2024届高考一轮复习英语教案语法专题：形容词和副词
第3讲形容词和副词
I bought an interesting① novel yesterday.The book is so interesting② that I can hardly let go of it.Worried③ about my study，my mother took it away.However，I found my mother absorbed④in it.
My mother is reading the novel attentively⑤ now and she is quite⑤ moved by it.Obviously⑥，she won’t return the book to me soon.
[规则感悟]①修饰名词，往往用形容词作定语。②在系动词之后，往往用形容词作表语。
③表示情绪和精神状态的形容词可以作状语。④在“感官或使役动词＋宾语”之后，形容词可以作宾补，说明宾语的状态。⑤副词可以描述某个动作的情况或者描述动作、行为或状态的程度。⑥副词可以放在句首，作评论性状语，修饰整个句子。
1．形容词的构词规则
类别例词
加-y cloud→cloudy，luck→lucky，health→healthy，fog→foggy
加-(e)d gift→gifted，talent→talented，advance→advanced，excite→excited
加-ing surprise→surprising，convince→convincing，frighten→frightening，appeal→appealing，reward→rewarding，invite→inviting
加-ful/ -less meaning→meaningful/meaningless，care→careful/careless，
help→helpful/helpless，harm→harmful/harmless，
colour→colourful/colourless，use→useful/useless，thank→thankful/thankless
加-able comfort→comfortable，knowledge→knowledgeable，accept→acceptable，respect→respectable
加-ous danger→dangerous，courage→courageous，humour→humorous -ce变
为-t
confidence→confident，difference→different
加-al music→musical，person→personal，nation→national，education→educational，tradition→traditional
加-ly friend→friendly，week→weekly，love→lovely
加-en wood →wooden，wool→woolen
加-ive/
-ative
attract→attractive，talk→talkative，prevent→preventive，protect→protective
其他常见变化energy→energetic，fool→foolish，pleasure→pleasant/pleased，science→scientific
注意以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节名词加后缀-y变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再加-y，如：sun→sunny，fun→funny等。以-e结尾的名词加-y变形容词时要去掉e再加-y，如：noise→noisy，ice→icy，taste→tasty等。
2．形容词变副词的规则
类别例词
(1)一般形容词变副词直接在其后加-ly。quick→quickly，anxious→anxiously
(2)以辅音字母＋e结尾的形容词直接加-ly，以元音字母＋e结尾的形容词去掉e再加-ly。immediate→immediately，polite→politely，true→truly
(3)以辅音字母＋le结尾的形容词要去掉e再
加-y。
possible→possibly，probable→probably (4)以辅音字母＋y结尾的形容词要变y为i再
加-ly。
happy→happily，healthy→healthily
(5)以ic结尾的形容词要在其后加-ally。economic→economically，basic→basically
(6)以ll结尾的形容词要在其后加-y。full→fully，dull→dully
注意下面这两个单词是特殊的形式：whole→wholly public→publicly
3．常见的以-ly结尾的形容词
(1)表示时间的形容词：hourly每小时的；daily 每天的；weekly 每周的；monthly 每月的；yearly 每年的；timely及时的，适时的。
(2)表示人的形容词：manly有男子气概的；womanly 女性特有的；motherly慈母般的；fatherly 慈父般的；comradely 同志般的。
(3)表示人的外貌、特征、性格、心理等的形容词：lovely可爱的；friendly 友好的；ugly 难看的；lively 活泼的；lonely 孤独的；unfriendly 不友好的；kindly 亲切的；sickly多病的；elderly 年长的。
(4)表示事物特征、环境、情况、状态的形容词：likely可能的；orderly 整齐的；deadly 致命的；chilly 寒冷的；disorderly 乱七八糟的；unlikely 不大可能发生的。
4．如何区分-ed结尾的形容词与-ing结尾的形容词
(1)-ing 结尾的形容词主要用于修饰物或事，表示事物的性质或特征，常译为“令人……的”。
(2)-ed 结尾的形容词通常用于说明人的感受，常译为“感到……的”，也可以修饰事物，多修饰smile(微笑)，appearance(外貌)，face(面部表情)，voice(声音)，look(表情)，expression(表情)等表示人的情绪状况的名词。
He had a pleased smile on his face.
他脸上露出了满意的微笑。
He told me the news in a very excited voice.
他以非常激动的声音告诉了我这个消息。
5．常考的连接性副词
though 然而，可是；meanwhile 在此期间；therefore/thus/consequently 因此，所以；moreover/furthermore 而且，此外；besides 而且，另外，还有；however 然而；instead 相反，代替；anyway/anyhow 尽管，即使这样；otherwise 否则。
The young man couldn ’t afford a new car.Instead ，he bought a used one.
那个年轻人买不起新车，便买了一辆二手的。
The house was too expensive and too big.Besides ，I ’d grown fond of our little rented house. 这个房子太贵、太大了。而且，我已经越来越喜欢我们租的小屋了。
6．意义不同的同根副词
(1)⎩
⎪⎨⎪⎧ close ad v .不远地；接近地closely ad v .密切地 (2)⎩
⎪⎨⎪⎧ free ad v .免费地freely ad v .自由地 (3)⎩
⎪⎨⎪⎧ hard ad v .努力地hardly ad v .几乎不 (4)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ late ad v .晚，迟lately ad v .近来
(5)⎩
⎪⎨⎪⎧ most ad v .非常；几乎，差不多mostly ad v .主要地 (6)⎩
⎪⎨⎪⎧ wide ad v .尽可能远地；充分地widely ad v .广泛地 (7)⎩
⎪⎨⎪⎧ high ad v .高highly ad v .高度地 (8)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧
deep ad v .深地；在深处deeply ad v .深刻地
(9)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧
near ad v .在附近nearly ad v .几乎 对点练习
1．The old people there were talkative and they told us their personal(person) stories cheerfully. 2．There were many people waiting at the bus stop ，and some of them looked very anxious and disappointed(disappoint)． 3．I ’ll never forget the amazing(amaze) trip I had in Beijing ，China and I hope to go there next time with my friends.
4．He spent seven days in the wind and snow ，cold and hungry(hunger)．
5．In the study ，GBS was used to provide a highly(high) efficient way of demonstrating quantum computational speedup in solving some tasks.
