非谓语动词讲义
非谓语动词讲义
在英语中,一个句子只能用一个谓语动词，除了用and 连接的两动词外,其它的两个动词一定要分清主次,从属等内在逻辑关系，所以就出现了非谓语动词。
同样都表示动作,但两者的性质,地位不同。
与谓语动词的动作对比,非谓语动词的地位是次要的,从属性质的。
顾名思义，非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词），即动词的非谓语形式。
非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的任何成分。
几下几例帮你理解谓语动词与非谓语动词的主次地位：1."为了健康,他天天喝牛奶。
""为了健康"是目的,是次要动作,“喝牛奶”才是唯一的谓语动词；To be healthier, he drinks milk every day.2."喝牛奶对他有好处,他爱喝牛奶"这两处的“喝牛奶”明显地不是具体的"喝",而是概括抽象的一件事。
“喝牛奶”在此处就近似地相当于名词“牛奶”.应用"Drinking milk"动名词来表示。
3,“我喝牛奶肚子痛。
”“喝牛奶”在此处虽然是具体动作,但它和"肚子痛"有内在逻辑关系,它表示的是原因,是从属地位,“肚子痛”才是主要的谓语动词。
可以用"Having drunk some milk, I have some trouble with my stomach."来表示。
也可以用从句“Since I have drunk some milk, I have some trouble with my stomach."4,“喝牛奶,人健康”,“喝牛奶”与“健康”有逻辑联系,它显然是条件,可以用"Drinking milk every day, one will get more healthy"来表示。
非谓语动词讲义
非谓语动词用法讲义第一部分: 非谓语动词用法详解一、不定式的用法1. 不定式的构成不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成，在某些情况下to也可省略。
不定式一般有时式和语态的变化，通常有下表中的几种形式（以do为例）：主动式被动式一般式 to do to be done完成式 to have done to have been done进行式 to be doing /完成进行式 to have been doing /1) 不定式的一般式不定式的一般式所表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。
如：They invited us to go there this summer. 他们邀请我们今年夏天去那儿。
He stood aside for me to pass. 他站到一边让我通过。
2) 不定式的完成式不定式的完成式所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，它在句中可作表语、状语、宾语，有时也可作主语、定语等。
如：She seemed to have heard about this matter. 她似乎已听说过这件事。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 我很抱歉让你等了这么久。
I meant to have told you about it, but I happened to have an important thing to do. 我本来想告诉你这件事的，但我碰巧有一件重要的事要做。
It has been an honor for me to have traveled so much in your country.对我来说，在你们国家旅行这么多地方是一件很荣幸的事情。
3) 不定式的进行式不定式的进行式表示正在进行的与谓语动词同时发生的动作。
它在句中可以用作除谓语以外的所有成分。
如：It’s nice of you to be helping us these days. 你真好，这些天一直帮我们。
非谓语动词使用讲义
1。 不定式和现在分词作结果状语的区别
不定式:出乎意料的结果
I woke up in the morning, to find the outside world greatly changed.
Please lend me a pen to write th。
②be+adj.+to do
The question is not easy to answer。
不定式与疑问代词连用时
School uniforms are not cool enough, so students don’t know what to expect.
To save time is to lengthen life. (不定式短语作主语）
You should continue to learn as long as you live。 要活到老学到老。(不定式短语作宾语)
She usually has a lot of meetings to attend in the evenings。 她晚上经常有很多会要开。（不定式短语作定语)
There be结构中不定式修饰主语时，主动式和被动式皆可。
如果不定式有逻辑主语，只用主动式.
