综合商务英语教程四册1章International Trade Data
商务英语综合教程第四册Unit 4 International Risks
entrant n. 进入者；新会员；参加竞赛者；新工作者 例：That's because only a few system calls can be safely called inside
2. Porter defines them as: threat of new entrants in the industry, threat of substitute goods and services, intensity of competition within the industry, bargaining power of suppliers, and bargaining power of consumers.
Exercise: I. Answer the following questions according to the text:
1. What is the main topic of the passage?
The topic of the passage is Risks in International Business.
2. What do you know about the international risks?
Just as there are reasons to get into global markets, and benefits from global markets, there are also risks involved in locating companies in certain countries. Each country may have its potentials; it also has its woes that are associated with doing business with major companies. Some of the rogue countries may have all the natural minerals but the risks involved in doing business in those countries exceed the benefits.
国际商务英语阅读教程(第四版)-期末复习
Unit 1~2Mercantilism 重商主义 Neomeicantilist 新重商主义者Trade surplus 贸易顺差Quota and tariff 配额和关税Government intervention 政府干预Zero-sum game 零和博弈Positive-sum game 常和博弈The theory of absolute advantage 绝对优势理论The theory of comparative advantage 比较优势理论Factor endowments 要素禀赋理论Product life cycle 产品生命周期（+theory ……理论）Economies of scale 规模经济Diminishing returns 收益递减规律Green revolution 绿色革命Voluntary restriction 自动出口限制Deposit 佣金First mover advantage 先占优势Barrier to entry 进入(市场)壁垒Porter’s diamond theory 波特的钻石理论National competitive advantage 国家竞争优势The department of commerce 商务部Letter of credit 信用证Draft /bill of exchange 汇票bill of lading B/L 提单Sight draft 即期汇票Time draft 远期汇票Banker ‘s acceptance 银行承兑（+bill …汇票）Trade acceptance 商业承兑汇票Countertrade 对等贸易Barter 易货贸易Switch trading 转手贸易Offset 抵消Counter purchase 互购贸易Compensation trade 补偿贸易Mercantilism suggests that it is in a country’s best interest to maintain a trade surplus -- to export more than it imports（重商主义就是保持贸易顺差以实现一国的最大利益---出口超过进口）Mercantilism advocates government intervention(介入) to achieve a surplus in the balance of trade （重商主义主张政府介入以便实现对外贸易顺差）It views trade as a zero-sum game - one in which a gain by one country results in a loss by another （将贸易看成零和博弈，一个国家收益一个国家受损）Absolute Advantage 绝对优势Adam Smith argued that a country has an absolute advantage in the production of a product when it is more efficient than any other country in producing it亚当斯密认为一个国家生产一种商品比其他任何国家效率都高时存在绝对优势According to Smith, countries should specialize in the production of goods for which they have an absolute advantage and then trade these goods for the goods produced by other countries 按照亚当斯密的说法，各国应该专门生产具有绝对优势的商品，然后用他们交换其他国家生产的商品The Benefit（好处） of Absolute Advantage and Free TradeThe Principle for International Division of Labor–Absolute Advantage 国际分工的原则---绝对优势The Consequence（结果） of Division of Labor and Free Trade 分工的结果和自由贸易1. To Production: the Flow of the Factor of Production 生产要素的流动； the Efficiency of Factor Distribution 要素分配效率；the Quantity of Production 产品质量。
国际商务英语阅读教程(第四版)
Unit 1~2 Mercantilism重商主义Trade surplus 贸易顺差Quota and tariff配额和关税Zero-sum game零和博弈Positive-sum game常和博弈The theory of absolute advantage绝对优势理论The theory of comparative advantage 比较优势理论Factor endowments要素禀赋理论Product life cycle 产品生命周期Economies of scale 规模经济First mover advantage先占优势Barrier to entry进入(市场)壁垒Porter’s diamond theory波特的钻石理论National competitive advantage国家竞争优势The department of commerce 商务部Letter of credit信用证Draft /bill of exchange 汇票bill of lading B/L 提单Sight draft即期汇票Time draft 远期汇票Banker ‘s acceptance 银行承兑Trade acceptance商业承兑汇票Countertrade 对等贸易Barter 易货贸易Switch trading 转手贸易Offset 抵消Counter purchase 互购贸易Compensation trade 补偿贸易1.波特钻石理论的主要内容①Factor endowments ②Firm strategy, structure, and rivalry③ Demand conditions ④Relating and supporting industries2.