第十六章 保险

Chapter 18 Insurance●New W ords and Expressions●参考译文第十八章保险保险是一种以保险公司的损失为代价所换取的个人或者企业实体所获得的金融保护和赔偿的合同。

保险公司，是一类聚集大量客户的风险来使赔偿损失费用更加分散和合理化，以此来赚取保险费的公司。

人寿保险人寿保险是在一个人生命期限内的收入保障。

如果你不幸告别人世，那么你所指定的收益人将从保险公司获得一定的补偿金作为由于你的去世而造成的以后你所创造收入的经济损失。

当然有人也把保险当作赌博的一种变形：如果你活的比保险公司期望你活的要长，那么你就输掉了这场赌博。

相反地，如果你早年英逝，你就在某种程度上“获得了这场赌博的胜利”（以生命为代价），因为只有这样，保险公司将不得不将所有的保险金赔偿给你的收益人。

保险公司（承保人）利用数十年的丰富资料进行仔细的研究试图来预测你的生存期限。

保险公司根据他们不同的身高，体重，生活习惯（比如抽烟与否）和病史（比如他们是否有任何严重的疑难病症）。

所有的这些变量将最终决定某人应该被归入哪一类人群。

但是，这并不意味着吸烟和有疾病的人就不能买保险，而仅仅在于他们可能会根据自身的具体情况交付不同数量的保险金而已。

保险上把人身保险分为两类基本类型：定期人寿保险和终身寿险。

定期人身险一般是在短期内对被保险人进行保险，而终身寿险是一种你在一生中定期交付保险费的保险，是定期人身保险的延续（到死亡为止的定期人身保险）。

缴保险费一般平均分配在你的保险期限内。

一般来说，一个人越早签定这种类型的保险合同，你所负担的保险费将越低。

保险标的和风险无论你是谁，人寿保险带给你的好处之一就是带给你平静的心情。

如果你遭遇了任何的不幸，你所指定的受益人都会收到保险公司赔偿的支票，这只是时间快慢的问题。

生命保险业可以补偿你生前公司的亏损和负债。

而一旦你去世，银行可没有那么好心地把你的抵押贷款从他们的资产贷款表上一笔勾销——你生前借的钱必须还掉，即使把你的房子给拍卖也在所不辞。

生命保险可以继承给你的继承人，或者当你指定的继承人是慈善机构时，那么这笔保险金将作为你的遗产继承给他们（慈善机构）。

相对来说，大多数保单的风险是很小的，能够兑现的，这得益于政府对保险公司稳定和严格的控制。

在“现金价值”保单中，被保险人允许将保单作为现金等同物投入股票，债券和货币市场中。

在这类保单中，你的保险价值与你投资的这些货币和资本市场工具的表现情况联系非常密切。

怎么买卖保险北美大陆有数以千计的保险经纪人和保险银行。

你还需要熟记于心的一点是雇佣保险销售人员通常要给这些从业人员一定的佣金。

Answers for chapter 18Ⅰ. Answer the following question in English:1. What’s the rol e of life insurance?The role of life insurance is one of life's necessities and probably the least-understood financialproduct. Insurance reimburses people for covered losses in the event of an unfortunate occurrence such as an illness, accident, or death. At the same time, it can encourage prevention and safety measures, provide investment capital, lend money, and help to reduce anxiety for society at large.2. What is the role of marine insurance in international business?Marine insurance is an aid to commercial negotiations. It allows traders to proceed with confidence in the knowledge that each party to the transaction is properly protected. In most cases, the cost of marine insurance is nominal when compared with the value of the goods and the freight cost. Insurance is, in fact, based on the mathematical theory of probability.3. Who benefits by taking out insurance in case the goods are damaged?Once damages occur, the party who suffers will lodge a claim against the insurance policy. This party is called the claimant.4. Who takes care of insurance under CFR contract and CIF contract?(1)Under CFR, the seller does not have to procure marine insurance against the risk of loss or damage to the goods during transit.(2)Under the term of CIF, for shipments to designated overseas port of import, the seller quotes a price for the goods, including insurance costs and all of the transportations and miscellaneous charges, to the point of debarkation from the vessel or aircraft. The cost of unloading cargo at the port of destination is paid by the seller, to the extent that they are included in the freight charges. If the charges are separated then they fall to the account of the buyer.5. What is the primary function of the marine insurance?The primary function of the marine insurance is to spread the financial losses of insured members over the whole of the insuring community by compensating the misfortune few from the fund build up from the contributions of all members.6. What are there three basic insurance coverages?There are three basic perils insurance coverages as the following:(1) Free of particular average (FPA): It means that the underwriter assumes no responsibility for whatever is enumerated. FPA is the minimum and most restrictive coverage. It covers losses due to ship or aircraft being totally lost. Partial loss is not covered.(2) With A verage （W A）：It insures against the goods being damaged in transit, but not because the ship was danger. Partial loss is normally covered with a percentage franchise, that is, losses above a sated percentage of the value of the insured cargo are paid for. Practically, it is protection against damage from sea water caused by heavy weather.