中考复习之记叙文阅读(一)共38页文档
2024年中考语文专题复习：现代文阅读理解之记叙文解题方法(文题理解与拓展运用)含答案
中考语文复习——现代文阅读理解之记叙文解题方法文题理解与拓展运用一、文题理解1.解题方法(1)把握文题的象征、双关义：一般从表层(字面义)和深层(引申义、比喻义、象征义)两个方面来分析。
如高尔基的《海燕》以“海燕”为文题象征勇猛坚强、乐观自信,富于献身精神的无产阶级革命先驱者形象。
(2)把握作者的感情：有的文题是对作者内在感情的一种概括，或是作者寄托情感的事物，我们要结合文章内容分析作者情感，准确理解其含义。
如《枣核》无疑是宣泄海外华人思乡之情的感情出发点，亦即标题的含义。
(3)概括文章的主要内容：如《阿长与〈山海经〉》就概括了文章的主要内容，突出阿长为“我”买《山海经》这件事，表现阿长的真诚、善良和乐于助人，表明“我”的感激和怀念。
(4)寻找文章线索：即通过了解文章的背景或梳理的线索深层次地理解文章。
如《背影》就以标题“背影”充当线索表现父子深情。
2.文题的作用(1)散文文题的作用：①交代文章内容；②点明文章主旨；③交待行文线索；④具有象征意义；⑤设置悬念，引起读者阅读兴趣等。
(2)小说文题的作用：①突出主题；②设置悬念；③贯穿全章的线索；④塑造和突出人物形象；⑤推动情节的发展。
二、拓展运用1.感受启示题：联系文章内容，从不同的角度(如主旨、具体语句、具体情节、具体形象)谈。
先用一句话概括自己的看法或体会，再用两三句话谈谈理由，可以摆事实、也可以讲道理，如题目有相关要求，还要注意结合自己的亲身经历。
面不宜太宽，最好抓住其中的一点，写出自己的创意。
例1：(同第2讲例文《一把芳香的泥土》)1.结合全文内容，说说标题中“芳香”一词在文中的含义。
【思路点拨】理解文题一般从表层和深层两个方面来分析。
文中“芳香”表面指土壤的香，实则象征泥土无私、伟大、宽容的精神。
【参考答案】“芳香”本指故乡“山地上的土壤是砂土质的，干净、爽气”，闻起来是芳香的。
实际上在这里象征泥土的精神。
泥土是无私、伟大、宽容的。
它一声不吭地奉献着。
中考语文记叙文阅读(附答案)
中考语文记叙文阅读训练（一）阅读下面文章，完成第1—7题。
⑴明媚的三月三如期来临。
然而，三月三留给我印象最深的，不是野外风筝飘飞的轻盈和艳丽，而是奶奶用刀砍树的声音。
⑵“三月三，砍枣儿干……”每到这个时候，奶奶都会这么低唱着，在清凉的阳光中，手拿一把银亮的刀，节奏分明地向院子里的枣树砍去。
那棵粗壮的枣树就静静地站在那里，用饱含沧桑的容颜，默默地迎接着刀的洗礼。
⑶“奶奶，您为什么要砍树？树不疼吗？”我问。
在我的心里，这丑陋的树皮就像穷人的棉袄一样，虽然不好看，却是它们执御冰雪严寒的珍贵铠甲。
尽管冬天已经过去，可现在还有料峭的春寒啊。
奶奶这么砍下去，不是会深深地伤害它们吗？难道奶奶不知道“人活一口气，树活一张皮”吗？我甚至偷偷地想，是不是这枣树和奶奶结下了什么仇呢？⑷“小孩子不许多嘴！”奶奶严厉地呵斥着我，把我赶到一边，继续自顾自地砍下去，一刀又一刀……⑸那时候，每到秋季，当我吃着甘甜香脆的枣时，我都会想起奶奶手里凛凛的刀光，心里就会暗暗为这大难不死的枣树__________。
惊悸和疑惑当然也有，但是却再也不肯多问一句。
⑹多年之后，我长大了。
当这件事情几乎已经被我淡忘的时候，在一个远近闻名的梨乡，我又重温了童年的一幕。
⑺也是初春，也是三月三，漫山遍野的梨树刚刚透出一丝清新的绿意。
也是雪亮的刀，不过却不是一把，而是成百上千把。
这些刀在梨树千上跳跃飞舞，像一个个微缩的芭蕾女郎。
梨农们砍得也是那样细敢，那样用心，其认真的程度绝不亚于我的奶奶。
他们________地砍着，仿佛在精雕细刻着一幅幅令人沉醉的作品。
梨树的皮屑一层层地洒落下来，仿佛是它们伤痛的记忆，又仿佛是它们陈旧的冬衣。
⑻“老伯，这树为什么要这样砍呢？”我问一个正在挥刀的老人。
我隐隐约约地感到，他们和奶奶如此一致的行为背后，一定有一个共同的理由。
这个理由，就是我童年里没有知晓的那个谜底．．。
⑼“你们读书人应该知道，树干是用来输送养料的。
这些树睡了一冬，如果不砍砍，就长得太快了。
初中语文中考阅读理解专题一 记叙文阅读(含散文、小说)PPT课件(附Word练习)
探究 文章内 容
12.分析关 键词语指 代的内容 — ( 3分 )
——
考情分析
从近几年的安徽中考试题来看,记叙文阅读材料来自课外,材料内容文质兼美,
人文内涵丰富,阅读材料主要是散文,内容涉及亲情、友情、乡情、成长等。
考题多样,主要包括概括文章内容,梳理行文思路,品味词句的含意及表达效果,
2020 安徽
六要素 举例
时间、地点、人物,事件的起因、经过和结果
朱自清《背影》:那年冬天( 时间 ),南京火车站( 地点 ),“我”( 人 物 )坐火车去北京( 起因 ),父亲( 人物 )来车站送“我”( 经 过 ),“我”看着父亲离开的背影,“我的眼泪又来了”( 结果 )。
名师考点精讲
3.记叙人称
特点 第 一 作用 人 称 举例
名师考点精讲
插叙和补叙的区别:①插叙插入的是基本事件之外的有关情况,去掉它不影响事件本 身的完整性;补叙补入的是基本事件发展之中的有机环节,去掉它会影响事件本身的 完整性。②补叙可以在篇中,也可以在篇末;插叙只能在篇中,不能在篇末。
5.记叙线索
定义 事件线索 举例
定义 人物线索 举例
实物线索
定义 举例
第 特点
二 人
作用
称 举例
以“我”“我们”的角度展开叙述。 ①使文章具有真实性;②使叙述亲切自然;③便于作者直接表达自己的 思想感情。
鲁迅《孔乙己》:从“我”这个酒馆伙计的角度描写了孔乙己这一人物的 悲惨命运。
用“你”“你们”来叙述,使作者与读者直接交流。 ①增加亲切感,拉近与读者的距离;②便于对话,便于抒情,有呼告效果,增 加感染力。
14.探 究文中 重要事 物的内 涵( 6 分)
考情分析
考查知识点及分值
【中考英语总复习 考点专项练习】38 阅读理解之记叙文(原卷版)
专项38 阅读理解之记叙文一、材料特点人物故事类的阅读理解是中考英语的常考材料之一。
这类文章一般可分为人物传记和短篇故事两类。
1. 人物传记主要涉及某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长和奋斗历程等，其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，脉络清楚，可读性较强。
2. 短篇故事与人物传记不同的是，这类文章一般描述的是某一件具体事情的发生发展或结局，有人物、时间、地点和事件。
命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的态度及意图、故事前因和后果的推测等方面着手，考查考生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。
二、解题技巧1. 阅读人物传记类文章时应该抓住时间线索来获取有关信息，即主人翁在某个时间做过什么，然后通过分析推理、综合归纳的方法进行解题。
