fpga中各引脚的功能
fpga定义引脚位置和电气标准

fpga定义引脚位置和电气标准
FPGA的引脚位置和电气标准是由FPGA芯片制造商定义的。
每个FPGA芯片都有一组特定的引脚,它们的位置和功能都是根据芯片的设计和用途来确定的。
在FPGA设计中,引脚的位置是一个重要的考虑因素。
引脚的位置决定了与其他芯片或电路板的连接方式。
通常,FPGA的引脚按照特定的排列方式布局,以便于与其他组件进行连接。
电气标准是FPGA设计中另一个重要的考虑因素。
FPGA的引脚具有特定的电气特性,例如电压、电流和电阻等。
在FPGA设计中,需要根据引脚的电气特性来配置引脚的功能和连接方式。
在具体的FPGA芯片中,每个引脚都有自己的名称和编号,并且具有特定的功能。
根据引脚的功能,可以将它们分为不同的类型,例如输入引脚、输出引脚、双向引脚等。
每个引脚都具有特定的电气标准,例如电压范围、电流大小等。
在FPGA设计中,可以通过软件工具来配置引脚的位置和电气标准。
通常,FPGA设计软件会提供一个引脚编辑器,用于配置每个引脚的位置和电气特性。
用户可以通过编辑器来设置每个引脚的名称、编号、功能、电压范围、电流大小等参数。
FPGA的引脚位置和电气标准是由芯片制造商定义的,并且在FPGA设计中需要进行配置和调整,以便于实现特定的功能和满足特定的电气要求。
fpga配特殊引脚的含义(FPGAwiththemeaningofaspecialpin)

fpga配特殊引脚的含义(FPGA with the meaning of a special pin)FPGA with the meaning of a special pin1.I/O, ASDOIn AS mode, it is dedicated output pin, and can be used as I/O pin in PS and JTAG mode. In AS mode, this pin is the CII pin that sends the control signal to the serial configuration chip. Also used to read configuration data from the configuration chip. In AS mode, the ASDO has an internal pullup resistor, which has been in effect until the configuration is completed, and the pin becomes a three state input pin. The ASDO pin is connected directly to the ASDI pin (fifth feet) of the configuration chip.2.I/O, nCSOIn AS mode, it is a dedicated output pin that can be used as the I/O pin in PS and JTAG mode. In AS mode, this pin is used by the CII to send the enable pins to the outside serial configuration chip. In AS mode, the ASDO has an internal pullup resistor that has been in effect. This pin is active low. The /CS pin (first feet) is directly connected to the configuration chip.3.I/O, CRC_ERRORWhen the error detection CRC circuit is selected, this foot is used as the CRC_ERROR pin, and if not used by default, it is used as I/O. Note, however, that this pin does not support open drain and reverse. When it is used as CRC_ERROR, the high leveloutput indicates a CRC checksum error (when an individual bit of the SRAM is configured). CRC circuit support can be added to the setting. This foot is usually used with the nCONFIG foot. That is, if the configuration process is wrong, reconfigure it4.I/O, CLKUSRWhen the Enable User-supplled start-up clock (CLKUSR) option is opened in the software, this pin can only be used as an initialization clock input for the user. In all configuration data have been received, CONF_DONE pin will become a high level, the CII device 299 clock cycles are needed to initialize the I/O register, FPGA and so on, there are two ways, one is using the internal oscillator (10MHz), another is from CLKUSR in the clock (maximum not more than 100MHz). This feature can delay the time FPGA starts working and can be used in special applications that require synchronization