6．The title will be officially(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.
7．Luckily(lucky)，he also has a cow which produces milk every day.
8．I am terribly(terrible) sorry that I can ’t go to the bookstore with you at the appointed time.
In my family ，my mother is the thinnest ①.My father is much taller ②
than her and me ，but he is twice as heavy as ③ my mother ，and becoming fatter and fatter ④.He is quite worried because the fatter ⑤ he is ，the more likely ⑤ he is to be ill.
[规则感悟] ①形容词和副词变比较级或最高级，一般直接加-er 或-est ；以e 结尾的直接加-r 或-st ；以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词注意双写结尾辅音字母；以“辅音字母＋y ”结尾的词，将y 变为i 再加-er 或-est ；多音节词前面加more 或most 。
两者或两部分之间比较，多用比较级；三者或三者以上的比较，可以使用最高级。
②比较级常常和than 连用，并且可以被much ，a little ，a bit ，even ，far ，still 等词修饰。 ③倍数表达法：
•A ＋谓语＋倍数＋adj ./ad v .比较级＋than ＋B
•A ＋谓语＋倍数＋as ＋adj ./ad v .原级(＋名词)＋as ＋B
•A ＋谓语＋倍数＋the ＋名词(size ，length ，height ，weight 等)＋of ＋B
④“adj ./ad v .比较级＋and ＋adj ./ad v .比较级”表示“越来越……”。
⑤“the ＋比较级．..，the ＋比较级．..”表示“越……，就越……”。
1．少数以-er，-ow，-y或-le结尾的双音节词，可以加-er构成比较级，加-est构成最高级。clever→cleverer→cleverest
narrow→narrower→narrowest
easy→easier→easiest
simple→simpler→simplest
2．有些形容词没有程度可分或其本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。
这类形容词有right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)，possible(可能的)，empty(空的)，first(第一的)，wooden(木制的)，final(最后的)，east(东方的)，last(最后的)等。
3．有些形容词和副词变比较级或最高级时为不规则变化，需牢记。
good/well→better→best
bad/ill→worse→worst
many/much→more→most
little→less→least
old→older/elder→oldest/eldest
far→farther→farthest(指具体空间上)
far→further→furthest(指抽象程度上)
4．比较级的基本用法
(1)同级比较
①as＋adj./ad v.(原级)＋as...“和……一样”；not as/so＋adj./ad v.(原级)＋as...“不如……”Since people are fond of humour，it is as welcome in conversation as anywhere else.
因为人们喜欢幽默，所以在谈话中或其他任何地方它都是受欢迎的。
②当as...as结构中有名词时，可用以下结构：
as＋形容词原级＋a(n)＋n.＋as...
as＋many＋可数名词复数＋as...
as＋much＋不可数名词＋as...
I’m not a little tired today after giving the room a thorough cleaning and I have never had as tiring a day as today.
今天对房间进行了大扫除之后我非常累，我从来没有过比今天更累的一天了。
(2)比较级比较
“形容词/副词比较级＋than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”。“less＋形容词/副词原级＋than”表示“一方不及另一方……”。
I know my sister better than anyone else.Once she has made up her mind，nothing can change it. 我比其他任何人更了解我姐姐。她一旦下定决心，没有什么能够改变。
5．比较级的特殊用法
①“more＋原级＋than＋原级”表示“与其说……不如说……”。
The girl was more frightened than hurt.
与其说这个女孩是受了伤，不如说是受到了惊吓。
②“more than＋主语＋can＋谓语”表示“非……所能；……不能”。
The beauty of the city is more than I can describe.
这座城市的美是我所不能描述的。
③形容词比较级前一般不用冠词，但如果出现表示范围的短语时，就需要加定冠词。Of the two sisters，Mary is the cleverer.
这两姐妹中，玛丽更聪明。
6．比较级形式表示最高级含义
在某个特定范围内，同类事物对比，可用以下比较级结构表示最高级含义。
①比较级＋than＋any other＋可数名词单数
②比较级＋than＋the other＋可数名词复数
③比较级＋than＋anyone/anything else
④比较级＋than＋any of the other＋可数名词复数
⑤“否定词＋比较级”也可表示最高级含义。
China is the largest country in Asia.That is，it is larger than any other country in Asia. 中国是亚洲最大的国家。即中国比亚洲其他任何国家都要大。
No man is better than you in the world.
人世间没有人比你好。
I haven’t read a more interesting novel.
这是我读过的最有趣的小说了。
7．最高级的基本用法
(1)形容词最高级(＋名词)＋表示范围的状语
She is the most active student in our class.
她是我们班最活跃的学生。
(2)one of＋形容词最高级＋名词复数
Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in our country.
＝Shanghai is among the biggest cities in our country.
上海是我国最大的城市之一。
(3)序数词＋形容词最高级＋名词
Africa is the second largest continent in the world.
非洲是世界上第二大洲。
对点练习
1．The more(much) we do for those in need，the happier we’ll be.
2．Road safety has aroused wider(wide) attention of the public than before.
3．During the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century，Beijing Opera finally formed and became the biggest(big) of all operas in China.
4．I have never met a kinder(kind) teacher than Mrs Smith before.
5．The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster(fast) than traditional garbage as a whole.
6．When you study the local map，you’ll find this town is twice the size of that one.
7．I have seldom seen my mother as/so pleased with my progress as she is now.
1．When the house was built，it was much smaller(small) than it is today.(2021·浙江6月) 2．Local people were provided with financial(finance) aid and other benefits.
3．One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their finest(fine) work，so that he could choose the best.(2020·全国Ⅲ)
4．As the small boat moved gently(gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.(2020·全国Ⅲ)
层级一基础达标练
单句语法填空
1．Last October，while tending her garden in Mora，Sweden，Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small carrots(carrot) and was about to throw them away.
2．Handle the most important tasks first，and you’ll feel a real sense of achievement(achieve)．3．Although he researches cloning，his intention(intend) has never been to create copies of humans. 4．In the early fifties(fifty)，researchers found that people scored higher on intelligence tests if they spoke more than one language.
