关于文艺复兴一文的翻译
翻译：帕特《文艺复兴》之一
翻译：帕特《文艺复兴》之一在网上看到有人评论新近出版的《文艺复兴——艺术与诗研究》一书的译文毛病多多，仅从评论文字看，确实如此，正巧我自己对这一块的梳理也做到文艺复兴了，对这本书也久闻大名，找来电子版，发现并不长，遂决定化一两个月时间自己翻译，应该能够译完。
每天译一点，参考英文本做好注释。
THE RENAISSANCESTUDIES IN ART AND POETRYBy Walter PaterSixth Edition文艺复兴艺术与诗研究瓦尔特·帕特第六版Dedication To C.L.S.献给C.L.S.PREFACE前言Many attempts have been made by writers on art and poetry to define beauty in the abstract, to express it in the most general terms, to find a universal formula for it. The value of theseattempts has most often been in the suggestive and penetrating things said by the way. Such discussions help us very little to enjoy what has been well done in art or poetry, to discriminate between what is more and what is less excellent in them, or to use words like beauty, excellence, art, poetry, with a more precise meaning than they would otherwise have. Beauty, like all other qualities presented to human experience, is relative; and the definition of it becomes unmeaning and useless in proportion to its abstractness. To define beauty, not in the most abstract, but in the most concrete terms possible, to find, not a universal formula for it, but the formula which expresses most adequately this or that special manifestation of it, is the aim of the true student of aesthetics.人们就艺术和诗做了许多研究，力图给美以抽象的定义，最为概括的表述和通用的公式。
文艺复兴作文英文
文艺复兴作文英文英文：The Renaissance was a period of great cultural and intellectual growth that took place in Europe from the 14th to the 17th century. It was characterized by a renewed interest in classical art, literature, and philosophy, as well as a shift towards humanism and individualism.During this time, artists and thinkers began to focus on the individual and the human experience, rather than solely on religious or societal ideals. This led to the development of new forms of art, such as perspective in painting and the use of the sonnet in poetry.One of the most famous figures of the Renaissance was Leonardo da Vinci, who is known for his artistic masterpieces such as the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper, as well as his scientific and engineering inventions.The Renaissance had a profound impact on Western civilization, shaping the way we think about art, science, and the individual. It paved the way for the Enlightenment and the Scientific Revolution, which built upon the humanistic ideals of the Renaissance.中文：文艺复兴是欧洲14世纪到17世纪的一段文化和知识增长的时期。
人文英语教程第二版邓红课文翻译文艺复兴
人文英语教程第二版邓红课文翻译文艺复兴The Renaissance was an ideological and cultural movement that emerged in Europe from the 14th century to the 16th century. It brought a period of scientific and artistic revolution and opened the prelude to modern European history. It is considered to be the boundary between the Middle Ages and modern times. Marxist historians consider it to be the dividing line between the feudal era and the capitalist era. It is generally believed that the Renaissance originated in Italy in the 14th century (the word Renaissance comes from the Italian Rinascimento, meaning regeneration or revival), and later expanded to Western European countries, reaching its peak in the 16th century. In 1550, Vasari officially used it as the name of the new culture in his "Famous People in Yiyuan". The word was transliterated in French as Renaissance, and it was used in European countries after the 17th century. In the 19th century, Western historians further regarded it as a general term for Western European culture from the 14th to the 16th century. Western historians once thought it was the revival of the culture and art ofancient Greece and the Roman Empire. In the 14th century, with the development of the handicraft industry and the commodity economy, capitalist