新建科技英语阅读与翻译

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科技英语原文及简单翻译

科技英语原文及简单翻译How ASIMO WorksIntroduction to How ASIMO WorksWant a robot to cook your dinner, do your homework, clean your house, or get your groceries? Robots already do a lot of the jobs that we humans don't want to do, can't do, or simply can't do as well as our robotic counterparts.Honda engineers have been busy creating the ASIMO robot for more than 20 years. In this article, we'll find out what makes ASIMO the most advanced humanoid robot to date.The Honda Motor Company developed ASIMO, which stands for Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility, and is the most advanced humanoid robot in the world. According to the ASIMO Web site, ASIMO is the first humanoid robot in the world that can walk independently and climb stairs.Rather than building a robot that would be another toy, Honda wanted to create a robot that would be a helper for people -- a robot to help around the house, help the elderly, or help someone confined to a wheelchair or bed. ASIMO is 4 feet 3 inches (1.3 meters) high, This allows ASIMO to do the jobs it was created to do without being too big and menacing.ASIMO's Motion: Walk Like a HumanHonda researchers began by studying the legs of insects, mammals, and the motion of a mountain climber with prosthetic legs to better understand the physiology and all of the things that take place when we walk -- particularly in the joints. For example, the fact that we shift our weight using our bodies and especially our arms inorder to balance was very important in getting ASIMO's walking mechanism right. The fact that we have toes that help with our balance was also taken intoconsideration: ASIMO actually has soft projections on its feet that play a similar role to the one our toes play when we walk. This soft material also absorbs impact on the joints, just as our soft tissues do when we walk.ASIMO has hip, knee, and foot joints. Robots have joints that researchers refer to as \degrees of freedom.\A single degree of freedom allows movement either right and left or up and down. ASIMO has 34 degrees of freedom spread over different points of its body in order to allow it to move freely. There are three degrees of freedom in ASIMO's neck, seven on each arm and six on each leg. The number of degrees offreedom necessary for ASIMO's legs was decided by measuring human joint movement while walking on flat ground, climbing stairs and running.ASIMO also has a speed sensor and a gyroscope sensor mounted on its body. They perform the tasks of:? ?sensing the position of ASIMO's body and the speed at which it is moving relaying adjustments for balance to the central computer These sensors work similarly to our inner ears in the way they maintain balance and orientation.ASIMO also has floor surface sensors in its feet and six ultrasonic sensors in its midsection. These sensors enhance ASIMO's ability to interact with its environment by detecting objects around ASIMO and comparing gathered information with maps of the area stored in ASIMO's memory.To accomplish the job our muscles and skin do in sensing muscle power, pressure and joint angles, ASIMO has both joint-angle sensors and a six-axis force sensor.Unless you know a lot about robotics, you may not fully grasp the incredible milestone it is that ASIMO walks as we do. The most significant part of ASIMO's walk is the turning capabilities. Rather than having to stop and shuffle, stop and shuffle, and stop and shuffle into a new direction, ASIMO leans and smoothly turns just like a human. ASIMO can also self-adjust its steps in case it stumbles, is pushed, or otherwise encounters something that alters normal walking.In order to accomplish this, ASIMO's engineers had to find a way to work with the inertial forces created when walking. For example, the earth's gravity creates a force, as does the speed at which you walk. Those two forces are called the \inertial force.\ground, called the \posture has to work to make it happen. This is called the \zero moment point\(ZMP). To control ASIMO's posture, engineers worked on three areas of control:? ?Floor reaction control means that the soles of the feet absorb floor unevenness while still maintaining a firm stance.Target ZMP control means that when ASIMO can't stand firmly and its body begins to fall forward, it maintains position by moving its upper body in the direction opposite the impending fall. At the same time, it speeds up its walking to quickly counterbalance the fall.?Foot-planting location control kicks in when the target ZMP control has been activated. It adjusts the length of the step to regain the right relationship between the position and speed of the body and the length of the step.ASIMO's Motion: Smooth MovesASIMO can sense falling movements and react to them quickly; but ASIMO's engineers wanted more. They wanted the robot to have a smooth gait as well as do something that other robots can't do -- turn without stopping.When we walk around corners, we shift our center of gravity into the turn. ASIMO uses a technology called \predictive movement control,\Intelligent Real-Time Flexible Walking Technology or I-Walk, to accomplish that same thing. ASIMO predicts how much it should shift its center of gravity to the inside of the turn and how long that shift should be maintained. Because this technolgy works in real time, ASIMO can do this without stopping between steps, which other robots must do.Essentially, with every step ASIMO takes, it has to determine its inertia and then predict how its weight needs to be shifted for the next step in order to walk and turn smoothly. It adjusts any of the following factors in order to maintain the right position:? ? ? ?the length of its steps its body position its speedthe direction in which it is steppingWhile reproducing a human-like walk is an amazing achievement, ASIMO can now run at speeds up to 3.7 miles per hour (6 kilometers per hour). In order to qualify as a true running robot, ASIMO must have both feet off the ground for an instant in each step. ASIMO manages to be airborne for .08 seconds with each step while running. Honda engineers encountered an entirely new set of challenges while trying to give ASIMO the ability to run. They gave ASIMO’s torso a degree of freedom to aid in bending and twisting so that the robot could adjust its posture while airborne. Without this ability, ASIMOwould lose control while airborne, possibly spinning in the air or tripping when landing.In order to make turns smoothly while running, the engineers enhanced ASIMO's ability to tilt its center of gravity inside turns to maintain balance and counteractcentrifugal force. ASIMO could even anticipate turns and begin to lean into them before starting the turn, much like you would if you were skiing or skating.ASIMO如何工作介绍如何工作。

