自动化专业英语考试整理版汇编
自动化专业英语
自动化专业英语Introduction:Automation has become an integral part of various industries, including manufacturing, transportation, and healthcare. As a result, it is crucial for professionals in the field of automation to have a strong command of English, as it is the lingua franca of the global business world. This text aims to provide a comprehensive overview of key terms, concepts, and skills related to automation in the English language.1. Basic Terminology:1.1 Automation: The use of technology to perform tasks with minimal human intervention.1.2 Control System: A system that manages and regulates the operation of automation equipment.1.3 Programmable Logic Controller (PLC): A digital computer used for automation of electromechanical processes.1.4 Human-Machine Interface (HMI): A device or software that allows interaction between humans and automation systems.1.5 SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition): A system that collects and analyzes real-time data from various sensors and devices.2. Automation Systems:2.1 Industrial Automation: The application of automation technology in manufacturing processes to improve productivity and efficiency.2.2 Robotic Automation: The use of robots to perform repetitive tasks in industries such as automotive assembly and packaging.2.3 Process Automation: The automation of chemical, oil, and gas processes to enhance safety and accuracy.2.4 Home Automation: The integration of technology to control and monitor household devices and systems.3. Automation Techniques:3.1 Sensor Technology: Devices that detect and measure physical quantities such as temperature, pressure, and proximity.3.2 Actuators: Devices that convert electrical signals into mechanical motion, such as motors and solenoids.3.3 Feedback Control: A control technique that uses sensors to measure the output ofa system and adjust it accordingly.3.4 Artificial Intelligence (AI): The simulation of human intelligence in machines to perform tasks autonomously.3.5 Machine Learning: A subset of AI that enables machines to learn from data and improve their performance without explicit programming.4. Industrial Applications:4.1 Automotive Industry: Automation is extensively used in car manufacturing, including assembly line robots and quality control systems.4.2 Pharmaceutical Industry: Automation ensures precise dosage and packaging in pharmaceutical production.4.3 Food and Beverage Industry: Automation optimizes food processing, packaging, and quality control processes.4.4 Energy Sector: Automation is crucial in power plant operations, grid management, and renewable energy systems.4.5 Healthcare Industry: Automation is utilized in medical imaging, patient monitoring, and laboratory analysis.5. Skills for Automation Professionals:5.1 Programming: Proficiency in programming languages such as C++, Python, and ladder logic for PLC programming.5.2 Data Analysis: Ability to analyze and interpret data collected from automation systems using statistical methods and software tools.5.3 Troubleshooting: Expertise in identifying and resolving issues in automation systems, including hardware and software components.5.4 Project Management: Skills to plan, execute, and monitor automation projects, ensuring timely completion and adherence to budget.5.5 Communication: Effective communication skills to collaborate with cross-functional teams and articulate technical concepts to non-technical stakeholders.Conclusion:Automation plays a pivotal role in today's industries, and proficiency in English is essential for professionals in the field. This text has provided a comprehensive overview of key terms, concepts, and skills related to automation in the English language. By mastering these aspects, automation professionals can enhance their communication, expand their knowledge, and contribute to the advancement of automation technology.。
自动化专业英语词汇总结+汉译英
nonlinear control system
非线性控制系统
offset
偏移量、静差
open loop control
开环控制
optimal control
最优控制
orifice-plate flowmeter
孔板流量计
overshoot
超调
panel
仪表盘
