第02章 古典贸易理论(英文习题)

第2章 古典贸易理论 英文习题
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CHOICE QUESTIONS

（ ）1.The mercantilists （n. 重商主义）would have objected to（反对）:
a. Export promotion policies （出口促进政策） initiated （v. 发起） by the government
b. The use of tariffs （n. 关税）or quotas （n. 配额） to restrict imports
c. Trade policies designed to accumulate （v. 积累） gold and other precious metals
（贵金属）

d. International trade based on open markets
（自由市场）

（ ）2. Unlike the mercantilists, Adam Smith maintained（v. 主张，坚称） that:
a. Trade benefits one nation only at the expense of （在损失…的情况下） another nation
b. Government control of trade leads to maximum （adj. 最大值的，最大量的）economic welfare
（经济福利）

c. All nations can gain from free international trade
d. The world’s output of goods must remain constant （adj. 不变的） over time
（ ）3. The trading principle formulated （v. 明确表达） by Adam Smith maintained （v. 主张，坚称） that:
a. International prices are determined from the demand side of the market
b. Differences in resource endowments （资源禀赋） determine comparative advantage
c. Differences in income levels govern world trade patterns
d. Absolute cost differences （成本差异） determine the immediate basis for trade
（ ）4. Assume that labor is the only factor of production （生产要素） and that wages in the United States
equal $20 per hour while wages in the United Kingdom equal $10 per hour. Production costs would
be lower in the United States than the United Kingdom if:
a. U.S. labor productivity equaled 40 units per hour while U.K. labor productivity equaled 15 units per hour
b. U.S. labor productivity equaled 30 units per hour while U.K. labor productivity equaled 20 units per hour
c. U.S. labor productivity equaled 20 units per hour while U.K. labor productivity equaled 30 units per hour
d. U.S. labor productivity equaled 15 units per hour while U.K. labor productivity equaled 25 units per hour
（ ）5. Concerning （prep. 关于，就…而论） international trade restrictions （n. 限制）, which of the following
is false? Trade restrictions:
a. Limit specialization （专业化） and the division of labor
（劳动分工）

b. Reduce the volume of trade （贸易量） and the gains from trade
（贸易所得）

c. Cause nations to produce inside their production possibilities curves
（生产可能性曲线，PPC）

d. May result in a country producing some of the product of its comparative disadvantage

（ ）6. In a two-country, two-product world, the statement “Japan enjoys a comparative advantage over
France in steel relative to bicycles” is equivalent to （相当于）:
a. France having a comparative advantage （比较优势） over Japan in bicycles relative to steel
b. France having a comparative disadvantage e（比较劣势） over Japan in bicycles relative to steel
c. Japan having a comparative advantage over France in steel and bicycles
第2章 古典贸易理论 英文习题
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d. Japan having a comparative disadvantage against Japan in bicycles and steel
（ ）7. In the absence of trade, a nation is in equilibrium （n. 均衡） where a community indifference curve
（社会无差异曲线， CIC）
:
a. Lies above its production possibilities curve
b. Is tangent （adj. 正切的； 相切的） to its production possibilities curv
e
（生产可能性曲线， PPC）

c. Intersects （v. 相交，交叉） its production possibilities curve
d. Lies below its production possibilities curve
（ ）8. The gains from international trade increase as:
a. A nation consumes inside of its production possibilities schedule
b. A nation consumes along （prep. 沿着） its production possibilities schedule
c. The international terms of trade rises above the nation’s autarky （n. 自给自足） price
d. The international terms of trade approaches （v. 接近，靠近） the nation’s autarky price
（ ）9. “The equilibrium relative commodity price at which trade takes place is determined by the
conditions of demand and supply for each commodity in both nations. Other things being equal, the
nation with the more intense （adj. 强烈的） demand for the other nation’s exported good will gain
less from trade than the nation with the less intense demand.” This statement was first proposed
（v.

提出）
by:
a. Alfred Marshall with offer curve （提供曲线） analysis
b. John Stuart Mill with the theory of reciprocal demand
（相互需求理论）

c. Adam Smith with the theory of absolute advantage
d. David Ricardo with the theory of comparative advantage
（ ）10. Given a two-country and two-product world, the United States would enjoy all the attainable
（adj.

可得到的）
gains from free trade with Canada if it:
a. Trades at the U.S. rate of transformation
b. Trades at the Canadian rate of transformation
c. Specializes completely （完全专业化） in the production of both goods
d. Specializes partially （部分专业化） in the production of both goods
（ ）11. A rise in the price of imports or a fall in the price of exports will:
a. Improve （v. 改善） the terms of trade （贸易条件，TOT）
b. Worsen （v. 恶化） the terms of trade
c. Expand the production possibilities curve
（生产可能性曲线）

d. Contract （v. 收缩） the production possibilities curve

TRUE-FALSE QUESTIONS