with other devices.5.I/O, VREFUsed to provide a reference level for certain differential standards. If not used, you can use it as a I/O.6. DATA0Dedicated input pin. In AS mode, the configuration process is: CII sets the nCSO low, and the configured chip is enabled. CII then cooperates with DCLK and ASDO to send commands and read addresses to the configuration chip. Configure the chip and then send the data to the CII via the DATA pin. The DATA foot is attached to the CII's DATA0 foot. After all configurationdata is received by the CII, the CONF_DONE pin is released (that is, the CONF_DONE pin is not forced low) and the CONF_DONE pin is open drain (Open-Drain). At this point, the 10K will turn on a high level because the CONF_DONE will pick up a resistor on the outside. At the same time, the CII stops the DCLK signal. After the CONF_DONE becomes high (when it becomes equivalent to an input pin), the initialization process begins. So, CONF_DONE must have a 10K resistor on the outside of the foot to ensure that the initialization process starts correctly. DATA0, DCLK, NCSO, and ASDO have weak pullup resistors on their feet, and they are always valid. Upon completion of the configuration, these pins are turned into an input three state, and the level is set to a high level by an internal pullup resistor. In AS mode, the DATA0 receives the DATA (second pin) of the configuration chip.7. DCLKPS mode is input, AS mode is output. In PS mode, the DCLK is a clock input pin that is the clock that the external device sends the configuration data to the FPGA. Data is placed on the rising edge of the DCLK to data in AS mode, and the DCLK pin is a clock output pin that is configured to provide a clock. Connect directly to the DCLK pin of the configuration chip (sixth feet). No matter what configuration mode, after the configuration is completed, this foot will become three states. If an external configuration device is attached, the configuration device will set the DCLK pin to low level. If you are using the master chip, you can either set the DCLK high or you can lower the DCLK. When the configuration is complete, triggering this pin does not affect the configured FPGA. Thispin has an input Buffer that supports the hysteresis function of the Schmidt flip-flop.8. nCEDedicated input pin. This pin is an active low chip enable signal. The nCE pin is configured to enable the foot. In configuration, initialization, and user mode, the nCE pin must be set low. In the configuration of multiple devices, the nCE pin of the first device is set low, and its nCEO is connected to the nCE pin of the next device, forming a chain. The nCE pin also requires a low nCE foot in the JTAG programming mode.This pin has an input