《新编科技英语阅读教程》答案

《新编科技英语阅读教程》答案5)Keys to ExercisesChapter One Space ExplorationUnit 1 The Benefits of Space Exploration◆Check Your Understanding1. 1) F 2) T 3) F 4) T 5) F2. 1) D 2) C 3) A 4) D 5) B3. 1) spacecraft and satellites 2) curiosity 3) satellite communication4) asteroids the mechanical robot arm◆Language Focus1. 1) substantially 2) predestination 3) obliteration4) horizontal5) forecasted 6) catastrophe 7) huge 8) gleanings9) alloyed 10) implanted2. 1) D 2) A 3) C 4) D 5) B 6) A 7) D 8) C 9) A 10) B3.1) 有想法很重要，因为有了想法就可以在此基础上取得更大成就，并且所取得的成就可以成为里程碑，指引后来者。

2)这一串串想法使人类摆脱了地球引力的束缚。

借助天文望远镜，人类想解释为什么会有宇宙、行星、太阳、月亮，直至为什么会有人类。

3)在太空探索中，人类又有了新的收获，找到了一条开发新能源的线索，这种能源人类从未使用过。

4)卫星网络能给人们提供全球卫星导航系统服务，使基于卫星的互联网和电话成为可能。

5)在太空站和航天飞机的实验中，宇航员已经制造出只能在太空环境中制造的微型电子元件。

Unit 2 The Future of Space Age◆Check Your Understanding1. 1) B 2) D 3) C 4) D 5) A2. 1) Y 2) NG 3) Y 4) N 5) N◆Language Focus1. 1) D 2) D 3) A 4) B 5) C 6) C 7) B 8) A2. 1) evacuated 2) envisaged 3) alienation 4) elastically5) vulnerability 6) conceivable 7) inelegance 8) diminishingChapter Two Environmental ProtectionUnit 1 Water Contamination◆Check Your Understanding1. 1) F 2) F 3) T 4) T 5) F2. 1) B 2) D 3) A 4) C 5) C3. 1) unmonitored and unregulated 2) the West 3) the homeowner4) arsenic5)bigger◆Language Focus1. 1) excessively 2) agricultural 3) impede 4) acute 5) feuded6) misconception 7) inconstant 8) prevalent 9) congregation 10) contaminants2. 1) A 2) C 3) C 4) D 5) D 6) B 7) C 8) A 9) A 10) B3.1) 地理学家发现，在未经过处理的淡水中，13%会至少有一种微量元素的浓度超出国家健康监管标准。