2. 阅读短篇故事类材料时，同学们一定要根据主要情节掌握文章主旨大意，同时抓住每一个细节，设身处地地根据文章内容揣摩作者的态度和意图，根据情节展开想象，这样的话即使是深层理解题也可迎刃而解。
A（2022·山东东营·中考真题）I’m good in school. I do my work and study a lot, but for some reason, I have a very bad habit of losing things.Last summer, I was on vacation with my family at the beach. On the first day, my father gave me a watch to take the place of the one I had lost the year before. “You need to have a watch, so take good care of this one,” he said.The next day, I went swimming. The sun was shining on the water. The water was warm and beautiful. I swam. I floated (漂浮). I dove (潜水). I really enjoyed being in the water.By the time I returned to beach, I was quite tired so I lay down. At that moment, I remembered my watch and looked to see what time it was. But it was gone! I searched all afternoon, but I could not find it.That night at dinner, I arrived with my sleeves (衣袖) pulled down, hoping no one would notice that I didn’t have my watch.My sister asked, “What time is it?”“Ask Tom,” my mother said. “He has the expensive new watch.”Dad looked at me and said, “Don’t tell me that you’ve lost the watch already!”“No!” I said. I was sweating (出汗) with great fear. I knew I was going to be caught in a terrible lie (谎言). Just then, there was an announcement，“Ladies and gentlemen, a very nice watch was found on the beach today. If you lost one and can identify (确认) it, please come to the front desk.”Immediately (立刻), I knew what I had to do. I slowly got up, with my whole family staringat me. I went to the desk. There it was. The watch was not broken. It was still working.I walked back to the table, sat down and said in a low voice, “I’m sorry I didn’t tell the truth.” My family smiled. They knew that I had finally learned my lesson.1．Tom’s father gave him a new watch because Tom _________.A．needed one B．was on vacation C．disliked his old one D．behaved well at school2．What did Tom do when he found the watch was gone?A．He told his father about that.B．He asked the front desk for help.C．He spent all afternoon searching for it.D．He did nothing and continued lying on the beach.3．How might Tom feel after saying “No”?A．Upset.B．Worried.C．Relaxed.D．Disappointed. 4．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A．Tom studies hard.B．Tom swims well.C．Tom always tells lies.D．Tom often loses things.5．What does the underlined word “lesson” in the last sentence refer to?A．Take good care of our things.B．It’s important to listen to parents.C．We should excuse others’ mistakes.D．Face mistakes bravely rather than telling lies.B（2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）In the cave, I saw gold coins in a corner. They were Flint’s treasure! We had come so far to find this. Already it had cost the lives of seventeen men from the Hispaniola. And how many others? How many ships had gone to the bottom of the sea? How many brave men had been killed for this? Perhaps no man alive could tell.Next morning, we moved all the gold to the