5．She is the twelfth(twelve) tutor，who has come to look after his children since their mother died. 6．The old man goes to the park every third(three) day，jogging with his fellows.
7．But the successful test drilling for fire ice does not mean it can be extracted for industrial(industry) use.
8．The world’s population is increasing at a surprising(surprise) rate and our environment is facing great pressure.
9．Nowadays it’s the second largest(large) city in Bulgaria and it’s a significant economic，educational and cultural center.
10．Indians start practicing yoga at a very young age，so their bodies are even stronger(strong)．
层级二高考真题练
单句语法填空
1．John Olson，a former photographer (photograph) and his team turn paintings into fully textured 3D models.(2022·浙江6月)
2．Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road，in order to promote environmental protection(protect)．(2022·全国甲)
3．Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more meaningful (meaning)．The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.(2022·全国甲)
4．In the last five years，Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents，and in 2016，he reached the top of Kilimanjaro，Africa’s highest(high) mountain.(2022·全国甲)
5．The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations(population) and homes of giant pandas，and eventually(eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild.(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)
6．On the day of the accident，Mrs Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father.They both fell asleep(sleep) while watching TV.(2022·新高考全国Ⅱ)
7．When he looked down，he accidentally(accidental)slipped and fell over the edge.
(2022·新高考全国Ⅱ) 8．This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside，including lower(low) levels of income and education，higher costs of healthy foods，and fewer sports facilities.
(2021·浙江1月) 9．It is calculated by dividing a person’s(person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared，and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy.(2021·浙江1月)
10．Filled with curiosity(curious)，the artist packed his bags and left.(2020·全国Ⅲ)
层级三语篇提能练
语法填空
(2022·浙江1月改编)
Kim Cobb，a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta，is one of a small but growing minority of 1. (academic) who are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.Travelling to conferences，lectures，workshops，and the like—2. (frequent) by plane—3. (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.But Cobb and others are now questioning that idea—pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely and changing their 4. (person) behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis.On a website called No Fly Climate Sci，for example,5. (rough) 200 academics—many of them climate scientists—have promised to fly as little 6. possible since the effort started two years ago.
Cobb，for her part，started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak 7.______ she could do so remotely；about two-8. (three) of the time，they agreed.When the answer was no，she declined the 9. (invite)．That approach brought Cobb’s air travel last year down by 75%，and she plans to continue the practice.“It has been fairly rewarding，”she says—“10. really positive change.”
1．答案academics
解析考查名词复数。此句话中前面有one of，所以后面名词应该用复数形式，故填academics。2．答案frequently
解析考查副词。此处所填单词应该修饰前面的动名词travelling，所以应用副词，故填frequently。
3．答案is viewed/has been viewed
解析考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知，动名词作主语与view之间存在被动关系，故填is viewed或has been viewed。
4．答案personal
解析考查形容词。此处所填的单词应该修饰后面的名词behavior，所以应用形容词形式，故填personal。
5．答案roughly
解析考查副词。此处修饰数字用副词roughly“大约”，故填roughly。
6．答案as
解析考查原级比较。“as＋形容词/副词原级＋as”为固定用法，故填as。
7．答案whether/if
解析考查宾语从句。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，此处引导宾语从句作ask的宾语，意为“是否”，故填whether/if。
8．答案thirds
解析考查数词。此处是分数2/3的表达方式，分子如果大于1，分母要用复数形式，故填thirds。
9．答案invitation
解析考查名词。此处需填入名词作动词declined的宾语，故填invitation。
10．答案 a
解析考查冠词。此处表示一个积极的改变，表泛指，且really的发音为辅音音素开头，所以应该用不定冠词a。
1．形容词的名词化表达
某些形容词可以用“be of＋抽象名词”来表达。例如：be important＝be of importance be beneficial＝be of benefit be valuable＝be of value be helpful＝be of help be useful＝be of use
典例(2022·全国甲)说到海洋，它对世界非常重要，然而，它的污染正变得越来越严重。When it comes to ocean，it’s of great importance to the world；however，its pollution is becoming more and more serious.
运用(2021·全国甲)毫无疑问，故宫提供了一个进入中国木构建筑的窗口，这有助于外国人更多地了解中国文化。
There’s no doubt that the Palace Museum offers a window into Chinese wooden architecture，which is of help for foreigners to know more about Chinese culture.
2．副词的名词化表达
某些表示情绪的副词可以用“介词＋名词”短语表达。例如：angrily＝with anger anxiously ＝with anxiety curiously＝with curiosity comfortably＝in comfort peacefully＝in peace hurriedly＝in a hurry joyfully＝with joy
典例(2022·浙江1月)亨德森博士很高兴看到我们完成的项目并满意地对我们说：“一个人可以走得很远，但一群人可以走得更远。”
Dr Henderson was very glad to see our completed project and said to us with satisfaction，“One person can go far，but a group of persons can travel farther.”
运用(2020·浙江7月)我们万分焦急地等待获救。
We waited for being rescued with great anxiety.
3．活用带有比较级的句型
(1)the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..
典例(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)我听到的鼓励越多，我就越感到精力充沛。
The more encouragement I heard，the more energetic I felt.
运用(2022·全国甲)正如你们所知，参与的人越多，海洋环境就越好。
As you know，the more people are involved，the better the ocean environment is.
(2)“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义
典例(2022·全国乙)我认为，在英语学习中，没有比自律更重要的了。
As far as I’m concerned，nothing is more important than self-discipline in English learning.
运用(2021·浙江6月)我意识到没有什么比把这119美元给我的家人更有意义了。直到我把钱交给爸爸的时候，我才知道了成长的真正意义。
I realized nothing was more meaningful than contributing the 119 dollars to my family.Not until I handed my Dad the money did I know the true meaning of growing up.