Buffer that supports the hysteresis function of the Schmidt flip-flop.9. nCONFIGDedicated input pins. This pin is a configuration control input pin. If this foot is low in user mode, the FPGA loses its configuration data and goes into a reset state and sets all the I/O feet into three states. The process of changing nCONFIG from low level to high level will initialize the reconfiguration process. If the configuration scheme uses an enhanced configuration device or EPC2, the user can connect the nCONFIG pin directly to the VCC or to the nINIT_CONF pin of the configuration chip. This pin has an input Buffer that supports the hysteresis function of the Schmidt flip-flop. In fact, in user mode, the nCONFIG signal is used to initialize the reconfiguration. When the nCONFIG foot is low, the initialization process begins. When the nCONFIG pin is low, theCII is reset and goes into the reset state. The nSTATUS and CONF_DONE pins are set low and all the I/O pins are in the three state. The nCONFIG signal must remain at least 2us. When nCONFIG returns to the high level state, the nSTATUS is released again. The reconfiguration starts. In actual application, the nCONFIG pin can be connected with a pull-up resistor of 10K to 3.3V.10. DEV_OEI/O pin or global I/O enable pin. In the Quartus II software can enable the DEV_OE option (Enable Device-wideoutput Enable), if can make this a function, this pin can be enabled when the global I/O feet, this foot function is, if it is set low, all I/O into three states.11. INIT_DONEI/O pin or drain open output pin. When this foot is enabled, the foot jumps from low to high, indicating that the FPGA has entered the user mode. If the INIT_DONE output pin is enabled, this pin cannot be used as user I/O after configuration is complete. Inside the QuartusII, this pin can be enabled by enabling the Enable INIT_DONE output option.12. nCEOI/O pin or output pin. When the configuration is complete, this pin outputs low level. In the configuration of multiple devices, this pin will connect to the next device's nCE pin. This time, it also needs a 10K pull-up resistor outside to Vccio. The configuration process of multiple devices, finally a nCEOdevice can float. If you want to use this pin as an available I/O, you need to set it up inside the software. In addition, even if the I/O, but also after the completion of the configuration.13. nSTATUSThis is a dedicated configuration status pin. Two way foot, when it is the output pin, is open drain. After power on, the FPGA immediately sets the nSTATUS foot low and releases it after power on reset (POR) and sets it high. As a status output pin, if any error occurs during configuration, the nSTATUS pin is lowered. As the status input pin, during