基于单片机的智能路灯控制系统 外文文献
基于单片机的路灯遥控装置的设计外文翻译汇编
浙江师范大学本科毕业设计(论文)外文翻译译文：基于AT89C2051的多路舵机控制器设计作者：吴华波钱春来摘要舵机是机器人、机电系统和航模的重要执行机构。
舵机控制器为舵机提供必要的能源和控制信号。
本文提出一种以外部中断计数为基础的 PWM 波形实现方法。
该方法具有简单方便，成本低，可实现多路独立 PWM 输出的优点。
关键词： AT89C2051；舵机；控制器；外部中断；PWM引言：舵机是一种位置伺服的驱动器。
它接收一定的控制信号，输出一定的角度，适用于那些需要角度不断变化并可以保持的控制系统。
在微机电系统和航模中，它是一个基本的输出执行机构。
1 舵机的工作原理以日本 FUTABA S3003型舵机为例，图1是 FUTABA-S3003 型舵机的内部电路。
舵机的工作原理是:PWM 信号由接收通道进入信号解调电路BA6688L 的12 脚进行解调，获得一个直流偏置电压。
该直流偏置电压与电位器的电压比较，获得电压差由BA6688 的 3 脚输出。
该输出送入电机驱动集成电路BAL6686，以驱动电机正反转。
当电机转速一定时，通过级联减速齿轮带动电位器 Rw1旋转，直到电压差为0，电机停止转动。
舵机的控制信号是PWM 信号，利用占空比的变化改变舵机的位置。
2 舵机的控制方法标准的舵机有 3 条导线，分别是:电源线、地线、控制线，如图 2 所示。
电源线和地线用于提供舵机内部的直流电机和控制线路所需的能源，电压通常介于 4～6 V ，一般取5 V。
注意，给舵机供电的电源应能提供足够的功率。
控制线的输入是一个宽度可调的周期性方波脉冲信号，方波脉冲信号的周期为 20 ms（即频率为50 Hz）。
当方波的脉冲宽度改变时，舵机转轴的角度发生改变，角度变化与脉冲宽度的变化成正比。
某型舵机的输出轴转角与输入信号的脉冲宽度之间的关系可用图3来表示。
3 舵机控制器的设计（1）舵机控制器硬件电路设计从上述舵机转角的控制方法可看出，舵机的控制信号实质是一个可调宽度的方波信号（PWM）。
基于单片机的交通灯控制系统单片机毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文
毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译文献、资料中文题目：基于单片机的交通灯控制系统文献、资料英文题目：Structure and functionof the MCS-51 series文献、资料来源：文献、资料发表（出版）日期：院（部）：专业：通信工程班级：姓名：学号：指导教师：翻译日期： 2017.02.14毕业设计文献资料翻译（原文及译文）原文名称：Structure and function of the MCS-51 series课题名称：基于单片机的交通灯控制系统Structure and function of the MCS-51 seriesStructure and function of the MCS-51 series one-chip computer MCS-51 is a name of a piece of one-chip computer series which Intel Company produces. This company introduced 8 top-grade one-chip computers of MCS-51 series in 1980 after introducing 8 one-chip computers of MCS-48 series in 1976. It belong to a lot of kinds this lineof one-chip computer the chips have, such as 8051, 8031, 8751, 80C51BH, 80C31BH,etc., their basic composition, basic performance and instruction system are all the same.8051 daily representatives-51 serial one-chip computers.A one-chip computer system is made up of several following parts:(1) One microprocessor of 8 (CPU). ( 2) At slice data memory RAM (128B/256B),it use not depositing not can reading /data that write, such as result not middle of operation, final result and data wanted to show, etc.(3) Procedure memory ROM/EPROM (4KB/8KB ), is used to preserve the procedure , some initial data and form in slice. But does not take ROM/EPROM within some one-chip computers, such as 8031, 8032.(4) Four 8 run side by side I/O interface P0 four P3, each mouth can use as introduction , may use as exporting too. (5) Two timer / counter, each timer / counter may set up and count in the way, used to count to the external incident, can set up into a timing way too, and can according to count or result of timing realize the control of the computer. (6) Five cut off cutting off the control system of the source. (7) One all duplex serial I/O mouth of UART (universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART) ), is it realize one-chip computer or one-chip computer and serial communication of computer to use for. (8) Stretch oscillator and clock produce circuit, quartz crystal finely tune electric capacity need outer. Allow oscillation frequency as 12 megahertz now at most. Every the above-mentioned part was joined through the inside data bus .Amongthem, CPU is a core of the one-chip computer, it is the control of the computer and command centre, made up of such parts as arithmetic unit and controller , etc.. The arithmetic unit can carry on 8 persons of arithmetic operation and unit ALU of logic operation while including one, the 1 storing device temporaries of 8, storing device 2 temporarily, 8's accumulation device ACC, register B and procedure state register PSW, etc. Person who accumulate ACC count by 2 input ends entered of checking etc. temporarily as one operation often, come from person who store 1 operation is it is it make operation to go on to count temporarily , operation result and loop back ACC with another one. In addition, ACC is often regarded as the transfer station of data transmission on 8051 inside. The same as general microprocessor, it is the busiest register. Help remembering that agreeing with a express in the order. The controller includes the procedure counter, the order is deposited, the order deciphering, the oscillator and timing circuit, etc. The procedure counter is made up of counter of 8 for two, amounts to 16. It is a byte address counter of the procedure in fact, the content is the next IA that will carried out in PC. The content which changes it can change the direction that the procedure carries out. Shake the circuit in 8051 one-chip computers, only need outer quartz crystal and frequency to finely tune the electric capacity, its frequency range is its 12MHZ of 1.2MHZ. This pulse signal, as 8051 basic beats of working, namely the minimum unit of time. 8051 is the same as other computers, the work in harmony under thecontrol of the basic beat, just like an orchestra according to the beat play that is commanded.There are ROM (procedure memory , can only read ) and RAM in 8051 slices (data memory, can is it can write ) two to read, they have each independent memory address space, dispose way to be the same with general memory of computer. Procedure 8051 memory and 8751 slice procedure memory capacity 4KB, address begin from 0000H, used for preserving the procedure and form constant. Data 8051- 8751 8031 of memory data memory 128B, address false 00FH, using for middle result to deposit operation, the data are stored temporarily and the data are buffered. In RAM of this 128B, there is unit of 32 bytes that can be appointed as the job register, this and general microprocessor is different, 8051 slice RAM and job register rank one formation the same to arrange the location. It is not very the same that the memory of MCS-51 series one-chip computer and general computer disposes the way in addition. General computer for first address space, ROM and RAM can arrange in different space within the range of this address at will, namely the addresses of ROM and RAM, with distributing different address space in a formation. While visiting the memory, corresponding and only an address Memory unit, can ROM, it can be RAM too, and by visiting the order similarly. This kind of memory structure is called the structure of Princeton. 8051 memories are divided into procedure memory space and data memory space on the physics structure, there are four memoryspaces in all: The procedure stores in one and data memory space outside data memory and one in procedure memory space and one outside one, the structure forms of this kind of procedure device and data memory separated form data memory, called Harvard structure. But use the angle from users, 8051 memory address space is divided into three kinds: (1) In the slice, arrange blocks of FFFFH, 0000H of location, in unison outside the slice (use 16 addresses). (2) The data memory address space outside one of 64KB, the address is arranged from 0000H 64KB FFFFH (with 16 addresses) too to the location. (3) Data memory address space of 256B (use 8 addresses). Three above-mentioned memory space addresses overlap, for distinguishing and designing the order symbol of different data transmission in the instruction system of 8051: CPU visit slice, ROM order spend MOVC , visit block RAM order uses MOVX outside the slice, RAM order uses MOV to visit in slice.8051 one-chip computer have four 8 walk abreast I/O ports, call P0, P1, P2 and P3. Each port is 8 accurate two-way mouths, accounts for 