杨岂深《英国文学选读Book 1》复习笔记(威廉 布莱克)【圣才出品】
杨岂深英国文学选读Book1笔记和考研真题详解
杨岂深英国⽂学选读Book1笔记和考研真题详解第1章 复习笔记第1单元 杰弗⾥·乔叟Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400)（杰弗⾥·乔叟）1. Life（⽣平）In 1340, Geoffrey Chaucer was born in London, a son of a wine merchant who had connectionswith the Court. He is the founder of English poetry.Chaucer was a royal butler and had several occasions to Belgium, France and Italy. Thus, French culture and Italy humanist literature represented by Dante, Pytlak and Bio had a great influence on him.He died in 1400 and was buried in Westminster Abbey, thus founding the “Poets’ Corner”.1340年，杰弗⾥·乔叟出⽣于伦敦，是⼀个与宫廷有联系的酒商的⼉⼦。
他是英语诗歌的创始者。
乔叟曾充任王室管家，数度出使⽐利时、法国和意⼤利。
乔叟早年受法国⽂学和以但丁、彼特拉克与薄伽丘为代表的意⼤利⼈⽂主义⽂学的影响。
乔叟逝于1400年，被葬在威斯敏斯特教堂，“诗⼈⾓”开始出现。
2. Main works（主要作品）Troilus and Criseyde (1380-1385)《特罗勒斯与克丽西德》The Canterbury Tales (1386-1400)《坎特伯雷故事集》3. Chaucer’ s Literary Career（⽂学⽣平）Chaucer’s literary career can be divided into three periods. The first period consists of works tra nslated from French, the second consists of works adapted from the Italian, as Troilus and Cris eyde. The third period includes The Canterbury Tales, which is purely English.乔叟的⽂学⽣平可划分为三个阶段。
英国文学史及选读复习提纲
英语专业《英国文学》复习要点教材名称：英国文学史主编：刘炳善出版社：上海外语教育出版社第一章古英语和中古英语时期1、古英语时期是指英国国家和英语语言的形成时期。
最早的文学形式是诗歌，以口头形式流传，主要的诗人是吟游诗人scop。
到基督教传入英国之后，一些诗歌才被记录下来。
这一时期最重要的文学作品是英国的民族史诗《贝奥武夫》，用头韵体写成。
2、古英语时期（1066—1500）从1066年诺曼人征服英国，到1500年前后伦敦方言发展成为公认的现代英语。
文学作品主要的形式有骑士传奇，民谣和诗歌。
在几组骑士传奇中，有关英国题材的是亚瑟王和他的圆桌骑士的冒险故事，其中《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》代表了骑士传奇的最高成就。
中世纪文学中涌现了大量的优秀民谣，最具代表性的是收录在一起的唱咏绿林英雄罗宾汉的民谣。
3、最重要的诗人是被称为“英国诗歌之父”的乔叟，代表作是《坎特伯雷故事集》，取得了很高的艺术成就。
他首创了诗歌的双韵体----每两行压韵的五步抑扬格，后被许多英国诗人采用。
乔叟用伦敦方言写作，奠定了用英语语言进行文学创作的基础，促进了英语语言文学的发展。
第二章文艺复兴时期1. 文艺复兴运动源于14世纪的意大利，后遍及欧洲各国，在英国兴起较晚。
“文艺复兴”一词原意是指古希腊，罗马文学艺术的复苏，但事实上决不是简单的对古希腊罗马文学艺术的学习模仿。
文艺复兴运动的核心思想是人文主义思想，表现为尊重人的尊严和力量，关注现世生活，鼓励人们对幸福生活的追求。
代表的是新兴资产阶级反封建，反教会的思想和要求。
文艺复兴运动的思想家，人文主义者是托马斯·莫尔（Thomas More），他的作品《乌托邦》描绘了一个理想的未来社会，他因此被认为是空想社会主义的先驱。
2. 文艺复兴时期的英国文学得到了空前的发展，在诗歌，散文和戏剧方面尤其兴盛。
诗歌方面，新的诗体形式如十四行诗，无韵体诗被介绍到英国。
莎士比亚除了戏剧创作之外也是一位伟大诗人，著有两部叙事诗，两部长诗和154首十四行诗。
英国文学史及选读1,2册复习大纲
英国文学史及选读1,2册复习大纲Part 1 The Anglo―Saxon Period（449-1066）秧格鲁-撒克逊时期1.H istorical BackgroundCelts 400B.C. Romans 50B.C. Anglo―Saxons 450A.D Norman Invasion 1066A.D. Roman empire从albion撤军，teutonic tribes(包括angles, Saxons,jutes)（条顿人or日耳曼人）陆续登陆此地2. Literature 1,pagan异教徒文学2 christian基督徒文学alliterative verse头韵诗Epic: Beowulf贝奥武甫（Denmark背景）（the hall heorot 鹿兀grendel:a monster half-human）1) Oral origin, recited in court, handed down in generations until finally it was recorded by certain poet.上下部分由pagan写，插入由christian写2) a mixture of history and legend.，england’s national epic 民国史诗Part II The Anglo-Norman Period(1066-1350)秧格鲁-诺曼时期11.H istorical BackgroundRoman conquest,接着是english conquest，最后是normanconquest。
The Norman Conquest in 1066Duke William of Normandy claimed himself William I, King of England.（the battle of hastings希斯廷战役）Kings―Barons男爵―Knights, a feudal system of hierarchy统治集团was formed2.T he languageUpper classes: French, Latin The mon people: Old EnglishThree languages co-existed in England. French became the official language used by the king and the Norman lords; Latin became the principal tongue of church affairs and in universities; and Old English was spoken only by the mon English people.3.The literatureRomance was a type of literature that was very popular2in the Middle Ages. It is about the life and adventures undertaken by a knight.It reflected the spirit of chivalry骑士制度. The content of romance: love, chivalry and religion. It involves fighting, adventures.Subject matter:Geoffrey’s His tory杰弗里《史记》，riming chronicles押韵编年史，metricalverse格律诗体，doggerel verse打油诗体1)t he Matter of France eg. Charlemagne and his peers查理曼大帝和他的骑士2)M atter of Greece and Rome eg Akexabder亚历山大大帝3)M atter of Britain tales having for their heroes Arthurand his knights of the Round Table3.m ain literatureSir Gawain and the green knight.