2024届高考一轮复习英语教案语法专题：形容词和副词
第3讲形容词和副词 I bought an interesting① novel yesterday.The book is so interesting② that I can hardly let go of it.Worried③ about my study，my mother took it away.However，I found my mother absorbed④in it. My mother is reading the novel attentively⑤ now and she is quite⑤ moved by it.Obviously⑥，she won’t return the book to me soon. [规则感悟]①修饰名词，往往用形容词作定语。②在系动词之后，往往用形容词作表语。 ③表示情绪和精神状态的形容词可以作状语。④在“感官或使役动词＋宾语”之后，形容词可以作宾补，说明宾语的状态。⑤副词可以描述某个动作的情况或者描述动作、行为或状态的程度。⑥副词可以放在句首，作评论性状语，修饰整个句子。 1．形容词的构词规则 类别例词 加-y cloud→cloudy，luck→lucky，health→healthy，fog→foggy 加-(e)d gift→gifted，talent→talented，advance→advanced，excite→excited 加-ing surprise→surprising，convince→convincing，frighten→frightening，appeal→appealing，reward→rewarding，invite→inviting 加-ful/ -less meaning→meaningful/meaningless，care→careful/careless， help→helpful/helpless，harm→harmful/harmless， colour→colourful/colourless，use→useful/useless，thank→thankful/thankless 加-able comfort→comfortable，knowledge→knowledgeable，accept→acceptable，respect→respectable 加-ous danger→dangerous，courage→courageous，humour→humorous -ce变 为-t confidence→confident，difference→different 加-al music→musical，person→personal，nation→national，education→educational，tradition→traditional 加-ly friend→friendly，week→weekly，love→lovely
高三英语一轮复习语法专题：形容词和副词
形容词和副词 [感悟高考] 单句语法填空/单句改错 1．Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks ________ (regular)．(2016·全国Ⅱ，67) 2．If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work，you should take a step back and identify (识别)those of ________ (great)and less importance.(2016·全国Ⅱ，61) 3．From tomorrow，I will be their UK ambassador.The title will be ________ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.(2016·全国Ⅰ，63) 4．Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which ________ (gradual)turned into chopsticks.(2016·全国Ⅲ，46) 5．The teenage years from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.They were also the best and worse years in my life.(2016·全国Ⅲ，短文改错) 6．At one time，I even felt my parents couldn't understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.(2016·全国Ⅲ，短文改错) 『答案』 1.regularly 2.greater 3.officially 4.gradually 5.worse→worst 6.freely→free [考点清单] 考点一形容词、副词的同级比较 规则?“as＋形容词/副词原级＋as”与“not＋as/so＋形容词/副词原级＋as”表示同级比较，即两个或两部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同/不同。 Tom is as excellent as John in the ability of dealing with such cases. 在处理这类案件上，汤姆和约翰的能力是一样优秀的。 He doesn't run so/as fast as his younger brother. 他没有他弟弟跑得快。
2024年中考英语一轮复习形容词和副词的比较级最高级句型和注意点总结与练习
2024届九年级英语中考一轮复习【语法专题】 形容词和副词的比较级最高级句型和注意点总结与练习 九年级英语教研室整理 形容词和副词的比较级、最高级句型 （1）形容词及副词比较级的句型： ①比较级＋than…：…比…较为…。 即：“A＋动词＋形容词或副词比较级＋than＋B”。两者相比较，A比B更…一些。 eg： His brother is younger than I（me）. 他弟弟比我年轻。 Beijing is more beautiful than Wuhan. 北京比武汉更漂亮。 注意： 在比较级前有时可加一些修饰语，如much，a lot，a little，still，even等以示强调或加强语气。 eg： This box is a little heavier than yours. 这个箱子比你的要稍重一些。 This movie is much more interesting than that one. 这部影片比那部有趣得多。 ②as…as：…和…相同。 即：A+动词+as+形容词或副词原级+as+B，表示A和B两者比较，程度相同，“…和…相同”。 eg： My uncle is as tall as your father.
我叔叔和你父亲一样高。 My dog is as old as that one. 我的狗与那个狗一样大。 ③ A＋not＋as＋形容词或副词原级＋as＋B，表示A，B两者程度不同，即“A不如B那么…”。 eg： My uncle is not as tall as your father. 我叔叔不如你父亲高。 Tom is not as honest as John. 汤姆不如约翰诚实。 He can't run as /so fast as you. 他没你跑得快。 ④“比较级+ and +比较级”或“more and more +原级（多音节词和部分双音节词）”，意为“越来越…”。 eg： Our city is more and more beautiful. 我们的城市越来越美丽了。 More and more countries begin to save the financial crisis. 越来越多的国家开始拯救金融危机。 ⑤“the +比较级，the +比较级”，意为“越…就越…”。 eg： The more you read, the more you know. 你书读得越多，你知道得就越多。 （2）形容词及副词最高级的句型： ①…one of the +最高级+名词复数，意为“…之一”。 eg： Lu Xun is one of the greatest writers last century. 鲁迅是上世纪最伟大的作家之一。
第05讲形容词和副词(精讲)2024年高考英语高频考点题型归纳与方法总结(新高考通用)原卷版
