专题五非谓语动词(全国卷)
[全]高考英语语法专题 非谓语动词
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高考英语语法专题非谓语动词[语境中体悟用法]朗读下面短文，体会、领悟加黑部分是哪类非谓语动词，在句中作什么成分。
Good afternoon, Ladies and Gentlemen. It is a great honor for me to introduce①this English speech contest. As we all know, to master②a foreign language is very important for us. Taking part in③an English speech contest is a helpful way to learn④English. Everyone wants to show⑤their best. When we have been preparing for it, we can improve our listening and speaking⑥ability, developing⑦a good habit of learning⑧English.In the process of the competition, you should pay attention to the rules made⑨by us. First, you should make yourvoice heard⑩clearly by everyone, so reading aloud⑪is very necessary. Second, you should try your best to express⑫yourself in English fluently. Finally, you should finish your speech in five minutes.I am sure the English speech competition will be a great success and the audience will feel satisfied⑬with our performance. Thank you![用法体悟]①to introduce this English speech contest是不定式短语作真正的主语，it是形式主语。
专题学案(五) 非谓语动词
解析：get前加to 此处表示我可能明年要再退休一次，仅仅为 了得到更多这样的饼干。分析句子结构可知，句中不缺谓语， 故此处为非谓语动词，根据语境可知，此处应用不定式作目的 状语。
常考点 1 常考点 2 常考点 3 常考点 4
综合演练提能
非谓语动词 结 束
3．The boy brought his guitar to the stage, worn a fashionable hat which made him seem so mysterious.________________ 解析：worn→wearing 动词wear和主语The boy之间是主 动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。
常考点 1 常考点 2 常考点 3 常考点 4
综合演练提能
非谓语动词 结 束
4 ． (2016·全 国 卷 Ⅲ )Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal ________ (create) special designs. 解析：to create 句意：熟练的工人还会把各种硬质木材和 金属组合起来以创作独特的样式。根据语境可知，此处应 用不定式作目的状语。
非谓语动词 结 束
专题学案(五) 非谓语动词
[常考点1 非谓语动词作状语]
2023年高考真题和模拟题英语分项汇：专题05 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致(解析版)(全国通用)
专题05动词的时态、语态和主谓一致养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
2023年高考真题1.【2023年全国乙卷】____46____ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I ____47____ (amaze) by theco-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. ...The ____49____ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, _____50_____ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.【46题详解】考查非谓语动词。
2021版《大高考》高考英语一轮总复习创新模拟题 分类试题：专题5 非谓语动词
专题五非谓语动词依据高考命题大数据软件分析，重点关注第1、4、8、9、14、15、21、24、25题模拟精选题Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2022·成都七中质检)I learned that he was 21 years old，________(study) Asian literature and history at Sydney University.答案studying[考查非谓语动词。
I learned that he was 21 years old，我了解到他21岁是主句，后面逗号隔开的应是状语部分，he和study之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词studying 表伴随。
]2．(2022·河南六市三月联考)Starting a new school term is always exciting.It is a chance________(see) your friends again.答案to see[考查非谓语动词，chance后面跟动词不定式作后置定语。
] 3．(2022·闽粤联合体联考)Art Deco was a popular international art design movement from 1923 until the 1940s，________(affect) the decorative arts.答案affecting[此处的非谓语动词作结果状语。
和其规律主语之间是主动关系，故用－ing形式。
]4．(2022·银川一中高三一模)It is natural enough, after________(be)a child for so many years, when you were completely under your parents’control.答案being[放在介词after后面的应为－ing形式。
专题02 非谓语动词(原卷版)
高考英语一轮复习语法填空专题应对策略专题02 非谓语动词动词不定式的功能、分词(现在分词、过去分词)的用法区分、动名词等的时态、语态的综合考查备考策略：1.牢记非谓语动词的三种形式：doing 现在分词表主动、进行；done 过去分词表被动、完成；to do 表目的、将来2.假如消灭“谓语动词,句子” 或者“句子，谓语动词” 的结构，一般是非谓语动词做状语，你只需要推断括号里V词与主句主语之间的关系是主动还是被动，还是表目的。
3.“be+过去分词+介词”结构，如be absorbed/dressed/trapped/occupied in, be equipped/loaded/burdened with, be accustomed/devoted/committed/addicted to doing，做非谓语动词去掉be即可。
4.不定式作结果状语，多用于too…to, enough to do, only to do, so…as to, such as to等结构。
