裕兴版新概念英语第三册笔记Lesson 3

Lesson 3 An unknown goddess

一. 单词讲解

New words and expressions

goddess n.女神

archaeologist n.考古学家

Aegean adj.爱琴海的

explore v.考察,勘探

promontory n.海角

prosperous adj.(经济上)繁荣的,昌盛的civilization v.文明

storey n.楼层

drainage n.排水

worship n.崇拜

sacred adj.宗教的,神圣的fragment n.碎片

remains n.遗物,遗迹,废墟classical adj.(希腊和罗马)古文化的reconstruct v.修复

rest v.倚放,放置

hip n.屁股,臀部

full-length adj.(裙衣)拖地长的graceful adj.优雅的

identity n.身份

unknown [?n?n??n]

1. not be known by name 无名的

2. not well-known 不出名的

I’m nobody.默默无闻

I’m a small potato.我是个小人物.

a household [?haush?uld] name 家喻户晓VIP: Very Important Person 大人物

He is somebody.

a big shot 大人物

goddess [?g?d?s] n. 女神

-ess 阴性词词尾,表女性或母性.

hostess 女主人; 女主持人

stewardess [?stu:?d?s, ?stju:-] 空姐

mistress [?mistris] 情妇; (旧) 女家庭教师

tigress 雌老虎

mother tiger 母老虎

性别:

gender [?d?end?] (文)

sex [seks]

人: female[ ?fi:meil] /male [meil]

动物: female/male she/he

arch(a)eologist [?ɑ:k???l?d??st] n.考古学家

arch 拱门

arch-

archbishop [ɑ:t??b???p]

-ology scientific study 研究

-ist ...人

-ology

anthropology [??nθr??p?l?d?i:]人类学

anthropoid [??nθr??p??d] 类人猿

psychology [sai?k?l?d?i] 心理学

philosophy [fi?l?s?fi] 哲学;人生观

philo- 喜爱

-sophy 智慧

physiology [?f?zi:??l?d?i:] 生理学

-ist ...人;...家

specialist [?spe??list] 专家

a heart specialist 心脏病专家

Buddhist [?budist 佛教徒

racist [?reisist] 种族主义者

terrorist [?ter?r?st] 恐怖主义分子

pacifist [?p?s?f?st] 反战主义者

explore [?k?spl??(r)] v.

(travel through an area in order to find out what is here) 考察;勘探explorer

Internet Explorer 网络浏览器

explode v.爆炸

exploit [i ks?pl?it] v.利用;剥削

exploit child labor 剥削童工

promontory [?pr?m?nt?ri] n. 海角

(a high long narrow piece of land which goes out into the sea)

cape [keip]: a large piece of land with 3-side water 三面环水的一大块陆地

the Cape of Good Hope 好望角

channel: a passage of water connecting 2 seas 连接两个大海的,一个非常狭长的海域English Channel

strait [streit]: a passage of water between two lands connecting two seas 两大片土地之间用来连接两大海域的狭长的海域地带

Taiwan strait

pirate 海盗; 盗版

delta [?delt?]

Nile Delta 尼罗河三角洲

prosperous [?pr?sp?r?s] a.繁荣昌盛的

prosperity [pr?s?periti] n.

We’ll keep the prosperity and stability [st??biliti] of HK at any cost. 中国政府将不惜任何代价维护香港的繁荣与稳定. (at any cost/ at any price)

Background [?b?kɡraund] notes:

The America experienced the Great Depression in 1930s’.

After the boom [bu:m], everything is gloom ɡlu:m].繁荣过后,尽是萧条.

slump [sl?mp] n.衰退

a slump in stock 股份下跌

slack [sl?k] a.松弛的; 不振作的; (市场)疲软的

in low time 在最不如意的时候

The business is in low time. 生意萧条.

civil [?sivl] a.

civil rights 民权

civil law 民法----- criminal law 刑法

civil servant [?s?:v?nt] 国家公务员

civil engineering 土木工程

civil war 内战

domestic [d??mestik] market 国内市场

domestic violence [?vai?l?ns] 家庭暴力

domestic flights 国内航班

home crowd 家乡父老

drain [drein] n.下水道

brain drain 人才流失

drainage [?dreinid?] n.排水系统

-age 名词后缀

postage [?p?ustid?] 邮资

hostage [?h?stid?] 人质

orphanage [??:f?n?d?] 孤儿院

worship [?w?:?ip] n.祭祀

warship [?w?:???p] 战舰

rite: for religious [ri?lid??s] purposes 宗教仪式

rites of baptism [?b?p?t?z?m] 洗礼

This is a Christian religious ceremony in which sb is touched or covered with water to welcome them to the Christian [?krist??n] faith or name them.

