灌砂法使用说明书(英文)

INSTRUCTION MANUAL FOR SAND-CONE METHOD DENSITY TEST (SAND-CONE METHOD)1.Purpose and Range of ApplicationThe test is applied to the foundation course (or subbase course) of field measurement, density and compactness of compacted layer of various materials in foundation earth layer of the sand-gravel surface road. It is also applied to the density and compactness of asphaltic surface treatment and asphalt-injected surfacing. But it’s not allowed to apply to the compactness of macroscopic void or macrovoid. It shall be in accordance with the following requirements:(1)When the maximum particle diameter of base material is less than 15 mm and thethickness of measured course is not exceed 150 mm, it’s prefer to use 100 mm in diameter small-sized sand-cone barrel to test.(2)When the maximum particle diameter of base material is equal to or greater than15 mm but less than 40 mm and the thickness of measured course is exceed 150mm but not exceed 200 mm，it shall use 150 mm in diameter macro-sized sand-cone barrel to test.2.Instruments and MaterialsSand-cone barrel, metal calibration can, base plate, sand (0.30~0.60mm or 0.25~0.50 mm in diameter of clean and dry uniform sand)20~40g.3.Method and Procedures(1)Demarcate the mass of sands in cone bottomed of the sand-cone barrel(2)Demarcate the unit mass of quantitative sands(3)Put the sand-cone barrel filled with quantitative sands (M5) on the circular hole ofbase plate, and turn on a switch of sand-cone barrel so as to not make the sands flow into the hollow space until the sands stop flowing. Then take sand-cone barrel down and weigh (M6) 1g sands accurately.(4)Weigh the quality (Mw) of all materials in experimental hole.(5)Take the typical sample out of all materials dug up, and test the moisture content(ω%). As the test used by small sand-cone barrel, fine grained soils shall not be light than 100g and medium grained soil shall not be light than 500g. As the test used by small sand-cone barrel, fine grained soils shall not be light than 200g and medium grained soil shall not be light than1000g, then weigh the quality of coarse-grained soil or inorganic binding stable material which shall not be light than 2000g.(6)Put the base plate on the experimental holeand sand-cone barrel shall be placed inthe middle of base plate. Turn on the switch of sand-cone barrel so as to not make the sands flow into the hollow space until the sands stop flowing. Weigh the quality of sands (M4) in the barrel.(7)If the rough part of cleaned flat surface is not large, it could omit the step 3. Whenthe experimental hole is finished, we put it on the experimental hole directly and don't need to add base plate. Turn on the switch of sand-cone barrel. Ultimately, weigh the quality(M4') of the rest sands.4.Calculation(1)the quality of sands used to fill the experimental hole:When put the base plate on the experimental hole as filling the sands,Mb=M1－M4-(M5-M6)When not put the base plate on the experimental hole as filling the sands,Mb=M1－M4'-M2Mb--the quality(g) of sands as filling the experimental holeM1--the quality(g) of sands in the barrel before filling the barrel.M2--the quality(g) of sands in the cone bottomed of the sand-cone barrel(2)Wet unit weight of the materials in the experimental hole:ρw=Mw*γs/MbMw--the quality(g) of all materials taken out of the experimental hole,ys--the unit quality(g/cm^)of sands(3) Dry density (ρd)of the materials in the experimental hole:ρd=ρw/(1+0.01ω)ω--the moisture content of the materials in the experimental holeWhen the material in the experimental hole is the inorganic binding stable material, 5.The dry density shall be corrected to 0.1g/cm^3Relative density: procedures(1)Take one sample into clean enamelled plate, add water into it. The water surface shall be higher than sample 2 cm. Stir the soil sample carefully so as to expel bubble from soil sample.(2)Hold the basket by lifting hook of the balance and immerse it into overflow launder. Then don't inject water in the overflow launder until the water surface reach the height of the overflow hole. Calibrate balance to zero graduation.(3)Adjust the water temperature between 15℃－25℃. Shift the sample into basket. Keep the water surface of overflow launder by overflow hole. Weigh the water-in quality of sands(mw).(4)Lift the basket and then drain the water slightly. Pour the sample into low-cut enamelled plate, or pour the soil sample into wrung-out wet towel directly.(5)As kept in dry surface, weigh the quality(mf) of dry surface of sample in negative temperature immediately.(6)Put the sample on the low-cut plate and then place them into the baking chamber set 105℃±5℃to dry in constant weight. Take out the low-cut plate and put it into container with cover to cool at room temperature. Weigh the dry quality of soil sample.(7)Test on same standard soil sample twice in parallel way. Use the average value as the result.ⅰγb=ma/(mf-mw)γb－relative density of bulk volume of the soil samplemf－the surface dry quality of the samplemw－the water-in quality of the samplema－the oven dry quality of the sampleρb=γb*ρT or ρb=(γb－αT)*ρwρb－the density (g/cm^3)of bulk volume of the soil sampleρT －the water density at the experimental temperature TαT －the coefficient for temperature correction at the experimental temperature TⅱGrain grouping and engineering classification of soilKnow:granularity, material composition and its presentation;Stokes Lawthe size of soil grain is called granularitythe material composition of soil is the relative quality of all kinds of different grain group(present by percentage of the dry soil quality ). It can be used to describe the distribution character of different diameter of grain. Presentation in following method : schedule method, summation curve method, triangular coordinate method Similar:grading index of soil grain, Cu Cc; size of grain and grain grouping nonconformity coefficient Cu=d10/d60coefficient of curvature (or called grading coefficient) Cc=d302/d10×d60 Master:classification and naming of soil engineering(current Test Specifications of Highway and Construction); assaying of grain(1)Highway Bridge Groundwork and Basic DesignSpecifications (JTJ024-85)Basic design Specifications of construction groundwork (GB-500007-2002)Engineering classification from S pecifications of Geotechnical Engineering Investigation(GB-50021-2001)(2) Soil sorts in roadbed foundation from Design Specifications of Highway and Groundwork(JTJ 013-95)(3) Engineering classification of soil from Test Specifications of Construction(SL 237-1999) of the Ministry of Water Resources and Power(4) Engineering classification of soil from Test Specifications of Highway and Construction(JTJ 051-93)Current engineering classification of soil from Test Specifications of Highway and Construction("classification" for short) is suitable to identification, naming and description of soil for highway construction so as to proceed the qualitative evaluation of soil; soil Classification shall be in accordance with soil grain characteristic, soil plasticity index including limit of liquid and plastic and situation of organic matter in soil; the "classification" shall be confirm each grain content according to sieving method(T 0115-93); it confirms the limit of liquid and plastic by liquid-plastic limit combined method(T 0118-93); the situation of organic matter shall be distinguished in accordance with the Specification2.4.8.。