对等贸易的主要类型和优缺点①Types of countertradeCountertrade has evolved into a diverse set of activities that can be categorized as five distinct types of trading arrangements: barter, counter purchase, offset, switch trading, and compensation or buyback②The pros and cons of countertrade优：① The main attraction of countertrade is that it can give a firm a way to finance an export deal when other means are not available.② Thus if a firm is unwilling to enter into a countertrade agreement, it may lose an export opportunity to a competitor that is willing to make a countertrade agreement.缺：① Countertrade contracts may involve the exchange of unusable or poor-quality goods that the firm cannot dispose of profitably② In addition, even if the goods it receives are of high quality, the firm still needs to dispose of them profitably.Unit 3Strategic alliance 战略联盟Licensing 许可证Joint venture 合资经营Contracting 承包经营Partnership 合资人Return on investment 投资回报率Franchising 特许经营Contract manufacturing 生产承包Management contracting 管理承包1.许可贸易的优缺点优：①The basic advantage in licensing as contrasted to other approaches is theease and low cost of entering a foreign market.②Licensing is also advantageous in that it can be used to test a foreignmarket without the risk of capital loss should the market not be receptive to the manufacturer’s product.缺：①The greatest disadvantages to the licensor are that a potential competitoris set up.②There is a lack of control over production and marketing.③There may be incomplete market exploration.Unit 4Foreign direct investment 外国直接投资Small and medium-sized firms 中小企业Horizontal FDI 横向外国直接投资Vertical FDI 纵向外国直接投资Product life cycle 产品生命周期Backward vertical FDI 后移纵向外国直接投资Forward vertical FDI 前移纵向外国直接投资Transportation costs 运输成本Market impediments 市场阻碍Market power 市场力量Oligopoly 寡头垄断Specialized assets 特殊资产1.影响横向对外投资的因素①Transportation costs ②Market imperfections④Following competitors ④The product life cycle2.What are the impediments to the sale of know-how?①Licensing may result in a firm’s giving away its technological know-how to a potential foreign competitor.②Licensing does not give a firm the tight control over manufacturing, marketing, and strategy in a foreign country that may be required to profitably exploit tis advantage in know-how.③A firm’s know-how may not be amenable to licensing.Unit 5Bretton Woods System 布雷顿森林体系Fixed exchange rate 固定汇率制OPEC 石油输出国组织Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries Floating exchange rate regime 浮动汇率制Plaza Accord 和平广场协议Louvre Accord 卢浮宫协议Foreign exchange market 外汇市场European Monetary System 欧洲货币体系EMSExchange Rate Mechanism 汇率机制ERMEuropean Currency Unit欧元 ECUTrade deficit贸易赤字Real interest 实际利息Balance of payment 收支平衡表Forward market 期货市场Swaps 掉期交易1. 布雷顿森林体系/固定汇率制瓦解的主要原因As the only currency that could be converted into gold, and as the currency that served as the reference point for all others①It was financed by an increase in the money supply, which, in turn, led to a rise in price inflation from less than 4percent in 1966 to dose to 9 percent by 1968②The rise in government spending had stimulated the economy③Gave rise to speculation in the foreign exchange market that the dollar would be devalued④Weakening dollars lose its credibility.2. What are the reasons for the unexpected rise in the dollar between 1980 and 1985, and what are the reasons for the rapid fall of the US dollar between 1985 and 1987?The reasons for the unexpected rise in the value of the dollar between 1980 and 1985:①Strong economic growth in the US attracted heavy inflows of capital from foreign investors seeking high returns on capital assets.②High real interest rate attracted foreign investors seeking high vellums on financial assets③Political turmoil in other parts of the world.The reasons for 1985 and 1987：The fall in the value of the dollar between 1985 and 198 was caused by a combination of government intervention and market forces.Unit 6Common law 普通法Code civil law 成文法Roman law 罗马法Industrial property right 工业产权Act of god 不可抗力Element forces of nature 天灾自然因素Arbitration 仲裁Conciliation 调节Litigation 诉讼World court at the Hague 海牙国际法庭Tribunals for arbitration 仲裁庭U.N. convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of ForeignArbitral/Awards 联合国承认和执行外国仲裁裁决公约International Chamber of commerce 国际商会1. What are the differences between two legal systems in solving commercial disputes?