements you’ve made, you should remain modest.无论你取得多么大的成就，你都该保持谦虚。
He had to remain in hospital until he was better。他不得不一直住院直到身体好些.
This solid stone，square tower had remained standing for one thousand years.
The guests came in， but she remained sitting/seated at the desk reading.客人们都来了,但她还坐在写字台旁读书。
As before， he remained unmoved. 他和以往一样无动于衷。
注意：1）用作不及物动词，意思是“剩下；剩余；遗留”,此时不能用进行时态,也没有被动语态。
After the fire, very little remained of his house。火灾过后，他的家所剩无几。
2）remaining是形容词，意为“剩余的"，常作前置定语；而left则只能作后置定语。例如：
There are still some apples left. 还剩余一些苹果。
I bought a gift for her with the remaining money。我用剩余的钱给她买了一件礼物。
3）remain作名词时表示“剩余物”,一般用其复数形式.例如：
The archeologists found some remains of the Song Dynasty.考古学家发现了一些宋代遗迹。
5。 1）主语+ seem +（to be )+表语，表语多为名词或形容词
Tom seems (to be ) a very clever boy. 汤姆看上去是一个非常聪明的男孩。
The man over there seems to be a new teacher。那边的那个人看上去像一个新老
2）主语+ seem to do sth
be doing sth
have done sth
Mrs。Green doesn’t seem （或seems not ） to like the idea。格林夫人似乎不太喜欢这个主意。
The children seemed to be eating something in the room. 孩子们好像正在房间里吃东西呢。
The young man seemed to have changed much。这个年轻人看起来变化很大。
6。当不定式用作表语时，其中的 to 原则上是不能省略的。如：
His aim is to do two years’ work in one. 他的目标是一年干两年的工作。
但有一种例外，那就是当主语部分有动词do的某种形式时，用作表语的不定式可以省略to。如：
What you first do is (to） mix the egg with flour. 你先得把鸡蛋和面粉和好.
All I did was (to） touch the window, and it broke. 我只不过碰了一下窗户，玻璃就碎了
经典练习
1. My worry is your _______ （rely) too much on your parents.
2。 Please remain ______ (seat); the winner of the prize will be announced soon.
3。 For those with family members far away， the personal computer and the phone are important in staying________（ connect）
答案:1。relying 2。seated 3.connected 四.作宾语（不定式和动名词都可以作宾语）
1。只能用动名词作宾语的动词和短语
考虑、建议和原谅，承认、推迟没得想像
避免、继续练，否认完成停感谢
不禁止介意准逃亡
consider（考虑）;advise/suggest/propose/recommend(建议）; excuse/pardon(原谅)；admit/acknowledge（承认);delay/postpone/put off（推迟）； imagine/fancy(想像）；avoid（避免）；practise（练习)；deny（否认);finish（完成）; appreciate/acknowledge(感谢）； forbid （禁止）; mind(介意); escape（逃脱）;
此外,这些动词也跟动名词:miss(错过);enjoy(享受）；risk （冒险）；tolerate/bear/stand/put up with（容忍）；quit(停止）advocate（提倡）;resist （抵制）understand(理解）；allow/permit（允许)
feel like doing sth（喜欢做某事; give up doing （放弃做某事)； keep doing(不停的做某事)； be busy doing sth; can’t help doing sth(情不自禁); be worth doing sth (值得做某事);
have difficulty/trouble doing sth(做.。。有困难/麻烦）; have a hard/good time doing sth做..。. 很
开心/不开心; have fun doing sth 做.。。. 很开心 succeed in doing sth 成功做某事
It is no use/good /pleasure doing sth做。。.....没有用处/好处/乐趣
There is no point in doing sth= There is no need to do sth 没必要做某事
It’s a waste of time doing sth 做。..。浪费时间
It is worthwhile doing/ to do sth = be worthy to be done= be worthy of being done= be worth doing sth 值得做某事
2.只能用不定式作宾语的动词
决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装
主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮
decide/determine， learn, want， expect/hope/wish, refuse， manage， care, pretend, offer, promise，choose， plan， agree, ask/beg, help,(afford， strive, happen， wait, threaten口诀之外的单词）She pretended not to see me when I passed by。
We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
3. forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等动词或词组可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。
forget to do sth _________________ forget doing sth ______________________
go on to do sth __________________go on doing sth ______________________
mean to do sth____________________ mean doing sth___________________
regret to say/tell/inform/announce__________________________________
regret doing sth/having done________________________________________
remember to do sth_________________ remember doing sth________________
stop to do sth______________________ stop doing sth____________________
try to do sth______________________ try doing sth_________________________
can’t help (to) do sth __________________ can’t help doing sth __________________
can’t help but do sth =can’t but do sth ___________________
sb used to do sth ___________________ sb be used to doing sth ____________________
sth be used to do sth ________________________
be afraid to do sth不敢做某事 be afraid of doing sth担心发生某事
be sure to do sth一定会..。。。be sure of doing sth确信会.。。。。
Let’s go on studying Lesson 6。 (让我们继续学第六课.说明前面已学了一部分。）
Let's go on to study Lesson 6. （让我们接着学第六课。说明前面已学了第五课。)
I remember doing the exercise. （我记得做过练习。）
I must remember to do it。 (我必须记着做这事。）
I tried not to go there. （我设法不去那里。)
I tried doing it again. （我试着又干了一次。)
Stop speaking。（不要讲话。）
He stopped to talk。（他停下来讲话。）
I mean to come early today。（我打算今天早些来。）
Missing the train means waiting for another hour.（误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时）
4。在allow,advise,forbid，permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语,如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语：
allow/advise/forbid/permit doing sth
We don't allow smoking here.
