attibutive clause 1

attibutive clause 1.ppt句子的最基本的要素是要有主语和谓语，在祈使句中主语可以省略。

We all listened.She likes sports.My father is a doctor.He told us a funny story.I asked them to clean the classroom.Stop talking.在一个句子中有两个主谓结构，而其中一个主谓结构又充当了句子中的某一成分，则整个大句子就叫作复合句，而其中充当了某一成份的句子就叫作从句。

My father was a teacher when he was young.He told me that he had already finished his homework.什么是复合句？什么是从句?这个句子是复合句吗？The children are playing and the teachers are having a rest.并列句He is a teacher with a beautiful voice.He is an English teacher who likes singing songs.前置定语an experienced nursethe exciting news后置定语the man in yellowthe rich woman killed yesterdaythe girl crying by the road有些形容词习惯上做后置定语all presentthe greatest man alivethe man asleep/awake定语从句当定语是一个句子时，我们称之为定语从句Attributive Clause（定语从句）概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句先行词（Antecedent)：被定语从句所修饰的词。

关系词(Relatives)：引导定语从句的词，并代替先行词在从句中担任一定的成分。

限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句He who doesn’t reach the great wall is not a true man. 定语从句先行词引导词引导词关系代词 :who﹑whom﹑that﹑which﹑whose关系副词:where﹑when﹑why关系副词关系代词关系词在句中作用先行词所指关系词whichwho whom whoseaswhen wherewhy人/物物人人人/物人/物/事情时间地点原因主、宾、表主、宾主、宾宾主、宾、表时间状语地点状语原因状语关系词的作用：1、连接作用把主句和从句连接起来2、替代作用在从句中代替在它前面的先行词3、成分作用在从句中充当一个成分The girl (who is standing there ) is Mary.Relative pronounantecedentThe girl is Mary. / She is standing there.How to combine two sentences into an attributive clause?1、找准主句，并确定先行词。

2、找准关系词，来代替先行词Practice:The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me.The boy (who sits in front of me ) is Tom.The teacher will give us a speech .We met the teacher yesterday.The teacher (whom we met yesterday )willgive us a speech.The girl who/that is standing there is Mary.She is the girl( who/whom/that )I met that day.The doctor to whom she sent her friend is very famous.（1）指人的关系代词：who/that(主语)who/whom/that（宾语,可省略）介词之后只能用whom2. which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)These are the trees which were plantedlast year.This recorder （which） he is using ismade in Japan.Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you borrowbooks?The man is an old teacher.He lives next door to me.The man who/that lives next door to me is an old teacher.(主语)〓 The woman got the job.We saw her on the street.The woman( whom/who/that )we saw on the street got the job. 〓 The boy is in the lab.You want to talk to him.The boy (whom/who/that )you want to talk to is in the lab.The boy to whom you want to talkis in the lab.〓 This is the boy. I sit behind him.This is the boy (whom/who/that ) I sit behind.This is the boy behind whom I sit.〓 I know the boy.His father is a doctor.I know the boy whose father is a doctor.I like the house.Its windows face south.I like the house whose windows face south.1 为以下情况时，只用who,不用that当先行詞是those / she / he / they /one/ones/everyone/nobody/anyone等代詞时,关系代詞用who.Those who were late for class raise your hands.AttentionHe who doesn’t go to the Great Wall is not a true man.b.在there be 开头的句中用who指人There is a man who wants to see you at the school gate.为以下情况时，只用that, 不用who在以who开头的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复Who is the girl that is crying?2 that 和which的区别I gave her everything that I had.The first thing that we should to is to find a room to live in.It is the largest map that I have ever seen.He is the very person (that) I want to see at the present.They are talking about the people and things that they have seen in the country.Which of the books that were borrowed from the library is yours? There is a seat in the corner that is still free.在以下情况中通常用that而不用which先行词为all, few, little, much, everything, nothing, anything, none, 等不定代词时；先行词有all, any, every, each, few, little, no, the very，the only, the last修饰时；先行词有序数词修饰时（first)；先行词有最高级修饰时(best)；先行词既有人又有物时;主句是which, who引导的特殊疑问句,不用以免同形重复主句以there be 开头，先行词指物.Tom is not the boy that he used to be.当关系代词在定语丛句中作表语3 在以下情况下必须用which关系代词直接在介词后作宾语时，引导非限定性定语从句时用which而不用that。

His uncle works in a factory in which bikes are made.His speech, which bored everyone, went on and on.4 关系代词的省略关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略( that, which, who)关系代词在从句中作主语时不可以省略非限定性定语从句中的引导词不可以省略。

The question (that/which) I don’t understand is about grammar.I gave him a bottle of beer, which he drank at once.My father, who works in a factory, used to be a soldier.5 表示人时，介词后不可用who, that。

只能用whom.但如果将介词放在从句的句中，就可以用who或that来替代 ,且whom, who, that ，都可以省略。

The person to ___ you talked is Mr. Li.The man ____ I saw last week is called Smith. The person ______ you talked to is Mr. Li.(who/ whom/that)whom(who/ whom/that)6 关系代词----whosewhose可以修饰人也可修饰物，在定语从句中作定语。