①Under common law, commercial disputes are subject to laws which may be applied to either civil or commercial disputes since there is no specific recognition of commercial problems as such.②Code law differs in that there is a separate code specifically designed for business2. What are the procedures used by formal arbitration organizations? The usual arbitration procedure is for the parties involved to select a disinterested and informed party or parties as referee to determine the merits of the case and make a judgment that both parties agree to honor.Unit 7Intellectual property rights 知识产权Trade mark copyright, patents, trade secrets 商标权，版权，专利权，商业秘密Intangible assets, tangible assets 无形资产，有形资产Trademark registration 商标注册Generic terms 通称Infringement 侵权GATT 关贸总协定General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade1. What does intellectual property right consist of?①It consists of the products of individual’s minds—products that result from intellectual, creative processes.②Trademarks, copyrights and patents are all forms of intellectual propertyUnit 8The TRIPS agreement 与贸易有关的知识产权协议Need Hierarchy 需求层次理论Self-reference criterion 自我参考标准The adoption process 接纳过程理论High-context cultures 高背景文化Low-context cultures 低背景文化Poly-chromic time 多元化时间观Mono-chromic time 单一性时间观Perception 观念1. What are the characteristics of culture?①It is not innate, but learned②The various facts of culture are interrelated-touch a culture in one place andeverything else is affected.③It is shared by the members of a group and defines the boundaries betweendifferent groups.2. What are the main contents of Need Hierarchy theory?①Self-actualization ②Esteem ③Social ④Safety ⑤Physiological3. What is the concept of adoption process? How many stages will a person undergo before he can finally purchase a new product?Adoption process─through which an individual passes from the time of his or her first knowledge of an innovation to the time of adopting or purchase of the innovation.These stages are as follows: ①awareness ②interest ③evaluation④trial ⑤adoption4. What are the adopter categories? What is the feature for early adopter?Adopter categories are classifications of individuals within a market on the basis of their innovativeness. They include innovators、early adopters, the early majority, the late majority and laggards.The future for early adopter: They tend to be younger, have higher social status and in a more favorable financial position than later adopter. They must be responsive to mass-media information sources and must learn about innovation form these sourcesbecause they cannot simply copy the behavior of earlier adopters.Unit 9Organizational behavior组织行为学Multinational Corporation 跨国公司Maquiladoras 马基拉朵拉工厂Parochialism 地方主义NAFTA 北美自由贸易协定North American Free Trade AgreementKluckhohn-Strudtbeck framework 克拉克洪─斯托特柏克构架Hofstede framework 霍夫斯诺德构架BRICS 金砖五国巴西俄罗斯印度中国南非APEC 亚太经合组织Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation1. Identify the sic cultural dimensions in the Kluckhohn-strodtbeck framework.①Relationship to the environment ②time orientation③nature of people ④Activity orientation⑤focus of responsibility ⑥conception of space2. Explain the dimensions of national culture in Hofstede framework.①Individualism versus collectivism②power distance③uncertainty avoidance④masculinity versus femininity。
世纪商务英语 阅读教程 专业篇1 第四版