We don’t allow students to smoke。
动词need，require，want作“需要"解，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语表示事情需要做，这时，动名词的主动式表示被动意义。be worth后必须用动名词的主动形式来表示被动意义。
…需要…。
…值得…。
deserve to be done/ doing ….。值得…。
The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned。
Her method is worth trying.
These proposals deserve considering/ to be considered. 这些建议应该被考虑。
devote oneself/ one’s time to (把。。.贡献给.。.）；look forward to （期望)；pay attention to （注意)； attach importance to （重视)； be used/accustomed to (习惯于做某事）；when it comes to （当谈到做某事) ； get down to（着手）；prefer doing sth to doing sth（喜欢..。而不喜欢; turn to doing sth （转向）；thanks to （多亏)； lead to （导致）;the key to doing sth （做某事的关键）；object to/be opposed to （反对)；contribute to （有助于)；be addicted to doing sth （沉湎于;对。.。上瘾);make contributions to (对...做出贡献）；due to（由于）;apply oneself to （致力于) ；stick to（坚持)；come close to (接近于）等后的动词也必须用动名词形式,例如：
I look forward to hearing from you soon。
6.不定式做动词（词组）tell, show, understand, explain， teach， learn， advise， discuss, ask， decide，wonder， find out 等的宾语时,前面常常带引导词how, what, whether， where, when, who等，但是why后加不带to的不定式.
He showed us how to do the work= He showed us how we should do the work.
I don't know what to do= I don’t know what I should do.
We must decide whether to stay or go= We must decide whether we'll stay or go。
Can you tell me why do it?
7.在love，hate,prefer，like等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别。有时用动名词作宾语时,指一般情况，而
跟不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为。
I love swimming. I love to swim today。
8.start，begin，continue在书面语中多后接动名词，在口语中多后接不定式。
It started to snow。 He is beginning to cook dinner. I began to understand what he meant.
典型例题
1。 David threatened _____(report) his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid。
2。 He chose _______（keep) silent when asked why.
3. He volunteered _________(help） the victims in the earthquake。
4。Whenever you are in trouble, don’t hesitate _______(ask） me for help。
5. As a result of the serious flood， two—thirds of the buildings in the area need ______(repair）。6。 -Can I smoke here?
-Sorry. We don't allow ______(smoke） here.
7. I hear they've promoted Tom，but he didn’t mention ______(promote) when we talked on the phone。
8. Bill suggested _______(hold） a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation。9。 I really appreciate _______(have） time to holiday with you on this nice island。
10. I can hardly imagine her _______(marry) such a men as Lee.
11. It’s quite hot today。 Do you feel like ________(go） for a swim？
12. The film star wears sunglass。 Therefore, he can go shopping without ______(recognize)。13。—They are quiet, aren't they?
-Yes， they are accustomed to not talk at meals.
14. How can I afford to fly to America when I can only earn 800 Yuan a month.
15。 Would you mind turn down your radio a little, please？
16。 The squirrel was lucky that it just missed caught。
17。 He practiced playing the piano every morning。
18. He risked losing his life in order to save the drowning girl。
19。 He was considering changed his mind.
20。 He was considered to be very rich.
21. Don’t worry。 We can manage to help you out.
22. I was advised to quit the job and try a new one。
23。 We've had a good start， but next, more work needs to be done to achieve the final success。24。 One learns a language by making mistakes and correct them.
25。 China recently tightened its waters controls near the HuangYan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from attacked in the South China Sea。
26。 Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and having reduced to ruins, the city took on a new look。
27。 When it comes to speak in public, no one can match him.
28. Lydia doesn’t feel like study abroad。 Her parents are old.
29. I really regret _____ （inform） you that you have failed to pass the exam。
30。 He tried ______(persuade) her to accept their incitation, but in vain.
31. She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake。
32. I still remember taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.
33. No one answered the front door, so I tried knocking at the back door。
34. I’m afraid I can't help painting the house this afternoon。
35. I couldn’t choose but to accept his invitation。
36。I'm sorry. I didn’t mean hurt you.
37. Now that we have finished Exercise I，let's go on to do Exercise Ⅱ.
38。I couldn’t help but admiring him for his courage。
39。 Oh, my goodness! I forgot to lock the door last night. Is there anything missing?
40. I forgot paid already， so I went to my boss again。
41. The competitor never dreamed of there __________ (be) a chance for him to win the first prize in the 100 meter race.
42。 Have you heard of my sister _______ （win） the contest？
43. The doctor does not mind I eating a little meat occasionally.
44。She didn’t mind her b ooks taken away and used by other students。
45。 I insist on Mary go there.
46。 I knew nothing about the window was open.
47。 He left the city without our know it.
答案：
1。to report 2。 to keep 3. to help 4。to ask 5.repairing 6.smoking 7.having been promoted 8。holding 9.having 10。 marrying 11。going 12。being recognized 13.talk改为taking 14.正确 15.turn改为turning 16.caught前加being 17.正确 18。正确 19。changed改为changing 20。正确 21。正确 22.正确 23.正确
24.correct改为correcting 25。attecked前加being 26.having改为being 27。speak改为speaking 28。study 改为studying 29.to inform 30。to persuade 31。正确 32。taken前加being 33.正确 34。painting改为paint 35.去掉to 36。正确 37。正确 38.admiring 39。正确 40。paid前加being 41。being 42。winning 43。I改为my或me 44.taken前加being 45.go改为going，或去掉on 46。was改为being 47。know改为knowing
五．作状语
不定式分词作状语时,不定式、分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，不定式表示目的，动名词表示主动，过去分词表示被动.