科技英语阅读翻译

1all elements are composed of scattered units called atoms,which are the smallest particles than show the characteristics of the element. atoms are tiny units of matter composed of positively charged protons, negatively charged elements ,and electrically neutral neutrons. protons and neutrons, which have almost the same mass,are clustered in the nucleus in the middle of the atom. electrons,which are tiny in comparison to the other units, move around the nucleus at high speed. atoms that have the same number of electrons and protons are electrically neutral. those that have got or lost electrons,and therefor are positively or negatively charged, are called ions.所有的元素都称为原子的散射单元，这是比显示的元件的特性的最小的颗粒组成。

原子是微小单位的物质组成的带正电的质子，带负电荷的元件和电中性的中子。

质子和中子，它们具有几乎相同的质量，聚集在细胞核内的原子在中间。

的电子，这在其他单位相比是微小的，围绕原子核高速移动。

具有相同的电子和质子数的原子是电中性的。

科技英语阅读与翻译全文

科技英语阅读与翻译全文Humanitarian Aid in SpaceSpace exploration technology will benefit developing countries in a variety of ways. Whether it's information about climate change or communication technologies that give remote areas access to the world outside, space science can come to the aid of vulnerable people in many countries.For the past two decades, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) has been sending humanitarian aid dispatched from its space platform. This ambitious project has proved successful, and it’s been praised for its achievements in various aspects.The two strategic areas set forth for JAXA’s humanitarian aid effort are science and education. JAXA’s donations of books and puzzle sets are enabling elementary and junior high school kids in India to study science and math. There are plans to utilize remote sensing data to map out natural resources in Nepalese countryside and expand education related to environmental issues in Vietnam. In addition the agency is sending educational videos to the island nation of Palau tobetter understand their own local wildlife.JAXA is considered to be a pioneer in this area since the launch of their humanitarian aid initiative in 1997. The organization strives to make use of space applications for social welfare and reduce disparities in the world through a number of practical endeavors. The effort currently has a global reach, with projects taking place in seven continent, from Latin America to Africa.JAXA’s humanitarian aid programs will continue to grow with better technology and increased resources. The ongoing work reinforces the concept that space science and technology have the potential to contribute to enhancing the lives of people on Earth.人道主义援助在太空太空探索技术将在各个方面受益于发展中国家。

《科技英语文献阅读与翻译》Unit-1-TextA

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Unit One
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约翰·冯·诺依曼 (1903-1957)
匈牙利裔美国数学家, 普林斯顿大学和普林斯顿高等研究所教授,曾任研制原子弹的顾问，并参加研制计算机,被称为计算机之父,1954年成为美国原子能委员会委员.作为二十世纪最杰出的数学家之一, 他在数理逻辑, 测度论, 格论和连续几何学方面都有开创性的成果;在博弈论和控制论,力学,经济学和计算机研制等领域做出了杰出的贡献. 他同莫根·施特恩合作，写出《博弈论和经济行为》(Theory of Games and Economic Behavior, 1947)一书，这是博弈论
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it One
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博弈论
博弈论有时也称为对策论是应用数学的一个分支, 是研究具有斗争或竞争性质现象的数学理论和方法,也是运筹学的一个重要学科。目前在社会学,生物学，经济学，国际关系，计算机科学, 政治学，军事战略和其他很多学科都有广泛的应用。
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Unit One
Princeton has traditionally focused on undergraduate education and academic research, it now offers a large number of top-rated professional Master's degrees and PhD programs in a range of subjects.
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Princeton
Princeton is a city in Green Lake County, NJ, United States.
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科技英语阅读翻译精编WORD版