pattern recognition
热电偶
threshold
阈值
time delay system
时滞系统
time-series model
时间序列模型
time-invariant system, time-varying system
定常系统/时变系统
transient process, transient response
过渡过程
热电阻Thermocouple热电偶
reverse action (direct action)
反作用，正direct action
robust control
鲁棒控制
root locus
根轨迹
sampling holder
采样保持器
saturation characteristics
饱和特性
sensor, transducer
判据
criterion
拉氏变换
laplace transform
零点
zero-point
极点
pole-point
特征方程
characteristic equation
系数
coefficient
偏差变量
deviation variable
自动化专业英语试卷及答案
自动化专业英语试卷及答案第一篇：自动化专业英语试卷及答案2008年秋冬学期研究生专业英语期末考试试卷参考答案1.Translate the following words or phrases into Chinese ① Metric度量收敛方差随机等价动态方程判据、评价标准测量模型偏微分方程在概率意义上，依概率② Convergence③ Covariance④ Stochastic⑤ Equivalence⑥ Dynamic equation⑦ Criteria⑧ Measurement Model⑨ Partial derivative equation⑩ In the sense of probability2.Explain the following symbols in English① '' bmthe second order derivative ofb sub m, bdouble prime sub m②③④ A⇔BA is equivalent toapproaches aB xi→axi y∂y∂xxthe partial derivative ofwith respective toa⑤ ⎰b⑥ a‖b⑦⑧ 3=ffintegral between limits b to a a is parallel to the cube root of set aAbXaaA⊆X is contained in b d⑨ (a+b-c⨯d)÷edivided by ⑩ e plusminus c multiplied , allequals ∀ε,∃N,s.t ai→a as i→∞for any special ε, there is a respected N,such that aiapproachesaas i approaches∞二、Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese Paragraph A[8 Points]A subsetd(x,y)<MA⊆Xis said to be bounded if there existsx,y∈AM∈Rsuch thatfor all.The diameter of A is defined to besup{d(x,y)x,y∈A}.A bounded metric space is one for which X itself is bounded.Bounded intervals in R are bounded sets.A discrete metric space is bounded(take译文：一个子集Ad(x,y)<MM=1).⊆X被称为是有界的，如果存在Mx,y∈A∈R使得对所有x,y∈A有。
自动化专业英语复习资料
Translate the following sentences into Chinese。
(2)Although current and voltage are the two basic variables in an electric circuit，they are not sufficient by themselves。
For practical purposes，we need to know how muchpower an electric device can handle。
虽然电流和电压是电路中的两个基本变量，但是它们本身是不足够的。
出于实用的目的，我们需要知道电气设备可以处理多大的功率。
(3)In any linear circuit containing multiple independent sources，the current or voltage at any point in the network may be calculated as the algebraic sum of the individual contributions of each source acting alone。
任一含有多个独立电源的线性电路，某处电压或电流都是电路中各个独立电源单独作用时，在该处分别产生的电压或电流的叠加。
(5)Since an 8-bit code can represent 256 segments，its codes for the same analogvalue are shown with the maximum analog signal of 1.5V equal to 255 。
Notice thatthe 8-bit code is two groups of 4-bit codes，which are also expressed inhexadecimal form。
自动化专业英语练习
自动化专业英语练习一、过去分词短语做后置定语练习1、A system characterized by the relation y=x2is not linear.2、Practically all PID controllers made today are based on microprocessors.3、The basic control system concept may be the simple block diagram shown inFig 1.4、A general structure of a closed-loop control system is given in Fig.1.5、The manipulated variable is the variable used to maintain the controlledvariable at its set point.6、This is a simple unity feedback system and is the standard block diagram usedto illustrate the basic concepts of control theory.7、In Figure.1.1, the sensor and the actuator are considered part of the blocklabeled “Process”.8、In the simplest situation, one controls a single plant variable, called the output,by means of adjustments to a single plant input.9、For instance, amplifiers used in control system often exhibit saturationeffect(饱和效应) when their input signals become large.10、M uch of this work was presented at the first conference of the newly formedInternational Federation of Automatic Control held in Moscow in 1960.