There is nothing for me to do today。
4。只接不定式作宾语的动词：hope,want，offer，long，fail，expect,wish，ask,decide，pretend,manage，agree,afford，determine，promise，happen
非谓语动词讲义
非谓语动词1.非谓语动词除去不能做谓语之外，其他所有成分都可以做。
[思维导图]2.非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次这种动词形式不能做谓语。
非谓语动词除去不能做谓语之外，其他所有成分都可以做。
3.非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般式句子的主语。
4．（1）若提示词为动词，句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，就该填谓语动词，此时要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致，有时还需考虑虚拟语气。
（2）若提示词为动词，句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，就该填非谓语动词，就要确定是v.－ing形式，v.－ed形式，还是不定式。
一般来说，v.－ing 形式表示主动、进行；v.－ed形式表示被动、完成；不定式表示尚未发生的动作。
命题点一动词不定式不定式由“to＋动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to＋动词原形”。
不定式可以加宾语或状语构成不定式短语，它没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。
(一)不定式的用法1．作主语(1)不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语。
To see is to believe.眼见为实。
It is right to give up smoking.戒烟是正确的。
(2)在“It is/was＋adj.＋for/of sb. to do sth.”结构中，若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用of，此时形容词常为kind, nice, foolish等词，且sb.与形容词之间可构成逻辑上的系表关系；若形容词侧重于描写不定式动作的特征、特点，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用for。
It is generous of him to contribute so much.他捐献了这么多真是太慷慨了。
It was important for us to live a low-carbon life.过一种低碳生活对我们来说很重要。
2．作宾语(1)下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：我们一致同意在校门口见面。
非谓语动词讲义
非谓语动词1.非谓语动词的三种形式：动词不定式（to + V）；动名词（Ving）;分词（即：现在分词—ing分词和过去分词—ed分词）1.1 不定式的形式（以do为例）1.2Ving的形式（以do为例）注：--ing分词的形式与之相同1.3过去分词表示“完成和被动”，所以—ed分词没有一般式和完成式之分，和主动态和被动态之分。
1.4 –ing分词和—ed分词的区别–ing分词作定语时和所修饰的名词之间是主动关系或是表示正在进行；—ed分词而则表示被动和完成意义。
2.非谓语动词的应用范围3. 非谓语动词充当主语3.1 inf表示具体的某一次动作；Ving表示泛指。
4.非谓语动词充当宾语4.1 只能接不定式的词语（作宾语）：agree, ask, choose, decide, demand, except, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, promise, pretend，advise, refuse, persuade, count on, long for, wait for等4.2 只能接Ving的词语（作宾语）：admit, avoid, consider, enjoy, escape,deny, delay, resist, risk, mind, miss等4.3 跟两种不同形式表达不同意思的一些常见词4.4 省略不定式符号to的情况4.4.1.在情态成语之后（would rather; would sooner; would as soon;would just as soon; can’t help/choose but【不得不…】；had better等）4.4.2“使役动词+宾语”之后（let, make have）4.4.3.“感觉动词+宾语”之后（see , observe, notice, watch, look at;hear, listen to; feel）即“五看两听一感觉”4.4.4.在介词except/but之后它们之前有实意动词“do”的某种形式，其后不带“to”的定式，否则要带“to”的不定式。
高三英语语法讲义之非谓语动词
高三英语语法讲义——非谓语动词1．定义: 即非限定性动词，在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分。
2．有三种形式：动词不定式、分词和动名词。
一、动词不定式【要点点拨】动词不定式表现为两种形式：to do 或do，其否定形式为not to do. 不定式可以带宾语或者状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。
基本用法：1、作主语：To build the bridge needs much money.一般用It作形式主语放在句首，把不定式短语放于句末。
It is right to give up smoking.【2012．江西.单选】It’s very nice ___ you ___my parents your best wishes.A. of; sendingB. of; to sendC. for; to sendD. for; sending [答案] B. 句型It is adj. + of sb to do sth和It is adj. + for sb to do sth 的区别:前者一般用来表示人的性格，品德，所用的形容词一般表示主观感情或态度，如good，kind，nice，clever等；后者常用于表示事物的特征、特点，所用的形容词一般表示客观形式，如easy，hard，difficult，interesting等。
2、作宾语：The child pretended to be sleeping / asleep when I cameback home.注意：当不定式短语作宾语，还带有宾语补足语时，往往常用it 作形式宾语，把不定式宾语放于补语之后。
We think it is possible to finish the work in a week.补充：有些动词后只能用不定式作宾语。
如：decide，plan，desire，expect，hope，wish，pretend，promise，refuse，afford，agree，ask，fail，tend，manage等。
非谓语动词用法讲义
非谓语动词用法讲义非谓语动词是指在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式。
非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式、动名词和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词）。
非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化，但却有时态和语态的变化。
具体见下表：动词不定式动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to ＋动词原形”，其中to 是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词。
动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。
一、作主语：动词不定式作主语时，为了避免句子的头重脚轻，可以用“it”作形式主语，而把真正的主语（动词不定式）放在句子的后面。