beach. Then we took it by boat to the Hispaniola.It was a big job for so small a number of men.Then at last, one sunny morning, we sailed out of North Inlet and towards the nearest port (港口) in Spanish America. Before afternoon, Treasure Island had disappeared from view, and I had never felt happier to leave a place behind.The sun was going down when we sailed into the port, and the doctor and Mr Trelawney took me to the beach. When we came back, Ben Gunn was waiting for us.“Silver has gone,” he told us, “but not empty-handed. He’s taken one of the bags of coins perhaps worth three or four hundred guineas.”I think we were all pleased to lose the bad man at so small a price.We found some sailors for the ship at the port, and then had a good journey home. Only five of the men who had sailed from Bristol with the Hispaniola returned with her. We all took a large piece of the treasure. Some used it wisely, but some did not.Captain Smollett no longer goes to sea. Gray saved his money and now is a half-owner and captain of a fine ship. Ben Gunn got a thousand pounds which he spent or lost in three weeks, then he came begging and was given a job as a gatekeeper.Of Silver we have heard no more. That scary seaman with one leg has gone out of my life. I will never return to Treasure Island, but in my worst dreams I still hear the sharp, high cries of Captain Flint the parrot, “Pieces of eight! Pieces of eight!”—Adapted from Treasure Island 6．What do you know from Paragraph 1?A．Seventeen people left the island on the ship.B．There were so many gold coins in the ships.C．Many people lost their lives for the treasure.D．Only the writer found gold coins in the cave.7．Which is the right order of the story?a. We sailed into the port.b. We sailed out of North Inlet.c. We moved all the gold to the beach.d. we took it by boat to the Hispaniola.A．c-b-d-a B．c-d-b-a C．b-a-d-c D．b-d-a-c8．Which was true about Silver?A．He left with a bag of gold.B．He took the writer to the beach.C．He left with empty hands.D．He went home with the writer.9．The underlined word “her” refers to ________.A．Treasure Island B．North InletC．Bristol D．the Hispaniola10．What does the passage mainly talk about?A．A story about living on an island.B．A story about taking a relaxing trip.C．A story about looking for treasure.D．A story about finding different jobs.C（2022·山东菏泽·三模）Luis Morales is 18 years old and comes from a tiny village in Colombia. Until about seven years ago one of Luis’s favorites was to go into the thick forest around his home to hunt（猎杀）wild animals, especially birds. Now, however, he and a group of other local youths work with an international organization called Wildlife World, to study and protect the birds and their environment.Wildlife World has set up several of these groups across the area. “Information we get from the children helps us learn how the birds and other animals use the forest, what they eat and how best we can protect them. The project has worked very well