Lecture2英语专业教学课件
Lecture 2 古希腊罗马神话 英文版 教学课件
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The Olympian Gods (
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• Athena (Minerva 密涅瓦): Goddess of wisdom, arts and crafts (制造技艺), and war; daughter of Zeus. • Apollo (Apollo): God of sun, prophecy, medicine, music, poetry, and archery (箭术); son of Zeus. • Artemis (Diana): Goddess of Moon, hunting, and chastity (贞 洁); daughter of Zeus and twin sister of Apollo. - 阿耳忒弥斯
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• •
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Vocabulary
• • • • 1. Demeter (Ceres): cereal: 谷物 2. Ares (Mars) marshal: n.& v. (陆军,空军) 元帅, 列举,排列,整理 martial: 好战的,军事的 martial art: 武艺,武术 (kungfu功夫) martial law: 军事管制法,戒严令 3. Hestia (Vesta) vestal: adj. & n. 贞洁的,纯洁的,贞 洁的女人,处女
Hestia(Vesta)
• Hestia (Vesta) was the Greek goddess of the hearth (壁炉前的地板) or fireplace (壁炉) and symbol of the home and family, the eldest daughter of Cronus and Rhea. Because of the importance of fire in life, the hearth was worshiped daily throughout the Greek world, with her sacred fire (圣火) burning and prayers offered to her before and after meal. In Rome, there was a small round temple honoring Vesta in the Forum of Rome (罗马广 场). In the temple she was represented not by a statue but by a fire burning on an altar (祭坛), which was kept burning continuously by priestesses known as vestal virgins. There were six vestal virgins, young unmarried women, and each of them served for 30 years, enjoying certain special rights in Roman political affairs and greatly respected by the people.
高级英语第二册课件PPt,教材
( magazine + catalog) 杂志目录
Blends
comint ( communications + intelligence) 通讯情报
reasons to stay
1. He is a self-employed businessman Magna product -- the name of his company implication: How great the loss it would be if the house was destroyed. 2. His present house was in a better condition than his former house.
2. To be acquainted with some literary terms
3. To learn to use words to describe disasters and violence
4. To appreciate the language features 5. To learn to write a story about disasters.
dust which moves in a relatively narrow path can be devastating in its destructiveness.*image-1* cyclone -- a vortex, usually hundreds of miles in diameter*image-2*
英语文体与修辞课件：+Lecture+2
Lecture 2 Phonological Rhetoric and StylisticsStep I lead-inWilliam Somerset Maugham(1874-1965): “Words have sound, weight and appearance, and only by considering this can you write a sentence that is good to look at and good to listen to.”Leibniz认为人类的原始语言是根据拟声原则而创造出来的。
如：尽管语言体系不同，但是爸妈的发音却是如此相近。
“妈妈”称呼在英语中是mum，法语中是maman，俄语中是MaMa，德语中是Mama；“爸爸”，在英语也称为papa，法语称为papa，德语称为papa。
《论语·里仁》解释为“子曰：‘父母之年，不可不知也。
一则以喜，一则以惧。
’”，即“父”、“母”是模拟婴儿高兴、恐惧时发出的无意识自然呼唤声而误会成的拟声词。
（陈北郊1999）Step II Sound symbolismTwo large categories of sound speech: Consonants and V owelsThe description of English consonantsPhonology aims to discover how speech sounds in a language form patterns, and how these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic communication.Alexander Pope(1688-1744)“The sound must seem an echo to the sense.”语音和思想必须产生共鸣。
新编英语教程2第三版第6单元课件
Learners will gain practical tips for integrating into the local community and making the most of their study experience in the UK.
语法点解析
在这一部分，我们将深入探讨文本中的语法点。我们将学习如何识别不同的句子类型、时态、语态和语气，以及如何理解这些语法点在文本中的作用。此外，我们还将学习如何纠正常见的语法错误，提高我们的语言准确性。
03
Language skills training
Reading for main ideas: Teaching students to quickly understand the main idea of a passage, by skimming through the text and identifying key sentences or paragraphs.
Following a conversation: Instructing students to follow a conversation and understand the relationships between speakers and their contributions to the discussion.
03
Teach students to set learning goals, manage their learning time and resources, and evaluate their own learning progress.