科技英语阅读翻译精编W O R D版IBM system office room 【A0816H-A0912AAAHH-GX8Q8-GNTHHJ8】ⅢT r a n s l a t e t h e f o l l o w i n g s e n t e n c e s i n t o C h i n e s e(20%)（1）He is best known for coining the term fractal to describe phenomena (such as? coastlines, snowflakes, mountains and trees) whose patterns repeat themselves at smaller and smaller scales. (2) To explain these puzzling findings, some scientists have revi ved an old idea of Einstein’s that had been discarded as false: that the vacuum of space has energy in it that acts repulsively and accelerates the expansion of the universe.(3) New language that seemed to assert Facebook’s “irrevocable” right to retain and use a member’s personal information, even after the member had closed his or her Facebook account, deserved a little more editing.(4) The tenor of our time appears to regard history as having ended, with pronouncements from many techno-pundits claiming that the Internet is revolutionary and changes everything.(5) As a by-product of an industry that exists all over the world-the stalks that remain after grain has been harvested-straw also helpfully soaks up carbon from the atmosphere and locks it in, so long as it is not allowed to decompose.Ⅲ Translate the following sentences into Chinese（20%）（1）The problem in the paradox, he reasoned, is that we are confusing a description of sets of numbers with a description of sets of sets of numbers.（2）Now the cosmological constant is one of the leading theories of why the universe is blowing up like a balloon at ever-increasing speed.（3）That’s not because Facebook is hell-bent on stripping away privacy protections, but because the popularity of Facebook and other social networking sites has promoted the sharing of all things personal, dissolving the line that separates the private from the public.（4）Although it’s unclear if the capacity for remote operation will justify the QB’s US$15,000 price tag, Anybots believes its technology will appeal to a new generation of workers who expect to be in contact at all times and in all places.（5）As a by-product of an industry that exists all over the world-the stalks that remain after grain has been harvested-straw also helpfully soaks up carbon from the atmosphere and locks it in, so long as it is not allowed to decompose.Ⅲ Translate the following sentences into Chinese (20%)（1）But Russell ( and independently, Ernst Zermelo ) noticed that x = {a: a is not in a} leads to a contradiction in the same way as the description of the collection of barbers.（2）An analogy is the siren of an ambulance that changes pitch as it moves toward you, then passes you and heads the other way — its waves are first compressed, then stretched.（3）It’s the older members — those who could join only after it opened membership in 2006 to workplace networks, then to anyone — who are adjusting to a new value system that prizes self-expression over reticence.（4）Although it’s unclear if the capacity for remote operation will justify the QB’s US$15,000 price tag, Anybots believes its technology will appeal to a new generation of workers who expect to be in contact at all times and in all places.（5）No matter how stylishly modern and environmentally friendly straw-bale house may look, however, you still want to know that it won’t get sopping wet in a thunderstorm or go up in a whoosh of flames if you knock over a candle.Ⅲ Translate the following sentenc es into Chinese (20%)（1）For example, we can describe the collection of numbers 4, 5 and 6 by saying that x is the collection of integers, represented by n, which are greater than 3 and less than 7.（2）Dark energy is the name given to an unexplained force that is drawing galaxies away from each other, against the pull of gravity, at an accelerated pace.（3）Among members, a Law of Amiable Inclusiveness seems to be revealing itself: over time, many are deciding that the easiest path is to routinely accept “friend requests”, completing a sequence begun when one member seeks to designate another as a Facebook friend.（4）The area between the QB’s head and base consists of a length of telescoping plastic that can be adjusted to let the QB stand as tall as 175 centimeters or as short as 81 centimeters.（5）After waiting another 45 minutes and finding that the panel still hadn’t failed, the team gave up and stopped the experiment, secure in the knowledge that the material had performed beyond the requirements of building regulations.Part III. Translate the following sentences into Chinese (20%)1. This system served as vehicle for the first formalizations of the foundations of mathematics; it is still used in some philosophical investigations and in branches of computer science.2. That’s not because Facebook is hell-bent on stripping away privacy protections, but because thepopularity of Facebook and other social networking sites has promoted the sharing of all things personal, dissolving the line that separates the private from the public.3. No matter how stylishly modern and environmentally friendly straw-bale house may look,however, you still want to know that it won't get sopping wet in a thunderstorm or go up in a whoosh of flames if you knock over a candle.??4. The premise on which the technology is based is that genetic information[1], encoded by DNAand arranged in the form of genes, is a resource that can be manipulated in various ways toachieve certain goals in both pure and applied science and medicine.5. Many people are working towards trying to make cities more sustainable. A sustainable city offersa good quality of life to current residents but doesn’t reduce the opportunities for future residents to enjoy.Part III. Translate the following sentences into Chinese (20%)1. This system served as vehicle for the first formalizations of the foundations of mathematics; it is still used in some philosophical investigations and in branches of computer science.2. Dark energy is the name given to an unexplained force that is drawing galaxies[1] away from each other, against the pull of gravity, at an accelerated pace.3. When the distinction blurs between one’s few close friends and the many who are not, it seems pointless to distinguish between private and public.???????????????????????????????????????????????? ??4. No matter how stylishly modern and environmentally friendly straw-bale house may look, however, you still want to know that it won't get sopping wet in a thunderstorm or go up in a whoosh of flames if you knock over a candle.5.? Engineers in the future will work at the extremes of very large and very small systems that require greater knowledge and coordination of multidisciplinary and multi-scale engineering across greater distances and timeframesPart III. Translate the following sentences into Chinese（20%）1. To explain the puzzling findings, some scientists have received an old idea of Einstein’s that hadbeen discarded