32 pins altogether. Every one I/O line can be used as introduction and exported independently. Each port includes a latch (namely special function register), one exports the driver and a introduction buffer. Make data can latch when outputting, data can buffer when making introduction, but four function of pass away these self-same. Expand among the system of memory outside having slice, four ports these may serve as accurate two-way mouth of I/O in common use. Expand among the system ofmemory outside having slice, P2 mouth see high 8 address off; P0 mouth is a two-way bus, send the introduction of 8 low addresses and data / export in timesharingThe circuit of 8051 one-chip computers and four I/O ports is very ingenious in design. Familiar with I/O port logical circuit, not only help to use port correctly and rationally, and will inspire to designing the peripheral logical circuit of one-chip computer to some extent. Load ability and interface of port have certain requirement, because output grade, P0 of mouth and P1 end output, P3 of mouth grade different at structure, so, the load ability and interface of its door demand to have nothing in common with each other. P0 mouth is different from other mouth, its output grade draws the resistance supremely. When using it as the mouth in common use, output grade is it leak circuit to turn on, is it urge NMOS draw the resistance on taking to be outer with it while inputting to go out to fail. When being used as introduction, should write"1" to a latch first. Every one with P0 mouth can drive 8 Model LS TTL load to export. P1 mouth is an accurate two-way mouth too, used as I/O in common use. Different from P0 mouth output of circuit its, draw load resistance link with power on inside have. In fact, the resistance is that two effects are in charge of FET and together: One FET is in charge of load, its resistance is regular. Another one can is it lead to work with close at two state, make its President resistance value change approximate 0 or group value heavy two situation very. When it is 0 that the resistanceis approximate, can draw the pin to the high level fast; when resistance value is very large, P1 mouth high electricity at ordinary times, can is it draw electric current load to offer outwards, draw electric current load to offer outwards, draw the resistance on needn't answer and thinking. Here when the port is used as introduction, must write into 1 to the corresponding latch first too, make FET end relatively about 20,000 ohms because of load resistance in scene and because 40,000 ohms, will not exert an influence on the data that are input. The structure of P2 some mouth is similar to P0 mouth, there are MUX switches. Is it similar to mouth partly to urge, but mouth large a conversion controls some than P1.P3 mouth one multi-functional port, mouth getting many than P1 it have "3 doors and 4 buffers". Two parts there, make her besides accurate two-way function with P1 mouth just, can also use the second function of every pin, "and" door 3 functions one switch in fact, it determines to be to output data of latch to output second signal of function. Act as W=At 1 o'clock, output Q end signal; act as Q=At 1 o'clock, can output W line signal. At the time of programming, it is that the first function is still the second function but needn't have software that set up P3 mouth in advance .It hardware not inside is the automatic to have two function outputted when CPU carries on SFR and seeks the location to visit to P3 mouth/at not lasting lining, there are inside hardware latch Qs=1. The operation principle of P3 mouth is similar to P1 mouth.Output grade, P3 of mouth, P1 of P1, connect with inside have loadresistance of drawing, every one of they can drive 4 Model LS TTL load to output. As while inputting the mouth, any TTL or NMOS circuit can drive P1 of 8051 one-chip computers as P3 mouth in a normal way. Because draw resistance on output grade of them have, can open a way collector too or drain-source resistance is it urge to open a way, do not need to have the resistance of drawing outer. Mouths are all accurate two-way mouths too. When the conduct is input, must write the corresponding port latch with 1 first. As to 80C51 one-chip computer, port can only offer milliampere of output electric currents, is it output mouth go when urging one ordinary basing of transistor to regard as, should contact a resistance among the port and transistor base, in order to the electricity while restraining the high level from exporting P1~P3 Being restored to the throne is the operation of initializing of an one-chip computer. Its main function is to turn PC into 0000H initially, make the one-chip computer begin to hold the conduct procedure from unit 0000H. Except that the ones that enter the system are initialized normally, as because procedure operate it make mistakes or operate there aren't mistake, in order to extricate oneself from a predicament , need to be pressed and restored to the throne the key restarting too. It is an input end which is restored to the throne the signal in 8051 China RST pin. Restore to the throne signal high level effective, should sustain 24 shake cycle (namely 2 machine cycles) the above its effective times. If 6 of frequency of utilization brilliant to shake, restore to the throne signal durationshould exceed 4 delicate to finish restoring to the throne and operating. Produce the logic picture of circuit which is restored to the throne the signal: restore to the throne the circuit and include two parts outside in the chip entirely. Outside that circuit produce to restore to the throne signal (RST) hand over to Schmitt's trigger, restore to the throne circuit sample to output , Schmitt of trigger constantly in each S5P2 , machine of cycle in having one more , then just got and restored to the throne and operated the necessary signal inside. Restore to the throne resistance of circuit generally, electric capacity parameter suitable for 6 brilliant to shake, can is it restore to the throne signal high level duration greater than 2 machine cycles to guarantee. Being restored to the throne in the circuit is simple, its function is very important. Pieces of one-chip computer system could normal running, should first check it can restore to the throne not succeeding. Checking and can pop one's head and monitor the pin with the oscilloscope tentatively, push and is restored to the throne the key, the wave form that observes and has enough range is exported (instantaneous), can also through is it restore to the throne circuit group holding value carry on the experiment to change.MCS-51系列单片机的功能和结构MSC-51系列单片机具有一个单芯片电脑的结构和功能，它是英特尔公司的系列产品的名称。
基于单片机的照明控制系统的中英文文献