and we hope to set up more groups in the future,” says area leader Felipe Ramos.Luis is the oldest and most experienced member of his group. “Before I joined, I planned to be a doctor and leave the village as soon as I was old enough , ” Luis says. “ But now I want to go to university, become a scientist and return here to save these birds and their environment. Being part of the group has had a huge effect（影响）on me.”Luis also spends time with the younger children in the village. “There is not much to do here after school,” he says, “ so I try to ask them to join in our activities. As well as bird watching and nature studies, we also do drama and art. The drama has been successful and we now have a theater group of 30 children. We tour in the area, performing different plays.”11．Seven years ago, what was Luis’s attitude towards birds in the forest ?A．He knew they were in danger.B．He thought it was fun to hunt them.C．He was not interested in them at all.12．What do the children do for Wildlife World?A．They use the forest well.B．They help look after wildlife.C．They provide valuable information.13．To know what Luis does with the younger children in his village, we can read ________ .A．Paragraph 2B．Paragraph 3C．Paragraph 414．The writer wrote the passage mainly to ________.A．explain why environmental protection is importantB．show how Wildlife World has changed a boyC．suggest ways to help the environmentD（2022·山东·青岛市崂山区育才学校二模）During the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Taizong asked the prime minister Feng Deyi to look for talented people. However, several months passed, Feng didn’t find anyone.“I tried my best, but there are not unusual and well-rounded people at all,” Feng said.“People are like utensils (器物). What we need to do is to make good use of their strengths. You should blame (责怪) yourself for not noticing talented people. How could you say that there are no talented people in our country?” said the emperor.It is really true that each utensil or tool has a specific use. A knife is made to cut things while chopsticks are made to pick up food. We can’t use a knife as chopsticks. Like a utensil, each person has a special strength. Nobody is perfect. We can’t expect a person to be good at everything.With this idea in mind, Emperor Taizong discovered many talented people of different backgrounds. He offered them important positions, which helped them make the most of their talents. A good example is Ma Zhou, who grew up in a poor family. Ma gave a lot of useful advice, so Emperor Taizong offered him a position and promoted (晋升) him many times. Ma helped the emperor deal with difficult problems and became a famous person in history. During that period, the important officials around Emperor Taizong, such as Fang Xuanling, Wei Zheng, LiJing, all were the brightest and the best of the time with their own strong points.Emperor Taizong’s talented people helped the society develop and created a “golden age”. 15．