E.g. To be a doctor is hard. → (It is hard to be a doctor.)To learn English well is not easy. → It is not easy to learn English well. To say is to believe.如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介词for 引导的短语，称为不定式的复合结构。
若形容词修饰的是人，则需要由介词of 引导短语。
It’s good for us to read E nglish aloud in the morning. It is very kind of you to help me with my English study.二、作表语：在形式上，位于系动词后的就是表语。
从含义上讲，表语是回答主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的语法成分，所以表语也可以视为是主语的补足语。
His work is to drive a car. 他的工作是开车。
To see is to believe.三、作宾语：动词不定式可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin, start, want, forget, remember, show, learn, like, hate, love, ask 等。
非谓语动词讲义
非谓语动词◆定义：非谓语动词，又叫非限定动词，非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括动词不定式（to do)、现在分词(doing)、过去分词(done)、动名词(doing)，即动词的非谓语形式。
非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。
◆不定式：表示目的和将来；动词的ing：表示主动和进行；过去分词：表示被动和完成。
（1）.动词不定式可担任主语，宾语，表语，宾补，定语，状语等。
（2.）动名词可担任主语，表语，宾语，定语等。
（3）.现在分词和过去分词可担任定语，表语，宾补，状语等。
◆非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否用非谓语形式。
方法：看看句子中是否已有谓语动词2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
3、判断主被动关系。
方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。
4、判断时间关系。
方法：分析句子，判断非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。
之前常用done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing.1. ___ anything about the accident, he went to work as usual.A. Don‟t knowB. not to knowC. not knowingD. not to be knowing2. The next morning she found the man __in bed, dead.A. lyingB. lieC. layying3. He had his leg __in the match yesterday.A. to breakB. brokenC. breakD. breaking4. Most of the people __ to the party were famous scientists.A. invitedB. to inviteC. being invitedD. inviting5. Do you know the boy ___under the tree?yB. lainC. layingD. lying6. ---Good morning. Can I help you?-----I …d like to have this package ___A. be weighedB. to be weighedC. to weighD. weighed7._____more attention, the trees could have grown better.A.GivenB.To giveC.GivingD. Having given8. The murderer was brought in, with his hand ___behind his back.A. being tiedB. having tiedC. to be tiedD. tied9. The secretary worked late into the night ,___a long speech for the president.A. to prepareB. preparingC. preparedD. was preparing10. S he‟s upstairs ____ a letter.A. writesB. is writingC. writeD. writing11. It was so cold that they kept the fire ___all night.A. to burnB. burnC. burningD. burned12. The speaker raised his voice but still couldn‟t make himself ___A. hearB. to hearC. hearingD. heard13. _______ a reply, he decided to write again.A.Not receivingB.Receiving notC.Not having receivedD.Having not received14. The salesman scolded the girl caught ___ and let her off.A. to have stolenB. to be stealingC. to stealD. stealing15. “C an‟t you read ?” she said ____to the notice.A. angrily pointingB. and point angrilyC. angrily pointedD. and angrily pointing16. The missing boys were seen ____near the river.A. playingB. to be playingC.playD. to play运用非谓语进行翻译1. 增加农民的收入是我们现在面临的主要问题之一。
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课题第一讲：非谓语动词专题讲解教学目标初步了解非谓语动词：a.动词不定式 b.动名词 c.分词( 现在分词过去分词) 明确非谓语动词解题步骤教学重点 a.动词不定式 b.动名词 c.分词( 现在分词过去分词),教学难点非谓语动词解题步骤教学方法讲练法教学过程一、知识回顾复习unit1 单词二、知识点梳理非谓语动词非谓语动词: a.动词不定式 b.动名词 c.分词( 现在分词过去分词)概述：1.谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词2.非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分非谓语动词使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。
She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.【动词不定式】一）．动词不定式的时态和被动形式动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。
不定式的形式有五种：1．一般式to do 例如：I like to read English.2．进行式to be doing 例如：He seemed to be reading something at that time.3．完成式to have done 例如：He seemed to have cleaned the room.4．被动式to be done 例如：The work is to be done soon.5．完成被动式to have been done例如：The boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday.二）. 动词不定式的用法I.作主语(1)不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。