The Control System for Lighting Based onSingle–chip MicrocomputerWith the rapid development of electronic technology,the system of control based on Single-chip Microcomputer is widely applied in industry, agriculture, electric power, electron, intelligent building and so on. Microcomputer,as the subject and core of the embedded system of control, replaces the traditional system—electronic circuit. At the same time, the development and maturation of the intelligent building have established the substantial foundation for the popularization and application of the control system for lighting based on single-chip microcomputer.The paper expatiates on the designing theories and implementation method of the control system for lighting by wired or wireless communications.Taking the designing process as mainline,it describes the process of designing from two respects—hardware and software. In another word, the paper describes the process from the method of circuit designing to the software technology of realizing the demanded functions. The host controller of the control system for lighting is based on AT89C51 single-chip microcomputer,and the auxiliary ones are based on AT89C2051. The system can do many jobs, such as wired communication,wireless data transmitting, controlling and display. The paper describes the designing process of the circuit at length, including: keyboard and LED display circuit,RS485 communication circuit, wireless transmitting circuit, control circuit of lighting, watchdog circuit,etc.The designing of software mainly includes the several programming,such as wired communication,wireless data transmitting, lamplight controlling, timed controlling, keyboard scanning and LED displaying. The wired communication programming function is that through Master-slave communication method based on RS485 the host controller sends orders to the all auxiliary controllers or each one, including: turning on lighting, turning off lighting, regulating brightness of lighting, controlling timed lighting, etc.The wireless data transmitting programming function is that by wireless transmitter it realizes wireless controlling of the lighting,and achieves the functions identical to wired communication.Traditional building automatic controlling system only includes such subsystems:comprehensive wires, computer network, safe defending,fire defending and closed-circuits TV monitoring systems and so on. But in the recent years, with the economic development and the progress of the science and technology,people haveput forward more higher demands for energy-conservation of lighting lamps and scientific management,which makes the lighting control system of the classroom have such functions as energy-conservation,convenience,intelligence, etc. What’s more, it can improve the efficiency of the work and study, result in many kinds of lighting effects, and improve the management level.There are the design philosophy of this system,operation principle of every chip, and such relevant problems as the choice, making and debugging of the components and unit circuits about lighting control system of classroom,which regards the micro-control unit as the control core of the system. This control system is suitable for such occasions as various kinds of multimedia classrooms, station waiting rooms, offices, etc. It is mainly composed of lightening control unit, moving sensor unit, illuminative sensor unit, handed-control unit, and so on. The target of the design is intelligent lightening, scientific management,and energy-conservation and cost- conservation. The AT89C2051with the feature of cheap cost has been used as the control unit in the whole design.The whole system not only has been introduced in the paper, but also has been successfully finished with series of the Dais micro-control unit. The experiment suggests that this design can easily come true if the users do as the thesis. So it can be used as the intelligent lighting control system of the university campus.What’s more, it will affect better if combining with other intelligent control systems.LED SummaryLED (Light Emitting Diode), light-emitting diode, is a solid state semiconductor devices, which can be directly converted into electricity to light. LED is the heart of a semiconductor chip, the chip is attached to one end of a stent, is the negative side, the other end of the power of the cathode,the entire chip package to be epoxy resin. Semiconductor chip is composed of two parts, part of the P-type semiconductor,it inside the hole-dominated, the other side is the N-type semiconductor, here is mainly electronic. But linking the two semiconductors,among them the formation of a "PN junction." When the current through the wires role in this chip, will be pushing e-P, P zone in the hole with electronic composite,and then to be issued in the form of photon energy,and this is the principle of LED luminescence.The wavelength of light that is the color of light,is formed by the PN junction of the decisions of the material.LED history50 years ago, people have to understand semiconductor materials can produce light of the basic knowledge, the first commercial diodes in 1960. English is the LED light emitting diode (LED) acronym,and its basic structure is an electroluminescent semiconductor materials, placed in a wire rack, then sealed with epoxy resin around, that is, solid package,Therefore, the protection of the internal batteries can play the role of line, so the seismic performance LED good.LED is the core of the P-type semiconductor and components of the N-type semiconductor chips, the P-type semiconductor and N-type semiconductor between a transition layer, called the PN junction. In some semiconductor materials in the PN junction, the injection of a small number of carrier-carrier and the majority of the extra time will be in the form of light energy to release, thus the power to direct conversion of solar energy. PN junction on reverse voltage, a few hard-carrier injection, it is not luminous.This use of injection electroluminescent diodes is produced by the principle of light-emitting diodes, commonly known as LED. When it in a positive state of the work (that is, at both ends with forward voltage), the current flows from the LED anode, cathode,semiconductor crystals on the issue from the ultraviolet to infrared light of different colors,light and the strength of the currents.Instruments used for the first LED light source instructions, but all kinds of light colored LED lights in traffic and large screen has been widely applied, have a very good economic and social benefits. The 12-inch red traffic lights as an example,is used in the United States have long life, low-efficiency 140 watt incandescent lamp as a light source, it produced 2,000 lumens of white light.The red filter, the loss-90 percent, only 200 lumens of red light. In the light of the new design, Lumileds companies have 18 red LED light source, including the loss of circuit, a total power consumption of 14 watts to generate the same optical effect.Automotive LED lights is also the source of important areas.For general lighting, people need more white light sources. The 1998 white LED successful development.This is the GaN LED chip and Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG) package together cause. GaN chip of the Blu-ray(λ p = 465nm, Wd = 30nm), made of high-temperature sintering of the Ce3 + YAG phosphors excited by this Blu-ray after irradiating a yellow, the peak 550 nm. Blue-chip installed in the LED-based Wanxing reflection in the cavity, covered with a resin mixed with YAG thin layer, about 200-500 nm. LED-based tablets issued by the Blu-ray absorption part of thephosphor, the phosphor another part of the Blu-ray and a yellow light mixed, can be a white. Now, the InGaN / YAG white LED, YAG phosphor by changing the chemical composition of the phosphor layer and adjust the thickness of the 3500-10000 K color temperature can be colored white. This blue LED through the method by white, constructed simple,low-cost,high technology is mature,so use the most.In the 1960s, the use of science and technology workers semiconductor PN junction of The principle of developing a LED light-emitting diodes. At that time, the development of LED, the materials used are GaASP, its luminous color is red. After nearly 30 years of development, and now we are very familiar with the LED, has been sent to red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and other shade. However lighting necessary for white LED light only in recent years to develop,readers here to tell us about lighting with white LED.基于单片机的照明控制系统随着电子技术的飞速发展，基于单片机的控制系统已广泛应用于工业、农业、电力、电子、智能楼宇等行业，微型计算机作为嵌入式控制系统的主体与核心，代替了传统的控制系统的常规电子线路。