Lecture 2
2. How do you do? •
（好） 你好吗？
• Fine，thank you. • （饭，三克 油。） 很好，谢谢。 • Very well, thanks. • （外瑞 威尔，三克斯。） • 很好，谢谢。
问候基本句型
3. Good morning!
早上好！ Good afternoon! 下午好！ Good evening! 晚上好！ 4. How is …? …好吗？ 3. Good morning! Good afternoon! Good even I’m(=I am)… (爱 母…) 我是… • I’m from...
（爱 母 芙蓉母…)
我是来自于...
介绍的相关词汇
• name ( 内母) 名字 • what (沃特) 什么 • is (一子) 是 are(阿) 是 • his 他的 my(卖) 我的 her(喝) 她的 your(哟) 你的 • he() 他 I（爱） 我 she(睡) 她 you（油） 你 • son （桑） 儿子 daughter（多特）女儿
• 早上好！ • 下午好！ • 晚上好！
• （Good!） • Goodbye!
• 故的 • 故的拜
• （好！） • 再见！
问候基本句型
1. Hello! /Hi! 你好！ 1. Hello! /Hi!
2. How do you do?第一次见面时用
（好 度 油 度？） 你好吗？
How are you?熟悉后用
•
4. …is fine，thank you. And you? • （…一字 饭，三克 油。安的油） …很好，谢谢。你呢？ • …is very well, thanks. • （…一字 外瑞 威尔，三克斯。） • …很好，谢谢。
英语专业高级英语第二册Lesson2课件
The Washington Post (1)
Type: Daily newspaper Format: Broadsheet(大幅纸张 ) Owner: Washington Post Company Founded: 1877
Headquarters: 1150 15th Street, N.W. Washington, D.C., UniБайду номын сангаасed States Circulation: 673,180 Daily 890,163 Sunday (Apr. 2008)
Front page for Sunday, October 25, 2009.
The Washington Post (2)
The Washington Post is Washington, D.C.'s largest newspaper and its oldest, founded in 1877. Located in the capital of the United States, The Post has a particular emphasis on national politics. The Post is generally regarded among the leading daily American newspapers, along with The New York Times, which is known for its general reporting and international coverage, and The Wall Street Journal, which is known for its financial reporting. The Post has distinguished itself through its political reporting on the workings of the White House, Congress, and other aspects of the U.S. government.
英语词汇学 Lecture 2
3. Translation Loans 译借词
(1) Definition Translation loans are words and expressions formed from the existing material in the English language but modelled on the patterns taken from another language. (2) Examples
Summary of the definition
1. A minimal free form of a language 语言中的一 个最小的自由形式 2. A sound unity 一个声音单位 3. A unit of meaning 一个意义单位 4. A form that can function alone in a sentence 一 个能在句中独立发挥作用的形式 A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound, meaning and syntactic function.
2. Aliens非同化词 (1) Definition Aliens are borrowed words which have retained their original pronunciation and spelling. (2)Examples Décor Kowtow Bazaar Rajar Status Intermezze Emir blitzkrieg
• Native words and borrowed words (by origin)本族语词和借词
The obvious characteristics of basic word stock:
Lesson 2 高英第二册PPT教学课件
bread. P.6 Result I tore off a piece and he stowed it gratefully in some
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Teaching plan
• About the author • Introduction to the passage • Background • Stylistic Analysis
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About the Author
George Orwell: pseudonym of Eric Arthur Blair (1903-50), an English writer. born in Motihari, Bengal, India. Concerned with the sociopolitical conditions of his time.