(一)不定式作状语
1.不定式作目的状语
In order to可以放在句首,也可以放在句中;so as to 只能放于句中，in order to 和so as to 放于句中时，不能用逗号隔开.
To catch the early bus/In order to catch the early bus， he gets up early.
= He gets up early to catch the early bus.
Bob took down my telephone number so as / in order not to forget it.
= In order not to forget it， Bob took down my telephone number。
2.不定式作结果状语
不定式作结果状语常用在下列句式中：so+adj +as to do sth； such+n +as to do sth; …enough to do sth; too…。to；Only to do sth表示不定式出乎意料的结果.
I'm not so stupid as to write it down。=I'm not such a fool as to write it down。
He is clever enough to be fit for the job.
Jane arrived at the station only to be told the train had gone。
比较：He died, leaving only debts.（动名词表示自然而然的结果）
I’m too tired to stay up longer.
注意:only too…to结构中，并非是“太….而不能…。”之意，而表示“非常….”这样搭配的形容词有：pleased，ready, willing， glad， happy等。
I’m only too glad to have passed the exam。考试及格了，我非常高兴。
I’m too willing to help you。
3.不定式作原因状语
当这些形容词light, heavy， hard/difficult, easy， comfortable, pleasant, dangerous impossible，interesting nice等出现时要用主动表被动.
This question is easy to answer。
This book is difficult to understand。
（二）分词做状语
分词作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、伴随状语等，为了强调，可以与while, when, once，if , unless等连词连用。
）V+ing 表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系
V+ed 表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的被动关系
(not) having done 表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系；动作发生在谓语动作之前
（not）having been done表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的被动关系; 动作发生在谓语动作之前
1。 When ________ (offer） help, one often says “Thank you” or “It’s kind of you。
2。____________（Separate) from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world。
3。 Generally speaking, if _______(take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect。4。 He glanced at her, ________（ note） that though she was tiny, she seemed very well.
5. The teacher came into the lab, _________(follow） by some students。
6。 _________________（tell) many times， he still repeated the same mistake.
7。 Not _______________(receive） her letter， he wrote again。
参考答案：1。offered 2。 Separated 3. taken 4. noting 5. followed 6。 Having been told
7. having received
（三) 独立成分作状语
有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：
generally speaking 一般来说 strictly/ honestly/frankly speaking 严格地、诚实地、坦率地讲considering/ given/taking… into consideration 考虑到 judging from/by 根据.。.。判断 compared with/to 与。。。.相比provided/ providing/ suppose/ supposing/ assuming 假设
to be frank/ to tell you the truth/ to be honest 坦率地说、跟你说实话、老实说
To make things/ the matter worse 更为糟糕的是
seeing that 鉴于
Considering his age， he is quite tall。
Judging from his look， he didn't agree with you at all.
I lost my way in complete darkness and, to make things worse, it began to rain.
To tell you the truth, I am a little tired.
练习：
1）.______ （sleep) late in the morning, he turned off the alarm o'clock.
2)._______（see) from the hill， the park looks very beautiful.
3）。_______(see) the sunset from the hill， he felt relaxed。
4). _______（clean) the desks, we began reading。
5）.__________(surround) for a month， the enemy had to give in.
6). ___________(lose) in the woods, he finally saved by the police.
7） .All the afternoon he worked with the door_______（lock).
8）.With winter_______(come) on，it's time to buy warm clothes.
9）.I can’t go out with all these dishes________（wash).
10)。Anderson was lying on the bed with the window________（open）.
11）。He stood there with his eyes ______（fix) on the wall.
12）。He felt relaxed, with his work _______（do)。
13)。 He felt anxious, with a lot of work________(do)
参考答案：1） to sleep; 2） seen； 3) seeing; 4) Having cleaned； 5) having been surrounded； 6） lost
7) locked 8） coming 9） to wash 10) open 11).fixed 12) done 13） to do
总结状语从句的做题方法:1。___________________________________________________
2.___________________________________________________
3.____________________________________________________
4。_____________________________________________________
（四）独立主格
非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应该和句子主语保持一致.但是有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语，在句子中做状语,我们称之为独立主格。它的结构特点是：
①独立主格中的状语有自己独立的主语，与主句的主语不同，前后主语不一致；②在独立主格中的状语中，不定式表示还未作，过去分词表示被动；现在分词表示主动③独立主格结构一般都有逗号与主句分开。
独立主格的结构为:(with）主语+V+ing/v+ed/ to do sth/ adj/ 介词结构/ 副词
1). 名词/主格代词+现在分词。名词/主格代词与现在分词之间主谓关系。如:
The girl staring at him （= as the girl stared at him）， he didn’t know what to say。
= With the girl staring at him, he didn’t know what to say.
姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。
Time permitting （= if time permits）, we will go for an outing tomorrow。
= _______________________________________________________
如果时间允许的话,我们明天去郊游。
2）. 名词/主格代词+过去分词。名词/主格代词与过去分词之间的动宾关系。如：
The problems solved （= as the problems were solved）, the quality has been improved。
= With the problem solved， the quality has been improved。随着问题的解决,质量已经提高了。
Her glasses broken (= because her glasses were broken)，she couldn’t see the words on the blackboard. =__________________________________________________________________.
由于眼镜摔坏了，她看不见黑板上的字。
3）。名词/主格代词+不定式.名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系,且强调的是一次具体性的动作。如：
He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help。
= He is going to make a model plane， with some old parts to help.
