译林牛津版高中英语必修一知识讲解 定语从句(II)

定语从句(Ⅱ)

概念引入

The lab where the chemist often does experiments is not far from here.

化学家做实验的那个实验室离这儿不远。

I've always longed for the days when I should be able to be independent.

我非常渴望我能够独立的那天。

There are moments when I forget all about it.

那个时候我忘记了所有的一切。

He wanted to know the reason why I was late.

他想要知道我迟到的理由。

观察这些句子可以发现,句子所包含的定语从句的引导词是where、when和why,那么这三个连接词的用法是什么呢?这就是本单元我们要学习的内容。

语法点拨

【定语从句二】

where引导的定语从句

1. 基本用法

当先行词在定语从句中的成分是地点状语时,连接词用where。而且先行词通常是place, house, city, country等等。

1)The hotel where we s tayed wasn’t clean.我们住的那家旅馆不干净。

分析从句的成分:主语为we, 谓语为stayed,并且stay为不及物动词,从句不需要宾语。where代替先行词the hotel在定语从句中作地点状语,相当于we stayed in the hotel。2)The building where he lives is very old. 他住的这栋建筑很老旧。

把从句的含义补全应该为:he lives in the building,先行词building加上介词in在从句中作状语,关系词用where或in which。

3)Put it at the place where you have found it. 把它放在你发现它的地方。

分析从句的句子成分,主谓宾齐全,结构完整,先行词在从句中充当地点状语。

4)The city where we spent our holidays is very beautiful. 我们度假的那座城市很漂亮。

分析先行词和从句的关系,“我们在这个城市度假”,where相当于in the city,作从句的

地点状语。

2. where可以用“介词+which”代替

先行词为名词,加上介词后可以在从句中充当地点状语,此时作介词宾语的先行词可以用which或that代替,如果把介词放在定语从句前,连接词只用which。

Shanghai is the city where (=in which) I was born. 上海是我出生的从城市。

I visited the farm where (=on which) a lot of cows were raised.

我参观了那个养了很多奶牛的农场。

This kind of plant grows best at the places where (=in which)it is warm and wet.

这种植物在温暖潮湿的地方长得最好。

3. 几个特殊的词

定语从句修饰job, point, situation, stage, condition和case, position 等表示抽象意义的词,常用where或“prep + which”引导,意思是“到了某种地步,在某种境况中”。

We will start at the point where we stopped. 我们从上次停止的地方开始吧。

This is a job where you are doing something serious but interesting.

这是一份你做着严肃而有趣的事情的工作。

It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.

把孩子们放在一个他们能以不同方式看待自己的地方是很有帮助的。

when引导的定语从句

1. 基本用法

当先行词在定语从句中作时间状语时,连接词用when,而且先行词通常是time, day, night, moment等等表示时间的名词。

1)He was born in the year when the earthquake took place. 他出生在地震发生的那一年。

分析从句句子成分:主语the earthquake,谓语took place,无需宾语,先行词the year 在从句中只能加上介词in充当从句的时间状语,所以用表示时间状语的when/ in which。

注意:the year前的介词in为主句中的介词,跟从句无关,从句中的in是分析先行词和从句的逻辑关系而得出的。

2)She looked fine at the time when I saw her.我看到她的时候她看起来不错。

分析从句的成分可知,从句主谓宾语都不少,先行词the time在从句中表示“我看见她”的时间,即时间状语(在那个时间at the time),所以用when引导从句。

2. when可以用“介词+which”代替

表示时间的名词,加上介词后在从句中充当时间状语,而这个名词可以which或that 代替,是介词的宾语,但是如果把介词放在定语从句前,连接词只用which。

July is the month when (=in which) the weather is usually the hottest.

七月通常是天气最热的一个月。

He lived in a time when (=during which) the blind couldn’t get much education.

他生活在一个盲人不能得到很多教育的时代。(2015 重庆高考)

Please let me know of the day when (on which) you will arrive in Beijing.

请告知我们你将到北京的时间。

The time when we got together finally arrived. 我们团聚的时刻终于来到了。

She’ll never forget her stay there when she found her son who had gone missing two years before. 她永远都不会忘记那次停留,那时他找到了两年前失踪的儿子。

Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, when (during which)the audience can buy ice-cream.