Why couldn’t Feng Deyi find any talented people in Taizong’s opinion?A．His standards were wrong.B．There were no talented people then.C．He was afraid of being replaced.D．He wasn’t satisfied with the emperor.16．Knives and chopsticks are compared to ________.A．positions B．backgrounds C．tools D．people 17．Which of the following best explains “make the most of” in Paragraph 5?A．Come up with something.B．Have something in common.C．Put something to good use.D．Bring good luck to something.18．Ma Zhou is a good example of people who ________. A．have no talent but are still usefulB．are unusual and well-roundedC．know when to take a chanceD．show talent in the right field19．What is the main message of the story?A．Opportunity only comes to those who are prepared. B．Talented people should be valued and led to the right place. C．Nothing in the world is difficult if you put your heart into it. D．Appearance can be changed, but talent always stays the same.。
中考记叙文阅读复习教案
【篇一】中考记叙文阅读复习教案记叙文阅读解题技巧指导课题：品析语言课时：1课时方法：归纳法，讲练结合法教学目的:通过复习记叙文的相关知识,使学生初步掌握一般记叙文品析语言的答题技巧。
教学过程：一、导入记叙文的有关知识1、概念：以记叙、描写为主要表达方式，以写人记事，写景状物为主要内容的文章。
2、记叙文有狭义和广义之说。
狭义的记叙文是指记叙生活中真实存在的人和事。
包括：通讯、特写、游记、回忆录、访问记等。
广义的记叙文既包括一般的记叙性文章。
又包括记叙性的文学作品，如散文、小说、童话、寓言等。
二、记叙文考点中的常考考点：1．把握中心。
2．品析语言。
3．分析人物形象。
三、出示目标：品析语言。
四、指导与训练（一）、向学生介绍中考记叙文语言品析试题第一种类型：赏析富有表现力的词语1、先让学生明白什么样的词语才是富有表现力的词语。
2、再举例，再让学生了解中考富有表现力的词语考题的常见类型。
湖北省黄冈市2006年初中毕业学业考试（课改实验区）记叙文阅读《水塘边的鸟窝》15小题：比较下面两个句子，结合语境说哪一句的表达效果要好，并说明理由。
(2分)(1)一个关于“窝”的战栗包裹着我的魂魄，走过了很长很长的岁月(2)一个关于”寓”的故事包裹着我的魂魄，走过了很长很长的岁月湖南省长沙市2006年初中毕业学业考试语文试卷记叙文阅读《母亲的贺卡》23小题：揣摩下列句中加点词的含义，说说表现人物怎样的心理状态。
(4分)(1)一双本来就有些哆嗦的手更哆嗦了。
(2)他的眼里常常会涌满泪水。
2006年广东省课改实验区初中毕业生学业考试语文试卷记叙文阅读《词典的故事》（阿来）17小题：本文语言富有表现力。
分析下列句子中加点词的表达效果。
（6分）（1）书店干净的木地板在脚下发出好听的声音（2）但上面几个凹印的字却一下撞进了眼里：“汉语成语词典”。
2、教师举例引导。
3、练习《母亲的贺卡》23小题。
（二）、向学生介绍中考记叙文语言品析试题第二种类型：赏析运用修辞手法的句子1、先举例眉山市2006年课改实验区普通高中、中等职业学校招生考试语文试卷记叙文阅读《坐在最后一排》（乔叶）18小题：请从第⑨⑩加曲线的句子中任选一个，从修辞运用方面来说说表达作用（2分）。
中考语文专题训练：记叙文阅读
记叙文阅读1、记叙文的文体知识（1）、记叙文的概念记叙文是以记人、叙事、写景、状物为主要内容，以记叙、描写为主要表达方式，兼以议论、抒情、说明来表达中心的一种文体。
如小说、散文、寓言、童话、故事、通讯、游记、传记、回忆录等。
（2）、记叙文的分类按写作的内容可以分为：写人记叙文、叙事记叙文、写景记叙文、状物记叙文四大类。
①写人的记叙文，通常描述人物的外貌、行动、心理、语言和人物所处的特定环境来刻画人物的性格，塑造人物形象，反映作品的主题。
如：《我的母亲》、《阿长与〈山海经〉》②叙事的记叙文，以叙述事件为主，着重写清事件的发生、发展、经过和结局，通过事件表现作品的主题。
如：《羚羊木雕》③写景记叙文，以描写景物为主，通过写景，寄托感情，表现主题。
《春》、《济南的冬天》④状物的记叙文，以写物为主，通过写物抒发感情，寄托志向。
如：《安塞腰鼓》。
（3）、记叙文的要素记叙文是写人叙事的，而事情总是在某个时间、发生在某个地方，有它的前因、后果和经过。
因此我们把事物的起因、经过、结果，事情发生的时间、地点以及有关的人物称之为记叙文的六要素。
只有把这些要素交代清楚，内容才显得完整，条理才清楚。
如：《背影》一文，时间——那年冬天；地点——南京车站；人物——父亲、“我”；起因——“我”去北京念书，父亲到车站送别；经过——父亲到车站为“我”送别，给我买桔子；结果——“我”怀念父亲。
作者在交待清楚六要素的基础上，集中刻画了父亲的“背影”，表达了父子之爱这一永恒的主题。
（4）、记叙的顺序记叙的顺序是指根据中心思想的需要，把已确定好了的材料安排好，按一定的次序去写。
一般有三种：①顺叙，即按照事情发生、发展、和结局的时间顺序来写。
这种写法课使事情的来龙去脉清晰地表现出来。
如：《最后一课》，按照时间顺序记叙韩麦尔先生为学生们上的最后一堂法语课。
②倒叙，即把事情的结局或某个最突出片段先写出来，然后写事情的发生、经过等。
它分为两类，一是把事情的结局先写出来，然后按照时间顺序倒叙事情的发生、发展的经过；二是，把后面发生的某一情节提到前面去，暂时中断中心事情的叙述而进入另一个相关的事情的叙述。
初三语文(中考记叙文阅读一)
每当夜间疲倦，正想偷懒时,仰面在灯光中瞥见他黑瘦的面貌，似乎正要说抑扬顿挫的话来，便使我忽又良心发现,而且增加勇气了，于是点上一枝烟，再继续写些为“正人君子”之流所深恶痛疾的文字。
1、上文对“清国留学生”的描写采用了哪些修辞方法?表达了作者什么思想感情？
２、结合全文分析，第3段在文中起什么作用?