the configuration or initialization, the external control chip can pull this pin down, and FPGA will enter the wrong state at this time. This foot can not be used as an ordinary I/O foot. The nSTATUS pin must be pulled up by a 10K ohm resistor.14. CONF_DONEThis is a dedicated configuration status pin. Two way foot, when it is the output pin, is open drain. When it is used as a status output pin, it is set low before and during configuration. Once the configuration data is received and no errors are made, the CONF_DONE will be released at the start of the initialization cycle. When used as a status input pin, after all data has been received, it should be set to a high level. After that, the device starts initialization and goes into user mode. It should not be used as a regular I/O. The outside of the foot must also be connected with a 10K ohm resistor.15. MSEL[1:0]These pins should be connected to zero or power, indicating high or low level. 00 with AS mode, 10 PS mode, AS mode is 01 FAST. If in JTAG mode, it with their 00 JTAG mode and the MSEL has nothing to do with JTAG mode, MSEL will be ignored, but because they can not float, so suggest that it be received.16 DEV_CLRnI/O or global clear input. In QuartusII, if you choose the Enable Device-Wide Reset (DEV_CLRn) this function. This pin is the global reset. When this pin is low, all registers are cleared. This pin does not affect the JTAG's boundary scan or programming operations.Application of FPGA configuration pinFor FPGA applications, you need to know the following points.The nCONFIG, nSTATUS, and CONF_DONE require the pull-up resistor of the 10K, and the nCE requires a 10K pull-down resistor;NCONFIG for configuration control, the dedicated input pin sets the low FPGA to lose data;The nSTATUS is a dedicated bidirectional pin for the FPGA. 0 indicates that the FPGA is in a busy state and is released at 1 after the pull-up, and the FPGA begins to be in configuration.CONF_DONE dedicated configuration, two-way feet, FPGA configuration is 0, after the configuration is released, the role of the external pull-up is 1. NCE configuration enables dedicated input pins. In configuration, initialization, and user mode, the nCE pin must be set low.MSEL configure pin for mode;TDI, TMS, 10K pull-up resistor, TCK, 10K pull-down resistor, for JTAG;ASDO, nCSO, DCLK and DATA0 are used for the communication between FPGA and configuration chip, and there is no pullup on the inside, and no external resistance is needed.The clock pin can only be input and cannot be output.6 、 pull / pull resistance:1) ensure that the initial values of the circuit. For example, TCK signal using a pull-down resistor. Why the pull-down resistor instead of the pull-up