雅思阅读考题回顾朗阁官方20150723
20150430雅思阅读考题回顾朗阁官方
雅思考试阅读考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心李珂考试日期 2015年4月30日Reading Passage 1Title SSDPProjectQuestion types 填空题判断题选择题文章内容回顾一个叫Stavos的公司要在地中海地区的一个地方利用geothermal fluid 做一个项目。
题型难度分析1-3填空题1. mineral extraction2. desalination3. grid本篇文章题型难度较低，是非无判断题、填空题、选择题均具有顺序性原则，只要考生平时注重定位能力的训练，在较短的时间内可以提高这三种题型的做题速度和准确性。
题型技巧分析对于是非无判断题有两点需要提醒：第一，是非无判断题理论上是具有顺序性的题型，因此考生在回文章中扫描定位词时可以按照题目顺序来依次定位。
但是是非无判断题的特殊性在于其中有“无”的情况，所以如果考生过于机械的遵循顺序定位的规律，对于答案是NOT GIVEN的题目，有可能会出现需要读完更多内容才能判断出来的情况。
所以建议考生在搜索某题的定位词时，可以同时关注后面题目的定位词是否出现。
在下一题定位词已经出现而本题定位词或者其同义替换的词仍未找到的情况下，则本题可以判断为NOT GIVEN。
第二，考生在判断题目中的定位词时，不必只找唯一的一个词。
如果题目中出现了不止一个词可以用于作为定位词，建议考生可以全部找出来，一起定位，因为这样能够准确定位到题目出现的位置的概率会大大提高。
剑桥雅思推荐原文练习剑6 Test 2 Passage 1（文章话题相关）剑5 Test 3 Passage 3（题型搭配相关）Reading Passage 2Title Newly-hatched Birds（新题，回忆较少）Reading Passage 3Title The Secrets of PersuasionQuestion types 单选题4题判断题4题人名观点配对5题文章内容回顾The Secrets of PersuasionA. Our mother may have told you the secret to getting what you ask for was to say please. The reality is rather more surprising. Adam Dudding talks to a psychologist who has made a life’s work from the science of persuasion. Some scientists peer at things through high-powered microscopes. Others goad （驱赶）rats through mazes （迷宫），or mix bubbling fluids in glass beakers （玻璃烧杯）. Robert Cialdini, for his part, does curious things with towels, and believes that by doing so he is discovering important insights into how society works.B. Cialdini’s towel experiments (more of them later), are part of his research into how we persuade others to say yes. He wants to know why some people have a knack （熟练手法）for bending the will of others, be it a telephone cold-caller talking to you about timeshares, or a parent whose children are compliant even without threats of extreme violence.C. While he’s anxious not to be seen as the man who’s written the bible for snake-oil salesmen, for decades the Arizona State University social psychology professor has been creating systems for the principles and methods of persuasion, and writing bestsellers about them. Some people seem to be born with the skills; Cialdini’s claim is that by applying a little science, even those of us who aren’t should be able to get our own way more often. “All my life I’ve been an easy mark for the blandishment （奉承）of salespeople and fundraisers and I’d always wondered why they could get me to buy things I didn’t want and give to causes I hadn’t heard of,” says Cialdini on the phone from London, where he is plugging his latest book.D. He found that laboratory experiments on the psychology of persuasion were telling only part of the story, so he began to research influence in the real world, enrolling in sales-training programmes: “I learnt how to sell automobiles from a lot, how to sell insurance from an office, how to sell encyclopedias door to door.” He concluded there were six general “principles of influence” and has, since put them to the test under slightly more scientific conditions. Most recently, that has meant messing about with towels. Many hotels leave a little card in each bathroom asking guests to reuse towels and thus conserve water and electricity and reduce pollution. Cialdini and his colleagues wanted to test the relative effectiveness of different words on thosecards. Would guests be motivated to co-operate simply because it would help save the planet, or were other factors more compelling? To test this, the researchers changed the card’s message from an environmental one to the simple (and truthful) statement that the majority of guests at the hotel had reused their towel at least once. Guests given this message were 26% more likely to reuse their towels than those given the old message. In Cialdini’s book “Yes! 50 Secrets from the Science of Persuasion”, co-written with another social scientist and a business consultant, he explains that guests were responding to the persuasive force of “social proof”, the idea that our decisions are strongly influenced by what we believe other people like us are doing.E. So much for towels. Cialdini has also learnt a lot from confectionery （糖果店）.Yes! cites the work of New Jersey behavioural scientist David Strohmetz, who wanted to see how restaurant patrons （老顾客）would respond to a ridiculously small favour from their food server, in the form of an after inner chocolate for each diner. The secret, it seems, is in how you give the chocolate. When the chocolates arrived in a heap with the bill, tips went up a miserly 3% compared to when no chocolate was given. But when the chocolates were dropped individually in front of each diner, tips went up 14%. The scientific breakthrough, though, came when the waitress gave each diner one chocolate, headed