音乐会两部分之间有中场休息,观众在那时可以买点冰淇淋。

3. 特殊用法:表示“次数”的time

若time 是作“次数”讲时,应用关系代词that引导的定语从句,that可以省略。

This is the second time (that) the president has visited the country.

这是总统第二次访问这个国家。

I could hardly remember how many times (that) I’ve failed.

我几乎记不住我失败了多少次。

why引导的定语从句

1. 基本用法

当先行词在定语从句中的成分是原因状语的时候,连接词就是why,而且先行词通常是reason。

That is one of the reasons why I hate you.这是我讨厌你的原因之一。

先行词the reasons加上介词for在从句中作原因状语,介词for是从句的逻辑关系补充的。从句补全为:I hate you (for) the reasons.

The reason why he changed his mind is not clear. 他改变主意的原因还不清楚。

同理,the reason在从句中作原因状语,用why引导定语从句,相当于“因为这个原因”。

2. why可以用“for which”代替

for the reason 意思是“因为这个原因”,why引导定语从句修饰reason时,相当于for the reason,因为reason是for的宾语,所以why也可以用for which代替。

Do you see any reason why (=for which)he refused to help?

你明白他拒绝帮忙的理由吗?

I want to know the reason why (=for which) he left so early.

我想知道他这么早离开的原因。

定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的选择

有同学一看到先行词是表示地点的名词,选择where;看到先行词为表示时间的名词,选择when;看到先行词为reason,选择why;这种做法是不对的,选什么关系代词或关系副词关键是看先行词在从句中做哪种成分。

比较下面句子:

March 22 is the day when I was born. 3月22号是我出生的那一天。(先行词the day在从句中作时间状语:I was born on the day.)

March 22 is the day (which/that) I will never forget. 3月22号是我永远不会忘的一天。(先行词the day在从句中作forget的宾语:I will never forget the day.)

Would you please tell me the reason why you are late again for work?

你能告诉我你又一次迟到的原因吗?

Would you please tell me the reason which/that at least sounds true this time?

你能告诉我这次听起来更真实点的原因吗?

I saw them in the park where a lot of people were singing.

我在那家有很多人唱歌的公园里看到他们。

I saw them in the park which/that was built 10 years ago.

我在那家十年前建好的公园里看到他们的。■

1. 明确关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的作用不同:

1) 关系代词which, that, who在定语从句中作主语或在及物动词和介词后作宾语。

2) 关系副词when, where, why在定语从句中作状语。

The old town has narrow streets and small houses which are built close to each other.

那座老城有狭窄的街道和彼此建的很近的低矮的房子。

(从句部分缺主语,填入关系代词)

This is the house where I lived two years ago.

这是我两年前住过的房子。

(从句中不缺少主语和宾语,the house在从句中加上in作地点状语,用关系副词where 引导从句)

I just heard the bank where Dora works was robbed by a gunman wearing a mask.

我刚刚听说多拉工作的银行被一个带着面具的持枪歹徒抢劫了。(2015 重庆高考)

(从句部分的谓语works是不及物动词,不带宾语,填入关系副词where,相当于in the bank)

A bank is the place where they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when

it begins to rain.

(从句部分的谓语lend和ask for为及物动词,但都已经带了宾语,填入关系副词where,相当于at the place)

2.选择关系代词或关系副词的方法:

1)分析句子结构,明确语法成分:关系词在定语从句中作主语、宾语还是作状语。

2)关键在于从句的谓语动词是否及物动词,如果是及物动词,如缺宾语则选择关系代词;

如不缺宾语或谓语动词为不及物动词,则选择关系副词。

3)如果从句缺少主语,而先行词正是从句谓语的主语,用关系代词。

I still remember the year when/ in which I joined the army. 我仍然记得参军的那一年。

(先行词the year在从句中作时间状语)

I’ll never forget 1976that / which was full of sadness.

我永远也忘不了那充满了悲伤的的1976年。

(先行词1976在从句中作主语)

I can see t he desk where / on which there is a book. 我能看见上面有一本书的那张桌子。

(先行词the desk在从句中作地点状语)

The Science Museum,which we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist attractions. 我们上次去英国参观的科学博物馆是伦敦的旅游景点之一。

(先行词the Science Museum 在从句中作主语。)

(2016 北京高考) Last year, I spent all my time looking for a job where,without dealing with the public,I could work alone,but still have a team to talk to.