• P.9 Working conditions, dress: ... all dressed in the long black robe, and black cap, working in dark cave-like flyinfested booths. Example 1: a carpenter
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IV. The Old Women
P.16 Topic/statement All people who work with their hands are
英语语言学 Lecture 2 - speech sounds
A New Seaghsounds of spoken English≠letters of written English↓InternationalPhonetic Alphabet →IPAIPA is a standardized and internally accepted system of phonetic transcription.Its basic principle is using a different letter for each distinguishable speech sounds. With minor modification it is now still used by phoneticians and linguists.The International Phonetic Alphabet (Revised to 2005)only some of the sounds →units in the language system.study from various perspectives ↓PhoneticsPhonologyPhonetics -studies how speech sounds are produced, transmitted, and perceived.Articulatory Phonetics- the study of the production of speech sounds.Acoustic Phonetics- the study of the physical properties of speech sounds. Perceptual or Auditory Phonetics - concerned with the perception of speech sounds.- the study of the sound patterns and sound systems of languages. Aim- discover the principles that govern the way sounds are organized in languages, and to explain the variations that occur.1- analyze an individual language, say English, in order to determine itsphonological structure, i.e. whichsound units are used and how they are put together.2- compare the properties of sound systems in different languages in order to make hypotheses about the rulesthat underlie the use of sounds inthem, and3- ultimately discover the rules that underlie the sound patterns of alllanguages.nasal cavityoral cavitypharyngealcavityThe three resonating cavitiesSpeech Organs 1.lips 2.teeth 3.teeth ridge (alveolar) 4.hard palate 5.soft palate (velum) 6.uvula 7.tip of the tongue 8.blade of the tongue 9.front of the tongue 10.back of the tongue11.vocal cords1 2 1 234 567 8 910 11MouthConsonants are produced ‘by a closure in the vocal tract, or by a narrowing which is so marked that air cannot escape without producing audible friction’.By contrast, a vowel is produced without such ‘stricture’ so that ‘air escapes in a relatively unimpeded way through the mouth or nose’.The distinction between vowels and consonants lies in the obstruction of airstream.As there is no obstruction of air in the production of vowels, the description of the consonants and vowels cannot be done along the same lines.The place of articulation refers to the point where a consonant is made.Consonants - any place between the lips and the vocal folds.Bilabial双唇音*[w] tongue body raises to velum →labia-velar[f], [v]Upper teeth & Lower lip 唇齿音[ð], [θ]Tongue tip/blade & teeth 齿音[t], [d], [s], [z], [n], [l] , [ ]tongue tip/blade&alveolar ridge齿龈音[ſ],[3],([tſ],[d3])tongue tip&back of the alveolar ridge 后齿龈音[j][k], [g], [η], [w] [h] Palatal 硬腭音Velars 软腭音Glottal 声门音[ ] - 书[ u] [ ][ ] [ ] Retroflex 卷舌音Uvular 小舌音Pharyngeal喉音Place of Articulation Bilabial [p], [b], [m], [w] Labiodental [f], [v]Dental [ð], [θ]Alveolar [t], [d], [s], [z], [n], [l], Post-alveolar [ſ], [3],Palatal [j]Velar [k], [g], [η], [w] Glottal [h]RetroflexUvularPharyngealComplete closure(articulators)→ airstreamcannot escapethrough themouth.1.Closing phasepression3.release [p], [b], [k], [g], [t], [d]爆破音（plosive）Most sounds are produced orally, with the velum raised, preventing air flow from entering the nasal cavity. However, when the velum is lowered and the airstream is allowed to flow out through the nose to produce sounds -nasals. [m][n][η]鼻音air stream partially obstructed and turbulent airflow is produced [f], [v] [ð], [θ] [s], [z] [ſ], [3] [h]摩擦音one articulator is close to another, but without the vocal tract being narrowed for turbulent air stream[w][j]无摩擦延续音（半元音）obstruction in the incomplete closure between one or both sides of the tongue and the roof of the mouth [l]边音塞擦音a stop followedimmediately by africativean articulator is set vibrating by the airstream [r] ( )颤音only one vibration is produced [ ]触音/闪音[p] [b] [f] [v] [m] Voiceless bilabial stopVoiced bilabial stopVoiceless labiodental fricative Voiced labiodental fricative Bilabial nasal。
英语专业语法书Lecture 2 Subject-verb__ Concord
Lecture 2 Subject-verb Concord (1)By subject-verb concord is meant agreement between subject and predicate verb in number.2. 1 Guiding principlesThere are three principles guiding subject-verb concord; they are principles of grammatical concord, notional concord and proximity.1) Grammatical concordThe principle of grammatical concord refers to the rule that the verb must match its subject in number. If the subject is plural, the verb should take the plural form; if, on the other hand, the subject is singular or is a 'mass noun, the verb should take the singular form, eg:Both boys have their own merits.Every girl comes on time.Much effort is wasted.Difficulties arise when this principle comes into conflict with the other two principles: principle of notional concord and principle of proximity.2) Notional concordThe principle of notional concord refers to the rule that the verb can sometimes agree with the subject according to the notion of number rather than to the actual presence of the grammatical marker for that notion, eg:The government have asked the country to decide by a vote.Fifteen miles seems like a long walk to me.3) ProximityThe principle of proximity denotes agreement of the verb with a closely preceding noun phrase in preference to agreement with the head of the noun phrase that functions as subject, eg:Either my brothers or my father is coming.No one except