汉语兼语句英译的研究学位论文

摘要本论文意在研究汉语兼语句及其更好、更流畅的翻译方法。

通过分析兼语句和相关类似句型以及它们的翻译，比如：主谓结构作宾语、连动句、双宾语句等等。

首先，本文解释兼语句和类似句型的定义，然后将进行它们之间的对比以展示差异，最后讨论日常用到的兼语句的翻译方法。

在进行对比与翻译时，将使用来自不同译者、不同作品的译文来帮助更好地解释兼语句的用法和译法。

关键词：中文兼语句；英译；对比AbstractThe thesis aims to study the Chinese pivotal sentence and ways of translating it better and more fluently. Through analyzing the meaning and translation of the pivotal sentence and similar, related sentences, such as subject-predicate structures as object, sentences of verbal construction in series, double-object sentences etc, we can find out more cultural differences between Chinese and English. First, this thesis will explain the definitions of the pivotal sentence and those similar sentences, then, comparisons are made to show differences between them, and finally, ways of translating the pivotal sentences usually used are discussed. Comparisons will be made through extracts from different translators and translations of different works to help better explain the usages and translating methods of the pivotal sentence.Key words: Chinese pivotal sentence; translation into English; comparisonTable of ContentsAbstract (i)摘要 (ii)1. Introduction (1)1.1 Literature review (1)1.2 Significance of Research on the Translation of the Chinese Simple Sentence ........................................ 1-21.3 Structure of this Paper (2)2. Definition and Types of the Pivotal Sentence (3)2.1 Definition of the Chinese Pivotal Sentence (3)2.2 Types of Pivotal Sentences (3)2.2.1 The Pre-pivot Verb Denotes Request, Permission or Compelling (3)2.2.2 The Pre-pivot Verb Denotes Emotion or Evaluation (4)2.2.3 The Pre-pivot Verb Denotes Naming, Choice or Appointment (4)2.2.4 The Pre-pivot Verb Denotes Cause and Effect (4)2.2.5 The Pre-pivot Verb Denotes Possesion or Existence (4)3. Difference between the Pivotal Sentence and Some Other Patterns (5)3.1 Difference between the Pivotal Sentence and a Sentence with Subject-predicate Structure as Object....5-6 3.2 Difference between the Pivotal Sentence and a Sentence with Verbal Construction in Series.. (6)3.3 Difference between the Pivotal Sentence and the Double-object Sentence (6)4. Various Ways of translating the Pivotal Sentence (7)4.1 Translation of a Pivotal Sentence Whose Pre-pivot Verb Denotes Request, Order or Permission (7)4.2 Translation of a Pivotal Sentence Whose Pre-pivot Verb Denotes Emotion or Evaluation…………..….7-8 4.3 Translation of a Pivotal Sentence Whose Pre-pivot Verb Denotes Naming, Choice or appointment…. .8-9 4.4 Translation of a Pivotal Sentence Whose Pre-pivot Verb Denotes Cause and Effect………………….... .94.5 Translation of a Pivotal Sentence Whose Pre-pivot Verb Denotes Possession or Existence………….9-105. Conclusion (11)6. References (12)5. Acknowledgement (13)1. Introduction1.1 Literature ReviewNowadays, China is growing stronger as our government carried out many macroeconomic policies to facilitate hundreds of thousands of Chinese’living condition as well as the globalization narrowing gap between countries. The world is witnessing the increase of China’s national power, with the result that Chinese is widely heard all over the world, and more and more foreigners are eager to learn Chinese in their spare time. After 5000 years’inheritance, change and development, Chinese preserved the essence of our long history and absorbed strengths of other languages. For us Chinese, carrying forward our language and having a better understanding of Chinese-English translation are quite crucial. The pivotal sentence, commonly used by everybody and everyday, plays an important role in our daily communication even after long history of vicissitude.There are a large amount of people both from China and abroad contribute a lot in the area of studying translation between Chinese and English, yet in the area of translating Chinese pivotal sentence, the figure is quite small. Some researchers have written a number of short articles about the translation of the pivotal sentences, they tried, firstly, to tell the readers a simple fact that what is Chinese pivotal sentence, how it is structured, and how it can be translated according to characters of its certain types, for example, that published in December 1982, then republished again in 2003, book analyzing translation which was written by several scholars in Xi’an tried to explore the translation of the Chinese pivotal sentence into English, yet the ways of translating only accounted for two pages; publishing his short thesis in Journal of Southeast Guizhou National Teacher’s