resistor? Because pull-down resistor makes the initial value of the TCK signal is 0, because it is a clock signal, can guarantee the clock signal in the initial value after the first rise along the edge, and the JTAG control of resistance it is on the rising edge of TCK to write configuration data within the FPGA.2) here / pull-down resistor only belongs to the recommended value, determine the value is not, the purpose is to ensure the quality of the signal. The resistance as an example, if thepull-up resistor is above 10K, the pin has an equivalent capacitance to ground, because T=RC, C by the device process, the greater the resistance, charge and discharge the longer the time, the rising edge of the slower signal, the slope is small. The rise time if more than JTAG control circuit requirements to write data within the FPGA may be wrong. So, if the pull-up resistor smaller? Will rise time smaller? Yes. Resistance decreases, rise time small, the slope becomes larger, but also brought a serious problem, if the resistance is small to a certain extent, the signal will be at the rising edge of the emergence of the red signal ringing phenomenon, will seriously. If the resistance is too small, the intrusion tolerance over current devices IO, JTAG control circuit Will burn out. So, what is the resistance to meet the general requirements of PCB using 4.7K. in general?3) to ensure the driving ability of signal. As mentioned earlier, the resistance is small, the signal slope is small, and the driving force of signals is stronger. The more resistance signal slope is bigger, and the driving force of signals is weak. This point in the JTAG daisy chain circuit and its important。
Xilinx FPGA 引脚功能详细介绍

XilinxFPGA引脚功能详细介绍注:技术交流用,希望对大家有所帮助。
IO_LXXY_# 用户IO引脚XX代表某个Bank内唯一的一对引脚,Y=[P|N]代表对上升沿还是下降沿敏感,#代表bank号2.IO_LXXY_ZZZ_# 多功能引脚ZZZ代表在用户IO的基本上添加一个或多个以下功能。
Dn:I/O(在readback期间),在selectMAP或者BPI模式下,D[15:0]配置为数据口。
在从SelectMAP读反馈期间,如果RDWR_B=1,则这些引脚变成输出口。
配置完成后,这些引脚又作为普通用户引脚。
D0_DIN_MISO_MISO1:I,在并口模式(SelectMAP/BPI)下,D0是数据的最低位,在Bit-serial模式下,DIN是信号数据的输入;在SPI模式下,MISO是主输入或者从输出;在SPI*2或者SPI*4模式下,MISO1是SPI总线的第二位。
D1_MISO2,D2_MISO3:I,在并口模式下,D1和D2是数据总线的低位;在SPI*4模式下,MISO2和MISO3是SPI总线的MSBs。
An:O,A[25:0]为BPI模式的地址位。
配置完成后,变为用户I/O口。
AW AKE:O,电源保存挂起模式的状态输出引脚。
SUSPEND是一个专用引脚,AWAKE 是一个多功能引脚。
除非SUSPEND模式被使能,AWAKE被用作用户I/O。
MOSI_CSI_B_MISO0:I/O,在SPI模式下,主输出或者从输入;在SelectMAP模式下,CSI_B是一个低电平有效的片选信号;在SPI*2或者SPI*4的模式下,MISO0是SPI总线的第一位数据。
FCS_B:O,BPI flash 的片选信号。
FOE_B:O,BPI flash的输出使能信号FWE_B:O,BPI flash 的写使用信号LDC:O,BPI模式配置期间为低电平HDC:O,BPI模式配置期间为高电平CSO_B:O,在并口模式下,工具链片选信号。
FPGA配特殊引脚的含义[终稿]
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FPGA配特殊引脚的含义[终稿]FPGA配特殊引脚的含义FPGA配特殊引脚的含义1.I/O, ASDO在AS 模式下是专用输出脚,在PS 和JTAG 模式下可以当I/O 脚来用。
在AS 模式下,这个脚是CII 向串行配置芯片发送控制信号的脚。
