9 汉英词类转换法
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词类转换译法
英语中许多名词, 动词含义灵活, 翻译时需要从其基本 意义出发, 联系上下文加以灵活处理。
通常情况下, 由动词派生的名词和具有动作意义或含 有动作意味的名词往往可以转译成汉语动词; 由形容 词派生的名词和一些加不定冠词作表语用的名词往往 可以转译成形容词。有些意义抽象的名词或名词短语 与句子其他成分之间存在一定的逻辑关系时, 可以根 据其意义转译成汉语副词或相应的状语成分。
give no evidence of 不足以说明 keep watch over 密切注视 have an effect on 影响 put on an imitation 模仿
2. prep. + objective + prep. in answer to 响应
on account of 基于…的原因 in proportion to 与…成比例 He has already made mention of the matter in
那天交好运的渔夫们都已回来 。
What film will be on this evening?
今晚放映什么影片？
That book will be out pretty soon.
那本书不久就要出版了。
In those years the republicans were in.
那些年是共和党执政。
Up the street they went, past stores, across a broad square, and then entered a huge building.
他们沿着大街走去, 经过许多商店, 穿过一 个大广场, 然后进入了一座大厦.
3 形容词转译成动词
英语中表示知觉、情欲、欲望等心理状 态的形容词，在系动词后作表语用时， 往往可转译成动词。如：confident, certain, careful, cautious, angry, sure, ignorant, afraid, doubtful, aware, concerned, glad, delighted, sorry, ashamed, thankful, anxious，grateful, able, content, suspicious, resentful等。
词类转译法
词类转译法（转译为动词） 词类转译法（转译为动词）
…Tom looked his good-bye at the Tom goodgarden. garden 汤姆看了看园子，跟它告别。 He cast a disdainful glance at the prisoner. 他轻蔑地瞄了一眼那个囚犯。 She gives me a joyous grin. 她开心地对我笑了笑。
词类转译法（转译为动词） 词类转译法（转译为动词）
Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life. 不敢肯定… Saud was a frustrated man at that time. 沙德那时已受挫折。 I was grateful to John for bringing the books. 非常感谢约翰… The student is not content with his progress.
词类转译法（转译为动词） 词类转译法（转译为动词）
… believed,a successful ban of the trade in opium must be preceded by the destruction of the drug itself. …认为，要成功禁止鸦片买卖，必须得先 把鸦片销毁。 Deng Xiaoping at the 11th Party Congress said,there must be less empty talk and more hard work. 邓小平在“十一大”上说，必须要少说 邓小平在“十一大”上说，必须要少说空 工作。 话，多做工作。
翻译理论与实践
词类转译法 conversion
英汉翻译词性转换 ppt课件
• He is a good listener and we all love to talk with him.
• 他善于倾听，我们都爱和他谈话。
• He is a chain-smoker.
• 他抽起烟来一支接一支。
ppt课件
12
名词转化为汉语动词
• A slight variation from the exact size is always allowed.
• They worked long hours on meager food by dim lamps.
• 他们吃的是简陋的饮食，靠微弱的灯光，长时间地工作。
• “Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, across the veranda and into the porch.
• 不自由，毋宁死。
• 源于苏格兰裔美国人巴德里克·亨利1775年3月23日于殖民地维吉尼 亚议会演讲中的最后一句。
• 帕特里克·亨利 (Patrick Henry,1736～1799)，美国独立战争时期著 名政治家和演说家，曾任弗吉尼亚州议员等职。
ppt课件
8
名词转化为汉语动词
• His imitation of the singer is perfect.
• 乘飞机去那儿只需要几小时，坐船却要好几天呢。
• The letter E is commonly used for electromotive force.
• 字母E常用来表示电动势。
ppt课件
16
介词转化为汉语动词
• Mathematics as a language of science.
• 他善于倾听，我们都爱和他谈话。
• He is a chain-smoker.
• 他抽起烟来一支接一支。
ppt课件
12
名词转化为汉语动词
• A slight variation from the exact size is always allowed.
• They worked long hours on meager food by dim lamps.
• 他们吃的是简陋的饮食，靠微弱的灯光，长时间地工作。
• “Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, across the veranda and into the porch.