his own supporters agree with him.Neither Julia nor I am going.Note that grammatical concord is the basic principle, but when the subject is realized by a collective noun, a coordinate form or an expression of quantity, the other two principles will have to be considered.2.2 Problems of concord with nouns ending in -sThere are quite a few nouns that end in -s but which are not countable. Some of these nouns are treated as singular, some as plural, and some either as singular or as plural. All this can be dealt with under the following headings.1) Disease and game names ending in -sNames of diseases ending in -s are mostly treated as singular, but there are a few suchnames (as measles and rickets) which can be used either as singular or as plural. Game names ending in -s are generally used as singular with the exception of cards which is usually treated as plural.2) Subject names ending in -icsNames of subjects ending in -ics are generally singular nouns, but some such nouns are treated as plural when used in other senses than subject names. Compare: Acoustics is the science of sound.The acoustics in the new concert hall are faultless.Economics is a required course for all the students.The economics of the project are still being considered.3) Geographical names ending in -sGeographical names such as the names of archipelagos, mountain ranges, straits and falls are generally used as plural, except for a few treated as singular when used as country names, eg:The Himalayas have a magnificent variety of plant and animal life.The Straits of Gibraltar have not lost their strategic importance.In early January 1976, the Netherlands was hit by its worst storm since 1953.4) Other nouns ending in -sNames for things made of two parts such as scissors, pincers, etc are usually used as plural. But when they are preceded by such unit nouns as a pair of and two pairs of, the number form of the following verb is generally determined by the number marker of the unit noun.Nouns usually taking plural endings such as archives, arms and clothes are generally used as plural with the exception of whereabouts, dramatics, etc which may be treated eith6r as plural or as singular.Nouns ending in -ings such as clippings, diggings, etc are generally used as plural with the exception of tidings which can be used both ways. There are also nouns such as barracks and headquarters whose singular and plural number share the same form. These nouns are treated as plural when used in the plural sense, or vice versa.2.3 Problems of concord with collective nouns as subjectCollective nouns are singular in form but plural in meaning. The choice between grammatical and notional concord is mostly dictated by usage.1) Collective nouns usually used as pluralThese include people, police, cattle, militia, poultry, vermin, etc:The Chinese people are a great people.Domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef and hides.2) Collective nouns usually used as singularThese include foliage, machinery, equipment, furniture, merchandise, etc:All the merchandise has arrived undamaged.All the machinery in the factory is made in China.3) Collective nouns used either as plural or as singularThere are collective nouns that can be used either as plural or as singular. The choice of the verb form following such nouns depends on the exact meaning of the noun in a specific context. When the noun is used in the sense of a collective as a whole, the verb takes the singular form. If, on the other hand, the noun is used in the sense of the individuals that make the collective, the verb takes the plural form. Compare:The anti-crime committee is to make, its report tomorrow.The committee are divided in opinion about this problem.That group of soldiers is a top-notch fighting unit.That group of soldiers have the best ratings of individual performance.4) A committee of, etc + plural nounWhen a plural noun is preceded by a committee of / a board of / a panel of, the verb usually takes the singular form, eg:A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter.The board of directors is responsible for the management of the company.Keys to the exercisesEx. 2Ae2.are3.has / have4.are5.are6.are7.was / were8.is9.costs10.were11.are12.are13.was14.are15.lie16.were17.are18.is19.is20.was21.Has23.is24.is25.are26.is27.are28.cover / are29.is / are30.was / were Ex. 2 B2.have3.is, is4.was5.were6.is7.is8.are9.is10.are, are11.have12.are, their, their13.was, it, was14.It / They, is / are15.are, their, they, disapprove16.were, they17.was18.are19.were20.were。
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➢ “Father of American Poetry” ➢ “Pioneer of the New
Romanticism” ➢ “A gifted and versatile lyric
poet”
1. Works
《美洲光辉的兴起》
• “The Rising Glory of America” (1772) • “The House of Night” (1779, 1786) • “The British Prison Ship” (1781) • “To the Memory of the Brave Americans” (1781) • “The Wild Honey Suckle” (1786) • “The Indian Burying Ground” (1788) • “The Dying Indian: Tomo Chequi”
• Philip Freneau: “The Wild Honey Suckle”
1. Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)
1. Works
《自传》
• The Autobiography • Poor Richard’s Almanack
《格言历书》
2. Life
Benjamin Franklin came from a Calvinist background. He was born into a poor candle-maker’s family. He had very little education. He learned in school only for two years, but he was a voracious reader. At 12, he was apprenticed to his elder half-brother, a printer. At 16, he began to publish essays under the pseudonym “Silence Do good” . At 17, he ran away to Philadelphia to make his own fortune. He set himself up as an independent printer and publisher. In 1727 he founded the Junto club.