pray [prei] : ask God for help 祈祷

prey [prei] 猎物

Mass 弥撒

sacrifices [?s?krifaisiz] : offer to God祭品

fragment [?fr?ɡm?nt] n.碎片

fall into fragments 摔得粉碎

fall into pieces 口语

piece

I am about to go to pieces. 我快崩溃了.

fraction [?fr?k??n] 一小份

in a fraction of a second 片刻,眨眼间

fracture [?fr?kt??] n.骨折

segment [?seɡm?nt] (果实) 一块,一瓣

a segment of an orange 一瓣橘子

二. 课文讲解

Some time ago，an interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean（adj.爱琴海的；n.）island of Kea．An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini．The city at one time must have been prosperous，for it enjoyed a high level of civilization．Houses--often three storeys high--were built of stone．They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls．The city was even equipped with a drainage system，for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets．

The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the fifteenth century B.C. until Roman times. In the most sacred room of the temple, clay fragments of fifteen statues were found. Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted. The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the

fifteenth century B.C. Its missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C. This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved. It was very old and precious even then. When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman. She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hip. She was wearing a full-length skirt which swept the ground. Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but, so far, the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.

不久之前，在爱琴海的基亚岛上，考古工作者有一项有趣的发现。一个美国考古队在阿伊亚.依里尼海角的一座古城里考察了一座庙宇。这座古城肯定一度很繁荣，因为它曾享有高度的文明，房子一般有3层楼高，用石块修建。里面房间很大，墙壁装饰华丽。城里甚至还敷设了排水系统，因为在狭窄的街道底下发现了许许多多陶土制作的排水管道。

考古工作者考察的这座庙宇从公元前15世纪直到罗马时代一直是祭祀祈祷的场所。在庙中最神圣的一间殿堂里发现了15尊陶雕像的碎片。每一尊雕像代表一位女神，而且一度上过色。其中有一尊雕像，她的躯体是在公元前15世纪的历史文物中发现的，而她那身异处的脑袋却碰巧是在公元前5世纪的文物中找到的。她的脑袋一定是在古希腊罗马时代就为人所发现，并受到精心的保护。却使在当时，它也属历史悠久的珍奇之物。考古工作者把这些碎片重新拼装起来后，惊奇地发现那位女神原来是一位相貌十分摩登的女郎。她身高3英尺，双手叉腰。身穿一条拖地长裙，尽管上了年纪，但体态确实优美。不过，考古工作者至今未能确定这位女神的身份。

Some time ago, an interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island of Kea.

make a discovery 做出发现

make a name for oneself 出名

make history 创造历史

make a noise 名噪一时

Ben Laden really made a noise by 9.11.

make a dent [dent] : to make a first step towards success in something 取得初步的,有效

的进展; 奏效

Chinese open-up policy [?p?l?si] has made a dent. 中国的改革开放取得了初步成效. Aegean

The Aegean sea lies between Greece and Turkey, part of Mediterranean Sea.

主题句: 为典型的记叙文开关句

记叙文的文体特点: 时间,地点,人物,事件. 并按事件发生的时间,空间顺序描写,把握住其特

征,就能轻松应对文章的理解.

Time: some time ago 不久前,一段时间前

Place: on the Aegean Island of Kea

Person: archaeologists

Event: a discovery was made

An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini.

an American team 一支美国的考古队伍

stand

China stands in the East of the world. 中国屹立于世界的东方.

lie in 静静地等等,潜伏

A lake lies in the middle of the forest. 森林的中央有一个湖泊.

A grand [ɡr?nd] crocodile l [?kr?k?dai l] lies in wait for its prey. 一只巨大的鳄鱼潜伏在那里等着它的猎物.

be situated (正式)

be located in (正式)

The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization. must have done 主观判断

enjoy

enjoy a long history 历史悠久

China enjoys a long history.

enjoy supports 得到支持

Geoge. W. Bush enjoyed a lot of supports during the president-election. Geoge. W. Bush 在总统竞选期间受到了许多人的支持

enjoy good health

enjoy large sales 畅销

enjoy a handsome income 享有较高的收入

Houses-often three storeys high were-built of stone.

be built of stone

/be made of stone

He is made of stone. 铁石心肠的人

They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls.

they----houses

with

介词是英语中很重要的一种词性. with作为抽象含义而使用,表示被描述事物的特征和性质. 语音简洁,利落,生动.

a man with a beard 一个留着山羊胡子的男人.

a man with a moustache [m?s?tɑ:?] 小胡子

a man with whiskers [?hw?sk?, ?w?s-]络腮胡子

a man with queues 发辫

Abraham Lincoln <<盖提斯堡演讲>>

of the people, by the people, and for the people 为民所有,为民所治,为民所享(民有,民治,民享)

The city was even equipped with a drainage system, for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets.