• 不自由，毋宁死。
• 源于苏格兰裔美国人巴德里克·亨利1775年3月23日于殖民地维吉尼 亚议会演讲中的最后一句。
• 帕特里克·亨利 (Patrick Henry,1736～1799)，美国独立战争时期著 名政治家和演说家，曾任弗吉尼亚州议员等职。
ppt课件
8
名词转化为汉语动词
• His imitation of the singer is perfect.
• 乘飞机去那儿只需要几小时，坐船却要好几天呢。
• The letter E is commonly used for electromotive force.
• 字母E常用来表示电动势。
ppt课件
16
介词转化为汉语动词
• Mathematics as a language of science.
英汉翻译词性转换
介词转化为汉语动词
• Mathematics as a language of science. • 数学是科学的语言。（谓语动词） • As soon as the supply reverses, the voltage across the thyristor will become positive, turning it on. • 只要电源一反向，加在可控硅上的电压就变为正，从而 使其导电。 • I barreled straight ahead, across the harbor and over the sea. • 我笔直向前高速飞行，越过港口，飞临海面。
形容词转化为汉语动词
• I am suspicious of that woman-I think she may have stolen something from the shop. • 我很怀疑那位妇女，我想她可能偷了商店的东西。 • Generally speaking, neither gold nor stone are soluble in water. • 一般来说，金子和石头都是不能在水中溶解的。
名词转化为汉语动词
• A slight variation from the exact size is always allowed. • 少许偏离准确尺寸还是可以允许的。 • The return to earth, for example, is always a big problem. • 举例来说，返回地球就总是个大问题。 • What has scientific progress left to science fiction? • 科学发展了，给科幻小说留下的是什么呢？
名词转化为汉语动词
翻译的词性转换技
All the students should develop morally, intellectually and physicall y. (名词转副词)
转译成动词
1. Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 2. In China, there is a lot of emphasis on politeness. 3. A careful study of the original text will give you a better translation. 4. The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing. 5. He is a good singer. 6. Those small factories are also lavish consumer and waster of raw materials.
7. You must be tired. Why don’t you take a rest? 8. I am anxious about his health. 9. Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life. 10. Scientists are confident that all matter is indestructible. 11. She opened the window to let fresh air in. 12. After careful investigation they found the design behind.
转译成动词
1. Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 2. In China, there is a lot of emphasis on politeness. 3. A careful study of the original text will give you a better translation. 4. The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing. 5. He is a good singer. 6. Those small factories are also lavish consumer and waster of raw materials.
7. You must be tired. Why don’t you take a rest? 8. I am anxious about his health. 9. Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life. 10. Scientists are confident that all matter is indestructible. 11. She opened the window to let fresh air in. 12. After careful investigation they found the design behind.
汉英翻译课件之_汉英翻译之词类转换
• 6 决丌允许违反这 个原则。
6 No violation of this principle can be tolerated. 7 The turning point of my • 7 我的生活转折点 life was my decision to 是我决定：丌再做 give up promising 生财有望的商人而 business career and 专攻音乐。 study music. 8 His arrival at this • 8 他得出这一结论 conclusion was the 是深思熟虑的结果。 result of much thought.
• • • • •
3 汉语动词转化为英语介词或介词词组： 与汉语相比，英语介词较多，往往具有动词特征； 介词词组往往可以用来英译一些汉语连动式结构！ 那男孩肩上扛着枪在装士兵。 With a rifle across his shoulder the boy was playing the soldier. • 他们吃的是简陋的饭菜，住的是寒冷的洞穴，在 昏暗的灯光下长时间地工作。 • They worked long hours on meager food, in cold caves, by dim lamps.
• 任何人丌能违背各国人民的利益去人为地挑起紧 张态势，甚至制造武力冲突。 • Nobody should be allowed to cause tension or armed conflicts against the interest of the people. • 他们向西走去，沿着马路，越过一座桥，爬下山 岗又爬上去，经过很多村庄，然后突然停下了。 • They walked westward, along the road,across a bridge,down a hill and up again,by（past）many villages,then suddenly stoped.