单片机外文文献翻译(2024)
引言：单片机（Microcontroller）是一种广泛应用于嵌入式系统中的小型计算机芯片。
它集成了处理器核心、存储器、外设接口和时钟电路等核心部件，可以独立运行。
随着全球化的发展，外文文献对于学习和研究单片机领域来说至关重要。
本文翻译的外文文献《MicrocontrollerbasedTrafficLightControlSystem》详细介绍了基于单片机的交通信号灯控制系统。
概述：交通信号灯控制是现代都市交通系统中至关重要的一环。
传统的交通信号灯控制系统通常由定时器控制，不能根据实际交通情况动态调整信号灯的时间。
而基于单片机的交通信号灯控制系统可以实现根据实时交通流量来动态调整信号灯的时间，优化交通效率。
本文将详细介绍该系统的设计和实现。
正文：一、单片机选型1.1.CPU性能：本文选择了一款高性能的32位单片机作为控制核心，它具有较高的处理能力和较大的存储器容量，可以同时处理多条交通路口的信号控制。
1.2.外设接口：该单片机具有丰富的外设接口，可以与交通信号灯、传感器和通信设备等进行连接，实现信号控制和数据交互。
1.3.低功耗设计：为了节约能源和延长系统寿命，在单片机选型时考虑了低功耗设计，降低系统运行的能耗。
二、硬件设计2.1.交通信号灯：在设计交通信号灯时，考虑了日夜可见性和能耗。
采用了高亮度LED作为信号灯光源，同时添加了光敏传感器控制信号灯的亮度，以满足不同时间段的亮度需求。
2.2.传感器：通过安装车辆感应器和行人感应器等传感器，可以在实时监测交通流量的基础上，智能调整信号灯时间，提高路口的交通效率。
2.3.通信设备：在交通信号灯控制系统中引入了通信设备，可以实现各交通路口之间的信息交互和协调控制，提高整体交通系统的效率。
三、软件设计3.1.程序架构：采用了多任务的实时操作系统，将交通信号灯控制、传感器数据处理和通信设备控制等功能分别封装成不同的任务，实现了系统的高效运行和任务调度。
智能照明控制系统外文文献翻译最新
外文文献翻译：原文+译文文献出处：Forcada N. The research of Intelligent lighting control system[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016, 55: 62-77.原文The research of intelligent lighting control systemForcada NAbstractThe growing shortage of energy and the continuous improvement of the living standards of people, people for indoor lighting system for energy saving, comfort, pursue also more and more intense, the traditional lighting system is hard to meet people's needs. People want new indoor lighting control system installation designed to be simple and beautiful, and can according to the variation of indoor scene, automatically set the corresponding lighting mode. When indoor personnel quantity increasing, for instance, or indoor light dimmed, system automatically enhance indoor illumination brightness; When the researchers focused on the interior of a certain position, the brightness of the lighting system to automatically increase the corresponding position, and at the same time reduce the away from the target location of the brightness of the light; When people are watching TV, the system automatically shut off the corresponding lighting lamps and lanterns or weaken the corresponding the brightness of the lighting, etc.People expected indoor lighting system will automatically according to the change of the indoor scene, automatically switch to get the corresponding lighting model. In this way, not only can satisfy the requirement of people for the comfort of indoor lighting, also can achieve the goal of energy saving lighting.Keywords: intelligent lighting; Control system; photoelectric detection1 IntroductionNew design of indoor lighting control system it should be possible under the condition of the minimum power consumption, meet the needs of people living and working for. And existing traditional household indoor lighting control system, weadopt manual closing or disconnect switches for simple control, the controller of the dispersed, will not be able to realize the centralized control, in addition, now the traditional household lighting control system, for using single mode is also very light, system can't according to different indoor intensity of illumination and the flexibility to make corresponding adjustment, and also can't make different according to different requirements of lighting model of flexible adjustment accordingly. Single way of lighting, already caused the waste of resources, and can not meet the changes on the intensity of illumination automatically adjust the indoor environment, so as to keep the ideal intensity of illumination demand. It is because of these reasons, traditional way of indoor lighting control, now has lagged far behind the modern intelligent household demand for lighting control. In general, the condition of the traditional indoor lighting control system is simple. For traditional lighting control system, it adopts single control on line system more or the double control circuit control mode. In a single control circuit of the system, the control switch will pick up directly in the load circuit, it also can be to implement a simple function of on or off; For the double control circuit of the control system, it can be used two single-pole double switch to implement the system of dual control, but because of the connection between the switch lighting cable, therefore, when multicast integrated control, with the increase in the number of laying cable connection between switch, line installation also become very complex, the difficulty of construction projects. Rapid development of modern computer technology and wireless communication technology, to upgrade the traditional household lighting control system, the technical advantage of assurance. By studying intelligent household lighting control system, we can successfully solve the traditional lighting elaborate trivial, controller decentralized to centralized control, the indoor illumination cannot achieve flexible adjustment, severe waste of resources, many of the existing problems, and so on. Traditional lighting control system, adopt the way of manual switch more so, relatively backward management way, must gradually open or close them one by one, and the system control mode of single: only two control state and off rotation.And intelligent lighting control technology, it is with the development ofcomputer technology, and wireless communication technology, modern sensor technology, the development of network technology and automatic control technology and developed a kind of comprehensive application of modern technology. Intelligent lighting control technology application has a long history, it can be traced back to the 90 s of the 20th century, at the time of intelligent lighting control systems are mostly based on Field bus (Field bus) technology, the use of this technology, the control system can make the lighting control extends to the end of the equipment. Today’s intelligent lighting control system is to use a couple more twisted pair as a communication medium, namely cable intelligent lighting control system. In cable intelligent lighting control system, control network composed of twisted-pair cable connect all system control unit, a control signal from the system control unit, via the twisted-pair network spread in the whole control system, system of each control unit from control signal from the twisted pair, according to the communication protocol of the control system, in accordance with the provisions of the command action, the network intelligent control field. This kind of cable intelligent network control system has strong anti-interference ability, good communication effect, and high system stability.2 The kinds of lighting control system2.1 Dynallte intelligent lighting control systemThe control system mainly by the switch module, dimmer module, liquid crystal display touch screen control panel, intelligent sensors, clock manager, programming day, hand-held programmer and PC monitoring machine parts. This Dynallte