Unit 1auditing 审核、审计facility location 厂址选择auditor 审计人员quality standards 质量标准implement 贯彻custom-designed 定制的registry 注册、登记处international trade 国际贸易warehouse 仓库inventory 存货管理、存货清单ISO 国际标准化组织Internal Audit 内部审查final product 最终成品freight bill 运费单shipping 装运target date 预订日期modular 模块化的Gap Analysis 差距分析certify 保证zero-defect 零瑕疵的registrar 注册人员quality control 质量控制management 管理wholesaler 批发商finished product 成品Unit2product 产品wholesale 批发real estate 房地产intangible product 无形产品development cycle 发展周期service 服务warranty 担保growth cycle 生长周期declining cycle 下降周期marketing strategy 市场策略retail 零售discount 折扣commodity 商品market segment 市场份额non-standard product 非标准产品goods 商品downturn 低迷周期market target 市场目标maturity cycle 成熟周期introduction cycle 引入周期for sale 出售的investment 投资life assurance 人寿保险tangible product 有形产品standard product 标准产品Unit3promotions 促销unit cost 单位成本price elasticity 价格弹性profit-maximization 利润最大化revenue 税收segmentation 市场细分、分割demand curve 需求曲线skim pricing 撇脂定价launch （新产品）投产distribution 分销渠道domestic price 本土价格、国内价格penetration pricing 渗透定价positioning 目标市场定位targeting 目标市场选择gross profit 毛利fixed and variable 固定成本和变动成本costs 花费dumping 倾销current price 市价market share 市场份额pricing 定价sales volume 销售量profit margin 利润率Unit4product 产品manufacturer 制造业者market research 市场调查marketing plan 营销推广计划product marketing 产品推广brand 品牌marketing 市场营销media planning 媒体计划image-building 形象塑造physical evidence 实体坏境people 人员placement 放置target market 目标市场public relations 公共关系distribution channel 配销渠道generic 非商标的advertising 广告、登广告at no cost 免费marketing effort 行销努力process 流程drawback 缺点product pricing 产品定价marketing mix 市场营销推广组合charge 要价junk mail 垃圾邮件sales strategy 推销战略at regular price 按正常价Unit5retailer 零售商allowance 让利trade deal 贸易协定corporate image 企业形象reseller 转卖人stimulate 刺激sales force 销售力量rational appeal 理性诉求lead 线索wholesaler 批发商push money 提成、推销员奖励point of sale 卖点voucher 票券、代金券approach 准备dump bin 垃圾箱promotional mix 营销推广组合leverage 杠杆作用、手段formula 公式trade-in 以旧物换折价换取同类新物的交易continuity program 继续订货prospect 寻找（客户）coupon 息票、赠券deal loader 厂家对零售商的奖励brand equity 品牌价值closing 结束hard-sell 硬销售self-liquidating 自我清偿unit6net净值inventory财产清册current asset流动资产Master Budget总预算cost of goods sold 已售产品成品revenue年收入liquidity流动性expenditure费用finance筹措资金current liabilities ratio流动负债率budget预算creditor债权人financing mix融资组合profitability盈利能力investment decision投资决定debtor借方dividend红利cash dividend现金分红finished goods成品investment proposal投资建议ratio比率overhead营业费用capital project资本项目work-in-progress工作中的进展creation of value资产成本gross总额fixed asset固定资产stock dividend股息分红dept capital债务资金dividend decision股利决策cash现金cash flow现金流量dividend-payout股息分配depreciation折旧investment decision投资决策demand需求shareholder股东opportunity cost机会成本profitability ratio盈利率prospective acquisition预期收益stock 库存allocation配置raw material原材料issued share capital已发行股份资金financing decision融资决策unit7supplier供应厂商partnership合伙企业grocery杂货店articles of partnership合伙企业的章程lease租用license许可；执照entity实体Managing Director总经理Bankruptcy破产Capital资金sole proprietorship独资（经营）asset资产obligation义务transfer转让proprietorship所有权profit利润supervise监督voice发言权general partner普通合伙人risk风险liability责任limited partner有限责任股东health insurance健康保险invest投资fringe benefit额外福利unlimited liability无限责任permit许可证proprietor所有证legal entity法律实体board of director理事会Unit 8equity股东venture企业franchiser特许exclusive right独占权利guaranteed loan保证贷款fund基金exclusive独占的franchisee授权人brand image品牌participation loan组合贷款loan贷款restriction限制provision条款franchise(ing)许可direct loan直接贷款Unit 9L/C信用证coverage 承保范围reimbursement 偿还insurance policy保单insurance declaration 保险申明insure 投保insured被保险人policyholder投保人casualty insurance意外事故保险combined certificate联合凭证B/L提单Premium保险费original policy正本保单disability insurance伤残保险unemployment insurance失业保险policy保险单insure投保beneficiary受益人property insurance财产保险insurance certificate保险凭证heir继承人insurer继承人brokerage经纪业务old-age insurance养老保险open policy/open cover预约保险Unit10arbitration仲裁termination终止executory contract执行合同。
新标准商务英语综合教程 4 Unit 1 (3)
No wonder, then, that the boards of Mitsukoshi and Isetan, the country’s fourth- and fifth-largest department store
chains, laid plans for a merger that would create the country’s biggest retail group, with $14 billion in annual sales. The deal is
Prices of every purchase are added up automatically. When she has finished shopping, the customer hands her card to a cashier who 4 ___ it to the register. A second later the total pops out. Shop lifting is physically impossible.