二、介词短语做后置定语练习1、A mathematical model of a control system is essential.2、An open-loop system is a system without feedback.3、The input-output relationship in the Laplace domain is called the transferfunction.4、Because the systems under consideration are dynamic in nature, the descriptiveequations are usually differential equations.5、What is missing in the open-loop control system for more accurate and moreadaptable control is a link of feedback from the output to the input of the system.6、A system with one or more feedback paths is called a closed-loop system.7、Often the difference between the output of the system and the reference input is amplified and used to control the system so that the difference is continually r educed.8、According to this rule the blocks in parallel connection can be combined intoone block and the overall transfer function is then the sum of the individual block transfer function.9、The mathematical model describes the relationship between the input and theoutput of the system.10、In the present study, attention is confined to those systems for which theinput-output relationship is described by ordinary liner differential equations with constant coefficients.三、现在分词短语做后置定语练习1、A plant is a piece of equipment, perhaps just a set of machine parts functioningtogether, the purpose of which is to perform a particular operation.2、Diagrams representing these two basic strategies of control are shown in fig.1.3、The term mathematical model means the mathematical representationsdescribing the relationships among the variables of a system.4、Stability depends on the roots of the characteristic equation having negativereal parts.5、The transfer function description does not include an information concerningthe internal structure of the system.6、By using the physical laws describing the linear system, we can obtain a set oflinear differential equations.7、These signal processing tasks are implemented through the use of appropriatehardware called the controller.8、A control system is an organized collection of interacting units designed toachieve some specified objectives by manipulation and control of materials, energy, and information.9、Following transfer functions defined in the feedback control systems are veryuseful in our study.10、The transfer function of a system (or element)representsthe relationshipdescribing the dynamic of the system under consideration.四、其它形式的后置定语1、不定式做后置定语(1)In a radar tracking system, the position and speed of the target to be trackedmay vary in an unpredictable manner.(2)Measurement of the variable to be controlled is usually done by thecombination of sensor and transmitter.(3)The engineer designing a control system must be sure that the action takenaffects the variable to be controlled, that is, the action taken affects the measured value.2、形容词短语做后置定语(1)In order to obtain more accurate control, the controlled signal must be fed backand compared with the reference input, and an actuating signal proportional to the difference of the output and the input must be sent though the system to correct the error.3、定语从句做后置定语(1)Every feedback control system consists of components that perform specificfunctions.(2)There are many situations where several variables are to be controlledsimultaneously by a number of inputs.(3)When a system does not have the feedback structure, it is called an open-loopsystem, which is the simplest and most economical type ofthe control system.(4)An open-loop system is a system whose input u(t) does not depend on the output y(t)(5)Another approach to control systems design was introduced in 1948 byW.R.Evans, who was working in the field of guidance and control of aircraft.(6)Open loop refers to the condition in which the controller is disconnected fromthe process.(7)An automatic regulating system in which the output is a variable such astemperature, pressure, flow, liquid level, or pH is called a process control system.。
自动化专业英语