as false: that the vacuum of space has energy in it that acts repulsively andaccelerates the expansion of the universe.2. Telecommuting workers and traveling executives alike could use QB( so named because it is thene xt in line after the company’s prototype QA bot ) as a virtual extension of themselves,allowing them to attend meetings, tour facilities or perform walk-throughs of real estate properties, all while controlling the robot from a computer keyboard.3. Research had developed to the point where progress was being hampered by technical constraints, as the elegant experiments that had helped to decipher the genetic code could not be extended to investigate the gene in more detail.4. The ideas that the state of the universe at one time determines the state at all other times, has beena central tenet of science, ever since Laplace’s time.5. Nuclear power’s prominence as a major energy source will continue over the next several decades, according to new projections made by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), which has just published a new report, Energy, Electricity and Nuclear Power for the period up to 2030.Part III. Translate the following sentences into Chinese（20%）1. For a smallish two-bed roomed house with one large open-plan kitchen/dinner, that doesn’tparticularly cheap given that straw is supposed to be inexpensive, and you’d still have to buy the plot and dig the foundations.2. Combined with advances in CAD systems, it will be possible for mechanical engineers tocollaborate in immersive interactive environments where they can design collaboratively, test hypotheses, run models and simulations and observe their creations in three dimensions much as an engineer can observe a car being built with their colleagues on the shop floor.3. Although it is unclear if the capacity for remote operation will justify the QB’s US$15,000 pricetag, Anybots believes its technology will appeal to a new generation of workers who expect to be in contact at all times and in all places,4. That’s not because Facebook is hell-bent on stripping away privacy protections, but because thepopularity of Facebook and other social networking sites has promoted the sharing of all things personal, dissolving the line that separates the private from the public.5. Because gravity draws mass together, most experts expected to find that gravity had slowed down the universe’s rate of ballooning, or perhaps that the rate was staying about the same.Part III. Translate the following sentences into Chinese（20%）1. Dark energy is the name given to an unexplained force that is drawing galaxies away from each other, against the pull of gravity, at an accelerated pace. Dark energy is a bit like anti-gravity. Where gravity pulls things together at the more local level, dark energy tugs them apart on the grander scale.2. The growth of membership and of individual networks seems impervious to gaffes at the company during its brief, five-year history. One of those instances was in February, when it fiddled with its terms of service. New language that seemed to assert Facebook’s “irrevocable” right to retain and use a member’s personal information, even after the member had closed his or her Facebook account, deserved a little more editing.3. ?Along with the wheels, a self-balancing system and a motor with a top speed of five kilometers per hour make the robot mobile. The two-wheel—as opposed to a tricycle or quad—design makes it more maneuverable in tight spaces and helps keep its weight down to about 16 kilograms. The area between the QB's head and base consists of a length of telescoping plastic that can be adjusted to let the QB stand as tall as 175 centimeters or as short as 81 centimeters.4. Social and demographic changes are leading to a greater demand for housing. People are living longer, and choosing to marry later, and in recent years there has been a rise in the number of single-parent families. Added to this, the UK is experiencing immigration from other countries, e.g. from Poland[1] which has recently joined the EU. The result is an ever-larger number of smaller households, all requiring accommodation.Part III. Translate the following sentences into Chinese（20%）1. Dark energy is the name given to an unexplained force that is drawing galaxies away from each other, against the pull of gravity, at an accelerated pace. Dark energy is a bit like anti-gravity. Where gravity pulls things together at the more local level, dark energy tugs them apart on the grander scale.2. The growth of membership and of individual networks seems impervious to gaffes at the company during its brief, five-year history. One of those instances was in February, when it fiddled with its terms of service. New language that seemed to assert Facebook’s “irrevocable” right to retain and use a member’s personal information, even after the member had closed his or her Facebook account, deserved a little more editing.3. ?Along with the wheels, a self-balancing system and a motor with a top speed of five kilometersper hour make the robot mobile. The two-wheel—as opposed to a tricycle or quad—designmakes it more maneuverable in tight spaces and helps keep its weight down to about 16 kilograms.The area between the QB's head and base consists of a length of telescoping plastic that can beadjusted to let the QB stand as tall as 175 centimeters or as short as 81 centimeters.4. Social and demographic changes are leading to a greater demand for housing. People are livinglonger, and choosing to marry later, and in recent years there has been a rise in the number of single-parent families. Added to this, the UK is experiencing immigration from other countries, e.g. from Poland[1] which has recently joined the EU. The result is an ever-larger number of smallerhouseholds, all requiring accommodation.Part III. Translate the following sentences into Chinese (20%)1. The problem in the paradox, he reasoned, is that we are confusing a description of sets of numberswith a description of sets of sets of numbers.2. That’s not because Facebook is hell-bent on stripping away privacy protections, but because thepopularity of Facebook and other social networking sites has promoted the sharing of all thingspersonal, dissolving the line that separates the private from the public.3. The two-wheel—as opposed to a tricycle or quad—design makes it more maneuverable in tight spacesand helps keep its weight down to about 16 kilograms.4. The straw bales, it turns out, are all packed tightly inside a series of prefabricated rectangular woodenwall frames, which are then lime-rendered, dried and finally slotted together like giant Lego pieces, called ModCell panels.5. Although the UK is an urban society, more and more people are choosing to live on the edge ofurban areas - with many relocating to the countryside. This is called counter-urbanisation.。