借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。
4). 名词/主格代词+形容词。如：
An air accident happened to the plane， nobody alive。那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。
= An air accident happened to the plane， with nobody alive。
So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off。 =_____________________________
这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。
5). 名词/主格代词+副词。如：
He put on his sweater ，wrong side out。
= He put on his sweater ， with wrong side out。他把毛衣穿反了。
The meeting over, they all went home。=____________________________________________。
会议一结束，他们就都回家了.
6). 名词/主格代词+介词短语.如：
The boy goes to the classroom，book in hand.
= The boy goes to the classroom, with a book in his hand.那男孩手里拿着书去教室。
Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door. 玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门.
7). There being +名词（代词），being不可省。如：
There being nothing else to do, we went home。没有别的事可做,我们就回家了。
There being no further business， I declare the meeting closed. 没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会. 8）。 It being +名词（代词），being不可省。如：
It being Christmas, t he government offices were closed。由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。
It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了.
经典试题练练看
1. The party will be held in the garden, weather ________（permit）.
2. The living room is clean and tidy， with a dining table already _______ （lay） for a meal to be cooked.
3. The lecture ______（give), a lively question and answer session followed.
4. Come on, please give me some ideas about the project。
Sorry。 With so much work ______（fill） my mind， I almost break down.
5。 John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _____（finish）, he gladly accepted it.
6. With nothing _______（do）, we went to the cinema。
7。 With their son _______（attend) a foreign college now, the parents have some financial problems now and then。
8。 Her money ________（run out）， the lazy middle aged woman began to steal others’money at crowded places, such as bus stops, stations， airports and ports.
触类旁通改改错
1。 The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog followed them.
2。 Bats are surprisingly long—lived creatures, some have a life span of around 20 years。
3。 The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons were finished for the day。
4. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent was launched at the end of last March。
5。 The street was quiet with no buses were running.
6。 In came a man with his hand being tied back.
7。 With Mr Smith away， we’ve got more room.
8. With the car broken down halfway on the road， we had great difficulty walking home in the snow。答案：
1。 permitting https://www.360docs.net/doc/8019144786.html,id 3.(having been） given 4。filling 5.finished 6。to do 7.attending 8.having run out
1. following改为following 2。 have改为having 3。去掉were 4。去掉was 5。去掉were 6。去掉being 7。正确 8。 broken改为 breaking
六．作宾补时
1）.tell/ order/ persuade/ invite/ force /warn / encourage/ get/ ask/ advise/ allow/beg/
cause/expect/forbid/ intend/ prefer/ remind/ require/request/command/direct/ want/wish/call on/ demand of/depend on+ sb to do
You are not allowed to do smoke here.
非谓语的用法总结
非谓语动词的用法总结 李靖 非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）不是真正意义上的谓语动词，在句中都不能单独作谓语。但都具有动词的某些特点，可以有自己的宾语或状语，构成非谓语动词短语。不定式表目的，表将来；动名词表主动，表进行；过去分词表被动，表完成。 一．作主语( 动名词、不定式、过去分词前面加being, 动名词做主语谓语动词用单数) 1）不定式、动名词都可做主语，但是动名词做主语多指抽象的概念性的动作，可以是多次的经常的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。如： Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火危险。（泛指玩火） To play with fire will be dangerous. 玩火会发生危险。 2）用动名词做主语的句型: It’s no use/no good/pleasure doing sth 做.......没有用处/好处/乐趣 It’s a waste of time doing sth 做.... 浪费时间 It is worth doing sth 值得做某事 It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收 It is worth making an appointment before you go. 去之前预约一下是值得的。 3）不定式做主语的句型. It is + adj +for sb to do sth. 比较：表示人的品质时只能用of sb 如considerate/kind/nice/foolish/stupid/rude/cruel /wise/clever/brave/selfish/crazy/good/careful/careless/impolite/right/wrong等单词出现 时。 It is silly of you to say so. It is important for us to learn English well. It is a must/ a necessity for us to have a good command of the English language. 4) “Wh- + to 不定式”可做主语。如： When to leave hasn’t been decided yet.什么时候动身还没定呢。 Whether to drive or take the train is still a problem.是自驾车还是乘火车仍是一个问题。 5）一般情况下，不定式和动名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如： Seeing is believing.= To see is to believe 眼见为实。 . Planting flowers needs constant watering. 但and连接的多个动名词作主语，谓语动词大多用复数（如果前后动名词的语义一致， 谓语一般用单数）。如：Lying and stealing are immoral. 说谎与盗窃是不道德的。 6) 动名词前面可以加上形容词性物主代词构成动名词的复合结构。如： ----- What made him angry? ------ Mary’s /My/His/Her /Their/ The boy’s/ The president’s being late（made him angry. 7being，构成动名词，做主语。如： . Being examined twice a year , driver must obey in this city. 经典练习：