5.不定式用于be+ adj+to do6.with的复合结构是常考点7. 做宾语补足语的状况常见动词have、hear、notice、find、see8.非谓语动词做定语的状况基本学问:非谓语动词的用法(一)填非谓语动词时要填不定式to do的状况：1. 主语：It is/was＋adj./n.＋for/of sb. to do sth. It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.2.宾语(1)有些动词只能用不定式作宾语：(2) find/think/believe/consider/make/feel＋it＋adj./n.＋to do sth.3. 表语：不定式作表语多表示某一次具体的、特定的或有待实现的动作(aim, dream, plan, purpose等后)4. 定语：(1) 不定式作定语表示将来的动作；(2) 不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或only, next等修饰的中心词，且与中心词为规律上的主动关系；(3) 下列名词或代词，常用不定式作定语。
2020版高考英语一轮专题复习专题五非谓语动词
考点三 非谓语动词作主语、表语
一、非谓语动词(不定式、动名词)作主语 1.不定式、动名词都可作主语,但动名词作主语多指抽象的、概念性的 动作,可以是多次的、经常性的行为;不定式作主语多表示具体的动作, 尤其是某一次的动作。
高考英语（课标专用）
专题五 非谓语动词
网络清单
考点清单
考点一 非谓语动词作宾语
一、下列动词一般用不定式作宾语
此外,afford, strive, happen(碰巧), wait,threaten等也要用不定式作宾 语。 二、下列动词或词组一般用动名词作宾语
注意: allow, permit, forbid, advise, consider后需加动名词作宾语,但如果后面 有名词或代词作宾语,则用不定式作宾补。
三、作介词的宾语 无论是普通介词还是含介词的动词短语一般情况下要用动名词形式作 宾语。 If you insist on doing something, do it everyday. 如果你坚持做某件事,那就每天做。 After finishing his share of the work he went to help the others. 他完成了自己的那部分工作以后, 又去帮助别人。 注意: 1.to既可以作介词,又可以作不定式符号,因此要牢记含介词 to的常用短 语。
四、to be done,being done和done作定语的区别
题组训练·用所给词的适当形式填空 ⑥There are still many problems to be solved (solve)before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. ⑦Prices of daily goods bought (buy) through a computer can be lower
专题05 单项选择之非谓语动词和特殊句式-中考英语真题分项汇编(全国通用)(解析版) 2
2023年中考真题英语分项汇编专题05单项选择之非谓语动词和特殊句式（第02期）考点1非谓语动词1．（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）I have decided to go to Beijing and________one of my old friends there.A．visiting B．visited C．visits D．visit【答案】D【详解】句意：我决定去北京看望我在那里的一位老朋友。
考查非谓语动词。
decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，空格处应为动词原形，省略了动词不定式符号to，故选D。
2．（2023·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题）________down air pollution,we should walk or take the bus instead of driving.A．Cut B．To cut C．Cutting【答案】B【详解】句意：为了减少空气污染，我们应该步行或乘公共汽车而不是开车。
考查动词形式。
根据“we should walk or take the bus instead of driving.”可知，减少空气污染是目的，用动词不定式表目的。
故选B。
3．（2023·吉林·统考中考真题）We hope________a beautiful home by living a low-carbon life(低碳生活).A．build B．building C．to build【答案】C【详解】句意：我们希望通过低碳生活来建设一个美丽的家园。
考查非谓语动词。
hope to do sth“希望做某事”，动词不定式作宾语，故选C。
4．（2023·黑龙江·统考中考真题）—Shall we go swimming this afternoon?—I would rather________at home than________swimming.A．stay;going B．stay;go C．to stay;to go【答案】B【详解】句意：——今天下午我们去游泳好吗？——我宁愿待在家里也不愿意去游泳。
【中考英语复习 语法题型高分宝典】专题5 非谓语动词-(原卷及答案)中考英语一轮复习必备
专题五非谓语动词一、单项选择1.(2022天津)The painting is really valuable to him. He will never agree__________ it.A. sellB. sellsC. soldD. to sell2.(2022云南昆明)Boys and girls, good luck and wish you__________ good grades on your new journey!A. cuttingB. to cutC. gettingD. to get3.(2022 云南)If you want__________ your pronunciation, keep on practicing every day.A. improveB. improvedC. improvingD. to improve4.(2022重庆A)Mr. Brown told his son not__________ the paintings in the museum.A. touchB. to touchC. touchingD. touched5.(2022重庆B)The new year is coming. Teachers encourage us__________ new hobbies.A. developB. developing C .to develop D. developed6. (2022湖南怀化)The teacher told Jack__________ off the light when he left the classroom.A. turnB. turningC. to turn7.(2022 湖南岳阳)Many students practice__________ in the morning because of the P.E. exam.A. runB. runningC. ran8.(2022江苏宿迁)-Miss Li, can you tell me how to improve my writing skills?-Certainly. I advise you__________ a diary in English every day.A. to keepB. keepingC. keptD. keep9.(2022 江苏扬州) __________ the people locked inside, the firemen broke down the door.A. ReachB. To reachC. ReachingD. To reaching10.