也是用来从配置芯片中读配置数据的脚。
在AS 模式下,ASDO 有一个内部的上拉电阻,一直有效,配置完成后,该脚就变成三态输入脚。
ASDO 脚直接接到配置芯片的ASDI 脚(第5 脚)。
2.I/O,nCSO在AS 模式下是专用输出脚,在PS 和JTAG 模式下可以当I/O 脚来用.在AS 模式下,这个脚是CII 用来给外面的串行配置芯片发送的使能脚。
在AS 模式下,ASDO 有一个内部的上拉电阻,一直有效。
这个脚是低电平有效的。
直接接到配置芯片的/CS 脚(第1 脚)。
3.I/O,CRC_ERROR当错误检测CRC 电路被选用时,这个脚就被作为CRC_ERROR 脚,如果不用默认就用来做I/O。
但要注意,这个脚是不支持漏极开路和反向的。
当它作为CRC_ERROR 时,高电平输出则表示出现了CRC 校验错误(在配置SRAM 各个比特时出现了错误)。
CRC 电路的支持可以在setting 中加上。
这个脚一般与nCONFIG 脚配合起来用。
即如果配置过程出错,重新配置.4.I/O,CLKUSR当在软件中打开Enable User-supplled start-up clock(CLKUSR)选项后,这个脚就只可以作为用户提供的初始化时钟输入脚。
在所有配置数据都已经被接收后,CONF_DONE 脚会变成高电平,CII 器件还需要299 个时钟周期来初始化寄存器,I/O 等等状态,FPGA 有两种方式,一种是用内部的晶振(10MHz),另一种就是从CLKUSR 接进来的时钟(最大不能超过100MHz)。
有这个功能,可以延缓FPGA 开始工作的时间,可以在需要和其它器件进行同步的特殊应用中用到。
xilinxfpga引脚功能详细介绍

XilinxFPGA引脚功能详细介绍注:技术交流用,希望对大家有所帮助。
IO_LXXY_# 用户IO引脚XX代表某个Bank内唯一的一对引脚,Y=[P|N]代表对上升沿还是下降沿敏感,#代表bank 号2.IO_LXXY_ZZZ_# 多功能引脚ZZZ代表在用户IO的基本上添加一个或多个以下功能。
Dn:I/O(在readback期间),在selectMAP或者BPI模式下,D[15:0]配置为数据口。
在从SelectMAP读反馈期间,如果RDWR_B=1,则这些引脚变成输出口。
配置完成后,这些引脚又作为普通用户引脚。
D0_DIN_MISO_MISO1:I,在并口模式(SelectMAP/BPI)下,D0是数据的最低位,在Bit-serial模式下,DIN是信号数据的输入;在SPI模式下,MISO是主输入或者从输出;在SPI*2或者SPI*4模式下,MISO1是SPI总线的第二位。
D1_MISO2,D2_MISO3:I,在并口模式下,D1和D2是数据总线的低位;在SPI*4模式下,MISO2和MISO3是SPI总线的MSBs。
An:O,A[25:0]为BPI模式的地址位。
配置完成后,变为用户I/O口。
AWAKE:O,电源保存挂起模式的状态输出引脚。
SUSPEND是一个专用引脚,AWAKE是一个多功能引脚。
除非SUSPEND模式被使能,AWAKE被用作用户I/O。
MOSI_CSI_B_MISO0:I/O,在SPI模式下,主输出或者从输入;在SelectMAP模式下,CSI_B是一个低电平有效的片选信号;在SPI*2或者SPI*4的模式下,MISO0是SPI总线的第一位数据。
FCS_B:O,BPI flash 的片选信号。
FOE_B:O,BPI flash的输出使能信号FWE_B:O,BPI flash 的写使用信号LDC:O,BPI模式配置期间为低电平HDC:O,BPI模式配置期间为高电平CSO_B:O,在并口模式下,工具链片选信号。
fpga引脚分配注意事项

fpga引脚分配注意事项摘要:1.FPGA 引脚分配的重要性2.FPGA 引脚分配的注意事项3.FPGA 引脚分配的技巧和建议正文:FPGA(现场可编程门阵列)是一种集成电路,可以由用户编程和配置,以实现特定的功能。
在FPGA 设计中,引脚分配是一个重要的环节。
合理的引脚分配可以降低硬件复杂度,提高系统性能,甚至可以影响到整个系统的稳定性和可靠性。
因此,在进行FPGA 引脚分配时,需要特别注意以下几点:1.确定引脚使用需求:在分配引脚之前,需要对系统的功能和性能需求进行深入了解,以确保引脚的正确使用。
这包括了解各个模块之间的接口、信号流向、时序要求等。
2.遵守时序规则:FPGA 中的时序规则是保证系统正常运行的关键。
在分配引脚时,需要遵循时序规则,确保信号在规定时间内到达目的地。
此外,还需要注意信号的传输延迟、建立时间和保持时间等参数。
3.合理规划引脚:在规划引脚时,应尽量保持引脚的连续性和完整性。
这样可以减少走线长度,降低信号干扰,提高系统性能。
同时,应尽量避免引脚之间的冲突,以免影响系统的稳定性。
4.考虑引脚的电源和地:在分配引脚时,需要将电源和地引脚分别考虑。
一般来说,电源引脚应尽量靠近FPGA 芯片的电源引脚,地引脚也应尽量靠近FPGA 芯片的地引脚。
这样可以减小电源和地之间的阻抗,降低噪声和干扰。
5.预留足够的引脚:在分配引脚时,需要预留一定的引脚数量,以应对后期设计修改或信号扩展的需求。
同时,也应避免过多的预留引脚,以减小硬件复杂度和成本。
6.使用先进的引脚分配工具:现代的FPGA 设计工具提供了智能化的引脚分配功能,可以大大简化引脚分配的过程,提高设计效率。
因此,在进行FPGA 引脚分配时,应充分利用这些工具。
总之,FPGA 引脚分配是一个复杂而重要的环节。
在进行引脚分配时,需要充分考虑系统的功能、性能、时序、电源、地等多方面因素,以确保系统的稳定性和可靠性。
Altera FPGA引脚定义

Altera FPGA引脚定义2011-02-28 15:20:331.用户I/O:通用输入输出引脚。
2.配置管脚:MSEL[1:0] 用于选择配置模式,比如AS、PS等。
DATA0 FPGA串行数据输入,连接到配置器件的串行数据输出管脚。
DCLK FPGA串行时钟输出,为配置器件提供串行时钟。
nCSO(I/O)FPGA片选信号输出,连接到配置器件的nCS管脚。
ASDO(I/O)FPGA串行数据输出,连接到配置器件的ASDI管脚。
nCEO 下载链期间始能输出。
在一条下载链中,当第一个器件配置完成后,此信号将始能下一个器件开始进行配置。
下载链上最后一个器件的nCEO悬空。