(完整版)非谓语动词用法归纳(最终)
非谓语动词用法归纳 非谓语动词 在英语中，动词不定式、动名词和分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）可以出现在句子中除谓语以外的任何一个位置上，充当句子的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等成分，这些动词形式称为非谓语动词。 1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 (1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) (2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) （3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job. 2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 (1)不定式作表语 1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 (2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 (注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． (3)分词作表语 分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。 3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： (1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语(部分)： attempt企图enable能够neglect忽视 afford负担得起demand要求long渴望 2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式： allow允许forbid禁止prefer喜欢，宁愿
英语 非谓语动词 用法 讲解 知识点总结 完整版 最全 归纳 专项
非谓语动词 定义 不做句子的谓语，而是充当其他语法功能的动词叫做非谓语动词。分为三种：不定式（Infinitive），分词（Participles），动名词（Gerund）。 一、非谓语动词和谓语动词的区别 谓语动词的作用明确而单一，非谓语动词的作用丰富： 1．非谓语动词作名词词性（不定式和动名词） Your duty is to look after the children. 你的工作是照看好孩子。 Complaining is no use. 抱怨是没有用的。 2. 非谓语动词做形容词词性（分词、不定式和动名词） The vase is broken. 那个花瓶破了。 He is a nice person to work with. 他是一个很好共事的人。 We found the story amusing. 我们发现这个故事很有意思。 3. 非谓语动词做副词词性（不定式和分词） They are working hard to win still greater victory. 他们在努力工作争取更大的胜利。 The sick man came in, supported by two nurses. 二、非谓语动词的用法 A 不定式(to do)在非谓语动词中，不定式的用法最广泛。它在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和主语补足语或宾语补足语。也就是说，不定式可以充当除谓语以外的所有成分。 1. 做主语 To say something is one thing, to do it is another. 说是一码事，干是另一码事。 * 注：形式主语it，当不定式做主语时，特别是当主语较长而谓语较短时，常用“it”作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在谓语的后面。此种用法在日常英语中尤为常见。 It is not fair to blame them for the accident. 把这次事故归咎于他们是不公平的。 但是，当主语和表语都是不定式时，不能用形式主语代替动词不定式。 To respect others is to be respected. 尊重别人就是尊重自己。 To become a slave is to give up one's freedom. 做奴隶就等于放弃自由。 2. 作表语 My suggestion is to carry out the plan immediately. 我的建议是马上将此计划付诸实施。The question is how to organize the work. 问题是如何组织这项工作。 3. 作宾语 不定式可以充当部分及物动词的宾语，也可以充当but和except等介词的宾语以及形容词的宾语。 ①作动词的宾语：不定式可以充当部分及物动词的宾语。 Father likes to listen to music in silence. 父亲喜欢静静地听音乐。 I never thought to meet you here. 我没想到在这里遇见你。 He offered to go with us. 他提出和我们一块去。
英语非谓语动词用法总结(完整)
英语非谓语动词用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．IPhone, the world’s largest mobile phone maker, said that over the first nine months of the year it ________ 23 million handsets in China, an increase of 77 percent ________ the same period a year ago. A．had sold; compared to B．has sold; compared to C．sold; comparing with D．had sold; comparing with 【答案】A 【解析】 考查时态和非谓语动词。句意：IPhone，世界最大的手机制造商，说今年头九个月期间，它已经在中国销售了2,300万台手机，与一年前的同期相比增加了77%。第一空根据主句动词said可知，从句时态也应用过去时态，再根据over the first nine months of the year，判断应用过去完成时态；第二空是非谓语动词的固定句式compared to，意为“与……相比较”。故选A。 2．In 2012, Sun Yang became the first Chinese man _____ an Olympic gold medal in swimming. A．winning B．to win C．having won D．being won 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查不定式作定语。句意：在2012年，孙杨成为第一个获得奥运会游泳比赛金牌的中国男运动员。当名词前面有序数词修饰或被修饰的词就是序数词的时候，通常要用不定式作定语。如the first to come and the last to leave，本句中Chinese man前面有序数词the first修饰，所以后面要用不定式作定语。故B项正确。 3．Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and ________ to ruins, the city took on a new look. A．reducing B．reduced C．being reduced D．having reduced 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查动名词的被动语态。句意：就在遭遇一场大地震被夷为平地之后不久，这个城市呈现了新的面貌。此句中的“after”是介词，后面需要动名词，而且城市是被夷为平地，所以用动名词的被动语态。故选C项。 4．After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on all the people who had helped in her career. A．to thank B．thanking
非谓语用法大总结