考点及考试要求
中考考点
教学内容
作业检查
解读考点：
根据课标精神,记叙文阅读考查包括如下内容：辨析记叙的要素、人称和顺序,明确其作用；理解记叙与描写、议论、抒情相结合的表达方式；能整体感知课内外阅读材料的内容,准确理解文章的中心；清楚作者行文思路；结合语境准确揣摩词语和句子的含义;对作品的思想内容、作者的观点态度，能有自己的看法和体验;对其艺术手法能进行必要的赏析和评价。
记叙文阅读中的评议赏析题
基本题型：本文有关…的描写生动、传神。请从下列例子中选择两例进行具体赏析。
答题思路和方式:
四要素：写作方法+引用的关键词+句意内容的精要概括+写作目的、作者情感(中心)
形式:运用了——(手法),通过——(关键词)的描写，写出了——(句意内容概括),表现了——(目的、情感)
概括写作目的和情感时，除了可以用“表现了——”之外，还可用“表达了…抒发了…告诉了…呼吁了…赞美了…歌颂了…揭露了…鞭挞了…讽刺了…揭示了…反映了…”等,根据文章的实际情况，灵活概括写作目的和情感。
８、文段最后一句话在文章结构上的作用是。
９、“正人君子”具体指,它所用的修辞是，表现作者的思想感情。
能力提升题：
梨一样的苹果
耿青
①米哈朵夫是一位出色的小学图画教师,他在这个偏远的小城中教了一年又一年图画课。他一如既往地按照自己的标准评价学生的图画作业,从未出过任何差错。
中考复习之记叙文阅读(一)共38页
56、书不仅是生活，而且是现在、过 去和未 来文化 生活的 源泉。 ——库 法耶夫 57、生命不可能有两次，但许多人连一 次也不 善于度 过。— —吕凯 特 58、问渠哪得清如许，为有源头活水来 。—— 朱熹 59、我的努力求学没有得到别的好处， 只不过 是愈来 愈发觉 自敢地 走到底 ，决不 回头。 ——左
中考复习之记叙文阅读（一）
21、没有人陪你走一辈子，所以你要 适应孤 独，没 有人会 帮你一 辈子， 所以你 要奋斗 一生。 22、当眼泪流尽的时候，留下的应该 是坚强 。 23、要改变命运，首先改变自己。
24、勇气很有理由被当作人类德性之 首，因 为这种 德性保 证了所 有其余 的德性 。--温 斯顿． 丘吉尔 。 25、梯子的梯阶从来不是用来搁脚的 ，它只 是让人 们的脚 放上一 段时间 ，以便 让别一 只脚能 够再往 上登。
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中考复习之记叙文阅读（一）
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46、我们若已接受最坏的，就再没有什么损失。——卡耐基 47、书到用时方恨少、事非经过不知难。——陆游 48、书籍把我们引入最美好的社会，使我们认识各个时代的伟大智者。——史美尔斯 49、熟读唐诗三百首，不会作诗也会吟。——孙洙 50、谁和我一样用功，谁就会和我一样成功。——莫扎特