【一轮复习讲义】2024年高考英语高频考点题型归纳与方法总结（新高考通用） 第05讲形容词和副词（精讲） 题型目录一览 1.形容词的基本用法 在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、状语等。 一般情况下，单个的形容词作定语放在被修饰的词之后，形容词短语放在被修饰的词之前。He is the only man alive in the village after the earthquake.地震后他是那个村子里唯一活着的人。 It is a problem difficult to solve.这是个难以解决的问题。 ■名师点津 (1)形容词作状语主要表示原因、结果或伴随等，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。 Light-hearted and optimistic, she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.她无忧无虑、积极乐观，是那种用微笑给别人带来快乐的人。 (2)有些以-ly结尾的词是形容词，而不是副词。常见的有：friendly, lovely, lively, lonely, elderly, deadly 等。 2．副词的基本用法 (1) 副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。 (2019·天津卷)A dog’s eating habit requires regular training before it is properly established. 狗的饮食习惯在正确建立之前需要定期的训练。 ■名师点津 有些副词，如fortunately, luckily, surprisingly, honestly, actually, personally等作评注性状语，往往修饰整个句子，而且它们常位于句首，且有逗号与后面的句子分开。 (安徽卷)Thankfully, I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.谢天谢地，我终于打完比赛了，所有的辛苦最终都是值得的。 （2）有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语。如：obviously，naturally，surprisingly
2024届高考英语一轮复习：核心形容词副词汇总清单素材(共十三大类)
高考英语核心形容词副词 一、表示感到压力 stressed /ˈstrest/ adj.感到压力的 stressful /ˈstresf(ə)l/ adj.令人有压力的 stress /stres/ n.精神压力，心理负担 v.强调 under stress 在压力之下 stress on sth.对某物的按压 [e.g.] Little stress on your wound would do help to slow bleeding.对伤口施加少许压力有助于减缓出血。 it must be stressed that ...必须着重指出…… [e.g.] It must be stressed that this test accounts for 60 per cent of your final score.必须强调的是，这次考试占了你最后成绩的60%。 stress (sb.) out （使）焦虑不安，疲惫不堪 [e.g.] Mountainous work during the past few weeks had stressed me out.过去几周巨大的工作量使我疲惫不堪。 stress的近义词 1.pressure /ˈpreʃə(r)/ n.压力 under pressure 面临压力，在压力之下；受到压力 high pressure 高压；高度紧张 blood pressure n.血压 atmospheric pressure 气压大气压力大气 2.strain /streɪn/ n.压力；重负 3.emphasize /ˈemfəsaɪz/ v.强调；重视；着重 stress的反义词 1.ease /i:z/ n.舒适；安逸；自在；无忧无虑 2.relief /rɪˈli:f/ n.（不快过后的）宽慰；轻松；解脱 3.relaxation /ˌri:lækˈseɪʃ(ə)n/ n.放松；休息；消遣 stress与pressure的区别 stress侧重指外来的压力，也指由于某种原因而引起的心理、生理或情绪上的紧张。 pressure指工作或生活中，某事物所产生的压力或影响力， [e.g.] She suffered from a lot of stress since her mother's illness.自从母亲生病以来，她承受了很大的压力。 [e.g.] The pressure of work made me ill.工作压力使我生病了。 写作高分表达 lay/place stress on sth.强调／重视某事 [e.g] It is necessary to lay stress on the concentration as well as efficiency.将重点放在专注度和效率上是必要的。 二、表示紧张、焦虑的、不安 1.nervous /ˈnɜːvəs/ adj.紧张的 → nerve /nɜːv/ n.神经 → nervousness /ˈnɜːvəsnəs/n.紧张 nervous system 神经系统
高中英语2024届高考复习核心形容词副词汇总(兴奋+羞愧)
高考英语核心形容词副词 一、表示兴奋 1.excited /ɪkˈsaɪtɪd/ adj.感到激动的，感到兴奋的； →exciting /ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ/ adj. 令人兴奋的，令人激动的（尤指无法预知下一步将发生什么） →excite /ɪkˈsaɪt/ v. 使兴奋，使激动；引起，激起； excite interest 引起兴趣 [e.g.] Supporters believe that teachers should organize a variety of activities to excite students' interest. 支持者认为教师应该组织各种各样的活动来激发学生的兴趣。 →excitement /ɪkˈsaɪtmənt/ n.令人激动（或兴奋）的事 2.enthusiastic /ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk/ adj.激动的；兴奋的 be enthusiastic about 热情；对…热心 [e.g.] Washington may be less enthusiastic about the European proposal. 华盛顿可能对欧洲这项提议不太有热情。 enthusiastic fan 发烧友/发热友 →enthusiasm /ɪnˈθjuːziæzəm/ n. 热情，热忱；热衷的活动，热爱的事物 learning enthusiasm 学习积极性学习热情 be in enthusiasm 怀有热情 enthusiasm for 热爱…… with enthusiasm 热情洋溢；狂热地 arouse the enthusiasm of...调动...的积极性 [e.g.] It can improve the efficiency of classroom teaching, arouse student's enthusiasm of learning, and promote the full-scale development of quality-oriented education. 它可提高课堂教学效率，激发同学的学习热情，促进素质教育的全面开展。 →enthusiast /ɪnˈθjuːziæst/ n.热衷者，爱好者； fishing enthusiast 钓鱼爱好者 sports enthusiast 体育迷 3.thrilled /θrɪld/ adj.兴奋的，十分激动的（好词） be thrilled about/at/with ...对……感到兴奋／激动 [e.g.] He was thrilled at the prospect of seeing them again. 他一想到能再次见到他们便欣喜若狂。 be thrilled to do sth.对做某事极为激动 [e.g.] I am thrilled to be admitted to the Peking University, my dream university. 北京大学是我梦想的大学，能被北大录取我感到非常激动。 →thrill /θrɪl/ n.