P2U1A The World of Control 生词与短语regulate v. 调整abound v. 大量存在aerodynamic adj. 空气动力学的power boost 功率助推装置damp v. 阻尼，减幅，衰减yaw n. 偏航altitude n. 海拔attitude n. 姿态intuition n. 直觉trail-and-error n. 试凑法dynamic response 动态响应disturbance n. 扰动parameter n. 参数modification n. 修正，修改transfer function 传递函数domain n. 域，领域advent n. 出现state variable 状态变量matrix algebra 矩阵代数approach n. 途径，方法；研究proponent n. 提倡者detractor n. 批评者tutorial adj. 指导性的subsequent adj. 后序的open-loop n. 开环closed-loop n. 闭环discrete adj. 离散的differential equation 微分方程difference equation 差分方程interval n. 间隔sampled-data n. 采样数据nonlinear adj. 非线性的time-invariant adj. 时不变的coefficient n. 系数stationary adj. 静态的lumped parameter 集中参数distributed parameter 分散参数spatial adj. 空间的spring n. 弹簧lead n. 导线resistance n. 阻抗uniform adj. 一致的elastic adj. 有弹性的ordinary differential equation 常微分方程partial differential equation 偏微分方程deterministic adj. 确定的stochastic adj. 随机的predictable adj. 可断定的probability theory 概率论multivariable n. 多变量configuration n. 构造，结构property n. 性质model n. 模型v. 建模linearization n. 线性化strategy n. 方法performance criteria 性能指标hardware n. 硬件development system 开发系统rationale n. 理论，原理的阐述难句翻译1] The reaction time of a human pilot is too slow to enable him or her to fly an aircraft with a lightly damped Dutch roll mode without a yaw damper system.飞行员的反应速度太慢，如果不附加阻尼偏航系统，飞行员就无法通过轻微阻尼的侧倾转向方式来驾驶飞机。
自动化专业英语作业英文。
Closed-loop Control of DC Drivers直流驱动的闭环控制A basic scheme of the closed-loop speed control system employing current limit control, also known as parallel current control, is shown in Fig. 1-5B-1. ω* sets the speed reference. A signal proportional to the motor speed is obtained from the speed sensor. The speed sensor output is filtered to remove the AC ripple and compared with the speed reference.The speed error is processed through a speed controller. The output of the speed controller u c adjusts the rectifier firing angleαto make the actual speed close to the reference speed. The speed controller is usually a PI (proportional and integral) controller and serves three purposes—stabilizes the drive and adjusts the damping ratio at the desired value, makes the steady-state speed-error close to zero by integral action, and filters out noise again due to the integral action. The drive employs current limit control, the purpose of which is to prevent the current from exceeding safe values. As long as IA<Ix, where, Ix is the maximum permission value of IA, the current control loop does not affect the drive operation. If IA exceeds Ix, even by a small amount, a large output signal is produced by the threshold circuit, the current control, and the speed error iscorrected essential at a constant current equal to the maximum permission value.When the speed reaches close to the desired value, IA falls below IX, the current control goes out of action and speed controlled takes over. Thus in this scheme, at any given time the operation of the drive is mainly controlled either by the speed control loop or the current control loop, and hence it is also called parallel current control.Another scheme of closed-loop speed control is shown in Fig.1-5B-2. It employs an inner current control loop within an outer speed loop. The output of the current controller uc adjusts the converter firing angle such that the actual speed is brought to a value set by the speed commendωm*.Any positive speed error, cause by either an increase in the load torque, produces a higher current reference I a*. The motor accelerates due to an increase in I a, to correct the speed error and finally settles at a new I a* which makes the motor torque equal to the load torque and the speed error closed to zero.For any large positive speed error, the current limiter saturates and the current reference I a* is limited to a value I am*, and the drive current is not allowed to exceed the maximum permission value. The speed error is corrected at the maximum permissible armaturecurrent until the speed error becomes small and the current limiter comes out of saturation. Now the speed error is corrected with IA less than the permissible value.A negative speed error will set the current reference IA at a negative value. Since the motor current cannot reverse, a negative IA is of no use. It will however “charge” the PI controller. When the speed error becomes positive the “charged” PI controller will take a longer time to respond, causing unnecessary delay in the control action. The current limiter is therefore arranged to set a zero-current reference for negative speed errors.Since the speed control loop and the current control loop are in cascade, the inner current control is also known as cascade control. It is