The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the fifteenth century B.C. until Roman times.

B.C. 公元

----- before Christ [kraist] (before the birth of Christ) 耶稣出生之前的这段时间叫做公元前A.D. 西元

------Anno Domini (Latin) (since the birth of Christ) 自从耶稣诞生以来/(after the birth of Christ)

Roman times 古罗马时代

(from 200 B.C. until 400 A.D.) 公元前200年到公元后400年

Do as the Romans do when in Rome. 入乡随俗

Every road leads to Rome. 条条大路通罗马. (殊途同归)

Rome wasn’t built in a day.冰冻三尺非一日之寒.

In the most sacred room of the temple, clay fragments of fifteen statues [?st?tju:] were found.

were found 被动语态

sacred [?seikrid] adj.庄严的(greatly respected [ris?pekt])

holy [?h?uli]: (god) 神圣的

the holy city: Jerusalem 圣城

religious [ri?lid??s]: (religion [ri?lid??n]) 宗教的

这是一篇略带科技色彩的文章,要尽量减少主观色彩,所以被动语态是上策,引入主语反而增加主观色彩.

The temple was used...

Each of these represented [?repri?zent] a goddess and had, at one time, been painted. represent [?repri?zent] v. 代表

T he Statue of Liberty [?lib?ti] represents the friendship of France and America. 自由女神像代表了美国人和法国人之前的友谊.

stand for

symbolize [?s?mb??la?z] v.象征

to be the symbol [?simb?l] of 成为...的象征

Pimple [?p?mp?l] is the symbol of Youth. 青春痘是青春的象征.

Rose is the symbol of England.

been painted. paint 为上色

The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century B.C. remains 历史遗迹;遗体

ruins ['ruinz] 废墟

be on the road to ruins 走向毁灭,走向灭亡

relic [?relik] 遗物,遗迹,遗风漏俗

legacy [?leɡ?si] 遗产;遗留产物

As the legacy of the male-dominated society, women find it their duty to spend the money men earn.在一个男权统治的社会,女人觉得花男人的钱是天经地义的事.

date from 可以追溯到; 自从...就有(无被被)

date back to

go back to

trace back to

Its missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C.

missing head 下落不明的头

be lost 迷路

the lost generation 迷惘的一代

Background notes:

the young men who were killed in WWI, who could have been successful in art, science or literature [?lit?rit??].

and also it means all the people who became adults during or after WWI, and suffered great social and emotional [i?m?u??nl] disadvantages [?dis?d?vɑ:ntid?] as a result.

A group of US writers grew up during WWI, such as Eraest Hemingway, a pacifist.

The Old Man and Sea 老人与海

A Farewell to Arms 永别了,武器

This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved.

classical a.传统的,古朴的(very traditional [tr??d???n?l])

classical music 古典音乐---- popular music

classical physics 古典物理_____ quantum [?kw?nt?m] physics 量子物理

classical times 古希腊,古罗马时代

classic [ ?kl?sik] a.经典的

Titanic is a classic film. 泰坦尼克号可是一部经典的片子.

class n.阶级; 等级

It was very old and precious even then.

When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman.

reconstruct [?ri:k?n?str?kt] v.重建,修复

Reconstruction [?ri:k?n?str?k??n] (1865-1877) 重建时期

Background notes”

the period of American History after the civil war when the southern states, under government and military control, rejoined the US.

Slavery was abolished. Black people were given the right to vote, and a few universities were established for black people.

turn out to be 竟然是

The Kramers

To be both a father and mother to a child at the same time turns out to be more difficult than he thought. 实际上要比他想像的困难的多.