科技英语阅读与翻译资料句子翻译

Unit1A因此，可以将计算机定义为一种高速运行的电子设备，该设备以称为程序的指令和称为数据的字符形式接收信息，并对信息进行算术和/或逻辑运算，继而提供运算结果。

For this reason,computers can be defined as very-high-speed electronic device which accept information in the form of instructions called a program and characters called data,perform mathematical and/or logical operations on the information,and then supply results of these operations.计算机解决问题只需用人工所需时间的一小部分时间。

It can find the solution to a problem in a fraction of the time it takes a human being to da the job.对计算机发出指令的程序或部分程序，以及为其提供解决问题所需信息的数据均存储在计算机存储器。

The program,or part of it,which tells the computers what to do and the data,which provide the information needed to solve the problem,are kept inside the computer in place called memory.计算机能够代替人类做单调、常规的工作，但没有独创性；计算机可以根据指令工作，但不能做任何价值判断。

A computer can replace people in dull,routine tasks,but it has no originality;it works according to the instructions given to it and cannot exercise any value judgments.如果操作者不给予指示，也不提供适当信息，计算机就什么也做不了；但由于电脉冲能以光速运行，因此计算机几乎瞬间便能处理大量算术逻辑运算。

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Part I Reading comprehension (40%)共四篇，其中一篇来自教材，占10%；Passage 61.1) Yes, it is.2) Once the technology had evolved, it became possible. It is just a matter of time.3) The faster you go, the slower time seems to move for you with respect to everyone else. This concept is known as “time dilation.”4) travel at the speed of light;5) If your speed finally reaches the speed of light then time actually stands still, exceed the speed of light and its thought that time will start to flow backward.6) An effect of Relativity is that the faster you go, the heavier you become and as you reach the speed of light, you become infinitely heavy.7) The technique is called “quantum tunneling”. It is used by electrons orbiting around atoms to instantly move from point A to point B without passing through the space between.8)It is actually only technology stopping us from doing it.2.1) 即使如我面前的杯子这么普通的东西也可以说某种程度上掌握了时间旅行。