(3) All Risks: Under this term, the insurer is responsible for all of total or partial loss of, or damage to, the insured goods arising from natural elements or from sea perils, including all losses caused by accidents to the carrying vessel or craft or by any external causes. All Risk coverage is more expensive than a more limited policy of FPA.7. What is the meaning of “average”?It means a partial loss, “partial loss”, in t urn, can mean the total loss of part of the insured cargo. Different averages can be grouped into total loss, particular average and General average.8. Which covers the most particular average losses?A particular average is a partial loss which is suffered by the one whose goods are partly lost or damaged when there is a particular average loss, other interests in the voyage do not contribute to the partial recovery of the one suffering the loss, a real example of a particular average occurs when a sto rm or fire damages part of one shipper’s cargo, and no one else’s cargo has to besacrificed to save the voyage.9. What is the most commonly used document in insurance?The insurance policy is the most commonly used document in insurance. It contains all of the details concerning the goods, premium and the insured value.10. Who is to pay premium under CIF? And what kind of insurance policy is it? And what is the advantage of it?（1）The seller is to pay premium under CIF.（2）Under the term of CIF, for shipments to designated overseas port of import, the seller quotes a price for the goods, including insurance costs and all of the transportations and miscellaneous charges, to the point of debarkation from the vessel or aircraft. The cost of unloading cargo at the port of destination is paid by the seller, to the extent that they are included in the freight charges. If the charges are separated then they fall to the account of the buyer.（3）The advantage of it is to provide the buyer with the documents necessary to obtain the goods from the carrier. The buyer does not have to procure marine insurance against the risk of loss or damage to the goods during transit.11. Explain the losses caused by external reasons and give some examples.The losses caused by external reasons are natural disaster, theft, fire and wars.12. What is inherent vice? Explain by using real products.The concept of inherent vice in the context of marine insurance refers to loss stemming from qualities inherent in the thing lost. Inherent vice is excluded by most property insurance policies. Example: The spoilage of fruit during storage or shipping would be excluded from a property policy. The destruction of unspoiled fruit by a fire, on the other hand, would be covered.Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks with words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary:1. A type of insurance policy that covers property that is easily movable and provides additional coverage over what normal insurance policies do not. This can cover anything from jewelry to expensive stereo equipment.2. Often homeowner insurance will not fully cover some items, but adding a floater assures the homeowner that the full value will be replaced in the event of theft, loss or damage. These insurance policies generally cover one individual item, so if you have several items for which you want full coverage, you will need to get a floater for each.3. The parties to be involved are as simple as only two. One is the insurer; the other is the insured. In some cases, there may be an insurance broker in between. Once damages occur, the party who suffers will lodge a claim against the insurance policy. This party is called the claimant.4. The rates charged by the insurance company depend on many factors.5. Once damages occur, the party who suffers will lodge a claim against the insurance policy.6. Generally speaking, the value to be insured is based on the value of the commercial invoice.Ⅲ. Translate the following sentences and passage into Chinese:1. Health insurance provides coverage for medicine, visits to the doctor or emergency room, hospital stays and other medical expenses.健康保险的保险范围包括药品, 门诊或急救,住院和其它医疗费用。