非谓语用法总结 一、非谓语动词的含义 非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语，综合这两点，我们将其叫做非谓语动词。
eg:The thief is said to have been arrested. 据说小偷已经被抓住了。 ⑥完成进行式：to have been doing （表示主动和完成进行） eg: She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years. 据说在过去的20年里，她一直在这家工厂工作。 （2）动名词 ①基本形式：doing （表示主动） eg: Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future. 在未来，普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。 ②被动式：being done（表示被动） eg: Freddy and his band could go nowhere without being followed by their fans. 弗雷迪和他的乐队到哪里都被他们的粉丝跟着。 ③完成式：having done（表示主动和完成） eg: I have no idea of his having done such a thing against you. 我不知道他做过这样一件违背你的事情。 ④完成被动式：having been done（表示被动和完成） eg: Many customers complain of having been given short weight at that shop. 很多顾客抱怨在那家商店被缺斤少两过。 （3）现在分词 ①基本形式：doing （表示主动和进行） eg: He sat there,reading a newspaper. 他坐在那里，读着一张报纸。 ②被动式：being done（表示被动和进行） eg: The area being studied may be rich in coal. 这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。 ③完成式：having done（表示主动和完成） eg: Having finished my homework,I began to watch TV. 完成作业后，我开始看电视。 ④完成被动式：having been done（表示被动和完成） eg: Having been told many times,she still can't remember it. 已经被告诉了很多次，她仍然记不住。 （4）过去分词：done 及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成；不及物动词的过去分词表示主动或完成。 eg: polluted river 被污染的河流fallen leaves 落叶 注意：非谓语动词本身不能表示现在和过去。非谓语动词表示进行、将来和完成时是相对于谓语动作来说的：和谓语动作同时发生表示进行；发生在谓语动作之后表示将来；发生在谓语动作之前表示完成。 三、非谓语动词的作用
英语非谓语动词用法全面归纳
英语非谓语动词用法全面归纳非谓语动词在句子中能够作主语，宾语，定语，状语，补语和表语六种。现依照在句子中的成分不同把它们归纳成六类。 主语 doing;主动的，抽象的，规律性的，一样的，连续性的动作，其被动态being done to do;主动，具体的，一次性的，短暂性的,尚未发生的动作，其被动态to be done Eg; Reading calls for patience and perseverance. To have a walk along the river after supper is such fun. 3.注意；①to do 经常用it作形式主语替代逻辑主语放在句首，而真正的逻辑主语放在句末。 其一样形式有a.it’s +adj+to do sth b.it +vt +o(宾语)+ to do sth。 Eg; It’s important to have a good eye sight ,as it’s known to us . It took me 3 days to finish the task. ②it作形式主语替代doing的几个结构；it’s no use/useless . it’s waste of time .it’s no good 等。 Eg; It’s no use crying over the spilt milk.覆水难收 ③范例； （1）to the sun for too long contributes to the harm to t he skin. A .Being exposed B.Exposed C.Having exposed D.To exposed 解析；选A。可能误选B。误认句子缺少状语，但观看能够发觉若是作状语的话，那么句子就没有主语了。判定方法；划分句子的主谓宾。 动名词的复合结构；one’s doing /being done Eg.My sister’s being ill made us all worried =That my sister was il l made us all worried. 迁移；若主语与to do中的do 存在动宾关系，且形容词是hard. diffic ult 之类的，那么do用主动态表示被动态。
非谓语动词用法总结大全
非谓语动词用法总结大全 非谓语动词是历年的热点、难点和重点。在学习非谓语动词时,好多同学感到"剪不断,理还乱"。所以在复习中,非常有必要通过观察、比较,归纳掌握其用法,并总结其用法。下面是店铺整理的非谓语动词用法总结大全，希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助。 最全面的非谓语动词用法总结 1 ．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 (1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) (2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。(经验) Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) (3)不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job. 2 ．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 (1)不定式作表语 1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 To do two things at a time is to do neither.--次做两件事等于未做。 What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 2)如果主语是不定式(表示条件)，表语也是不定式(表示结果)。 To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 To work means to earn a living.工作就是为了生活。
非谓语动词的用法总结
非谓语动词的用法总结 动词不定式 (一) 时态 1. 一般式 动词不定式的一般式表示与谓语动词同时或之后的行为。如： I want to have a rest I plan to attend the meeting 2. 完成式 不定式的完成式表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前的行为。如：I ’m sorry to have kept you waiting. 3进展式 不定式的动作假如同谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生那么使用不定式的进展式。如： They seemed to be talking about something important. 4. 完成进展式 不定式的完成进展式表示在谓语动词之前已经发生，并且一直进展着的动作。如： He is said to have been working in that factory for twelve years. 〔二〕动词不定式用法： 1. 作主语
To master English gives us much help in the study of science 2. 作宾语 I want to leave here soon. He pretended to be a doctor. 3. 作表语 The most important thing is to study hard. 4. 作宾语补足语 不定式作定语必须放在被修饰的名词或代词的后面。 I have no time to talk with her. 6. 作状语 不定式作状语时可以表示目的、原因、结果或条件。 I came here to learn from you ( 目的) I ’m very glad to heard the news。〔原因〕 He is old enough to go to school.(结果) To look at him ,you can’t help laughing. Notes: 7. 不定式的复合构造。如：I found it hard for them to finish the work in such a short time. It was clever of him to find his way here. 分词 〔一〕闲着分词与过去分词的区别： 1. 如今分词表主动；过去分词表被动：Burning forest; burned skin