College in 2000, teacher Peng Sixiang classified and explained ways of translating the Chinese pivotal sentence in his own way by the helps of few relevant materials in Chinese, English and even Japanese. However, such literatures are scanty and limited because there are too few scholars devoted to the study of translating the Chinese pivotal sentence into English, it is hard to find out some useful materials, if any, they usually appear in grammar books covering only a few pages or one page, even a few lines, let alone any authoritative works at home or abroad.What my work focuses on in this area is summarized from relevant knowledge, helping to extend the value of study, and what’s more significant, to call for more attention to this area from the public.1.2 Significance of Research on the Translation of the Chinese Simple SentenceChinese civilization is extensive and profound; every sentence represents the combination of modern and cultural tradition. Through communication in politics, commerce and culture, China has learnt a lot from other countries, including language. In order to promote social and human progress, Chinese should be better understood by other countries. As the basic communication tool, English simple sentences are classified into five types: SV (subject + verb), SVC (subject + verb + complement), SVO (subject +verb +object), SVOO (subject + verb+indirect object + direct object) and SVOC (subject +verb +object + object complement). We use them frequently when we communicate in English. However, it is a big problem to translate every Chinese sentence into English so that communication may be easier, because Chinese sentences cannot be twisted into English directly, they need some changes. For example,(1)用英语怎么说?The translation can not be: “How to use English to say?” The correct translation should be “How do you say it in English?” because the former isn’t correct English, but typical Chinglish imposing the Chinese sentence pattern on English.(2)It is a wise man that never makes mistakes.Most Chinese will translate this sentence like this: 聪明的人是不会犯错误的. However, the correct translation of this sentence is :再聪明的人也会犯错误or 智者千虑必有一失. Here, the reason why we make mistakes in translating it is not only our lack of knowledge in English culture but also we don’t know well about the structure of grammar.The above sentences are simple one, but complex sentences are based on simple sentences. If one is unable to translate simple sentences, translation of complex ones will be out of the question. Therefore, the translation of the simple sentence is of great value.1.3 Structure of this PaperThis paper consists of five parts. The first part is an introduction, which makes a review of the literature on the study of the Chinese pivotal sentence and discusses the significance of this kind of study. The second part deals with the definition of the pivotal sentence and its classification. The third part distinguishes the differences between the pivotal sentence and some other pattern that look like it on the surface. Then, we come to the paramount part - the translation of the pivotal sentence, where the translation of its five sub-types is discussed, illustrated with daily-used sentences and sentences from translations of books by famous translators. At the end is the conclusion.2. Definition and Types of the Pivotal Sentence2.1 Definition of the Chinese Pivotal SentenceThe predicate of the Chinese pivotal sentence consists of a verb-object phrase and subject-predicate phrase, but these two phrases are not independent of each other, but interconnected to each other, that is, the object of the verb-object phrase is at the same time the subject of the subject-predicate phrase. For example: 你请他来(You invite him to come), in this Chinese sentence, the object of “请” is “他”, and on the other hand, “他” also serves as subject of “来”. This kind of Chinese sentence is named the pivotal sentence, and “他” is the pivot. This English name comes from the fact that the segment that serves both as the object of the first verb and the subject of the second verb is like a pivot—a short shaft around which something turns.What’s more, the second verb in the pivotal sentence does not have any subject-predicate relationship with the sentence’s subject, that is, the two verbs in a pivotal sentence’s predicate do not share the same subject. The predicate of a pivotal sentence’s subject-predicate phrase can be adjective, subject-predicate phrase, noun or, mostly, verb.For example:(3)这个消息使我很高兴。