nCE 下载链器件始能输入,连接到上一个器件的nCEO,下载链的最后一个器件nCE接地。
nCNFIG 用户模式配置起始信号。
nSTATUS 配置状态信号。
CONF_DONE 配置结束信号。
3.电源管脚:VCCINT 内核电压。
130nm为1.5V,90nm为1.2VVCCIO 端口电压。
一般为3.3V,还可以支持多种电压,5V、1.8V、1.5VVREF 参考电压GND 信号地4.时钟管脚:VCC_PLL PLL管脚电压,直接连VCCIOVCCA_PLL PLL模拟电压,截止通过滤波器接到VCCINT上GNDA_PLL PLL模拟地GNDD_PLL PLL数字地CLK[n] PLL时钟输入PLL[n]_OUT PLL时钟输出5.特殊管脚:VCCPD 用于寻则驱动VCCSEL 用于控制配置管脚和PLL相关的输入缓冲电压PROSEL 上电复位选项NIOPULLUP 用于控制配置时所使用的用户I/O的内部上拉电阻是否工作TEMPDIODEN 用于关联温度敏感二极管*********************************************************************** **********1/1.I/O,ASDO在AS 模式下是专用输出脚,在PS 和JTAG 模式下可以当I/O 脚来用。
Xilinx FPGA 引脚功能详细介绍

XilinxFPGA引脚功能详细介绍注:技术交流用,希望对大家有所帮助。
IO_LXXY_#用户IO引脚XX代表某个Bank内唯一得一对引脚,Y=[P|N]代表对上升沿还就是下降沿敏感,#代表bank号2.IO_LXXY_ZZZ_#多功能引脚ZZZ代表在用户IO得基本上添加一个或多个以下功能。
Dn:I/O(在readback期间),在selectMAP或者BPI模式下,D[15:0]配置为数据口。
在从SelectMAP读反馈期间,如果RDWR_B=1,则这些引脚变成输出口。
配置完成后,这些引脚又作为普通用户引脚.D0_DIN_MISO_MISO1:I,在并口模式(SelectMAP/BPI)下,D0就是数据得最低位,在Bit—serial模式下,DIN就是信号数据得输入;在SPI模式下,MISO就是主输入或者从输出;在SPI*2或者SPI*4模式下,MISO1就是SPI总线得第二位。
D1_MISO2,D2_MISO3:I,在并口模式下,D1与D2就是数据总线得低位;在SPI*4模式下,MISO2与MISO3就是SPI总线得MSBs.An:O,A[25:0]为BPI模式得地址位。
配置完成后,变为用户I/O口。
AWAKE:O,电源保存挂起模式得状态输出引脚。
SUSPEND就是一个专用引脚,AW A KE就是一个多功能引脚。
除非SUSPEND模式被使能,AW AKE被用作用户I/O。
MOSI_CSI_B_MISO0:I/O,在SPI模式下,主输出或者从输入;在SelectMAP模式下,CSI_B就是一个低电平有效得片选信号;在SPI*2或者SPI*4得模式下,MISO0就是SPI总线得第一位数据。
FCS_B:O,BPI flash 得片选信号.FOE_B:O,BPI flash得输出使能信号FWE_B:O,BPIflash 得写使用信号LDC:O,BPI模式配置期间为低电平HDC:O,BPI模式配置期间为高电平CSO_B:O,在并口模式下,工具链片选信号。
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分配fpga管脚时该怎么选择,引脚有什么属性需要考虑,quartus2中引脚有几个属性:Reserved,Group,I/O Bank,Vref Group,I/O standard( 3.3-V
LVTTL(default) )分别是什么意思,要怎么设置?
谢谢Totag 的回答,你看我的理解对不对:IO standard是根据你所要输入的电平来设置,Group是根据所分配的信号端口自动确定,而每个引脚的IO Bank
本身已经确定!
另外,分配的引脚所属的IO Bank不同有关系吗?引脚的分配除了要考虑专用引脚和用户引脚的区别外,还要考虑什么因素?
首先说IO standard:这个是用于支持对应不同的电平标准。
FPGA IO口的电压由IO bank上的VCC引入。
一个bank上引入3.3V TTL电平,那么此时整个bank上输出3.3V的TTL电平。
设置这个第一是为了和current strength一起计算功率。
第二个是用于在IO口上加载正确的上拉/下拉电阻。
只要你设置完成,Quartus会按照你的电平标准自动布线。
第二是IO Bank:你在quartus pin planner 的top view下右键然后点击show IO banks,这个时候就会看到FPGA的管脚被几种颜色划分开了。
一种颜色下的IO 口代表一组bank。
你在吧管脚的location约束完成以后。
IO Bank会自动填充完毕的。
第三是Group:Group就是你所输出的信号的名字啦。
比如你有一组信号叫cnt。
你对cnt的某一根赋值,那么。
这里的Group会自动填充为cnt 。
第四是Reserved:这个是对管脚内部的IO逻辑进行约束的,你在下面可以看到一些值。
介绍几个吧。
bidrectional:双向,tri-state:三态等等。
这个约束的是FPGA 在IO端的输入输出区域的逻辑。
比如你选择tri-state。
那么这个时候,在你IO 口前部的IO区,quartus会自动给你生成一个三态门。
第五个是Vref Group:这个Group是bank内部的细分区域,因为一个bank可能多达60个脚。
为了快速定位,你可以利用这个vref group来找到某个管脚。
(这个是非修改属性)无法修改。
你的理解是正确的,另外,跨越IO bank的信号没有问题。
只是注意跨bank的电平是否一致即可。
对于跨IO bank的延迟对于FPGA而言没有多少延迟。
管脚分配呢,你可以看一下quartus里面pin planner内部那张top view对于每个管脚的说明。
大多数管脚是可以当做普通IO使用的。
只是有些特殊要求的时候。
只可以使用对应的IO,比如差分输入,高时钟输入等等。
这个是要参照对应器件的IO 手册来决定的。
而且对应的设计大多数的器件生产商都会给出参考设计。
里面包括了IO的设计,pcb的设计以及内部程序端口的约束。
所以具体问题具体分析。