高中英语2024届高考复习核心形容词副词汇总(共四类)
高考英语核心形容词副词 一、严重的、严肃的、严格的、严酷的 1.serious /ˈsɪəriəs/ adj.①严重的；严肃的；②认真的 [e.g.] I am serious about this project.我很认真对待这个项目。 be serious about...严肃对待...；认真对待... serious damage 严重损害；严重损坏 serious illness 重大疾病 serious topic 严肃话题 → seriousness /ˈsɪəriəsnəs/ n.严重性；严肃；认真 → seriously /ˈsɪəriəsli/ adv.①严重地，恶劣地；②严肃地，认真地； take ...seriously 认真对待… 2.severe /sɪˈvɪə(r)/ adj.①严重的（天气/事故）；②严厉的（批评，惩罚） 【名言谚语】Silence is sometimes the severest criticism.沉默有时是最严厉的批评。severe punishment 严厉惩罚；从重处罚 severe headache 严重的头痛 severe weather conditions 恶劣的天气情况 severe punishment/disease/shortage严厉惩罚/严重疾病/严重短缺 → severely /sɪˈvɪəli/ adv.严重地；严格地；严厉地 3.strict /strɪkt/ adj.要求严格的，严厉的； strict rule/regulation/discipline 严格的规则/规章制度/纪律 strict teacher/parent(s) 严格的教师/父（母）亲 strict control 严格的控制 → strictly /ˈstrɪktli/ adv.严格地，严厉地； strictly speaking adv.严格地说；严格来说 4.harsh /hɑːʃ/ adj.（环境）恶劣的，艰苦的；严厉的，残酷的 harsh reality 严酷的现实；残酷的现实 写作高分表达 1.take ...into serious consideration 将...认真考虑 2.be strict with sb.严格对待某人 be strict about sth.严格对待某事 3.be severe on/with sb./sth.对……严厉 二、尴尬 1.embarrassed /ɪmˈbærəst/ adj.感到尴尬的，窘迫的 an embarrassed silence 难堪的沉默 be/feel embarrassed by/about ...因……困窘（尤指在社交场合） → embarrassing /ɪmˈbærəsɪŋ/ adj.令人尴尬的，使人难堪的； → embarrass /ɪmˈbærəs/ v.（使）尴尬，窘迫；使难堪，使为难； → embarrassment /ɪmˈbærəsmənt/ n.窘迫，难堪；使人为难的人或事物； 2.awkward /ˈɔːkwəd/adj.令人尴尬的；笨拙的 an awkward silence 一阵令人尴尬的沉默 awkward questions 棘手的问题 → awkwardly adv.笨拙地；无技巧地 → awkwardness n.尴尬；笨拙 1.difficult /ˈdɪfɪkəlt/ adj.困难的；棘手的 2.inconvenient /ˌɪnkənˈviːniənt/ adj.不方便的
高中英语2024届高考复习核心形容词副词汇总(生气+困惑+平静+特别)
高考英语核心形容词和副词 一、生气 1.angry /ˈæŋɡri/ adj.生气的 【近】annoyed adj.恼怒的 【反】delighted adj.高兴的；令人愉快的 get angry 生气；发脾气 be angry at/with sb./sth.生……的气 [e.g.] I was really angry with her.我很生她的气。 [e.g.]There is no need being angry with others about the mistakes they unconsciously make.{应用文—建议信}没必要为别人无心犯下的错和他们生气。 make sb.angry 使某人生气 [e.g.] It made me really angry.我很生气。 2.mad /mæd/ adj.生气的；发疯的 like mad 疯狂地；极快地 go mad 疯了 be mad at/with sb.对某人生气 [e.g.]You are not supposed to be mad at your sister.你不该对你妹妹生气。 be mad for sb./sth.为某人/某物着迷 [e.g.]Tom is mad for basketball.汤姆对篮球十分着迷。 make/drive sb.mad 使人恼火 [e.g.]Her silly questions drives me mad.她愚蠢的提问使我恼火。 【扩展】furious /ˈfjʊəriəs/ adj.生气的 二、困惑 1.puzzled /ˈpʌz(ə)ld/ adj.感到困惑的 puzzled look 迷惑的表情 be puzzled about/at/as to…对……感到困惑 [e.g.]I have been puzzled as to why British people like to talk about weather.{应用文—书信} 我一直很困惑为什么英国人喜欢谈论天气。 → puzzle /ˈpʌz(ə)l/ n.拼图v.使困惑 puzzle game 拼图游戏 → puzzling /ˈpʌzlɪŋ/ adj.令人困惑的 2.confused /kənˈfjuːzd/adj.感到困惑的 【近】distracted /dɪˈstræktɪd/ adj.注意力分散的；思想不集中的 at a loss 困惑、不知所措或不知道如何应对某种情况 feel confused 感到困惑 be confused about sth.对……感到疑惑 [e.g.]If you're confused about anything, write to me.{应用文—慰问信}如果你对什么事有疑问，写信给我。 be confused with sth.与……混淆 [e.g.]More often than not, leadership is confused with authority.人们通常把领导力与权力搞混。 → confuse /kənˈfjuːz/ v.使困惑 → confusion /kənˈfjuːʒn/ n.困惑 写作高分表达 puzzle over/about sth.苦苦思索某事；仔细琢磨某事 [e.g.]While doing extensive reading, you don't have to puzzle over every single word or phrase
2024届高考英语复习语法知识汇总讲解(形容词+副词+冠词)讲义素材
高考英语语法知识讲解 一、形容词（比较级和最高级） （一）形容词的比较级和最高级的变换形式 ⒈在形容词词尾加上-er，-est构成比较级、最高级。 ⒉双写最后一个字母，再加上一er、-est构成比较级、最高级。 ⒊以不发音的字母e结尾的形容词，加上-r，-st构成比较级、最高级。 ⒋以字母y结尾的形容词，把y改为i，再加上-er、-est构成比较级、最高级。 ⒌双音节、多音节形容词，在单词前面加上-morel-mo成比较级、最高级。 ⒍不规则变化的形容词。 （二）原级用法 ⒈原级比较 as+形容词或副词原级+as ①在否定句或疑问句中可用so.…as。例 【例】He can not run so fast as you. ②当as.…as中间有名词时采用以下格式 as +形容词+a+数名词as+many/much+名词 【例】This is as good an example as the other is. I can carry as much paper as you can. ③用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。 【例】This room is twice as big as that one.I can carry as much paper as you can. ④用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。 【例】This room is twice as big as that>Your room is the same size as mine. ⒉倍数表达法 ① A is three(four, etc) times the size (height,length etc.)of B. 【例】The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高）/这座新楼比那座旧楼大（高）三倍。 ② A is three(four, etc.) times as big (high,long,etc.)as B. 【例】Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大/亚洲比欧洲大三倍。 ③ A is three (four etc.) times bigger (higher, longer etc.) than B. 【例】Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。 用times表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double. （三）形容词比较级的用法 形容词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较，结构形式如下 ⒈ A+is/ arm/are 形容词比较级+than+B 【例】She is taller thanTom is more athletic than Sam. ⒉比较级+and+比较级，表示“越来越”例 【例】warmer and warmernicer and nicermore and more beautiful ⒊ the+比较级……，the+比较级…… 【例】The more you read the book, the more interesting you found. ⒋比较级的修饰语有much,far,even,a little,a bit,a lot 等。 【例】He made fewer mistakes than I did.He is even richer than I.