away from the table then doubled back to give them one more each, as if such generosity （慷慨）had only just occurred to her. Tips went up 23%.This is “reciprocity” in action: we want to return favours done to us, often without bothering to calculate the relative value of what is being received and given.F. Geeling Ng, operations manager at Auckland’s Soul Bar, says she’s never heard of Kiwi waiting staff using such a cynical （愤世嫉俗的）trick, not least because New Zealand tipping culture is so different from that of the US: “If you did that in New Zealand, as diners were leaving they’d say ‘can we have some more?” ‘ But she certainly understands the general principle of reciprocity （互惠原则）. The way to a diner’s heart is “to give them something they’re not expecting in the way of service. It might be something as small as leaving a mint on their plate, or it might be remembering that last time they were in they wanted their water with no ice and no lemon. “In America it would translate into an instant tip. In New Zealand it translates into a huge smile and thank you.” And no doubt, return visits.THE FIVE PRINCIPLES OF PERSUASIONG. Reciprocity: People want to give back to those who have given tothem. The trick here is to get in first. That’s why charities put a crummy pen inside a mailout, and why smiling women in supermarkets hand out dollops of free food. Scarcity: （缺乏）People want more of things they can have less of. Advertisers ruthlessly exploit scarcity (“limit four per customer”, “sale must end soon”), and Cialdini suggests parents do too: “Kids want things that are less available, so say “this is an unusual opportunity; you can only have this for a certain time.”H. Authority: We trust people who know what they’re talking about. So inform people honestly of your credentials （证书）before you set out to influence them. “You’d be surprised how many people fail to do that,” says Cialdini. “They feel it’s impolite to talk about their expertise.” In one study, therapists whose patients wouldn’t do their exercises were advised to display their qualification certificates prominently. They did, and experienced an immediate leap in patient compliance.I. Commitment/consistency: We want to act in a way that is consistent with the commitments we have already made. Exploit this to get a higher sign-up rate when soliciting （征求）charitable donations. First ask workmates if they think they will sponsor you on your egg-and-spoon marathon. Later, return with the sponsorship form to those who said yes and remind them of their earlier commitment.J. Liking: We say yes more often to people we like. Obvious enough, but reasons for “liking” can be weird. In one study, people were sent survey forms and asked to return them to a named researcher. When the researcher gave a fake name resembling that of the subject (eg, Cynthia Johnson is sent a survey by “Cindy Johansen”), surveys were twice as likely to be completed. We favour people who resemble us, even if the resemblance is as minor as the sound of their name.K. Social proof: We decide what to do by looking around to see what others just like us are doing. Useful for parents, says Cialdini. “Find groups of children who are behaving in a way that you would like your child to, because the child looks to the side, rather than at you.” More perniciously （有害的）, social proof is the force underpinning （打基础）the competitive materialism of “keeping up with the Joneses” （攀比）。
20150530雅思阅读考题回顾朗阁官方
雅思考试阅读考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心徐航考试日期 2015年5月30日Reading Passage 1Title 偏远地区交通 Practical action（科技类）（V120421 P1）Question types 判断题4题句子填空4题图表填空5题文章内容回顾1-4判断题1. 政府非常了解偏远地区的问题NO2. 贫困地区机动车数量上升NOT GIVEN5-8句子填空题5. The organization is a charity6-7. It is easier for people to access to markets and complete daily task.9-13图表填空题9. rubber tyre10. joining mechanism to the bicycle11. Bed section with cushion12. Seat section for a family member13. A special cover for poor weather condition相关原文阅读Practical actionFor more than 40 years, Practical Action have worked with poor communities to identify the types of transport that work best, taking into consideration culture, needs and skills. With our technical and practical support, isolated rural communities can design, build and maintain their own solutions.A. Whilst the focus of National Development Plans in the transport sector lies heavily in the areas of extending road networks and bridges, there are still major gaps identified in addressing the needs of poorer communities.There is a need to develop and promote the sustainable use of alternative transport systems and intermediate means of transportation (IMTs) that complement the linkages of poor people with road networks and other socio-economic