She was wearing a full-length skirt which swept the ground.

wear

wear a dress

wear make-up 化妆

wear perfume [?p?:fju:m] 涂了香水

wear contact [?k?nt?kt] lenses [lenz]戴着隐形眼镜

wear a moustache

wear a sad look 一脸愁容

wear pistol [?pistl]

full-length 全长

full-length TV series 大型电视系列片

<> 今日香港

full dress welcome 热烈欢迎,隆重欢迎

Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but , so far , the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.

despite prep.尽管

in spite of

so far 引起完成时

until ---until now 到现在/目前为止

up to ---up to now 到现在为止

by now 到现在为止

三. 复习

Review

1. Some time ago, an interesting discovery was made by archaeologists. make a discovery 做出发现

make a name for oneself 出名

make history 创造历史

make a noise 名噪一时

Ben Laden really made a noise by 9.11.

make a dent: (to make a first step towards success in sth) 初见成效Chinese open-up policy has made a dent.

2. ...it enjoyed a high level of civilization. 享有高度文明

enjoy a long history 历史悠久

enjoy supports 得到支持

enjoy good health 身体很棒

enjoy large sales

enjoy a handsome income (handsome 相当可观)

3. Roman times 古罗马时代(from 200 B.C. until 400 A.D.)

Do as the Romans do when in Rome. 入乡随俗.

Every road leads to Rome. 条条大路通罗马. (殊途同归)

Rome wasn’t build in a day. 冰冻三尺非一日之寒.

4. wear a full-length skirt

wear a dress

wear make-up

wear perfume

wear contact lenses

wear a moustache

wear a sad look

wear pistol

四. 成语

Idioms

Bible [?baibl] 圣经

refers to 2 books: Old Testament [?test?m?nt] 旧约

New Testament 新约

Long, long ago, the sky and the earth were in chaos [?kei?s].

On the 6th day 第六日(上帝于第6日造人)

man: Adam – the first man (Hybru)

Eve: it means woman who belongs to man (Hybru)

snake: serpent [?s?:p?nt]

forbidden fruit 禁果: apples from the Tree of Knowledge

Adam’s apple喉结

maternity [m??t?:n?ti:]

toil [t?il] in the field

walk on its belly [?beli]

1. Adam and Eve 勲肉加鸡蛋

2. as old as Adam 老掉牙

3. Bathing Beauty 出水芙蓉

not know somebody from Adam (have no idea who sb is)

4. Bone of my bone, Flesh of my flesh. 我和我的丈夫血肉相连.

Taiwan is bone of ma inlander’s bone; flesh of mainlander’s flesh.

5. Dust you are, back to dust you’ll return when you die.本为尘土,死后亦归为尘土.

五. 练习

Exercises

3. In seeking to establish the identity of the reconstructed statue, the archaeologists ______.

a. tried to determine which goddess it represented

b. pieced together the fragments they found

c. discovered that it was more modern than any of the other statues

d. wondered whether it belonged to the fifth or the fifteenth century

分析:

题意为”为确定这尊重塑之后的雕塑的身份,.....”

a. 试图确定它代表哪一位女神;

b. 将他们发现的碎片拼凑起来;

c. 发现它比其它雕像更摩登;

d. 搞不清楚它属于5世纪还是15世纪.

答案:a

5. The temple ___ used as a place of worship since Roman times.

a. was

b. had not been

c. had been

d. was not

分析:

“since Roman times”引起完成时;

该寺庙自古罗马时代起就不再是祭祀的场所了. 答案:b

6. They found ___ that the goddess turned out to be...

a. surprisingly

b. with surprise

c. to their surprise

d. a surprise

分析:

c. to one’s +感情名词,做结果状语

a. 使人惊奇地,而不是主语they令人惊奇地;

b. 应为in surprise;

d. 令人惊奇的事物

答案: c

5. The goddess ____ to be a very modern-looking woman.

a. appeared

b. proved

c. resolved

d. changed

分析:

b. prove to be 结构(证明是),可表达turn out to be 的意义

a. 似乎; c.解决; d.改变, 均不合题意.

6. But, _____ the archaeologists have been unable...

a. beforehand

b. until now

c. for a long time

d. at this distance

分析:

原文”so far”(至今),所以b.until now (至今,直到现在)是正确的;

a. 事先; c.在很长时间里; d.在此距离,均错误.

Supplementary exercises

1. By moving the radar beam around slowly in circles, we can _____ the surroundings.

a. explore

b. expose

c. exploit

d. expand

分析:

通过雷达波缓慢做圆周运动,我们就能探索到周围事物的情况.

a.探测,探索;

b.曝光;

c.剥削,利用;

d.膨胀,扩张.答案: a