去年,我花了我所有的时间找个工作,这个工作不需要应付公众,可以单独工作,但是还有一个团队可以交流。

(先行词a job在从句中表示抽象的地点,即“在工作中”,所以用where)

The reason that you gave me just now was just an excuse.

你刚才给我的理由只是一个借口。(先行词the reason在从句中宾语。)

The reason why he didn’t come was that he was ill.他没有来的原因是他病了。

(先行词the reason在从句中作原因状语)

特殊定语从句:

1. 分裂式定语从句

有些定语从句和先行词之间插入一个词组、短语或别的成分,这称为“分裂式定语从句”。

I have an aunt in London, who I have never seen. 我有一个姑姑在伦敦,我没有见过。

Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with the kids.

我有时间陪孩子们的情况很少。

2. 带有插入语的定语从句。

This is my uncle, Mr. Wang, who, I guess, will help you finish the job in three hours.

这是我的叔叔王先生,我认为他会帮你在三个小时内做完这个工作。

He often helps the students who he thinks are not quick at their studies.

他经常帮助他认为在学习上反应不太快的学生。

Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, which, of course, make all the others upset. 玛丽对杰克比对其他人善良得多,这当然使其他人不快。

牛津译林版必修一语法—定语从句

定语从句知识点梳理 一、基本概念 1) Mary is a 21-year-old student. She is a nice girl. 2) Mary is a student 21 years old. Mary is a student in her twenties. 3) Mary is a student who is 21 years old. attributive clause(定语从句:修饰主句中名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。)antecedent (先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。) Mary is a student who is 21 years old. (先行词) (关系代词) The school where he studied is in Shenzhen. (先行词) (关系副词) 3. Introduce relative pronouns : which, that, who, whom and whose. Introduce relative adverbs: where, why and when. Introduce the functions of the relative words. (Page 8) ①指代先行词; ②位于从句句首,连接定语从句与主句; ③并在定语从句中充当从句某一成分。 二、关系代词的用法 (一)基本用法 根据先行词的不同,和在从句中所充当的成分不同,选用不同的关系代词。

例如:(注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分) ①Do you know the professor who/that will give us a speech next week? ②I read a report about his new novel that/ which will soon be published. ③The plan that/which they argued about was settled at last. ④This is the new secretary (who/whom/that)I would like to introduce to you. ⑤The soldier whose legs were badly wounded was operated on without delay. 注意:关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略,充当主语时则不能。( 二)关系代词that代替which的一些情况 which, that 在代替物时,一般可以通用。 但在有些情况下,只用that。 ⑴先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。 例如: ①This is the best that has been used against pollution. ②English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years. ⑵先行词是序数词,或它前面有一个序数词时。 例如: ①This is the last place (that) I want to visit. ②It is the first American movie of this kind that I’ve ever seen. ⑶先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等代词时。 例如: ①You should hand in all that you have. ②We haven’t got much that we can offer you. ⑷先行词前面有the only, the very, any, few, little, no, all, much, every等修饰时。 例如: ①The only thing that we can do is to give you some money. ②The little money (that) he had was stolen. (三)宜用who, 而不用that的一些情况 ⑴先行词是one, ones, anyone时。 例如: ①One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. ②Don’t tell anyone about the news who oughtn’t to know it. ⑵先行词是those时。 例如: ①Those who were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth. (四)其它情况 ⑴先行词既有人又有物时。 例如: ①Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? ②The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station. ⑵主句已有疑问词who 或which时。 例如: ①Which is the bike that you lost? ②Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?

译林版高中英语必修1讲义Unit 2 Section Ⅲ Grammar——定语从句(Ⅱ)

Section ⅢGrammar——定语从句(Ⅱ) 语境自主领 悟 先观察原句后自主感悟 ①In the corner,there is a garbage can around which are pieces of garbage and waste paper. ②My cousin is a person with whom I stayed when I was young. ③I often think of the moment when I first saw her. ④Perhaps there is a reason why the house is in a mess. ⑤Mike wants to work in a country where there are a lot of forests. 1.例句①②中含“介词+关系代 词”引导的定语从句,而且关系词 作介词的宾语。 2.例句③④⑤中含关系副词引导 的定语从句,而且,关系副词在从 句中作状语。why作原因状语; where作地点状语;when作时间状 语。 一、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 1.在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,关系代词通常是which和whom,which指物,whom指人。