relations have gradually formed within the European feudal system; politically, the feudal separatist regime has caused widespread dissatisfaction, and national consciousness has begun to awaken. A strong desire for unity. As a result, a new period reflecting the interests and demands of the emerging capitalist forces began to appear in culture and art. The emerging bourgeoisie believed that medieval culture was a retrogression, while the classical Greek and Roman cultures were bright and developed models. They tried to revive the classical culture—and the so-called "revival" was actually an unprecedented liberation and creation of knowledge and spirit. The Renaissance movement originated in northern Italy, and it is generally believed that the first representative figure was Dante, whose representative is "The Divine Comedy". His works first criticized and exposed the corruption and stupidity of medieval religious rule in an implicit way, using local dialects instead of Created in Latin as the official literary language of medieval Europe. Another representative was Petrarch, whobelieved that the ancient Greek and Roman eras were the most perfect eras of human nature, and it was against nature to suppress human nature in the Middle Ages. Although he had extensive research on Latin literature, he wrote a large number of lyrical poems in the form of sonnets in Italian dialect, which were warmly welcomed by the rulers of the city states. Another important reason for the Renaissance was the fall of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks in 1453 and the demise of the Eastern Roman Empire. A large number of talents who were influenced by eastern culture and still retained the spirit of the ancient Roman Empire fled to Italy, brought back many fresh ideas and arts, and opened schools in Rome to teach Greek, which led to the formation of the Renaissance movement. The works of the Renaissance period embodies humanistic thought: advocate the liberation of individuality, oppose the asceticism and religious views of the Middle Ages; advocate scientific culture, oppose obscurantism, and get rid of the shackles of the church on people's thoughts; affirm human rights, oppose theocracy, and reject actions All authoritative and traditional dogmas underlying theology and scholastic philosophy; support forcentralization and opposition to feudal separatism are the main ideas of humanism. Among them, representative works include: Dante's "The Divine Comedy", Boccaccio's "Decameron", Machiavelli's "The Prince", Rabelais' "Giant" and so on. The art of the Renaissance sang the beauty of the human body, advocated that the proportion of the human body was the most harmonious proportion in the world, and applied it to architecture. Although a series of paintings and sculptures were still based on religious stories, they were all The scene of ordinary people pulled God to the ground. Humanists began to study the Bible with the method of studying classical literature, and translated the Bible into the language of the nation, which led to the rise of the religious reform movement. Humanism extols the secular contempt for heaven, advertises reason as a substitute for divine inspiration, affirms that "people" are the creators and enjoyers of life in this world, requires literature and art to express people's thoughts and feelings, science for people's well-being, education to develop people's individuality, requires Free people's thoughts, feelings and wisdom from the bondage of theology. Advocating individual freedom, so it hasplayed a great role in the development of history.。
2019新人教版高中英语选择性必修三unit1课文及翻译(英汉对照)