One man is enough to keep the vending machines filled, because if the stock for a certain commodity is 7 ___ to run out, a red lamp in the computer room 8 ___ him or her. But there are disadvantages too: a customer cannot change his or her mind 9 ___ a purchase. Once 10 ___ , the item cannot be put back. The customer must go through a cashier with it first and get a refund later. There are also no fresh vegetables or fish on sale—everything is prepackaged.
商务英语综合教程4 Unit1
Oxford:
the main ways that large numbers of people receive information and entertainment, that is television, radio, newspapers and the Internet.
Wikipedia:
magazine newspaper
Published media any media made availabe to the public
Social media media disseminated through social interaction
RenRen, facebook, twitter
Recently a complaint posted on Sina weibo, a popular micro-blogging website in China, about a Sanya seafood restaurant overcharging tourists has triggered controversy among Web users. How does micro-blogging affect the society in terms of the freedom of information? How is it different from the traditional media?
商务英语阅读课后习题答案-chapter
Chapter 1二、短语翻译。
英翻汉Sluggish economy 萧条的经济Full employment 充分就业Trade deficit 贸易赤字in-depth analysis 深入的分析Industrialized countries 工业化free-trade agreement 自由贸易协定international specialization国际专业化product differentiation 产品差别trade surplus 贸易盈余determinative factor 决定性因素三、汉翻英经济双赢economic win-win 关税壁垒tariff barrier收入不平等wage inequality 劳动生产率labor productivity解雇工人lay off works 生产要素factor of production双边协议bilateral deal 回归分析regression analysis市场准入market access 世界经济复world economic recovery四. Translation1. The monitoring system will finally substitute the US Government’s cap on cigar imports from Cuba.2. The quarrel between Mexico and the US will be no avail and it may disrupt the lifting of the agricultural tariffs under the North American Free Trade Agreement.3. An economic cooperation business forum, which will discusshow to minimize the negative impact of global economic imbalance adjustment on China, will take place shortly before the ministerial conference.4. Few Americans attribute this to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or business cycle.5. Recent research has shed light on the fact that there are heavy financial and political costs associated with the measures necessary to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases.6. There are rumors that the government struck a private deal with the corporation’s chairman last month.7. The opposition is exerting pressure on the US government to change the policy towards textile imports.8. Since the establishment of the bilateral free-trade agreement, the emerging economy has always been at the forefront of science and technology.9. In general, floating exchange rates are supposed to insulate countries from persistent differences in inflation with their trading partners.10. According to conservative estimates, by 2010, China’s import and export volume with North America and the EU would surpass $400 billion respectively, with ten ASEAN countries exceeding $200 billion.五、完形填空1.manufacturingpetitive3.deficit4.budget5.expanding6.recovery7.revival8.emerging9.innovation 10.propertyChapter2二、consumer-goods 消费品discount retailers折扣零售商brand equity 品牌资产价值advertising budget 广告预算real-time sales data 实时销售数据sales promotion促销profit margin 盈利scanner data扫描数据三、汉翻英价格溢价price premium 基线销售base-line sales减价price reductions 广告支出advertising spending营销组合marketing mix 销量溢价quantity premium产品数量（种类）product-line variety 美元分配allocation of dollars四. 翻译1. The government has allocated $ 0.1billion to the development and utilization of renewable energy in the rural areas.2. We should not develop the Western region at the expense of environment. Therefore the government has been following a sustainable development road attaching equal importance toeconomic development and environment protection.3. As a big responsible nation, China will strictly be abide by the WTO rules and honor its commitments.4. The rapid growth in China’s grain production can be ascribed to the fact that the Chinese government has implemented a series of reform policy and measures in the rural areas, such as raising the prices of grain purchased by the state.5. In the globalization era, not all countries play on the level playground. Some developing countries have to adhere to some marketing principles, or even accede to the requests of some governments.6. Over the past year, the