(2022四川达州)-Exercising is good for our health.-You're right. So I'd rather__________ an hour's walk than__________ in front of the computer.A. to take; sitB. take; sitC. take; sittingD. to take; sitting11.(2022四川泸州)As teenagers, we are not allowed__________ mobile phones into school so that we can focus on our schoolwork.A. bringB. to bringC. bringingD. brought12.(2022四川遂宁)-The art festival is coming. It's a good chance to show ourselves.-You are very good at__________. And you will be the most popular star.A. singingB. singC. to singD. sang13. (2022贵州黔东南州)An old man__________ on the side of the road was found__________, and he was sent to the hospital by the bus driver and passengers immediately.A. lies; diesB. lay; diedC. lain; deadD. lying; dying14.(2022 海南)-Peter always remembers__________ the light off when he leaves the room.-That's great. It's a good way to save energy.A. shut B .shutting C. to shut15.(2022贵州铜仁)-Mr. Chen, my kid is sleeping. Would you mind__________ your radio?-Sorry. I'll do it at once.A. turning downB. turn downC. turning upD. turn up16.(2022 贵州毕节)Many people have lost their homes because of wars. It's important for people__________ a peaceful world.A. haveB. hadC. to haveD. to be having17.(2022内蒙古包头)Nancy didn't know anyone in the new school, so she decided to join an after-school club__________ some new friends.A. to meetB. meetC. metD. meets18.(2022四川达州)-Hurry up, Jason! We're going to the cinema, but the clothes still need__________.-Don't worry. I think thirty minutes__________ enough.A. washing; areB. to wash; areC. to wash; isD. washing; is19.(2022黑龙江龙东地区)I saw Lily__________ when I passed her room.A. danceB. dancingC. to dance20.(2022黑龙江绥化)If you have difficulty__________ out the problem, you can ask the teacher for help.A. workB. workingC. to work21. (2022黑龙江绥化)-We should do what we can__________ the spread of viruses(病毒).-You are right. We can often wash hands and wear masks.A. preventB. to preventC. preventing22.(2022黑龙江哈尔滨)-I often watch talk shows on TV.-I enjoy watching the news. I hope__________ what's going on around the world.A. find outB. to find outC. finding out23.(2021 吉林)Mr. White invited me__________ the hill with him last weekend.A. to climbB. climbC. climbing24.(2021 天津)When I was young, my parents taught me__________ older people kindly.A. treatsB. to treatC. treatedD. treat25.(2021 重庆A)The villagers plan__________ a new bridge over the river.A. buildB. buildingC. to buildD. built26. (2021广西柳州)Alice couldn't make herself__________ attention to because her classmates made so much noise.A. payB. paidC. paying27.(2021四川广元)The boy is crazy about music and we always hear him__________ in the music room.A. to singB. singsC. singingD. sing28.(2021广西梧州)My parents are used to__________ after supper.A. walkB. walksC. walkingD. walked29.(2021江苏苏州)During our holidays, we should avoid__________ up at night and oversleeping in the morning.A. stayB. to stayC. stayedD. staying答案:1.D 句意:这幅画对他来说真的很宝贵.他绝不会同意卖掉它.agree to do sth.同意做某事.2.D 句意:男孩女孩们,祝你们好运,祝你们在新的征程中取得好成绩！wish sb.to do sth.希望某人做某事.3.D 句意:如果你想提高你的发音,坚持每天练习.want to do sth.想要做某事.4.B 句意:布朗先生告诉他的儿子不要碰博物馆里的画.tell sb.(not) to do sth.告诉某人(不要)做某事.5.C 句意:新的一年就要来了.老师鼓励我们培养新的爱好.encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事.6.C 句意:老师告诉杰克离开教室时把灯关掉.tell sb.to do sth.告诉某人做某事.7.B 句意:因为体育考试,许多学生在早上练习跑步.practice doing sth.练习做某事.8.A 句意:－李老师,你能告诉我如何提高我的写作技巧吗?－当然.我建议你每天用英语写日记.advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事.9.B 句意:为了到被锁在里面的人身边,消防员破门而入.此处为动词不定式作目的状语.10.B 句意:－锻炼对我们的健康有好处.－你说得对.所以我宁愿步行一小时也不愿坐在电脑前.would ratherdo sth. than do sth.