2019新人教版高中英语选择性必修三unit1课文及翻译(英汉对照)During the Middle Ages。
XXX and was often created for XXX。
The artists of this d used a style called Byzantine。
which featured flat。
nal figures with XXX。
as the Middle Ages progressed。
XXX naturalistic style。
with artists like XXX.在中世纪时期，西方绘画主要关注宗教主题，通常是为教堂和大教堂创作的。
这个时期的艺术家使用了一种称为拜占庭的风格，其中包括扁平的二维人物形象，大眼睛和风格化的姿势。
然而，随着中世纪的进展，西方艺术开始向更加自然主义的风格转变，如XXX和XXX创作了更加真实的人物和风景描绘。
The Renaissance (14th to 17th century)文艺复兴(14世纪到17世纪)The Renaissance was a d of great artistic and cultural changein Western Europe。
During this time。
XXX。
XXX。
Some ofthe most famous artists of the Renaissance include Leonardo da Vinci。
Michelangelo。
and Raphael。
These artists created works that were characterized by their n to detail。
use of perspective。
and realistic ns of the human form.文艺复兴是西欧一个伟大的艺术和文化变革时期。
在这个时期，艺术家开始探索新的技术和风格，导致对古典艺术和文化的重新关注。
文艺复兴Renaissance
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法国园林
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法国：勒· 诺特（尔）式园林 英语和德语国家：巴洛克园林 中国：古典主义园林 勒· 诺特的造园保留了意文艺复兴庄园的一些要素， 又以一种新的更加开朗、华丽、宏伟、对称的方 式重新组合，创造了一种更显高贵的园林（宫廷 文化，伟大风格）。
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第六章 法国园林
古典主义 第一节、法国古典主义园林 一、文艺复兴前的法国园林 二、文艺复兴时期的法国园林 三、法国古典主义园林 第二节 法国古典主义园林在欧洲的影响
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古典主义
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17世纪和18世纪前半期流行于欧洲君主专制 时期的一种文艺思潮或文艺流派。它的代表人 物在创作实践和文艺理论上，把古希腊、古罗 马时代的文艺视为必须仿效的崇高典范，从中 吸取题材、情节、形象和创作经验，并赋予它 们新的历史内容。古典主义一词由此而得名。
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Amboise
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二、文艺复兴时期的法国园林（4）
16世纪中叶，王权进一步加强，中央集权的君主政体 要求在艺术上有与其相适应的审美观点。 同时，一批杰出的意大利建筑师来到法国，而且在意 大利学习的法国建筑师也结业回国。 意大利的影响更加广泛、深刻，不再停留在花园的局 部处理及造园要素上，而是影响到庄园的整体布局 。
文艺复兴Renaissance
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当时人们认为，文艺在希腊、罗马古典时代曾高度繁 荣，但在中世纪“黑暗时代”却衰败湮没，直到14世 纪以后才获得“再生”与“复兴”。因此，文艺复兴 着重表明了新文化以古典为师的一面，但它并非单纯 的古典复兴，实际上是反封建的新文化的创造。文艺 复兴宣扬个性解放、尊重人、爱人等人文主义思想， 用资产阶级的“人道”反对封建阶级的“神道”，用 资产阶级的纵欲主义反对封建阶级的禁欲主义。文艺 复兴主要表现在科学、文学和艺术的普遍高涨。
英美文学选读英国部分第一章文艺复兴时期
英美文学选读中文翻译及重点习题答案英国文学(AMERICAN LITERATURE)第一章文艺复兴时期(The Renaissance Period)二、背景知识(Background knowledge)1、历史文化背景(Historical and cultural background)(1)文艺复兴是从中世纪向近代过渡时期发生在欧洲许多国家的一场思想文化运动。
它是在一些历史因素的合力作用下而引发的，如对希腊罗马古典文化的重新发现，宗教改革运动，地理和自然科学领域的探索，以及资本主义经济的扩张等。
(2)人文主义是文艺复兴的主要特征。
它颂扬人性，强调以“人”为本，宣传个性解放，反对神秘主义和中古神权，反对野蛮和兽性。
(3)16世纪的宗教改革导致了新教的创立。
英格兰同罗马教皇的决裂最初源于国王亨利八世决定与其第一位妻子离婚但遭到教皇否决。
宗教教义的改革则发生在后来的爱德华六世和女王伊丽莎白一世统治期间。
(4)工商业持续发展，中产阶级逐渐壮大，非神职人员获得受教育的机会，王权巩固，宫廷成为文化生活的中心，以及海外扩张和科学探索日益拓展人们的视野，所有这些都为文学提供了新的推动力和发展方向。
威廉·卡克斯顿首次将印刷术介绍到英国，使那里的出版社迅速增加，随之而来的是印刷书籍的繁荣。
2、英国文艺复兴时期文学的特点(Features of English Renaissance literature)(1) 诗歌(Poetry)开创文艺复兴时期一代新的华丽诗风的两个最重要的人物是菲利普·悉尼爵士和埃德蒙·斯宾塞。
在他们的抒情和叙事作品中，展现出一种词藻华丽、精雕细琢的文风。
到16世纪末，出现了两类新的诗歌风格。
第一类以约翰·邓恩和其他玄学派诗人为代表；第二类风格的典范是本·琼森和他所代表的流派。
英国文艺复兴时期的最后一位大诗人是清教作家约翰·密尔顿，他的诗歌具有惊人的震撼力和优雅的韵致，同时传达出深邃的思想。
Renaissance文艺复兴英文介绍
David (1504) by Michelangelo
In essence,
the Renaissance is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers attempted to lift the restrictions in all areas placed by Roman Catholic Church and to introduce new ideas expressing the interest of the rising bourgeoisie.
1.1 What is Renaissance?
Renaissance refers to the activity, spirit and time of the revival of art, learning, and literature in Europe extending over a period of 300 years (1350-1650), marking a transition from the Middle Ages to the modern time.
Assignment
A Presentation on William Shakespeare
Humanism
A Different View of Humanity Human beings are glorious creatures capable of individual development toward the direction of perfection. Human beings live in this world not to suffer merely but to interrogate, to explore and to enjoy.