它在桌子上放着，看似无所事事，然而实际上正在穿越时空，无情地，它的速度是每天走一天。

2）如果我跑到这咖啡店的速度接近光速，当我坐下来时，我的年龄小于我周围的人。

实际上，我已经走到他们的未来。

3) 剩下的就是当宇宙倒退时，以这个速度飞行，在适当的时候减速，然后在1973年7月突然出现，那是有史以来最伟大的时刻——我出生啦。

Passage 71.1)By altering the function of one gene, the life span of a species of roundworm could beincreased from the usual two weeks to a month.Study with roundworms found that certain anticonvulsant drugs had a substantial impact on life expectancy. The drugs lengthened the life of the worms by up to 50 percent.2) The research has fueled speculation that there soon may be drugs available that could have related life-extending effects in humans.3) Currently, heart disease is treated by drugs or, in more serious cases, with bypass surgeries and angioplasties.4) Heart “patch” someday soon could be used to repair damaged heart tissue, essentially returning the heart to pre-heart attack functionality.5) The most exciting part of the research into regenerative therapies is the prospect that future regenerative treatments could focus on causing damaged tissues to repair themselves in the body.6) The conventional wisdom is that energy supplies are dwindling while demand is rising, creating a condition in which a serious social and economic dislocation is unavoidable, if not actually imminent.7) It is not just oil that is in abundance. Coal abounds in the United States and can be burned much more cleanly now than in the past, making it, once again, a very viable resource for the generation of electricity.8) Of all the natural resources available, by far the most important are man’s own God-given abilities.2.据美国心脏协会介绍，每年有大约50万人死于心脏病。

据估计，有多达650万美国人深受心绞痛及其他心脏病带来的胸痛之苦。

目前，治疗心脏病的方法主要是药物，或病情比较严重时，采用心脏搭桥手术或者血管造影术。

最危重的情况下，心脏移植可以延续病人生命。

不过很快可能会有一种新颖革新的技术补充或者替代这些治疗手段。

Passage81.1) Malicious hackers, hi-tech bank robbers and identity thieves were the stuff of science fiction novels; few outside the industry of information technology had more than a passing knowledge of their damaging potential.2)The fact that “this all went on behind the scenes-and the average citizen knew little about it” changes.3) A number of malicious and highly publicized computer viruses; the terrorist attacks of September 20014) Advantage:create vast new opportunities to enrich our lives and improve our economy; Disadvantage: also offer a tempting target for vandals, criminals and terrorists.5)We halted development on several key products and invested more than $ 100 million to evaluate our existing software for security issues, and to train our developers to build security into our future products from the ground up.6)Existing industry standards, business practices and regulations already do much to ensure the security of personal information.7) It creates computing systems that will be self-managing, self-repairing and inherently resilient.8) open answer9) open answer10) open answer2.1) reliable 2) flawless 3) disclosed 4) transactional 5) skyrocketed 6) viable 7) deterrence 8) Implement 9)has been implemented; be implemented 10) aggression3.1) 再三考虑后，我决定坚持我原来的计划。

2) 我已授权她在我外出的时候代我执行公务。

行动给我。

3) 我们应该增加农业和农村基础设施建设投资，改善农村生产和生活条件。

4) 橡胶比木头弹性更大。

5) 读书使人充实，交谈使人精明.6) 他警告说，黎巴嫩的战斗可能会造成中东地区的不稳定。

7) 他曾坐牢的过去被公开毁了他的竞选公职的机会。

8) 他是一个很耐心的领导者和指导，我很崇拜他。

9) 失败并没有阻止他再次尝试。

10) 战争和自然灾害都是死亡率上升的原因。

Passage91.1) support an argument 2) It could be used in many different Paragraph 4 explains how the problem presented in paragraph 3 came to be solved．4) Indicate one of the important developments made possible by the introduction of Watt's steam engine 5) They were used in the construction of canals and turnpikes2.1) abundant 2) exploiting 3) multiplied 4) continued 5) dramatically 6) succeeded 7) efficient 8) various 9) operated 10) liberation3.1) 工业革命标志着人类历史上一个重要的转折点；最终影响了日常生活的几乎每个方面。