高文爵士和绿衣骑士（arthur，gawain,green knight, morgain the fay-woman3妖精摩根, the green girdle绿腰带）Part III Geoffrey Chaucer (1340―1400)杰弗里.乔叟时期1.H istorical BackgroundHe was living at the same time as the writer of Sir Gawain. In 1350 AD, 100 Years' War between England and France.The English won, they controlled large French territory领土. The Henry VI lost it all. He is father of English poetry War of the Roses 1455-1485 AD2.W hat's middle ages like?1). The medieval society: hierarchy 等级制度social system.2). Another important thing in the medieval society is Christianity基督God-centered thinking, mind ideology 思想体系3.L ife and work of ChaucerChaucer lived between (1340-1400). His life is closely41. French 1360-1370 translate French poetry2. Italian 1372-13863.English The Canterbury tales4.The Canterbury talesHe got his stories from various sources, Greek authors, Roman authors, Italian, French, but there is no doubt about Chaucer's originality. He retells the stories in his own way.5The stories are told by a group of people on their way to and back from Canterbury. Pilgrims 朝圣者tell stories to pass the time. The journey is used as a kind of device to unite the various tales Nun修女:Her enthusiasm for grace, trying to e someone that she is not, she cannot possibly be. --Pretentiousness, pretending伪装too much Chaucer has different attitude to different characters第一句：as soon as april pierces to the root, the drought of march, and bathes each bud and shootThe significance of his writing1)it gives a prehensive广泛的picture of Chaucer’s time2)the dramatic structure3)Chaucer’s humor4)Chaucer’s contribution to the English language. Ever since the Norman Conquest the French language was the language at the court and the upper classes, and Latin was the language of the learned and the church. Chaucer6used the native language English and proved that the English language is a beautiful language. He increased the prestige 威信of the English language.5.Popular ballads大众民谣A ballad is a narrative叙述poem that tells a story. It is about particular incidents, usually dramatic. Ballets tell stories-about tragic悲剧的incidents. They are written in a special musical pattern, ballad meter-four meters, couplets（相连并押韵的两行诗）―two line in a unit or quatrain 四行诗__ ababcdcd Characteristics:1)The beginning is often abrupt突然地. No introductionof the characters and the background of the tale2)There are strong dramatic elements. A ballad deals witha single episode插曲3)the story is often told through dialogue and action4)the theme is often tragic悲剧的5)The ballad meter is used. It contains four-line stanza7节，段在英国把民谣当文学形式研究的第一人是托马斯.帕西主教Bishop Thomas Percy,他将民谣收录到《英诗辑古》Reliques of Ancient English Poetry中。
杨岂深《英国文学选读Book 3》笔记(威斯坦 休 奥登)【圣才出品】
第14单元威斯坦•休•奥登Wystan Hugh Auden (1907-1973) （威斯坦·休·奥登）1. Life（生平）Auden was a poet, born in a well-off family in Yorkshire. In the late 30s, Auden participated in political and social activities and also was engaged in creation. Auden was in favor of Marxism in his early years, but also believed in the theory of Freud. In 1938, he and Isherwood visited China and in the next year they moved to America. In 1940, Auden converted to Christianity and in 1946, he took American nationality. He worked as a teacher in many universities in America and was selected as poetry teacher in Oxford. He died in Vienna.奥登，诗人。
出身于约克郡一小康人家，30年代后期投身政治和社会活动，同时从事创作。
奥登早年赞成马克思主义，但又相信弗洛依德学说。
1938年和衣修午德一起访华，次年移居美国，l940年皈依基督教，1946年加入美国籍。
他曾在美国多所大学执教，并被选为牛津大学诗学教授。
病卒于维也纳。