非谓语动词用法总结
非谓语动词用法总结 非谓语动词是历年高考英语的重要考点之一，同时也是较难掌握的难点之一。它贯穿于英语学习和考试过程的始终。但是，只要认真分析、透彻理解、看透本质、准确把握，就一定能在高考中运筹帷幄，游刃有余。 一．非谓语动词区别简表
二．不定式的用法 不定式不可作谓语，但它可以有自己的宾语、状语，构成不定式短语，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语〔表用途〕、状语或补足语。高考对不定式的考查主要有不定式的时态、语态、作用、否认、省略、连词＋不定式等。 作主语 不定式作主语表示具体的动作，通常指一件已知
的事或目的。 不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 eg:To say is a thing,to do is another.(说是一回事，做是另外一回事。) 〔2〕不定式短语较长时，通常放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语。 eg:①It is important to learn English well.(学好英语是重要的。) ②It is necessary for us to do the job well.(我们做好这项工作是必要的。) ③It is a great honor to be invited to give a speech here.(被邀请在这儿发表演讲是一个极大的荣幸。) 2.作宾语 〔1〕常只用不定式作宾语的动词有：want,wish,hope,long,expect,desire,intend ,decide,ask,promise,aim,offer,agree,plan,l earn,choose,refuse,fail,manage,pretend
非谓语的用法总结
非谓语动词得用法总结 李靖 非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)不就是真正意义上得谓语动词,在句中都不能单独作谓语。但都具有动词得某些特点,可以有自己得宾语或状语,构成非谓语动词短语。不定式表目得,表将来;动名词表主动,表进行;过去分词表被动,表完成。 一.作主语( 动名词、不定式、过去分词前面加being, 动名词做主语谓语动词用单数) 1)不定式、动名词都可做主语,但就是动名词做主语多指抽象得概念性得动作,可以就是多次得 经常得行为;不定式多表示具体得动作,尤其就是某一次得动作。如: Playing with fire is dangerous、玩火危险。(泛指玩火) To play with fire will be dangerous、玩火会发生危险。 2)用动名词做主语得句型: It’s no use/no good/pleasure doing sth 做、、、、、、、没有用处/好处/乐趣 It’s a waste of time doing sth 做、、、、浪费时间 It is worth doing sth 值得做某事 It is no use crying over spilt milk、覆水难收 It is worth making an appointment before you go、去之前预约一下就是值得得。 3)不定式做主语得句型、 It is + adj +for sb to do sth、 比较:表示人得品质时只能用of sb 如considerate/kind/nice/foolish/stupid/rude/cruel /wise/clever/brave/selfish/crazy/good/careful/careless/impolite/right/wrong等单词出现 时。 It is silly of you to say so、 It is important for us to learn English well、 It is a must/ a necessity for us to have a good mand of the English language、 4) “Wh- + to 不定式”可做主语。如: When to leave hasn’t been decided yet、什么时候动身还没定呢。 Whether to drive or take the train is still a problem、就是自驾车还就是乘火车仍就是一个问题。 5)一般情况下,不定式与动名词作主语,谓语动词一般用单数形式。如: Seeing is believing、= To see is to believe 眼见为实。 、Planting flowers needs constant watering、 但and连接得多个动名词作主语,谓语动词大多用复数(如果前后动名词得语义一致,谓语 一般用单数)。如:Lying and stealing are immoral、说谎与盗窃就是不道德得。 6) 动名词前面可以加上形容词性物主代词构成动名词得复合结构。如: ----- What made him angry? ------ Mary’s /My/His/Her /Their/ The boy’s/ The president’s being late(made him angry、 7)being,构成动名词,做主语。如: 、 Being examined twice a year , driver must obey in this city、
(完整版)非谓语动词归纳总结
(完整版)非谓语动词归纳总结非谓语动词归纳总结 非谓语动词是英语中一类特殊的动词形式，不具备人称和数的变化，也不充当句子的谓语。非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词，它们有各自的用法和功能。 1. 不定式 不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式，结构为"to + 动词原形"。不定式可以用作动词、形容词或副词。 1.1 动词不定式 动词不定式可以充当句子的主语、宾语、宾语补足语等。 例如： - To study is important for students.（作主语）
- I want to learn English.（作宾语） - She asked me to help her.（作宾语补足语）1.2 形容词不定式 形容词不定式用于修饰名词或代词。 例如： - I have a book to read.（修饰名词） - He is the man to trust.（修饰代词） 1.3 副词不定式 副词不定式用于修饰动词、形容词或副词。 例如： - She worked hard to pass the exam.（修饰动词）- He is happy to see you.（修饰形容词）
- She walked quickly to catch the bus.（修饰副词） 2. 动名词 动名词是非谓语动词的一种形式，结构为动词的现在分词形式。动名词可以充当句子的主语、宾语、宾语补足语等。 例如： - Swimming is good exercise.（作主语） - I enjoy playing basketball.（作宾语） - She kept on talking.（作宾语补足语） 3. 分词 分词是非谓语动词的一种形式，根据时态和完成程度的不同， 分词分为现在分词和过去分词。 3.1 现在分词
非谓语动词的用法总结
非谓语动词的用法总结 非谓语动词是汉语中一种特殊的动词形式，它不具备人称和数的特征，并不直接表达动作的主体，而是依附于其他句子成分，用来修饰 名词、动词、形容词或整个句子。非谓语动词包括了不定式、动名词 和分词三种形式。今天我们就来总结一下它们的用法。 一、不定式（infinitive）是一种基本的非谓语动词形式，它的形态 是“to + 动词原形”。不定式可以作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语等。例如： 1. 作主语：To learn a new language is never too late. 学一门新语言永远都不会太晚。 2. 作宾语：I want to visit Paris in the spring. 我想在春天去巴黎旅游。 3. 作定语：The best way to improve your English is to practice every day. 提高英语的最好方法就是每天练习。 4. 作表语：His dream is to become a famous musician. 他的梦想是成为一名著名的音乐家。 5. 作同位语：Her wish is for everyone to be happy. 她的愿望是每个人都快乐。
二、动名词（gerund）是名词化的动词，它的形态是动词的现在分词形式（V-ing），可以作主语、宾语、定语、表语等。例如： 1. 作主语：Swimming is good for your health. 游泳对身体健康有好处。 2. 作宾语：He enjoys playing basketball in his free time. 他喜欢在空闲时间打篮球。 3. 作定语：I have a meeting with my boss this afternoon. 我今天下午有个与老板的会议。 4. 作表语：Her favorite activity is dancing. 她最喜欢的活动是跳舞。 三、分词（participle）是一种形容词化的动词，根据不同的时态分为现在分词（V-ing）和过去分词（V-ed）。分词可以作定语、状语、补语等。例如： 1. 作定语： - The broken glass cut his hand. 破碎的玻璃划伤了他的手。 - The smiling girl waved at me. 微笑着的女孩对我挥手。