高中英语2024届高考复习核心形容词副词汇总(公平+积极消极+可能+熟悉+突然+严格)
高考英语核心形容词副词 一、公平 1.fair /feə(r)/ adj.公平的 it is fair to say that…可以说…… [e.g.] It is fair to say that the Internet has changed people's life dramatically.议论文—互联网 可以说互联网极大程度地改变了人们的生活。 → fairness /ˈfeənəs/ n.公平 → fairly /ˈfeəli/ adv.相当地；公平地；简直 → unfair /ˌʌnˈfeə(r)/ adj.不公平的 2.just /dʒʌst/ adj.公正的 [e.g.] Be just to all, but trust not all.要公正对待所有人，但不要轻信所有人。 → justice /ˈdʒʌstɪs/ n.正义 → justly /ˈdʒʌstli/ adv.公正地；正当地 → justify /ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪ/ v.证明合法 → justified /ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪd/ adj.有正当理由的；合乎情理的 3.impartial /ɪmˈpɑːʃ(ə)l/ adj.公正的 [e.g.] He is an impartial judge.他是位公正的法官。 → partial /ˈpɑːʃ(ə)l/ adj.不公平的 4.unbiased /ʌnˈbaɪəst/ adj.没有偏见的 [e.g.] There is no clear and unbiased information available for consumers. 没有清楚公正的信息提供给消费者。 → bias /ˈbaɪəs/ n.误差 5.objective /əbˈdʒektɪv/ adj.客观的（不为个人偏见兴趣、感情或看法所左右） [e.g.] It's hard to give an objective opinion about your close friends. 很难对自己的好朋友作出客观的评价。 → object /ˈɒbdʒɪkt/ v.反对 n.目标 → objectivity/ˌɒbdʒekˈtɪvəti/ n.客观 → objectiveness /əbˈdʒektɪvnəs/ n.客观性 → objection /əbˈdʒekʃ(ə)n/ n.反对 → objectively /əbˈdʒektɪvli/ adv.客观地 二、积极、消极 1.positive /ˈpɒzətɪv/ adj.积极的；正极的(电池) [e.g.] Positive thinking has several beneficial effects on the body and the mind. 积极的思维对身体和心灵有多种好处。 [e.g.] While online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive. 虽然网上购物改变了我们的生活，但并不是所有的影响都是积极的。 be positive about sth.对某事积极乐观 [e.g.] Though he has met many difficulties, my father is still very positive about life.{记叙文—人物描写} 尽管遇到许多的困难，父亲依然非常积极乐观地对待生活。 positive attitude towards ...在......上的积极态度 [e.g.] Holding a positive attitude towards life can give you strength when you're in trouble.{议论文—品德}
高中英语2024届高考复习核心词汇总(动词+副词+形容词)
高考英语核心词 一、核心动词 1.accord /ə'kɔ:d/ v.使符合，使适合 2.abandon /ə'bændən/ v. 抛弃，放弃，放纵，使沉溺于 3.abolish /ə'bɒliʃ/ v.废除，取消 4.acknowledge /ək'nɒlidʒ/ v.承认，答谢，报偿 5.acquaint /ə'kweint/ v. 熟悉，认识 6.acquire /ə'kwaiə(r)/ v. (靠己能力努力行为)获得 7.afford /ə'fɔ:d/ v. 付得起 8.allege /ə'ledʒ/ v. 断言，宣称 9.alternate / ɔ:l'tɜ:nət / v. 交替，轮流 /ɔːl'tɜːnit / adj. 交替的 10.anticipate /æn'tisipeit/ v. 预期 11.applaud /ə'plɔ:d/ v. 赞扬，称赞 12.ascend /ə'send/ v. 上升，攀登 13.ascribe /ə'skraib/ v. 归因于，归功于 14.assemble /ə'sembl/ v. 集合，聚集 15.assign /ə'sain/ v.分派，指派(职务，任务) 16.attribute /ə'tribju:t/ v. 归因于 17.base /beis/ v. 建立在……的基础上 18.bewilder /bi'wildə(r)/ v. 迷惑，弄糊涂 19.breed /bri:d/ v. 培育，养育 20.cling /kliŋ/ v. 坚守，抱紧 21.coincide /ˌkəʊin'said/ v. 相同，相一致 22.collaborate /kə'læbəreit/ v. 合著，合作 23.collide /kə'laid/ v. 互撞，碰撞 https://www.360docs.net/doc/5819335879.html,mence /kə'mens/ v. 开始 https://www.360docs.net/doc/5819335879.html,pensate /'kɒmpenseit/ v. 补偿，赔偿 https://www.360docs.net/doc/5819335879.html,plement /'kɒmpliment/ v.与…结合，补充 https://www.360docs.net/doc/5819335879.html,ply /kəm'plai/ v. 遵守 28.conceive /kən'si:v/ v. 想出，设想 29.concern /kən'sɜ:n/ v. 涉及，担忧 30.condense /kən'dens/ v. 压缩，浓缩 31.conflict /'kɒnflikt/ v. 冲突，战争 32.conform /kən'fɔ:m/ v. 符合，遵守，适应 33.confront /kən'frʌnt/ v. 面对，面临 34.conserve /kən'sɜ:v/ v. 保护，保存 35.consolidate /kən'sɒlideit/ v. 巩固 36.convey /kən'vei/ v. 表达，传达 37.crash /kræʃ/ v. (飞机)坠毁 38.cruise /kru:z/ v. 航行，漫游 39.dazzle /'dæzl/ v. 使眩目，耀眼 40.deceive /di'si:v/ v. 欺骗，哄骗 41.decline /di'klain/ v. 下降，减少42.dedicate /'dedikeit/ v. 奉献，献身，致力于 43.defend /di'fend/ v. 为…辩护 44.defy /di'fai/ v. 违抗，藐视 45.deny /di'nai/ v. 否认 46.deprive /di'praiv/ v. 剥夺 47.derive /di'raiv/ v. 得来，得到 48.descend /di'send/ v. 下落 49.deserve /di'zɜ:v/ v. 值得 50.deviate /'di:vieit/ v. (使)背离，(使)偏离 51.disguise /dis'gaiz/ v. 假扮，伪装 52.dominate /'dɒmineit/ v. 统治，占据 53.drain /drein/ v. 渐渐耗尽 54.duplicate /'dju:plikeit/ v. 复制，重复 55.eliminate /i'limineit/ v. 