global investment demand was on the wane; the major world currencies suffered swift turbulence and some emerging markets underwent severe financial crisis.7. Networks fundamentally alter the nature of competition and level the playing field, especially for smaller business regardless of the barriers like time and distance.8. Through micro credit projects, with the credit available on demand, farmers are able to pay back both the principle and interest in time.9. China’s vigorous economic development is indicative of the fact that China has become one of the countries that enjoy the highesteconomic growth speed in the world.10. With the reform of the wholly state-owned commercial banks, when some qualified commercial banks seek listing in the stock market, others certainly will follow suit.五、完形填空1.blame2.damaged3.short-term4.building5.profiability6.arm7.boosts8.orientation9.moreover 10.loweringChapter3二. Privileged minority 享有特权的少数人Gas station加油站Marketing research 市场调查Professional competence 专业技能A sales point 卖点Product design 产品设计Potential consumer潜在顾客Business disaster 商业灾难三、汉翻英日常生活daily life 广告活动advertising campaigns物理特征physical characteristic 视觉想象visual imagination国媒体national media 销售增长sales increase销售渠道distribution system产品到导向型的广告product-orientated advertising四. 翻译1. Experts have attributed the main cause of the company’s poor performance to its poor HR functions, especially the appointmentof the senior management.2. British Airways intends to create a more flexible and modern corporate culture through the relocation3. Rumors about redundancy make the company at its worst in terms of morale ever since its foundation.4. After financial scandals, many companies can only resort to charity activities to improve their corporate image.5. Politicians should not engage in business affairs that might affect their political judgment.6. As a sleeping partner of the enterprise, he is entitled to share the profits, but is deprived of participating in its management.7. After watching this interview, she realizes how difficult it is to be a venture capitalist. For one thing, you need to have the money; for another, you need to have the insight to pick the right(promising) start-ups.8. T o enter a specific market, in addition to acquiring sufficient knowledge about our target customers, we also need to know about the local policies and abide by them.9. With the efforts of these university students, it was brought to light that this world-famous multinational had established some sweat factories in China.10. In a time when customers change constantly and rapidly intheir needs, only companies who are quick to respond can survive and succeed in the end.五、完形填空1.sincere2.privileged3.led4.constitutes5.intellectual6.resort7.instead8.reduce9.clients 10.divertChapter4三. Phrase Translation1. 人口流动2. 供应商网络3.标准零配件4. 特殊制造技术3.互补经济体 6.反日情绪7. 外方合作人, 外国附属公司8.上市企业并购mergers and acquisition海外扩overseas expansion全球化战略globalization strategy保护主义措施protectionist measures市场准入access to market知识产权intellectual property right贸易伙伴trading partners资本投入capital investment四. 翻译1. Vendors now offer systems that work only with their hardware, but they are trying to make their equipment integrate with other’s hardware.2. Agricultural exports, by contrast, respond immediately, growing at an annual rate of 17.7 percent in 1980 and 1981.3. This book takes a strategic view of business and develops the ability to take a multidisciplinary approach to managing a business and resolving problems and issues.4. Thanks to the recession and 9/11, Mayor Michael Bloomberg must contend with a whopping budget deficit projected to 60 billion.5. Dispose of batteries properly. Do not throw them into fire or expose to high temperature.6. In the future, in addition to syndicating our groups’ efforts, we will ally with foreign companies to leverage advantages and enhance global competitiveness.7. We are certain that in due course of time, the economic reforms will have brought about results and benefits that will go beyond China’s boundaries.8. One of the major banks has lowered its interest rate and the other bank is expected to follow suit.9. During these quarterly meetings, it’s the boss’s responsibility to respond to each manager’s plan.10. We will put in place a new order of the socialist market economy through completing the market system and rectifying and regulating the market behavior.