宁愿做某事也不愿做某事.11.B 句意:作为青少年,我们不被允许把手机带进学校,这样我们就可以专注于我们的功课.be(not)allowed to do sth.(不)被允许做某事.12.A 句意:－艺术节要来了.这是一个展示自己的好机会.－你很会唱歌.你将成为最受欢迎的明星.be good at doing sth.擅长做某事.13.D 句意:一个躺在路边的老人被发现奄奄一息,他被公交司机和乘客立即送往医院.lies说谎,躺(单三);lay躺(过去式)或放置(动词原形);lain躺(过去分词);lying躺(现在分词)或说谎(现在分词).第一空表示“正躺在路边的老人”,用现在分词作定语.dies死亡(动词单三);died死亡(动词过去式);dead死亡的(形容词);dying垂死的.根据句意可知,还有生命体征,第二空应填dying.14.C 句意:－Peter离开房间的时候总是记得关掉灯.－很好.这是节约能源的一个好办法.remember to do sth.记得去做某事,remember doing sth.记得做过某事.15.A 句意:－陈先生,我的孩子在睡觉.您介意把收音机声音调小一些吗?－不好意思.我马上调小声音. mind doing sth.介意做某事,turn down 把声音调小;turn up把声音调大.根据my kid is sleeping 可知是需要调小声音以免把孩子吵醒.16.C 句意:许多人因为战争失去了家园.对于人们来说,拥有一个和平的世界是重要的. It's + adj.+for sb. to do sth.对某人来说做某事是·····的,It为形式主语,to do sth.是真正的主语.17.A 句意:南希不认识新学校里的任何人,因此她决定加入一个课后俱乐部来结识一些新朋友.此处为to do sth.作目的状语.18.D 句意:－Jason,赶快！我们要去看电影,但是衣服仍然需要洗洗.－别担心.我认为30分钟足够了.第一空考查sth. need doing(=sth. need to be done),物作主语时,need doing为主动形式表被动意义;第二空考查时间作主语时,谓语动词用单三.19.B 句意:我经过莉莉房间的时候看见她在跳舞.see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事.20.B 句意:如果你解决这个问题有困难,你可以向老师求助.have difficulty doing sth.做某事有困难.21.B 句意:－我们应该做我们能做的去阻止病毒的传播.－你说得对.我们可以勤洗手并且戴口罩.此处为to do sth.作目的状语,what we can是do的宾语,can后面省略了do以避免重复.22.B 句意:－我经常在电视上看脱口秀.－我喜欢看新闻.我希望了解世界各地在发生什么事情.hope to do sth.希望做某事.23.A 句意:上周末,怀特先生邀请我跟他一起去爬山了. invite sb.to do sth.邀请某人做某事.24.B 句意:我小的时候,父母就教我善待老年人.teach sb. to do sth.教某人做某事.25.C 句意:村民们计划在河上修一座新桥.plan to do sth.计划做某事.26.B 句意:艾丽斯不能使她自己被注意到,因为她的同学太吵了.此题考查make sb.done的结构,sb.与done是被动关系;而make sb.do sth.的结构中,sb.与do是主动关系.27.D 句意:这个男孩对音乐痴迷并且我们总是听到他在音乐室里唱歌.hear sb.do sth.听见某人做某事;hear sb. doing sth.听见某人正在做某事.28.C 句意:我父母习惯在晚饭后散步.be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事;be used to do sth.被用来做某事.29.D 句意:在假期,我们应该避免晚上熬夜、早上不起. avoid doing sth.避免做某事.二、词汇运用30.(2022浙江宁波)Cathy enjoys__________ (解决) a problem by sharing it with her best friends.31.(2022内蒙古包头)I remember__________ my key into my bag, but now it's not there!(put)32.(2022黑龙江龙东地区)The spirit of Lei Feng is worth__________ (spread)forever.33.(2022 甘肃武威)The teacher asked the students__________ (circle) the correct answer.34.(2022江苏苏州改编)You can't make much progress in study without__________ (manage) your time well.35.(2021 湖南常德)We used__________ (have)a party to welcome our new friend on weekends.36.(2021 云南)The young should do meaningful things instead of__________ with phones all day.(play)37.(2020黑龙江龙东地区)All the doctors and nurses didn't give up__________ (save)the young man.答案:30.solving 句意:Cathy喜欢通过跟她最好的朋友们分享问题来解决问题.enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事.31.putting 句意:我记得把钥匙放进包里了,但是现在它没有在那儿.remember doing sth.记得做过某事.32.spreading 句意:雷锋精神值得永远传承下去.sth.be worth doing 值得做某事.33.to circle 句意:老师要求学生圈出正确的答案.ask sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事.34.managing 句意:不好好管理时间,你就不能在学习上取得很大的进步.35.to have 句意:我们过去常在周末举行聚会欢迎我们的新朋友.used to do sth.过去常常做某事.36.playing 句意:年轻人应该做有意义的事情,而不是整天玩手机.instead of 后加动名词作宾语.37.saving 句意:所有的医生和护士没有放弃拯救这个年轻人.give up doing sth.放弃做某事.。
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专题五非谓语动词（全国卷）学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、用单词的适当形式完成句子单句语法填空1．(2019·全国Ⅰ)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive __________(perform) consistently over a large area. 2．(2019·全国Ⅰ)Scientists have responded by __________(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are.3．(2019·全国II)A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for __________(be) Britain’s oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week.4．(2019·全国II)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans __________(retire) from her 36-year-old business.5．