also called current guided control. It is more commonly used than the current-limit control because of the following advantages: 1.It provides faster response to any supply voltage disturbance.This can be explain by considering the response of two drives toa decrease in the supply voltage. A decrease in the supplyvoltage reduces the motor current and torque. In the current-limit control, the speed falls because the motor torque is less than the load torque that has not changed. The resulting speed error is brought to the original value by setting the rectifier firing angle at a lower value. In the case of inner currentcontrol, the decrease in motor current, due to the decrease in the supply voltage, produces a current error which changes the rectifier firing angle to bring the armature current back to the original value. The transient response is now governed by the electrical time constant of the motor. Since the electrical time constant of a drive is much smaller compared to the mechanical time constant, the inner current control provides a faster response to the supply voltage disturbance.2.For certain firing schemes, the rectifier and the control circuittogether have a constant gain under continuous of 5 percent.Under discontinuous conduction, the gain reduces. The higher the reduction is in the conduction angel, the greater the reduction is in the gain. The drive response becomes sluggish in discontinuous conduction and progressively deteriorates as the conduction angle reduces. If an attempt is made to design the drive for discontinuous conduction current control loop providesa closed loop around the rectifier and the control circuit, andtransient response of the drive with the inner current loop is superior to that with the current-limit control.3.In the current-limit control, the current must first exceed thepermissible value before the current-limit action can be initiated.Since the firing angle can be changed only at discrete intervals,substantial current overshoot can occur before the current limiting becomes effective.Small motors are more tolerant to high transient current. Therefore, to obtain a fast transient response is then needed only for abnormal values of current. In such cases because of the simplicity, current-limit control is employed.Both the schemes have different responses for the increase and decrease in the speed command. A decrease in speed command at the most can make the motor torque zero; it cannot be reversed as braking is not possible. The drive decelerates mainly due to the load torque. When load torque is low, the response to a decrease in the speed command will be slow. These drives are therefore suitable for application with large load torque, such as paper and printing machines, pumps, and blowers.。
最新自动化专业英语考试整理版
翻译P.1The voltage across a pure inductor is defined by Faraday’law,which states that the voltage across the inductor is proportional to the rate of change with time of the current through the inductor.thus we have U=Ldi/dt.纯电感电压由法拉第定律定义，法拉第定律指出：电感两端的电压正比于流过电感的电流随时间的变化率。
因此可得到：U=Ldi/dt 式中di/dt = 电流变化率，安培/秒；L = 感应系数，享利。
P.3A three-phase electric circuit is energized by three alternating emfs of the same frequency and differing in time phase by 120 electrical degrees .三相电压的产生三相电路可由三个频率相同在时间相位上相差120°电角度的电动势供电。
P.9One problem with electronic devices corresponding to the generalized amplifiers is that the gains,AU or AI ,depend upon internal properties of two-port system( ).This makes design difficult since these parameters usually vary from device to device ,as well as temperature .运算放大器像广义放大器这样的电子器件存在的一个问题就是它们的增益AU或AI取决于双端口系统(m、b、RI、Ro等)的内部特性。
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翻译P.1The voltage across a pure inductor is defined by Faraday’law,which states that the voltage across the inductor is proportional to the rate of change with time of the current through the inductor.thus we have U=Ldi/dt.纯电感电压由法拉第定律定义，法拉第定律指出：电感两端的电压正比于流过电感的电流随时间的变化率。
因此可得到：U=Ldi/dt 式中di/dt = 电流变化率，安培/秒；L = 感应系数，享利。