[即时训练1] 用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句合并句子 ①The reason is that he was ill yesterday.He did not hand in his homework for that reason. →The reason for which he did not hand in his homework is that he was ill yesterday. ②The English play was a great success.The students acted in it at the New Year's party. →The English play in which the students acted at the New Year's party was a great success. ③Who is the man?You shook hands with him just now. →Who is the man with whom you shook hands just now? 2.“介词+which”在定语从句中作时间、地点、原因状语,相当于关系副词when,where,why。 I shall remember the days in which(when)we studied together forever. 我将永远记住我们一起学习的日子。 Last year my parents went to the farm on which(where) they worked 30 years ago again. 去年我父母又去了他们30年前工作过的那个农场。 Is this the reason for which(why)he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助的理由吗? [即时训练2]

牛津译林版高一英语上册必修一 语法总结

牛津译林版高一英语上册模块一语法总结 一、有关定语从句的一些要点 I. 只能用“that”的情况 1.先行词为anything/everything/all/any/little等不定代词时 注:有时all/everything/anything + that定语从句= what+名词性从句(如宾语从句) We’ll do all (that) we can to help you (= what we can) The way he solved the problem was different from what we were used to.(=the way that we were used to)2.先行词前有序数词,最高级,all /any / the very / the right / the only修饰时 3.先行词既有人又有物时We talked about the things and teachers that we all knew. 4.引导词在从句中作表语时 My hometown is no longer a small village that it used to be.(that在从句中做表语) 5.避免重复时Who is the person that you want to see. II. 不能用that 的情况 1.介词之后The prize for which he worked so hard was a new bicycle. 非限制性定语从句中,“,”之后Football,which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world. III. whose的使用:既指人又指物,替代his, her, their, its及名词所有格(如:Tom’s/the school’s) The book, whose cover is broken, is not mine. (=the cover of which = of which the cover) IV. 先行词为表时间/地点/原因的名词时,用where, when, why还是用that/which 若从句中被替代部分:作主语或宾语,用that/which; 作状语, 用where/when/why (往往=“介词+which”) 1.My sister works in a beautiful city, _where_there are a lot of parks. (=in which) 2.The place_that/which_ interests the children most is Disneyland.(从句中作主语) 3.I often thought of my childhood, when I lived on a farm. (替代in my childhood) 4.Next winter,__which you’ll spend in Harbin, I’m sure, will be an exciting holiday.(作spend的宾语) 5.Mary had to go to Beijing on business on June15, which h appened to be her son’s birthday.(作主语)6.This is the very reason __that_ you all know. (作know的宾语) V. as引导的定语从句,which指代一句话/一件事 1.the same/as/such/so…as(定语从句):先行词前有“such/ so, the same/as ”修饰时,定语从句用“as”引导★比较:such /so…+名词+as ( 定语从句, as起替代作用,从句结构不完整“象/如…的…”) such /so…+名词+that (状语从句,从句结构完整“如此…以致于…”) Please lend me the same tool as was used the other day. Mr. Wang is so good a teacher as all the students love and respect Mr. Wang is such a good teacher that all the students love and respect him 2.as引导非限制性定语从句,指代逗号前后的整个句子,可置于句首、句中或句末。常出现在一些固定表达中。如:as we/all/you know, as is known to all, as we expected/planned, , as is mentioned/said above, as is reported/said, as is natural, as is often the case.有时可看作插入语。 ★as…: 位置灵活,可前可后;且含有“正如/正像…”的含义。 which…: 只能放于主句之后;含有“这…,这一点…”的含义。 1) Tom, ___as__ had been expected , got beaten in the game 2) They call him “Meat Ball”,____which______ I think is not correct. VI.the way ( in which/ that)…: the way作先行词时, 可用“in which” 或“that”, 且一般可省略。 如: The way in which/(that) they were treated hurt their feelings. VII.定语从句的主谓一致 引导词在从句中做主语时,从句谓语动词应与先行词,即所修饰的名词或代词一致 Those who break the law are to be punished. But there are few modern families that _have no televisions. 比较:He is one of the students who __were_ late for school. He is the only one of the students who __was___late for school.

[2021精选]译林牛津版高中英语必修一学案:定语从句

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高中英语(译林牛津版)必修一学案(湖南):Unit 2 Growing Pains 定语从句(

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