词类转换翻译法-推荐下载
词类转换翻译法在英译汉的过程中，有些句子可以逐词对译，有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达式不同，就不能逐词对译。
原文中有些词在译文中需要转换词类，才能使汉语译文通顺自然。
一、名词的转译1.英语名词转译成动词由动词派生的名词，具有动词意思的名词，以结尾表示身份或职业的名词等，这些名词都可以转译成动词。
【例1】The remembrance of these will add zest to his life.×对于这些事情的回想将会增添他生活的乐趣。
【译文】回想起这些事情，会给他的生活增添乐趣。
【例2】He looked on the Convention as a fair and faithful representation of the people.×他认为这次大会是人民的公正忠实的代表。
【译文】他认为这次大会公正忠实地代表了人民。
【例3】Other governmental activities are the responsibilities of the individual states, which have their own constitutions and laws.×其他政府活动则是各个州的责任，各州都有自己的宪法和法律。
【译文】其他政府职能则由各个州来承担，各州都有自己的宪法和法律。
【例4】The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.【译文】看到我们的喷气式飞机，听到隆隆的机声，我感到特别神往。
【例5】To my knowledge, some computers have gone missing.【译文】据我所知，有几台计算机失踪了。
【例6】He was a good listener and they would like to talk with him.×他是个好听众，所以他们喜欢同他谈话。
英汉翻译中词性转换的技巧
In science, it is important to state a law or a principle accurately. 在科学方面定律或定理的准确叙述十分重 要。 With slight repairs, the machine could be in motion. 只要称加修理，这台机器便可以运转。 From the front, back and both sides we kept a strict watch on the enemy. 我们在前后左右严密地监视敌人。
Exercise
Difference between the social system of states shall not be an obstacle to their approach and cooperation.
国与国社会制度的不同应妨碍彼此的接近与合 作。 It is our goal that the people in the undeveloped areas will be finally off poverty. 我们的目标是使不发达地区的人民最终摆脱贫 困。
英汉翻译中词性转换的技巧
由于英汉两种语言在语法和表达方式 等方面存在着许多差异，因此英译汉 时常常有必要改变表达方式，使译文 通顺流畅、地道可读。这种变通技巧 就是转换法(shift of perspective)。转 换的形式多种多样，大体可分为7种： ①词类转换，②句子成分转换，③表 达方式转换，④自然语序与倒装语序 转换；⑤正面表达与反面表达转换， ⑥主动式与ey had a dozen children, six boys and six girls, in seventeen years. 在17年中，他们生了12个孩子，6男6女。 (5) She has been a widow only for six months. 她丈夫死了至今才不过半年。 （原文是从妻子的角度加以陈述的，而译文是从 丈夫的角度加以陈述的。如果不改变表达方式， 而搬用原来的表达方式，那译文就是："她只当了 6个月的寡妇。"这就会给人以错觉：她很快就改 嫁了。） (6) ──Is there a special rate by the month? ──Yes, there is a 10% discount. ──按月计算有什么优惠吗？ ──有，可以打9折。
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2. Verbs to be converted into Adjectives 1) 获息贵国遭受海啸，我们极为关切。 We are deeply concerned at the news that your country has been struck by a tsunami([su'nɑ:mi]). 2) 他们怀疑他是否能负担得起。 They are doubtful/suspicious whether he can afford it. (doubt/suspect+从句)
5) 并不是所有人都喜欢这个计划。 This program was not popular with all of the people. 6) 有人建议降低政府开支，提高教师工 资。 Someone suggested lower government spending and higher salary for teachers.
3) 他们不满足于现有的成就。 They are not content with their present achievements. 4) 我们相信，在两市的共同努力下，我 们两市的合作必定进一步发展。 We are convinced that with the joint efforts of our two cities, the friendly cooperation between us will be strengthened.
4. adj./adv. --n. 1) 这个问题至关重要。 This issue is of paramount/vital/pivotal importance. 2) 他试图以热情的款待把他的窘态遮盖过去。 He tried to cover up his embarrassment with the enthusiasm of his hospitality. 3) 街中的一切逐渐消逝在灰暗的暮色里。 Everything in the street was gradually disappearing/vanishing into a pall of gray.