To see is to believe．Not to get there in time is your fault.(2)注：常用it做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。
句型1：It + 谓语+ to do It takes us an hour _to__ get there by bus.句型2：It’s + n. + to do It’s our duty _to_ help the poor.It is a great enjoyment _to_ spend our holiday in the mountains.句型3：It is + adj + for sb to do sth（是形容事物的性质的）It is + adj + of sb to do sth（是形容人的品质的）It is easy for me to finish this work before ten.It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party.It is very kind of you to give me some help.It's impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.II.作宾语接不定式做宾语I want to know this matter.I don’t expect to meet you here(1)常见动词有：like, demand, expect, promise, begin, determine, refuse, offer, fail, manage, learn, seem, intend,forget, want, prepare, pretend, refuse, plan, afford, wish等They wanted _ _( get ) on the bus, didn’t the y? He said he wished ______( be ) a professor.(2)it作形式宾语I find/feel to work with him interesting ．I find/feel it interesting to work with him．Subject+ find/think/feel/make/ consider… it+adj/n + to do sth.1.We thought ___ better ___ start early.2.Do you consider ___ better not __ go?3. I feel __ my duty __ change all that.4.We think _ important _ obey the law.5.I know _ impossible _ finish so much homework in a day.(3)常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词:tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain, know, discover,He taught us how to use the tool. No one could tell me where to get the book.I haven't decided whether to go or stay.下列词接动名词和不定式均可，但意义不同的动词：stop to do 停下来去做stop doing 停止做forget to do 忘记要做forget doing 忘记做过remember to do 记得要做remember doing 记得做过regret to do 遗憾要做regret doing 后悔做过try to do 企图做，尽力做try doing 试着做go on to do 继续做（另一件事）go on doing 继续做（同一件事）mean to do 打算做mean doing 意味做In some parts of London, missing a bus means ______ for another hour.A waitingB to waitingC waitD to be waitingBoys, don't forget _____ the windows before you leave the classroom.A. closingB. closedC. to closingD. to closeShe reached the top of the hill and stopped ______ on a big rock.A. to have restedB. restingC. to restD. restRemember _______ the lights when you leave the office.A. to turn offB. turning offC. turn offD. to turning off(4)在cannot but, cannot choose/help but 之后接不带to的不定式I have no choice but _______.（wait）“前有do,后无to”I can’t do anything but ______ (go )out with her.III.作宾语补足语1. I’ll get someone ___ repair the recorder for you.2. What caused him ___ change his mind?advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, expect, encourage, force, get, hate, invite , order, wish , want, warn, remind, promise, permit, persuade, request+sb. to do注意：（1）在动词feel （一感），hear, listen to（二听），have, let, make（三让），notice, see, watch, observe, look at（五看）(即：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。
如：They saw the boy fall off the tree.The boy was seen to fall off the tree.(2)help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.I often help him （to）clean the room. I helped him (to) find his things.He is often heard ________(sing) the song.Though he often made his deskmate _____(cry), today he was made ____(cry) by his deskmate.IV．作定语I have something to tell you. (不定式作定语)1)不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系Do you have anything to wash today?2)不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容I have no chance to go there.3)被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语She is always the last to leave the room.4)不定式为不及物动词且和所修饰的名词是动宾关系时，须加介词1.The house is not big enough for us all______.A. to live inB. to be lived inC. to liveD. for living in2. Would you please pass me the knife _______?A. to cut the fruit withB. to cut the fruitC. cutting the fruitD. cutting the fruit with3.I have something important to say. Please find a piece of paper （写上）4.Excuse me，could I use your pen for a moment？I have no pen （写）V.作状语不定式作状语可以表示目的、原因、结果。