消除 56.endure /in'djʊə(r)/ v. 忍受，忍耐 57.enhance /in'hɑ:ns/ v. 提高，增加 58.enroll /in'rəʊl/ v.使成为……的成员，注册 59.evoke /i'vəʊk/ v. 引起，唤起 60.immerse /i'mɜ:s/ v. 使浸没 61.impose /im'pəʊz/ v. 征税，把…强加于 62.induce /in'dju:s/ v. 劝诱，诱导 63.indulge /in'dʌldʒ/ v. 纵容，放任 64.intend /in'tend/ v. 意欲 65.interpret /in'tɜ:prit/ v. 解释，说明 66.jeopardize /'dʒepədaiz/ v. 危及，损坏 67.linger /'liŋgə(r) / v.逗留，徘徊，拖延 68.locate / ləʊ'keit / v. 位于 69.magnify /'mægnifai/ v. 放大 70.mean /mi:n/ v. 打算，意欲 71.mingle /'miŋgl/ v. 混合起来，相混合 72.minimize /'minimaiz/ v. 使减到最少，最小化 73.monitor /'mɒnitə(r)/ v. 检测，监测 74.neglect /ni'glekt/ v. 忽视 75.occupy /'ɒkjupai/ v. 占领，使忙碌 76.oppress /ə'pres/ v. 压迫 77.originate /ə'ridʒineit/ v. 首创，起源 78.overlap /ˌəʊvə'læp/ v. 部分重叠 79.overwhelm /ˌəʊvə'welm/ v.压倒，浸没，使不安 80.permeate /'pɜ:mieit/ v. 渗入，渗透 81.prescribe /pri'skraib/ v.指示，规定，处方开药 82.preside /pri'zaid/ v. 主持 83.prolong /prə'lɒŋ/ v. 延长，拖延 84.promise /'prɒmis/ v. 许诺
2024届高考复习形容词副词特殊用法讲解讲义
形容词副词特殊用法讲解 一、形容词 1.放在名词后面的形容词 else 我们常用的someone else、anyone else，其实else是形容词。 由于名词前的位置被some、any占据，形容词else只能放到名词后面，变成anyone else。 a-古英语 alike、alive、alone这样以字母a开头的形容词，属于古英语，这类词代表一种暂时性的状态，它无法担任放在名词前，表示名词稳定属性的责任，所以也要放在名词后面。 当然，更常见的是，a-单词放在补语的位置上： The fish is alive. They found the professor alone. 2.名词做形容词 这类形容词称之为“前置定语” 需要注意的事，可数名词有单复数，如果做形容词的话，它们的词性要当成形容词来看，而形容词是没有复数的，所以名词做形容词时也不能有复数。 3.复合形容词 这类形容词也很常见，比如：a five-year-old boy 它更像是一个形容词短语，同样的，所有单词不能用复数，就拿a five-year-old boy来说，很多人都会把year加上s，其实是错的。 再如： an eye-opening experience a 100-watt light bulb eye、watt都去掉了s，这都是一些书写细节，写作时都能用得上。 4.多形容词摆放顺序 当遇到多个形容词时，我们要考虑形容词们的摆放顺序： 越表示名词本身属性的、不可变的、客观特质的形容词，越紧挨着名词。 越表示可变的、暂时性的、主观因素的形容词，越远离名词。 例： a bloody old black Italian leather glove a handsome old brown U.S.Air Force leather flying jacket 最后的leather和flying分别是glove、jacket的最本质属性，而前面的bloody、handsome都是可变因素，血可以洗干净，帅不帅是主观判断，old肯定是由新变旧的，也不可能重新变回新的样子... 5.形容词位置 形容词通常放在被修饰的名词前后，或者“补语”的位置上。 根据上述原则，“补语”算距离名词最远的位置，因为中间还隔了谓（系）语。 这两个位置上的形容词，会让读者对被修饰的名词有非常不同的理解。 比如a sick man&a man is sick 前者紧挨名词，相当于直接给出了名词man的一个属性特征，这个特征跟着名词，有比较长久、永久性的感觉。 后者隔了个系语is，之前我们说，补语是对前面的主语起补充的作用，这里的sick，就属于一种比较临时的、短暂性的补充，这种属性可能很快就会改变。 6.形容词比较级 拼法
第05讲 形容词、副词 (练)-2024年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新教材新高考)(解析版)
第05讲形容词和副词 （模拟精练+真题演练） 用单词的适当形式填空 1.（江苏省决胜新高考2023年高三4月大联考试题）The villages faithfully preserve elements that are typical of traditional pre-modern villages. ________ (additional), the site preserves regional art, customs, cuisine and other forms of cultural and traditional ways of life. 【答案】Additionally 【解析】考查副词。句意：此外，该地还保留了地区艺术、风俗、美食和其他形式的文化和传统生活方式。分析句子可知，空格处应用副词，作状语。故填Additionally。 2.（重庆市巴蜀中学2023年高三试题）The trend can be regarded as ________(benefit), as it has inspired more people in society to want to learn more about embroidery. 【答案】beneficial 【解析】考查形容词。句意：这种趋势可以被认为是有益的，因为它激发了社会上更多的人想要更多地了解刺绣。作表语，应用形容词beneficial。故填beneficial。 3.（2023届湖南省长沙市第一中学高三模拟试题）“From Beijing to Guangzhou, I have met students who are learning our language, ________(enthusiasm) young people, businessmen keen to innovate, and artists inspired by France. 【答案】enthusiastic 【解析】考查形容词。句意：从北京到广州，我遇到了学习我们语言的学生，热情的年轻人，渴望创新的商人，以及受法国启发的艺术家。作定语修饰名词people应用形容词enthusiastic，故填enthusiastic。 4.（湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学2023年高三试题）The old traditions may not be celebrated every spring, nor are the traditional dishes ________(necessary) to be enjoyed right on the day. 【答案】necessarily 【解析】考查副词。句意：古老的传统可能不是每年春天都要庆祝，传统菜肴也不一定要在那天享用。提示词修饰动词be enjoyed，应用副词necessarily作状语，意为“必定，一定”。故填necessarily。 5.（河北省石家庄部分重点高中2023年高三下学期试题）This means new shipping paths will be reliably open, but it also means that species that thrive (茁壮成长) on sea ice will have to adapt_______(significant) and may suffer. 【答案】significantly