2. Major Works（主要作品）The Orators 《雄辩家》Spain 《西班牙》About the House 《屋子内外》3. Selected Works（选读作品）◆Who’s Who《名人志》The hero of this poem experienced many hardships and finally succeeded. But he didn’t care about richness but missed his family. The first half of the poem described the process of the poet’s success. The second half imagined the daily life of his wife, indirectly expressing his respect to the good behavior of his wife. This poem uses simple language to reveal a common truth: a celebrity can be an ordinary person, too.诗中的主人公经过许多含辛茹苦的搏斗，终于干出了一番业绩。
王守仁《英国文学选读》(第2版)笔记和课后习题详解(杰弗里 乔叟)【圣才出品】
第1单元杰弗里•乔叟1.1 复习笔记Geoffrey Chaucer （杰弗里·乔叟）（1340-1400）1. Life （生平）Geoffrey Chaucer, born in 1343 in London, is the founder of English poetry. He was the son of a wine merchant who had connections with the Court. He later became a courtier and comptroller.Chaucer’s learning was wide in scope. He obtained a good knowledge of Latin, French and Italian. He had broad and intimate acquaintance with persons high and low in all walks of life, and knew well the whole life of his time, which left great impressions upon his works and particularly upon his variegated depiction of the English society of his time.He died in 1400 and was buried in Westminster Abbey, thus founding the Poets’ Corner.杰弗里·乔叟于1343年出生于伦敦，他是英语诗歌之父。
他是一个与宫廷有联系的酒商的儿子。
他后来担任过侍臣和审计官。
乔叟知识渊博。
他精通拉丁语、法语和意大利语。
他结交广泛且易与人深交，无论是贵族还是贫民,因此他深谙所处世事。
王守仁《英国文学选读》笔记和课后习题详解(6-10章)【圣才出品】
第6单元浪漫主义诗人(1)6.1复习笔记William Blake(1757-1827)(威廉·布莱克)1.Life(生平)William Blake,born on28November1757,was the son of a London haberdasher.The boy never went to school apart from learning to read and write. He only entered a drawing school and later studied for a time at the Royal Academy of Arts.From14,he apprenticed for seven years to a well-known engraver,read widely in his free time and began to try his hand at poetry.In1800,Blake moved to Felpham,under the patronage of William Hayley whose intention to conventionalize him caused his hatred.In1803,Blake was framed of sedition,but later was acquitted.In1827,Blake died in obscurity and poverty.Though generally dismissed as an eccentric during his lifetime,posterity rediscovered Blake and today he is highly rated both as a poet and artist.威廉·布莱克生于1757年11月28日，是伦敦一杂货商之子。
杨岂深《英国文学选读Book 3》笔记(克里斯托弗 衣修午德)【圣才出品】
第9单元克里斯托弗•衣修午德Christopher Isherwood (l904- ) （克里斯托弗·衣修午德）1. Life（生平）Christopher Isherwood was an English novelist. He was born in Cheshire county, England and his father was an officer. Isherwood studied at Christ college, Cambridge and London Imperial College. Then, he was an English teacher as well as a writer. In 1928, he published his first novel All the Conspirators. His earlier novels mainly describe young people fighting against traditional customs and pursuing individual freedom. In 1946, Isherwood joined the U.S. citizenship. In addition to novels, Isherwood also had travel notes, reviews and some scripts jointly with Auden.克里斯托弗·衣修午德，英国小说家。
他出生于英格兰的切希尔郡，父亲是个军官。
衣修午德曾先后求学于剑桥大学基督学院和伦敦帝王学院，而后，一面教授英语，一面进行写作，l928年发表了第一部小说《所有的阴谋者》。
他的早期小说多以描写青年人反抗传统习俗、追求个性自由为主题。
1946年衣修午德加入美国国籍。
除小说外，衣修午德还著有游记、评论文，并与奥登等人合作过一些剧本。
（完整word版）英国文学选读复习资料
（完整word版）英国文学选读复习资料Part I The Middle AgeChapter 1 the Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)1. Beowulf（贝奥武甫）: England’s national epic.（第一部民族史诗）2. artistic feature: ① using alliteration② using metaphor and understatementChapter 3 Geoffrey Chaucer (ca1343-1400)1.Geoffrey Chaucer is the father of English poetry and one of the most greatest narrative（叙事）poets of England.2.首创双韵体. tonico-syllabic verse. 运用London dialect.3. writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.4.代表作：The Canterbury Tales-----In this book, Chaucer created a strikingly brilliant and picturesque panorama of his time and his country. In this poem Chaucer’s realism, trenchant irony and freedom of views reached such a high level of power that it had no equal in all the English literature up to the 16th century. But Chaucer was not entirely devoid of medieval prejudices. [乔叟为他那个时代和国家勾勒出一幅生机勃勃而又充满诗情画意的社会百态图。