五、完形填空1. ambivalent,2.integration3. hindered4. from5. by.6. shortage,7. options8. acquisitions9. strategy 10. allianceChapte r 5三、汉翻英上市公司对…随时留意, 小心提防会计师事务所国外子公司经济规划的持观望态度(财务)调帐报告业绩评定指标/方法Generally accepted accounting principles revenue recognitionIncome statement earnings per share Managing director credit-rating agenciesFinance chiefs/executives institutionalinvestors四. 翻译1. Escal ating costs have almost wiped out the company’s profits from last year.2. This area is studded with bars all vying for customer attention. But it’s not easy to pin down what exactly it is that pleases customers the most.3. The project team decided to adhere to its original plan despite the appalling weather.4. At the press conference, the PR manager reiterated that the company’s operation has returned to normal. However, many private shareholders remain skeptical about such claims.5. The new labor law, which took effect last year, is likely to raise the labor cost of a considered number of enterprises6. The less senior employees are reluctant to express their views or make any suggestions because they don’t think their ideas will really be put into practice.7. Local relief organizations have also embarked on fund-raising campaigns so as to provide more financial support for the earthquake victims.8. Up to 30 companies submitted their request for price rises, but most of them didn’t stand a chance of getting approval from theregulatory agency.9. The decision-makers seem to have already given up on the reform program though its initiators are still trying hard to elicit support from other stakeholders.10. The new model, which has just been released onto the market recently, is being touted as the most energy-efficient and environmentally-friendly product of its kind.五、完形填空1. toll2.leveraged3. grips4. shaping5.counterpart6. joint7.potential8. with9.light 10. transparent 11. responses 12. onChapter 8三、汉翻英公司未来愿景消减成本利用资源投资组合untapped niches 尚未被竞争者发现的市场机会convenience stores 便利店market segments 市场细分premium brand 高端品牌实施战略execute strategy竞争优势competitive advantage实证研究empirical studies核心品牌core brand分销系统distribution system控股公司 a holding company文化冲突culture clashes股东财富shareholders wealth四. 翻译1. The management believes that its existing manufacturing and marketing expertise can be leveraged with the new business.2. Jack Welch, General Electric chairman, was universally acclaimed as one of the most successful manager in the 20th century.3. The Japanese company is unanimous in its support of divestiture since the acquired business unit is destroying the corporate value.4. This study reveals several fault lines that companies frequently encounter as they execute their corporate strategy.5. Problems arose at the very outset when Anheuser Busch acquired Eagle Snacks.6. AT&T put up with losses in NCR almost from the start, butcontinued to subsidize it.7. Mattel expected to derive above-average profitability from the acquisition of The Learning Company.8. We must bear in mind that a corporate strategy must be constantly evaluated and divestiture decisions made before it is too late.9. AT&T realized that telecom equipment is not identical to computer technologies.10. We can’t view the fai lure of the acquisition strategy in isolation. It’s the result of a combination of several factors, rather than unidimensional.五、完形填空1.acquisitions .2.executing3.divestiture4.at5. on6.plunged7.that8.synergies9.core 10.premium。
05844国际商务英语国际商务英语商务术语总结
05844国际商务英语国际商务英语商务术语总结05844国际商务英语国际商务英语商务术语总结Lesson11.Customsarea关税区:2.Conversion货币兑换3.Visibletrade有形贸易: The form of modity trade,i.e.exportingand importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another.(including cash transaction-by means of money and market, and counter trade) 4.Invisibletrade无形贸易: The form of transportation, munication, banking,insurance, consulting, information etc.is called invisible trade or service industries.5.FDI外国直接投资:Foreign direct investments.Returnsthrough controlling the enterprises or assetsinvested in a host country./P.256.Onecountry acquires assets in a foreign country for the purpose of controlling and managing them.6.Portfolioinvestment证券投资: Purchases of foreign financial assets fora purpose other than controlling.7.Stocks股票:Capital stocks or bonds.8.Bonds债券:The papers issued by a government or a firm with promise to pay back the money lent or invested together with interest.9.Maturity（票据等）到期10.Certificateof deposit大额存单11.Licensing许可经营:In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country.They choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to stat business, and can simply receive ine in the form of royalty.12.Franchising特许经营:Under franchising, franchisee is allowed to operatein the name of another, franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos and operating techniques for royalty.13.TradeMark商标14.Patent专利15.Royalty专利（许可）使用费，版税16.Copyright版权17.Licenser许可方18.Licensee被许可方19.Franchiser特许方:A firm who provides the franchisee with trademarks, brand ,names, logos and operating techniques for royalty.20.Franchisee被特许方:A firm is allowed to operate in the name of another.21.Managementcontract管理合同: Under a management contract, one panyoffers managerial or other specialized services to another within a particular period for a flat payment ora percentage of the relevant business volume.22.Valuechain价值链23.Turnkey project“交钥匙”工程: For aninternational turnkey project, a firm signs a contractwith a foreign purchaser and undertakes all the designing, contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon pletion.24.建设、经营和移交:Build,Operate, Transfer25.Expertise专门知识26.Bonus红利、奖金、津贴27.Royalty 许可使用费28.Internationalinvestment国际投资: Supplying capital by residents of one country to another.29.Contractmanufacturing承包生产 30.GATT关贸总协定:General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade31.Internationalbusiness国际商务: Transaction between parties from different countries.Sometimesbusiness across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export.32.Intellectual property知识产权 33.Oildeposit: 石油储备 =oil reserves 34.thereserves of natural resources 自然资源储备35.Personaladvancement个人的晋升，个人素质的提高以及个人事业的进步等。
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Data
Time 3*90’
Objectives Focus 1.1 Importance of data in foreign trade 1.2 Classifying charts 1.3 Language focus in data expression Sum-up Assignment
• Exercise 2
– Pick out one of your favorite countries in the table and introduce its trade relation with U.S. to your classmate. You may find more materials such as major export or import products, changes in trade positions, trade policies and so on.
Content
1.3. Language focus in data expression
• Words showing the direction of motion helps us
describe the trend of data – rise, climb, move up --– drop, down, dive ---
Content
• Read “top 10
trading partners of the U.S.”
• Exercise 1.
– categorize the 10 countries in the next table
Country
Exports Imports Total Trade Trade Balance
comparisons among categories
Content
• Identify the type of each chart
• Discussion
– Discuss with your partner what features each type of charts has
– When and where are you going to use each chart?
– Line chart
• displays information as a series of data points
called 'markers' connected by straight line segments – Bar chart
• uses either horizontal or vertical bars to show
Objectives When the learners finish learning this unit,
they should be able to
• describe charts in English • express data in your oral or written
presentations
Content
Exercise 1
Read the following paragraph and try to rewrite it
without using the data.
• Wang Tao, chief China economist with UBS AG,
said on Monday that China's economic growth may fall to 6.8 percent in 2015, mainly dragged by continuous recession in property market. With a prediction for a GDP growth in the third quarter at 7.1 percent 6.9 percent in fourth quarter, Wang said this year's final GDP growth will be at 7.2 percent.
-0.1
South Korea Brazil
42.3 58.9 101.2 43.7 32.1 75.8
-16.6 11.6
Saudi Arabia
13.8 55.7 73.8
-37.6
France
30.8 41.6 72.4
-10.8
Content
Close to U.S.
Байду номын сангаас
Traditional Partners
Exercise 2
Compare your version with the original one. Which
is more effective? Why?
Content
1.2 Classifying charts
• What is chart?
– Difference between chart, table and figure
Canada
292.9 324.2 616.7
-31.8
China
110.6 425.6 536.2
-315
Mexico
216.3 277.7 494
-61.4
Japan
70
146.4 216.4
-76.4
Germany
48.8 108.5 157.3
-59.7
United Kingdom 54.8 54.9 109.8
• List more words with the similar effects
Content
• Read “Developing Countries
Changing the World of Trade” and find the verbs showing the trend of data as many as possible.
• Why do we use chart instead of
table and words? – Clear, direct and explicit
Content
• Three major types of charts
– Pie chart
• shows percentage values as a slice of a pie
Emerging Economies
Suggested answer
Geographically close to U.S.
Canada Mexico
Traditional Partners
Japan Germany U.K. France
Emerging Economies
China Korea Brazil Saudi Arabia