常用非谓语用法大总结
常用非谓语用法大总结 非谓语用法是指动词的非谓语形式（不带主语和谓语），包括不定式、动名词和现在分词、过去分词。非谓语在句子中具有特定的功能和作用， 可以作主语、宾语、状语等，能够丰富句子结构，增强表达的灵活性。以 下是常用的非谓语用法大总结： 一、不定式用法： 1.作主语： To love is to live.（爱即是生活。） To err is human, to forgive divine.（人非圣贤，孰能无过。） 2.作宾语： I hope to see you.（我希望见到你。） He wants to go shopping.（他想去购物。） 3.作表语： 4.作宾补： They agreed to help us.（他们同意帮助我们。） I want to eat some fruit.（我想吃些水果。） 5.作定语： I have a book to read.（我有一本书要读。） This is the place to be.（这是最佳位置。）
6.作状语： She went to the store to buy some milk.（她去商店买牛奶。） 7.动词不定式的形式和功能： 主动形式：to ＋动词原形 被动形式：to be ＋过去分词 8.一些常见的固定搭配： to be honest（老实说）, to be frank（坦白说）, to be fair （公平地说）, to be sure（确切地说）, to tell the truth（实话告诉你）, etc. 二、动名词用法： 1.作主语： Smoking is harmful to health.（吸烟对健康有害。） Learning is a lifelong process.（学习是一辈子的事。） 2.作宾语： I enjoy swimming.（我喜欢游泳。） She suggested watching a movie.（她建议看电影。） 3.作表语： His hobby is playing basketball.（他的爱好是打篮球。） 4.作宾补：
(完整版)非谓语动词用法归纳(语法)
一、表格的用法 1.doing 的用法 （1）在要求动词后（作宾语）：avoid避免appreciate 感激/欣赏acknowledge承认/自认admit 承认advocate 提倡/主张consider 考虑can't help不禁can't stand受不了contemplate细想complete完成confess坦白dislike 不喜欢，讨厌deserve值得delay延迟deny否认dread可怕defer拖延detest嫌恶enjoy享有/喜爱envy嫉妒endure忍受excuse借口escape逃跑/逃避finish完成forgive原谅fancy幻想/爱好favor 造成/偏爱figure描绘/计算hate讨厌imagine设想involve卷入/包含keep保持miss错过mention说到/讲到mind 介意pardon原谅/饶恕permit允许postpone推迟practice 实行/实践prevent阻止quit放弃停止risk冒险recall回想resist抵抗/阻止resume恢复repent悔悟resent怨恨stand坚持/忍受suggest建议save营救/储蓄tolerate忍受worth值得You should try to avoid making mistakes. The book is worth reading. The book deserves reading. （2）表进行 Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.=When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake. The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is speaking English is Tom. （3）表主动 The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom. = The man who spoke English is Tom. Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled. （4）表伴随 I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen. I lie in bed reading a novel. （5）表性质；特点 The film is very moving. She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business with her. （6）概括性,一般性 Climbing mountain is very interesting. Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(概括性,一般性) Our work is serving the people． （7）动名词的逻辑主语为；①人称代词的所有格+动名词；②名词's+动名词。例如： Tom insisted on my going with them．他坚持要我和他们一起去。 He dislikes his wife's working late．他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。
非谓语动词用法总结
非谓语动词用法总结 非谓语动词作主语 一.动词不定式作主语 1.不定式作主语表示具体的动作，通常指一件已知的事或目的。不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 To say is a thing,to do is another.(说是一回事，做是另外一回事。) 2. 不定式短语较长时，通常放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语。 ①It is important to learn English well.(学好英语是重要的。) ②It is necessary for us to do the job well.(我们做好这项工作是必要的。) ③It is a great honor to be invited to give a speech here.(被邀请在这儿发表演讲是一个极大的荣幸。)
二.动词ing不定式作主语 1.动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。 Watching news on TV has become a routine for me.(经常性、习惯性的动作) Talking is easier than doing.(状态） (1)动名词直接置于句首。 Talking is easier than doing. (2).Ving 形式作主语时常后置,用it作形式主语 Playing video games is a waste of time It is a waste of time playing video games 常见句式： It is no good/no use/ useless doing sth 做...没有用的 It is a waste of time doing sth做...是浪费时间的 (3).There be 结构中作主语： A. There is no+doing 表示不可能做某事 There is no knowing the future ==we can’t know the future. 我们不可能知道未来发生什么B.There is no point doing 做某事没有意义 There’s no point having wishes if you don’t at least try t o do them. 拓展：动名词作主语时，单个V-ing 做主语，谓语动词用单数。两个或两个以上表达不同意义的V-ing 作主语，谓语动词用复数。 Seeing ____ (be) believing. Watching TV and reading books _______(has) become a routine for me. 非谓语动词作宾语 一、动词不定式作宾语 1.常只用不定式作宾语的动词(即：动词+to do) 记忆口诀如下： 同意提出做计划， 要求答应来帮忙。 准备决定遭拒绝， 敢于选择有希望。 不能做到莫假装， 设法做成决心坚。 agree (同意)；offer (提出)；intend，plan (打算，计划)；demand，ask (要求)；promise (答应)；help (帮忙)；prepare (准备)；decide (决定)；refuse (拒绝)；dare (敢于)；choose (选择)；wish，hope，want，expect (希望，想要)；fail ；（不能；忘记）；pretend (假装)；manage (设法)；determine（决心）。 ①He refused to help me.(他拒绝帮助我. ②She has agreed to come tomorrow.(他已同意明天来.) 2.不定式较长时,作宾语,也可用it代替，放在后面。 I find it difficult to do the job well. 3. “特殊疑问词﹢不定式to do结构”具有名词特征，可作宾语。 ①She didn’t know whether to go or not. ②They haven’t decided when and where to build the school. 4.不定式可作介but,except,besides“除……之外”的宾语，介词前有实义动词do的任何一种形