P.3A three-phase electric circuit is energized by three alternating emfs of the same frequency and differing in time phase by 120 electrical degrees .三相电压的产生三相电路可由三个频率相同在时间相位上相差120°电角度的电动势供电。
P.9One problem with electronic devices corresponding to the generalized amplifiers is that the gains,AU or AI ,depend upon internal properties of two-port system( ).This makes design difficult since these parameters usually vary from device to device ,as well as temperature .运算放大器像广义放大器这样的电子器件存在的一个问题就是它们的增益AU或AI取决于双端口系统(m、b、RI、Ro等)的内部特性。
器件之间参数的分散性和温度漂移给设计工作增加了难度。
P.31However, the disadvantage is that they generate harmonics in the utility system creating a power quality problem for other consumers.Besides thyristor converters constitute a low lagging power factor load on tha utility system.但是，它们的缺点是在电力系统中产生谐波，对其他用户产生供电质量问题。
此外，晶闸管变换器给电力系统提供了一个滞后的低功率因数负载。
P.32Inverter is a device which receives DC voltage at one side and converts it to AC voltage on the other side逆变器是从一侧接受直流电压，在另一侧将其转换成交流电压的装置。
.Inverter can be classified voltage-fed inverter and current-fed inverter.逆变器可分成电压源型和电流源型两种。
P.36The permanent-magnet motor has several advantages over convertional types of DC motors.One advantage is reduced operational cost.The speed characteristics of the permanent-magnet motor are similar to those of the shunt-wound DC motor.The direction fo rotation of a permanent-magnet moror can be reversed by reversing the twopower lines.永磁电机相对于常规直流电机有几个优点。
优点之一是减少了运行损耗。
永磁电机的转速特性类似于并励式直流电机的转速特性。
永磁电机的旋转方向可通过将电源线反接来实现P40A signal proportional to the motor speed is obtained from the speed sensor.The speed sensor output is filtered to remove the AC ripple and compared with the speed reference. The speed error is processed through a speed controller.The output of the speed controller UC adjusts the rectifier firing angle A to make the actual speed close to the reference speed.正比于电机速度的信号可从速度传感器获得。
速度传感器的输出滤除交流波，并与速度参考值比较，速度误差被速度控制器处理，速度控制器的输出uc调整整流器的触发角α，以使实际的速度接近于参考速度。
P.45In a wound-rotor machine,the rotor wingding si similar to that of the stator,but in a cage machine ,the rotor has a squirrel cage-like structure with shorted end rings.对绕线式转子电机而言，转子绕组与定子绕组类似，但鼠笼式电机的转子具有鼠笼状结构，并且有两个短路环。
With the system transfer funcion known, the Routh-Hurwitz criterion will Tell us whether or not a system is stable .If it is stable ,the steady-state accuracy can be determined for various types of inputs.如果已知系统的传递函数，劳斯-胡尔维茨判据会告诉我们系统是否稳定。
如果系统稳定，可以确定各种类型输入时系统的稳态精度P.87There are as many as locus branches as there open-loop poles.A branch srtarts,for K=0,at each open-loop pole.As K is increased ,the closed-loop pole positions trace out loci,which end,for K at the open-loop zeros.根轨迹的分支数等于开环极点数。
当K=0时，分支起始于每一个开环极点。
随着K值的增加，闭环极点位置绘出根轨迹，当K→∞时，根轨迹终止于开环零点。
P.107The transition from simple approximate modles,which are easy to work with,to more realistic models produces two effects. First, a larger number of variables must be included in the model .Second ,a more realistic model is more likely to contain nonlinearities and time-varying parameters.从易于处理的简单近似模型到实际一些的模型的转换产生了两种作用（存在着两个方面的问题）。
第一，大量的变量必须包含在模型中。
第二，更实际的模型更容易包含非线性和时变参数。
P.133The memory of a computer consists of a set of sequentially numbered locations.Each location is a register in which binary information can be stored.The “number”of a location is calledits address.The lowest address is 0.计算机的内存由一组连续编号的单元构成。
每一个单元都是一个存储二进制信息的寄存器。
单元的编号称为其地址。
最低的地址为0。
P.135The CPU’s job is to fetch instructions from memory and execute these instructions.The structure of the CPU is shown in Fig.3-1A-3.It has four main components:an arithmetic and logical unit(ALU),a set of registers,an internal processor bus and controllerCPU的工作是从存储器中取回指令并执行。
它有四个主要部件：算术－逻辑单元，一系列存储器，一个内部处理器总线和控制器.P.163These two types of architecture are found in single-chip microcomputers.Some employ the split program/data memory of the Harvard architecture,shown in Fig.3-4A-1.others follow the philosophy,widely adopted for general-purpose computers and microprocessors,of making nological distinction between program and data memory as in the Princeton architecture,shown in Fig-3-4A-2.单片机有这样两种结构类型。