control system USES the DyNet network connection, DyNet network is a distributed intelligent network, and it USES the RS - 485 communication protocols. The main working principle of this control system is: control module is controlled by the characteristics of the processor, all control components in the system interconnection on the DyNet network, and each device on the network within the remaining ^ ^: all are separate entities required for the operation of instruction. Users can use the control panel, through the button to select a preset scenes, is one of the most simple control method.96 each dimmer can preset scenario. In addition, the use of clock control isalso a common way of lighting control. Another common device is a common sensor, it consists of noise detection infrared tracking, photometric detection of photocell and receiver for remote control.2.2 C Bus intelligent lighting control systemThe Bus system is made up of Australia, C a electrical company develops in 1994, the C a Bus control system have been widely used in many countries and regions.C a Bus system is a two wire Bus type of intelligent control system, it is mainly used for the control of lighting system. In addition, can also be used to fire the linkage control system, etching the C a Bus system, the system all the cells device (except the power) are built into the processor and memory cell, all unit device consists of a pair of signal lines (twisted pair) connected to the network. Control system of each unit is set only unit address set its function, and software system through the output unit to control the load of each circuit. General principles of the group address and the output and input cell components set up corresponding contact. When system has input, input unit into a C a Bus signal, and then will be broadcast on the C a Bus system Bus, at this point, all the output of the unit in the control system receives the signal and make a judgment, control the corresponding output circuit’s a Bus system control mode generally includes the scene control, infrared sensor control, timing control, centralized switch control, local control and group control, centralized dimming Integrated control, wide-area control and system control, etc.2.3 The EIB intelligent control system installationThe EIB (European Installation Bus) the European electrical wiring device Bus intelligent control system.EIB it is for electrical wiring device of intelligent control system, intelligent lighting system is a part of the system.EIB standard is an open nature of the control system, it can be treated by a variety of chips in a variety of platforms, and expand the space.EIB intelligent control system by the bus, bus power supply, intelligent sensor (fuzzy switch, the light sensor, mobile sensors, time controller), intelligent switch drive and other intelligent components (logical module bus coupler).EIB is a kind of typical fieldbus control system, in the EIB control system, each component is a node, the different nodes are connected in a 2 coretwisted pair of medium on the bus, they both master-slave subordinate relations, can realize the communication between each other, thereby Implement control and be controlled.3 Intelligent lighting system control strategyIntelligent lighting system, usually is to use modern computer technology, network communication technology, automatic control technology, microelectronics technology, such as science and technology, according to environmental changes, objective request, the user condition such as reserve requirements and the various information in the automatic acquisition system, and the information collected in the corresponding logic analysis, reasoning, judgment, the results according to the specific form for storage, display, transmission and feedback control to 迖the best control effect of a kind of intelligent lighting control system. Generally, intelligent lighting control system should be based on the function of the environment in a certain area, in different period of the day, according to the indoor brightness or different USES of the region to automatic control of lighting, lighting control can transition from the traditional ordinary switch control to intelligent switch control. The application of intelligent lighting technology, the purpose is for people's work and provide new life comfortable and efficient lighting environment. Intelligent lighting it is the combination of intelligent technology and conventional lighting technology, from the basic form of its composition; it can be roughly divided into two major categories.Intelligent lighting lamps and lighting system, intelligent control to intelligent control unit and intelligent sensing unit for the system of the core of intelligent switches, intelligent lamps and lanterns, etc., can be single or several of the road lights on or off the control, the control of the bright or dark, delay or simple program control, and close the remote control and induction control, etc.This control system control and sensing unit has small volume, simple structure, small control power, etc.This type of product easy to use, low cost, and thus more be applied in such small space inside the bedroom environment intelligent lighting. Based on computer and intelligent communication network of intelligent lighting control system of intelligentlighting control system based on LAN mainly can be divided into the central system of centralized control and distributed control system of two types. Distributed intelligent lighting control system, is mainly introduced in the field of lighting control using the field bus technology, its work principle is system USES the main power supply, after dimmer module can be divided into multiple adjustable output circuit to realize the control of light lamp power supply. Lighting lamps and lanterns is the regulation of the switch and brightness can be controlled through a programmable multi-function control panel, in all the dimmer system and control panel can be realized by programming every street lamp of various types of control purpose, which can produce different types of lighting control scenarios and lighting effects.译文智能照明控制系统研究摘要能源的日益短缺及人们的生活水平的不断提高，人们对于室内照明系统的节能、舒适度的追求也越来越强烈，传统的照明系统很难再满足人们的需求。
单片机交通灯控制器论文中英文对照资料外文翻译文献
中英文对照资料外文翻译文献附件1：外文资料翻译译文基于单片机的十字路口交通灯控制器的设计由于我国经济的快速发展从而导致了汽车数量的猛增，大中型城市的城市交通，正面临着严峻的考验，从而导致交通问题日益严重，其主要表现如下：交通事故频发，对人类生命安全造成极大威胁；交通拥堵严重，导致出行时间增加，能源消耗加大；空气污染和噪声污染程度日益加深等。
日常的交通堵塞成为人们司空见惯而又不得不忍受的问题。
在这种背景下，结合我国城市道路交通的实际情况，开发出真正适合我们自身特点的智能信号灯控制系统已经成为当前的主要任务。
前言在实际应用上，根据对国内外实际交通信号控制应用的考察，平面独立交叉口信号控制基本采用定周期、多时段定周期、半感应、全感应等几种方式。
前两种控制方式完全是基于对平面交叉口既往交通流数据的统计调查，由于交通流存在的变化性和随机性，这两种方式都具有通行效率低、方案易老化的缺陷，而半感应式和全感应式这两种方式是在前两种方式的基础上增加了车辆检测器并根据其提供的信息来调整周期长和绿信比，它对车辆随机到达的适应性较大，可使车辆在停车线前尽可能少停车，达到交通流畅的效果。
在现代化的工业生产中，电流、电压、温度、压力、流量、流速和开关量都是常用的主要被控参数。
例如：在冶金工业、化工生产、电力工程、造纸行业、机械制造和食品加工等诸多领域中，人们都需要对交通进行有序的控制。
采用单片机来对交通进行控制，不仅具有控制方便、组态简单和灵活性大等优点，而且可以大幅度提高被控制量的技术指标，从而能够大大提高产品的质量和数量。
因此，单片机对交通灯的控制问题是一个工业生产中经常会遇到的问题。
在工业生产中，有很多行业有大量的交通灯设备，在现行系统中,大多数的交通控制信号都是用继电器来完成的,但继电器响应时间长,灵敏度低,长期使用之后,故障机会大大增加,而采用单片机控制,其精度远远大于继电器,响应时间短,软件可靠性高,不会因为工作时间缘故而降低其性能,相比而言,本方案具有很高的可行性。
智能照明控制系统英文文献