7) 他们一不会做工，二不会种地，三不 会打仗。 They don’t even know a thing about factory work, nor about farm work, nor about military affairs. 8) 反对三峡工程的人说新形成的水库会 淹没许多城镇和乡村。 Opponents to the Three Gorges Dam argued that the new reservoir(['rezəvwɑ:]) would flood many cities and villages.
1. Verbs to be converted into Nouns. 1) 林则徐认为，要成功地制止鸦片买卖， 就得首先把鸦片销毁。 Lin Zexu believed that a successful ban of the trade in opium should be preceded by a destruction of the drug itself.
13) 这本书一问世立即受到人们，特别是大学生 的青睐，并多次再版。无须解释人们为什么这 么喜爱这本书，因为只要稍加浏览，就可以看 到书里反映了文明社会中对于友谊的看法。 This book enjoyed an immediate acceptance/popularity when published, especially among college students, and was reprinted many times. Its popularity needs no explanation, for a browse through it shows that it reflects the notions of civilized friendship.
3) 社会主义革命的目的是为了解放生产 力。 Socialist revolution aims at liberating/emancipating productivity/productive forces. 4) 水银的重量约为水重量的13倍。 Mercury weighs about thirteen times as much as water.
3. V. -- prep. (phrases) 1) 政府支持这个项目。 The government is behind/for this project. 2) 我们全体赞成他的建议。 We are all for/in favor of his suggestion.
3) 这种人闹什么东西呢？闹名誉，闹地 位，闹出风头。 What are these people after? They are after fame and position and want to be in the limelight/spotlight. 4) 政府正在开展一场反对铺张浪费的运 动。 The government is waging a campaign against waste and extravagance.
11) 坚持一个中国的原则，是实现和平统 一的基础和前提。 Adherence to the principle of One China is the basis and premise for peaceful reunification. (unify--reunify) 12) 他们的儿子令他们失望。 Their son has been a disappointment to them.
9) 了解过去有助于了解现在，了解现在 有助于预知未来。 An acquaintance of the past Байду номын сангаасs helpful to the acquaintance of the present, which is in turn helpful to the prediction of the future. 10) 工人们坚持取消旧的规定，建立新 的规章制度。 The workers insisted on the abolishment of old rules and the establishment of new regulations.
6) 中国人民百年以来不屈不挠、再接再 厉地英勇斗争，使得帝国主义至今不能 灭亡中国，也永远不能灭亡中国。 Thanks to the Chinese people’s unrelenting and heroic struggle during the last hundred years, imperialism has not been able to conquer/subjugate/disintegrate China, nor will it ever be able to do so.
9) 那个孩子半张着口坐在前排。 That child sat in the front row with his mouth half open. 10) 你熟悉这种晶体管放大器的性能吗？ Are you familiar with the performance of this type of transistor amplifier?
4) 采用这种新装置可以大大降低废品 率。 The adoption of this new device will greatly cut down/reduce the percentage of defective products. 5) 他在讲话中特别强调提高产品质量。 He laid special stress/emphasis on raising the quality of products in his speech.
6. Others
我们的教育方针，应该使受教育者在德育、 智育、体育几方面都得到发展，成为有社会 主义觉悟、有文化的劳动者。 Our educational policy must enable everyone who receives an education to develop morally, intellectually, physically and become a worker with both socialist consciousness and literacy. (n. – adv.)
7) 只有加强与世界的联系，中国才能继 续执行她的对外开放政策。 China’s policy of opening up to the world can only be continued by its closer ties with the world. 8) 他热爱科学研究，但对升职不感兴趣。 He is keen on scientific research, but indifferent to promotion.
2) 邓小平在“十一大”上说：“一定要 少说空话，多做工作”。 Deng Xiaoping said at the 11th Party Congress, ―There must be less empty talk and more hard work.‖ (v.--n.) 3) 绝对不许违反这个原则。 No violation of this principle can be tolerated. (v.—n.)
5) 孩子们都上同一个学堂。 The children are in the same school. 6) 我们对待世界大战这个问题的态度是： 第一，反对；第二，不怕。 Our attitude towards the World War is: first, we are against it; second, we are not afraid of it. 7) 他们不顾一切困难、挫折，坚持战斗。 They kept on fighting in spite of/despite all difficulties and setbacks.