(2019·全国II)When we got a call __________(say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.6．(2019·全国III)On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, __________(listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.7．(2018·全国Ⅰ)You don’t have to run fast or for long __________(see) the benefit. 8．(2018·全国Ⅰ)You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of__________(die) early by running.9．(2018·全国II)The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice__________(improve) water quality.10．(2018·全国II)China’s approach to protecting its environment while __________(feed) its citizens offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide. 11．(2018·全国III)I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid __________(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel __________(challenge).12．(2018·全国III)Once his message was delivered, he allowed me __________(stay) and watch.13．(2017·全国Ⅰ)They are required __________(process) the food that we eat. 14．(2017·全国Ⅰ)By __________(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat thanthey need in their diet.15．(2017·全国II)This included digging up the road, __________(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.16．(2017·全国III)But unlike school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term__________(rest).17．(2017·全国III)But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants__________(prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.二、单句改错下列各句中均有一处错误，指出并改正。
18．(2019·全国Ⅰ)All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.19．(2019·全国III)If I succeed in manage one, I will open more.20．(2018·全国Ⅰ)My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. 21．(2018·全国II)But no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not let me.22．(2018·全国III)Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.23．(2018·全国III)Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity, others were nervous and anxious.参考答案1．to perform2．noting3．being4．to retire5．saying6．listening7．to see8．dying9．to improve10．feeding11．looking challenged12．to stay13．to process14．eating15．laying16．resting17．to prove【分析】1．考查非谓语动词。
句意：跟踪北极熊数量的现代方法只是从二十世纪八十年代中期以来才开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的。
主系表结构之后常用不定式作原因或目的状语。
故此处填to perform。
2．考查非谓语动词。
根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词作宾语，故填noting。
3．考查非谓语动词。
根据其前介词for可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填being。
4．考查不定式作定语。
此处用to do sth作后置定语，用来修饰前面的名词plan，表示“……的计划”，故填to retire。
5．考查非谓语动词。
前面已经有谓语动词call，故此处用非谓语动词形式，根据say与其逻辑主语call是主动关系，故填saying。
6．考查非谓语动词。
本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。
听音乐这个动作是由we发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。
也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后meeting interesting locals为分词形式，故空格处填listening。
7．考查非谓语动词。
句意：你没有必要跑的很快或长时间跑去看（它的）好处。
根据语义，“see the benefit”是表示目的关系。
故填to see。
8．考查非谓语动词。
句意：你或许会喝酒、抽烟、超重，但仍可以通过跑步降低早死的风险。
根据短语a risk of (doing) sth可知，die需变为其名词或动名词形式作宾语，death是名词，多用于表示“谁谁的死”、“谁谁的噩耗”；dying表示垂死状态，dying用于短语“risk of doing sth.”，表示什么什么的风险，故此处填dying。
9．考查非谓语动词。
句意：政府鼓励农民不去种水稻而是种植玉米是为了改善水质。
根据语义，这里(improve) water quality是表示目的。
故填to improve。
10．考查非谓语动词。
句意：中国在为公民提供食物同时保护环境的方法为全世界的农业和食物政策制定者们提供了一些启示。
这里(feed) its citizens是作状语，且与主语China’s approach是主动关系。
故填feeding。
11．考查非谓语动词。
句意：我迅速低下身子，低下头去避免直接去看他的眼睛以便他没有感觉到被挑战。
动词avoid后接动名词作宾语，故填looking。
句中feel是连系动词，根据语义采用challenge的过去分词形式作表语（含被动关系），故填challenged。
12．考查非谓语动词。
句意：一旦他的信息被发送了，他允许我待在那里观看。
根据allow sb to do固定结构可知，故填to stay。
13．考查非谓语动词。
句意：他们被要求去加工处理我们所吃的食物。
require sb/sth to do是固定结构，故填to process。