自考英美文学选读_第一章_文艺复兴时期(英国)(课文翻译)
英美文学选读翻译（英语专业自考）第一部分：英国文学第一章文艺复兴时期文艺复兴标志着一个过渡时期,即中世纪的结束和现代社会的开始。
一般来说,文艺复兴时期是从十四世纪到十七世纪中叶。
它从意大利兴起,伴随着绘画、雕塑和文学领域的百花齐放,而后文艺复兴浪潮席卷了整个欧洲。
文艺复兴,顾名思义即重生、复苏,是由一系列历史事件激发推动的,其中包括对古希腊罗马文化的重新发现。
地理天文领域的新发现,宗教改革及经济发展。
因此,文艺复兴从本质上是欧洲人文主义者竭力摒弃中世纪欧洲的封建主义,推行代表新兴城市资产阶级利益的新思想,并恢复早期宗教的纯洁性,远离腐败的罗马天主教廷的一场运动。
文艺复兴浪潮影响到英国的速度比较慢,不仅因为英国远离欧洲大陆,而且还因为其国内的动荡不安。
乔叟去世后的一个半世纪是英国历史上最动荡不安的时期。
好战的贵族篡取了王位,使英国走上自我毁灭之路。
著名的玫瑰之战就是极好的例子。
后来理查三世的恐怖统治标志着内战的结束,在都铎王朝的统治下英国的民族情感又成长起来。
然而直到亨利八世统治期间(1509-1547),文艺复兴的春风才吹入英国。
在亨利八世的鼓励下,牛津的改革派学者和人文主义者们将古典文学引入英国。
基于古典文学作品及《圣经》的教育重获生机,而十五世纪就被广泛传阅的文学作品则更加流行了。
自此,英国的文艺复兴开始了。
英国,尤其是英国文学进入了黄金时代。
这个时期涌现出莎士比亚、斯宾塞、约翰逊、锡德尼、马洛、培根及邓恩等一大批文学巨匠。
但英国的文艺复兴并未使新文学与旧时代彻底决裂,带有十四、十五世纪特点的创作态度与情感依然贯穿在人文主义与改革时代。
人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。
它源于努力恢复中世纪产生的对古希腊罗马文化的尊崇。
人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以"人"为中心,人是万物之灵。
通过这些对古代文化崭新的研究,人文主义者不仅看到了光彩夺目的艺术启明星,还在那古典作品中寻求到了人的价值。
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希腊人被证明是一个天才民族的群体,他们实现了人类有史以来在生产,思想和信件的最高高度。
他们吸收知识,对他们来说,神秘的东方,有着数学知识的古代迦勒底人,他们在小亚细亚和埃及航行中发现工艺品。
在学习中他们立即添加每一个知识点。
这是希腊人的第五和第四世纪到公元前第一次成为全意识的人类思想的权力,那些制定什么西方世界漫长意味着美丽的,谁第一个推测政治自由。
当他们安定下来,希腊城邦形成微小,所有独立的和经常彼此作战,每个只有几英里宽,通常包括一个沿海城市和其周边的农田。
雅典、斯巴达城邦的科林斯是这样。
许多人民主;所有公民(即,所有成年男人除了奴隶和“外邦人”,或局外人)聚集在市场上选举官员和讨论他们的公共业务。
政治动荡的希腊国家小。
民主与贵族交替,寡头政治,专制和暴政,。
从这个丰富的基金的经验出生系统政治科学中所提出的不成文的投机苏格拉底和柏拉图的共和国和政治亚里士多德在第四世纪基督之前。
希腊人也是第一写历史作为一门学科不同于神话和传说。
希罗多德,“历史之父”,游遍希腊世界,远远超出,挖掘出他所能了解的过去,在他的帐户的修,雅典和斯巴达
之间的战争,历史的方法为指导,开明的国籍和建设性的治国之道。
在公元前146年。
希腊人征服的希腊是一个新的人,罗马人。
罗马人,同时保持自己的拉丁语言,迅速吸收他们所能的知识和艺术文化的希腊人。
在一段时间内的两个或三个世纪他们组装一个帝国在这整个世界古代文明(西波斯)被包括。
埃及、希腊、小亚细亚、叙利亚都成了罗马省,但在他们罗马人几乎没有任何深刻影响除了政治意义。
在西方就是现在突尼斯、阿尔及利亚、摩洛哥、西班牙、葡萄牙、法国、瑞士、比利时和英国的罗马人,虽然他们的方法的无情征服,在长期担任代理人,这些文明传播迄今落后国家古老的成就的东部和最近的希腊和罗马文化本身。
所以彻底是皈依天主教,在西方拉丁甚至成为当前口语。
它后来被消灭在非洲阿拉伯语但是延续至今,改变了时间,在语言的法国、意大利、西班牙、葡萄牙和罗马尼亚。