2015年北京外国语大学高级翻译学院英汉互译(同声传译)考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

2015年北京外国语大学高级翻译学院英汉互译（同声传译）考研真题及详解一、将下列段落译为汉语（25分）“Millions of people belonging to national, ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities are trapped in a cycle of discrimination, exclusion, poverty and underdevelopment from which they cannot break free without targeted attention being given to their situations,” a UN Independent Expert on minority issues stated during the presentation of her latest report to the Human Rights Council in Geneva.“Disadvantaged minorities should be among the first targets of development strategies, yet too often they have been among the last,” she insisted, challenging States and development actors to do more to ensure that the new post-2015 development goals and strategies respond to the situation of the most deprived minorities.Her report singles out lack of attention to the situation of minorities as one of the most serious deficiencies of the Millennium Development Goals, a set of targets agreed by world leaders at the start of the new century to drastically diminish the number of people affected by a raft of poverty, health and development challenges by 2015. “The rise of inequality has severely undermined the achievements in many Stat es,” she warned. “Future development goals must include dedicated attention to minorities to contribute to closing the inequality gap. ”【参考译文】“数百万名在民族、族裔、宗教和语言上属于少数群体的人民深陷歧视、排斥、贫穷和落后的循环中，如果不对此加以重视，他们将无法摆脱这一困境，”一位研究少数群体问题的联合国独立专家最近在日内瓦人权理事会上做报告时提到这点。

“处于不利地位的少数群体应该成为发展战略的首要目标，但他们往往排在最后，”她坚持己见，以此促使各国及发展工作者来采取更多措施，从而2015年后的发展目标和战略能使最为贫穷的少数群体处境有所改善。

她在报告中指明，对少数群体的状况缺乏关注是千年发展目标的最严重缺陷之一。

世界各国领导人在新世纪伊始共同制定了这套千年发展目标，要在2015年之前大幅减少受贫困、卫生和发展挑战影响的人数。

“不平等现象的增加让许多国家的成就黯然失色，”她警告说。

“未来的发展目标必须包括对少数群体的持续关注，以此来缩小不平等差距。

”二、将下列短文译为汉语（50分）Rapidly declining fertility—especially if rates go very low—does pose challenges. Yet it also can provide substantial benefits that have received less attention.First, fertility decline is associated nearly everywhere with greater rights and opportunities for women. The deferral of marriage and the reduction of births to two, one or none across so much of the world—and, again, in countries that are still far from rich—are broadly consistent with the higher educational attainment and career aspirations of young women. It is no surprise that the hand-wringers over fertility decline are usually men.Second, the workforces of societies with low-to-moderate fertility rates often achieve higher levels of productivity than do higher fertility societies. This is one reason China’s economic growth far outstripped India’s from 1970 to 2010—a period when fertility declined rapidly in China, but did not decline as much in most of India. Although China, in the early stages of its economic rise, benefited by tapping into a large pool of rural migrants moving to low-wage manufacturing jobs in towns and cities, the country is clearly trying to move rapidly toward mass higher education, from which it anticipates rising productivity from a slower-growing, but higher-paid work force.Third, by enhancing the employment and career experiences of young adults, lower fertility can also bring about greater social and political stability. High-fertility societies commonly produce large numbers of young adults who have trouble finding productive employment—many experts have attributed everything from terrorism to the Arab Spring to this “youthquake” of disaffected young adults in the Middle East and North Africa.Finally, lower fertility rates may gradually reduce the incentives that have led a surprisingly large number of governments to encourage the emigration of their own young citizens, both to find work and send home hard-currency savings, as well as to remove them from potential political activism at home.【参考译文】生育率迅速下降——尤其是如果生育率降到非常低——确实会构成挑战。

然而，它也可以带来实实在在的好处，尽管人们不经常注意到这些好处。

首先，生育率下降意味着妇女拥有更多的权利和机会，几乎在世界各地都是如此。

世界上很多国家都存在晚婚、生两个孩子、一个孩子或干脆不生孩子的现象，其中部分国家还远远谈不上富有，这在很大程度上与年轻女性追求更高的教育程度和职业抱负相一致。

如此，男性通常对生育率下降焦躁不安也就见怪不怪了。

第二，比起生育率水平比较高的社会，在生育率处于低或中等水平的社会中，劳动力的生产力水平往往更高。

这是1970年到2010年之间，中国经济增长远超印度的原因之一。

在这一时期，中国的生育率大幅下降，但印度大部分地区却没有达到这一下降幅度。

虽然在经济崛起早期，中国得益于大量农村人口涌进城镇，从事低薪的制造业工作，但它显然试图迅速实现大众高等教育，以此期望这些缓慢增长但薪酬较高的劳动力不断提高生产力。

第三，通过增加年轻人就业，并丰富其职业经验，低生育率也可以让社会和政治更加稳定。

高生育率社会通常会出现大量难以实现生产性就业的年轻人——许多专家将一切事件都归结于中东和北非地区叛逆不满的年轻人发起的“青年动乱”，从恐怖主义到阿拉伯之春。

最后，生育率降低可能会逐渐削弱政府鼓励本国年轻人移民的动机，尽管鼓励他们移民的政府数量大得惊人，这样既是为了找工作并将硬通货积蓄寄回国，也是为了让他们远离国内潜在的政治激进主义。

三、将下列段落译为英语(25分)中国在加强本国文化建设的同时，希望扩大自己对外的文化影响和“软实力”。

加强国家文化软实力，就是将本国、本民族的文化传统，同其他国家和民族分享。