Distributed Intelligent City Street Lamp Monitoring and Control System Based onWireless Communication chip nRF401Yu CHEN, Zhaoyu LIUZhengzhou Institute of Aeronautical Industry ManagementZhengzhou, Chinae-mail: chenyu@Abstract—Traditional street lamp lighting system’s control style has disadvantage of low efficient, high cost and difficult to monitor, etc, so, it has not met modern city requirement. In order to realize distributed long distance city street lamp state automatic control in real time, we introduces a kind of wireless long distance intelligent city street lamp monitoring and control system based on SCM technology, electric power carrier communication, and wireless communication technology, etc. System is composed of upper PC, main controller, and each terminal controller. Upper PC controls main controller SCM MSP430F19, and transmits control instruction to field controller, MSP430F149 controls corresponding lighting lamp switch’s state changing by wireless transceiver nRF401. Upper PC can effectively complete wireless long distance lighting equipment control in real time. Through experiments, transmission distance can reach 1000m in maximum. In addition, we design illumination monitor equipment, which can assure lamp shut down automatically when communication network failure.Keywords-street lamp monitoring and control; MSP430F149; nRF401; wireless communication; AT89C51; electric power carrier communicationI.I NTRODUCTIONStreet lamp lighting is city part of infrastructure, which plays important position at traffic safety, society security, people living, city appearance style and feature, as well as making a city strength and mature degree. Traditional street lamp controlling adopts time-controller or transformer (distribution box) to realize decentralized control, which has disadvantages of bad centralized management, and high failure rate. Due to without long distance data collection and communication function, street lamp management in real time has not been realized, so, lamp working, operation result, etc can not be centralize monitor, record, and static, which usually can not get timely maintenance. This paper introduces a kind of street lamp long distance monitoring and control system through research work principle, realization, and character, etc based on SCM technology, wireless communication technology, etc after analyzing disadvantages of traditional monitoring and control system. This system realizes lighting according to needed, and monitor alarming, which complete long distance street lamp monitoring and control and has stronger feasibility. [1]II.S YSTEM C OMPOSITION AND P RINCIPLE System is composed of each single lamp monitoring-control terminal controller equipment, street lamp monitor central station and upper PC, etc. Each street lamp monitor central station connects with work central station by wireless transmission, and central station links with upper PC through RS232/485 or USB interface by wire style. According to different of geographical distribution situation, each work central station connects with one or multiple work slave station by wireless communication links. Upper PC obtains lighting equipment switch state by communicating with terminal equipment. And work central station can communicate with upper PC by RS232/485 or USB bus interface. Upper PC displays field lighting equipment state in real time.Each single lamp monitor-control terminal controller can realize lighting lamp start or close by upper PC, because city lamp distance is longer, we can make street lamp monitor central station as data collection equipment through electric power carrier line as communication medium. That is to say, after central station connected, then connects with upper PC through interface, which can fit to large scale field needs of city and realize longer distance data transmission. Distributed network structure principle is shown as Figure 1.Figure 1. Distributed lamp monitoring and control system structure.Each monitor terminal lower PC can itself set street lamp work information or download control schema through upper PC, such as clock calendar, open/close time, etc. Upper can each street lamp working state; monitor central station node can transmit instruction to upper PC through wireless jumping communication among each nodes; each street lamp node controls its working information, and realize failure2009 International Conference on Networks Security, Wireless Communications and Trusted Computingalarming through electric power carrier line; if some lamp node failure, beyond this node and communication, as well as feedback this information to control central and upper PC. SCM MSP430F149 acts as monitor central station controller; upper PC connects with work central station by RS232/485 or USB bus and realizes information exchange, which responds whole system monitor and management. Monitor central station controller receiver all kinds of operation control command and setting parameters of upper PC, and each field street lamp controller collects switch analogy and realize long distance lighting lamp control according to control schema. Upper PC connects work central station by RS485 or USB bus interface; gets and storages monitoring data through work slave station uploading monitoring data. As well as downloading control schema and avoid system out of control phenomenon appearance because of network failure. In addition, each single street lamp controller has ability of light-intensity detection module, which can realize automatically on-off according to night or day.III. H ARDWARE C IRCUIT D ESIGNSystem street lamp monitor central station controller adopts America TI .co SCM of MSP430F149; it is a kind of low power mix-signal controller, which has 16 bit RSIC structure, 16 bit register and constant generator of CPU. On running of CPU, if it goes wrong, DCO will automatically start, and assures system work normally. If program error, we can set watch dog to solve it. And on program fleeting, watch dog will appear overflow situation, watch dog will produce reset signal, and make system restart, which can assure system running stability.A. Single Lamp Monitoring EquipmentMain function of single lamp monitor terminal is switch on-off of controlling lamp, collecting lamp working information in real time, and communication with monitor central station controller, its hardware module frameFigure 2. Single lamp monitoring and control system structure.ISL29000 working lighting intensity range is between 1lux and 10000lux, and can transfer it into currency; outputting currency is proportional to receiving lightingintensity of photodiode. Outputting currency is converted into voltage, calculate outer circumstance lighting intensity through A/D conversion, and SCM judges if street on or off. Through lighting intensity monitor module, system can realize to automatically control street lamp on-off to avoid communication failure. Lower PC can get each street lamp terminal address through setting digital port coding, and realize relay driving on-off state, as well as using currency transformer to obtain lamp working state information.Single lamp monitor terminal adopts SCM AT89C51, and realize communication with MSP430F149 through electric power carrier communication. Electric power communication module is composed by electric power carrier communication professional chip SSC P300 and SSC P111. [2]B. Wireless Transceiver Circuit DesignSystem adopts nRF401 wireless transceiver chip of Nordic of Norway as core of wireless communication module [3]. Core architecture of Bluetooth technology, the ability of anti-jamming is very strong of type of modulation FSK. The working frequency is stable and reliable