Chapter Two Revolutionary Period (1775-1783)
“The Age of Reason” “American lightenment”
American Independence War
Reason: strict rules made by English government prevented the economic development of the colonies.
• It accelerates social progress, freeing people from the limitation set by prevailing Puritanism, making the spiritual preparation for American Revolution
• In the 18th century, America experienced an age of reason with Franklin as its spokesman
• Numerous pamphlets and printings were published. These works agitated revolutionary people not only in America but also around the world.
Franklin’s Contributions to the U.S.
He was the only American to sign the four documents that created the United States: The Declaration of Independence, The Treaty of Alliance with France, The Treaty of Peace with England, The Constitution
• 1节制 食不过饱，饮酒不醉。 2 少言 说话必须对别人或你自己有益；避免闲聊。 3 秩序 物归其所，事定期限。 4 决心 做应该做的事情；决心要做的事应坚持不懈。 5 俭朴 花钱必须于人于己有益；换言之，切忌浪费。 6 勤勉 不浪费时间，只做那些有用的事情，戒掉一切不必要的行动。 7 诚恳 不欺骗人；思想纯洁公正；说话也要如此。 8 公正 不做害人的事情，不要忘记履行对人有益而且又是你应尽的 义务。 9 适度 避免极端；要容忍别人对你应得的处罚。 10 清洁 身体、衣服和住所力求清洁。 11 节欲爱惜身体，不要有损于自己或他人的平静与名声。
➢ The Autobiography is a how-to-do-it book, a book on the art of self-improvement. (for example, Franklin’s 13 virtues)
➢ Through telling a success story of self-reliance, the book celebrates, in fact, the fulfillment of the American dream.
Significant events: In 1775, Lexington, beginning of the Independence War. June 4th ,1776, Thomas Jefferson , Declaration of Independence In1778， alliance with France, turning point for American army In 1778, English army surrendered. In 1783, formal recognition from Britain government
unnecessary actions. • 7. Sincerity: Use no hurtful deceit. Think innocently and justly; and, if you speak, speak
accordingly. • 8. Justice: Wrong none, by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty. • 9. Moderation: Avoid extremes. Forebear resenting injuries so much as you think they
• 12 镇静不要因为小事或普通的、不可避免的事故来扰乱自己。 13 谦逊 学习耶稣和苏格拉底。
Franklin’s Contributions to Society
He helped found the Pennsylvania Hospital. He founded an academy which led to the University of Pennsylvania. And he helped found the American Philosophical Society.
Leading writers and their works
• Thomas Jefferson(1743-1826): The Declaration of Independence (1776)
• Thomas Paine(1737-1809): Common Sense (1776)
• Benjamin Franklin: Autobiography
or the injury of your own or another's peace or reputation. • 12. Tranquility: Be not disturbed at trifles, or at accidents common or unavoidable. • 13. Humility: Imitate Jesus and Socrates.
3. Evaluation
➢ The Autobiography is a record of self-examination and self-improvement.
➢ Benjamin Franklin was a spokesman for the new order of the 18th century enlightenment
conversation. • 3. Order: Let all your things have their places. Let each part of your business have its
time. • 4. Resolution: Resolve to perform what you ought. Perform without fail what you
• The 18th-century American Enlightenment was a movement marked by an emphasis on education and reason, rather than tradition.