and peripheral components are few. So it is adapt to design portable hand-in products. Owing to its low transmitting frequency, high receiving sensitivity and carrier frequency which value is 433MHz of ISM frequency band. nRF401 satisfies the demands of wireless supervisor and permitting license is unnecessary. nRF401 can convert standby state to common one or transmitting state to receiving one. According to real design demands, the control port PWR_UP, CS, TXEN of nRF401 connects to SCM through pull down resistance. So, when the corresponding port of MSP430F149 is in input state, owing to pull down resistance, the current consumption is nearly zero. [4] Because SCM of MSP430F149 series automatically has serial communication ports, it can be connected to transceiver circuit of nRF401. Level transform is unnecessary. The working frequency band of Radio frequency module is set by the interface CS of serial peripheral equipments of nRF401.In addition, through adjusting bias resistance of RF_PWR port, radiated power can be adjusted. The maximum radiated power can be +10dBm. Also, the chip’s VCO circuit needs external connection of VCO inductance whose value is 22nH and the inductance is very crucial. Q>433MHz, the precision is 2%. The wireless transceiver principle is shown as Figure 3.Figure 3. Wireless communication module.The structure of inspection device is as same as each detection apparatus wireless transceiver unit. The wireless interface is designed to be coil aerial with small bulk and low costs and it can be corroded to PCB board directly. It is very suit to portable and low consumption productions.C.System Anti-jamming DesignTo prevent electromagnetic jamming, this system adopts anti-jamming measure; because electromagnetic jamming frequency segment is 0.1Hz~50MHz, so, system communication adopts frequency 433MHz, which can avoid main electromagnetic interference.Under field circumstance, antenna selection can improve system anti-jamming function, so, inspection touring station selects high-gain omni-directional antenna. To avoid much more terminal station number, antenna tuning of PCB outer, and trouble of circle antenna field tuning, etc. We select low price single whip antenna and fix it on top of suitable position, which can obtain best transceiver effect. nRF401 DC near VDD adopts high character capacity to decouple, nRF401 power has been filtered and let it isolates with digital circuit. In addition, because inspection touring equipment controller connects with central station PC by RS-485 bus, output port is double end balance driver, input port is double different amplifier. So, jamming noise can be cancelled out.Because work slave station single lamp monitoring and control equipment has delay switch action, which producing micro variable voltage du/dt, and micro currency di/dt are all jamming source. Method of reducing jamming source du/dt is parallel capacity, and reducing jamming source di/dt is series inductance or resistance to increase fly wheel diode. In this system, we increase fly wheel diode of delay coil to eliminate jamming of reverse electromotive force when disconnecting coil. But, if only add fly wheel diode will produce time delay, so, we add zener diode to realize action more times in unit time. [5]IV.S YSTEM S OFTWARE D ESIGNSoftware design is anther key to realize system function. To convenient to replant and resource sharing, software system adopts structured process design scheme, which can make system has better modularity and portability. Software design is composed of single lamp monitor-control program, street lamp monitor central station control program, upper PC display-control program, wireless communication program, etc. Key of system software design is street lamp monitor station and wireless communication module design, etc. Single lamp monitor-control slave station software is responsibility to data collection and communication, etc. Wireless communication module is made up of initial program, transmitting and receiving program, etc. Because system any one of nodes can communicate with other nodes at any time. So, each monitor-control node communication program is basic same. Main program of system includes two parts, which one is street lamp monitor central station MSP430F149 receiving upper PC correct instruction, then transmitting corresponding instruction to field lighting lamp. The other part is controlling each single lamp state according to receiving instruction.A.Upper PC CommunicationUpper PC adopts VB language to design friend man-machine interface, which can reach higher control demand, and cost is lower. As well as meet many number control system requirement. We use Microsoft Comm Control communication control file that VB provides, only need compiling little program code, and can realize data transceiver. MSP430F149 SCM adopts IARC430 language to design and complete communication with upper PC. Upper PC monitor software structure flow is shown as Figure 4.Figure 4. Monitor program flow of upper PC.B.Wireless Transceiver ModuleDesign of transceiver module communication between monitor central station controller MSP430F149 and lower PC controller AT89C51 is connected through wireless transceiver nRF401 chip, which realizes data transmission. When transceiver module has transmitting or receiving task, SCM fulfills by interruption style, which assures control main program running normally. [6]Transmission data must fit communication protocol that can be recognized by receiver. So, we need packet data, and add protocol head, transmission length, check, etc. Packet data can be sent into interface, and transmitted by wireless module. Data marking head is used to express a new data block’s starting; block length assures data can not be lost. On programming, we should pre-design communication protocol and think data error correction. Error correction can adopts checksum style or CRC check style, checksum is adding data except marking head, which assures receiving data can not error because of circumstance jamming. Transceiver process flow is shown as Figure 5.Figure 5. Wireless transceiver process flow diagram.C.Single Lamp Monitor ModuleSingle lamp monitor terminal management module, which mainly completes function of monitor controller and single lamp monitor address setting, adding, and modifying, etc; single lamp state controlling and checking module, which mainly completes central station controller time adjusting, single lamp switch controlling and state monitoring, as well as on line programming timing-controlling, and night lamp controlling, etc; failure alarming module, which is realize street lamp remote abnormal, state abnormal, or currency failure, etc recording and alarming in sound-light style, until processing in time after user notice normal; lighting lamp rate module, maintenance management module, etc.V.E XPERIMENT AND C ONCLUSIONS This paper designs a wireless long distance lighting control system based on electric power carrier communication and wireless communication technologies, and based on chip of SCM MSP430F149, AT89C51 and nRF401, etc, which realizes centralized management and distributed control function, etc. Experiment results show that transmission distance between a PC and multi work slave station controller can reach 1000m through system experiment, and completes field street lamp lighting equipment control accuracy. This paper mainly introduces hardware and software design of wireless communication module and upper PC interface module. System uses VB visualization character to design application program, and realizes lighting lamp long distance automatically control effect under Windows circumstance. System has many advantages of high anti-jamming, better expansibility, simple structure, low cost, and strong practicality. [7] System adopts wireless data transmission technology, it not only improves snr (signal-to-noise ratio) and monitors precision, but also avoids many heavy works such as signal transmission cable traffic, cable routing, cable connection, and cable monitor, etc. And reduce monitor and system monitor workload, time and cost, so, in great degree, it has broader applicability and better economy. If we change measurement style, for example, fix other monitor sensor, and modify corresponding software, we can easy to realize many other industry control value monitor in real time. Such as coal mine harmful gas concentrations monitor, grain storage temperature monitor, intelligent building monitor, etc. So, system has better popularization value and application prospect.VI.C ONCLUSIONSThis paper introduces street lamp long distance upper PC monitoring and control system design method, structure, and design hardware/software, etc. System uses wireless communication technology and electric power carrier cable communication technology, etc, which completes city street lamp monitoring and control in real time. System can also find failure in time and easy to maintenance, and reach to save energy on night lamp controlling, as well as on line program dividing groups’ timing control, which can assure lighting lamp rate, so, it realizes city street lamp information management.System adopts advanced street lamp long distance monitoring and control technology, which makes system has advantages of high automation, reliable operation, high efficiency power saving, and convenient to maintenance, etc, which can make up insufficiency of traditional street lamp lighting system.R EFERENCES[1]Cui Guimin, Qin Huibin, Luo You.“The Study ofWirelessStreetLampControl System,” Electronics & Packaging, 2007.12, p.42.[2]Tang Guizhong, Zhang Guangming, Ji Chuihua. “Design of WirelessMonitor Terminal for City Street Lamp Based on MSP430,”Microcomputer and Information, 2004.9, pp. 77-79.[3]Nordic VLSI. “nRFTM Radio Protocol Guidelines Nan400-07,”Http://www.nvlsi.no. 2002.12.[4]Li Jinfeng Cao,Shun Wei, Lifeng. “The Application of WirelessReceive Transmitter nRF401 in the Mine System,” Microcomputer Information. 2006.1-2, pp. 242-243.[5]Zeng Shuiping, Shi Kai. “The Design For Universal Serial Bus BasedOn MSP430F449,”China Science and Technology Information, 2008.11, pp. 143-144.[6]Han Xuejun, Liu Bintao, Chen Yonghui. “Design of Circuit BreakerTemperature On-line Monitoring System Based on Wireless Communication,” Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2006.8, pp.84-85.[7]Song Chengyan, Li Yang, Mei Yunhua. “The City Street Lamp’sMonitor and Control System Based on Wireless Communication,”Microcomputer Information, 2007.2-3, p.19-20.。
基于单片机的智能模拟路灯控制系统
2019年软 件2019, V ol. 40, No. 3基金项目: 扬州大学广陵学院大学生科技创新基金(201813987008Y)、扬州大学广陵学院教改研究项目(JGYB17013)作者简介: 程晶姝(1996-)，女，本科，扬州大学广陵学院2015级电气工程系学生；翟娟（1990-），女，硕士，讲师，研究方向：控制理论与控制工程。
通讯联系人: 潘往丽(1969-)女，硕士，讲师，研究方向：教育管理。
基于单片机的智能模拟路灯控制系统程晶姝，潘往丽*，罗辉辉，翟 娟（扬州大学广陵学院，江苏 扬州 225009）摘 要: 随着电力资源的紧缺，以及光污染和雾霾天气的影响，更智能化的路灯设计对人们的日常生活意义重大。
本文的智能路灯控制系统是基于单片机的控制器，通过介绍该系统相应的硬件设计和软件设计，实现定时开关和依具体情况是否需要来开关路灯和进行亮度调节，并且具有自检功能，该系统可以提高我国的路灯照明质量和提高利用率。
关键词: 单片机；智能路灯；环保节能中图分类号: TP168.1 文献标识码: ADOI ：10.3969/j.issn.1003-6970.2019.03.008本文著录格式：程晶姝，潘往丽，罗辉辉，等. 基于单片机的智能模拟路灯控制系统[J]. 软件，2019，40（3）：38-40Intelligent Simulation Street Lamp Control System Based on Single Chip MicrocomputerCHENG Jing-shu, PAN Wang-li *, LUO Hui-hui, ZHAI Juan(Guangling College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China )【Abstract 】: With the shortage of electric power resources and the influence of light pollution and zero haze weather, the design of more intelligent street lamp is very important to people's daily life. The intelligent street lamp control sys-tem is based on SCM controller. By introducing the hardware design and software design of the system, the system can improve the lighting quality and utilization ratio of street lamp in our country by realizing the timing switch and switch the street lamp and adjusting the brightness according to the specific situation, and having theself-check function. 【Key words 】: Single-chip intelligent; Street lamp; Environmental protection and energy saving0 引言路灯在人们的日常生活中有着重要的作用，但因为周围环境的改变，路灯的性能也要进行相应的改变[1-2]。
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毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译
系别光电信息系
专业测控技术与仪器
班级 B090102
姓名马丽娜
学号 36
外文出处 Spriger Link
附件 1. 原文； 2. 译文
2013年3月
microcomputer According to the preset control strategy, the road lighting into action Street lamp intelligent management and control in different conditions normally In different states implement diversified road lighting scene, To improve the quality of lighting at the same time get the best section Can effect.
1. The system hardware design
Control circuit mainly to light, temperature signal acquisition, data computing and analysis, and control of street lamp driver circuit according to the results of the operation. Circuit must have MD conversion function, adopt STCl2C5608AD single chip microcomputer as control unit, the single-chip computer as a single clock cycle enhanced 8051 kernel microcontroller, it contains 8 KB FLASH program memory, eight road lO MD conversion interface, can meet the need of data acquisition. Light intensity, temperature sensor using photosensitive resistance and thermal resistance,
respectively.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Photosensitive resistor Rx and resistance R2 bleeder circuit, light intensity changes, microcontroller P1.7 pin input voltage changes, and P1.7 pin can be set up for MD conversion interface, set a threshold voltage for light intensity can distinguish between day and night. Thermal resistor Rx and R3 bleeder circuit, the temperature changes, P1.5 pin voltage change, the figure 1 watch NA L/D conversion control circuit green quality can calculate the actual environment temperature and time control to modify parameters. S1 for four dial the code switch, can be used to think.
1.1 hardware design
System hardware modules include: control module, mining Use 89 c51 to realize on STC; Sensor module, Using photosensitive resistance on the surrounding environment light Sample, using photosensitive diode on-off to street lamp equipment Obstacle detection; The clock module, using DS1302 clock chip Slice; Display module, which is made up of four LED digital tube, use To display the fault street lamp number; Sound and light alarm module, Implementation of malfunctioning of the street lamp light hint; Communication moduleBlocks, used to transmit commands from PC.
1.2 module function
On STC 89 c51 based on DS1302 clock chip Provide the clock signal, according to the following time implementation control Turn off the lights.
图一
图二
光敏电阻Rx与电阻R2组成分压电路，光强变化时，单片机P1.7引脚输入电压变化，P1.7引脚可设置为MD转换接口，为光强设置一个临界电压即可区分白天和黑夜。
热敏电阻Rx与R3组成分压电路，温度变化时，P1．5引脚电压变化，经图1控制电路绿色质量观察L NA／D转换可计算实际环境温度，以修改时间控制参数。
s1为4位拨码开关，可用于认为设定参数，以增加控制器的灵活性。
1.1 硬件设计
系统硬件模块包含：控制模块，采用STC 89C51单片机实现；传感器模块，采用光敏电阻实现对周围环境光照度的采样，采用光敏二极管通断进行路灯设备。