infrastructures toimprove their livelihoods.B. On the other hand, the development of all weathered roads (only30 percent of rural population have access to this so far) and motorable bridges are very costly for a country with a small and stagnant economy. In addition these interventions are not always favourable in all geographical contexts environmentally, socially and economically. More than 60 percent of the network is concentrated in the lowland areas of the country. Although there are a number of alternative ways by which transportation and mobility needs of rural communities in the hills can be addressed, a lack of clear government focus and policies, lack of fiscal and economic incentives, lack of adequate technical knowledge and manufacturing capacities have led to under-development of this alternative transport sub-sector including the provision of IMTs.C. One of the major causes of poverty is isolation. Improving the access and mobility of the isolated poor paves the way for access to markets, services and opportunities. By improving transport poorer people are able to access markets where they can buy or sell goods for income, and make better use of essential services such as health and education. No proper roads or vehicles mean women and children are forced to spend many hours each day attending to their most basic needs, such as collecting water and firewood. This valuable time could be used to tend crops, care for the family, study or develop small business ideas to generate much needed income.Road buildingD. Without roads, rural communities are extremely restricted. Collecting water and firewood, and going to local markets is a huge task, therefore it is understandable that the construction of roads is a major priority for many rural communities. Practical Action are helping to improve rural access/transport infrastructures through the construction and rehabilitation of short rural roads, small bridges, culverts and other transport related functions. The aim is to use methods that encourage community driven development. This means villagers can improve their own lives through better access to markets, health care, education and other economic and social opportunities, as well as bringing improved services and supplies to the now-accessible villages.Driving forward new ideasE. Practical Action and the communities we work with are constantly crafting and honing new ideas to help poor people. Cycle trailers have a practical business use too, helping people carry their goods, such as vegetables and charcoal, to markets for sale. Not only that, but those on the poverty-line can earn a decent income by making, maintaining and operating bicycle taxis. With Practical Action’s know-how, Sri Lankan communities have been able to start a bus service and maintain the roads along which it travels.The impact has been remarkable. This service has put an end to rural people’s social isolation. Quick and affordable, it gives them a reliable way to travel to the nearest town; and now their children can get an education, making it far more likely they’ll find a path out of poverty. Practical Action is also an active member of many national and regional networks through which exchange of knowledge and advocating based on action research are carried out and one conspicuous example is the Lanka Organic Agriculture Movement sky-scraping transport system.F. For people who live in remote, mountainous areas, getting food to market in order to earn enough money to survive is a serious issue. The hills are so steep that travelling down them is dangerous. A porter can help but they are expensive, and it would still take hours or even a day. The journey can take so long that their goods start to perish and become worth less and less. Practical Action has developed an ingenious solution called an aerial ropeway. It can either operate by gravitation force or with the use of external power. The ropeway consists of two trolleys rolling over support tracks connected to a control cable in the middle which moves in a traditional flywheel system. The trolley at the top is loaded with goods and can take up to 120kg. This is pulled down to the station at the bottom, either by the force of gravity or by external power. The other trolley at the bottom is therefore pulled upwards automatically. The external power can be produced by a micro hydro system if access to an electricity grid is not an option. Bringing people on board.G. Practical Action developed a two-wheeled iron trailer that can be attached (via a hitch behind the seat) to a bicycle and be used to carry heavy loads (up to around 200kgs) of food, water or evenpassengers. People can now carry three times as much as beforeand still pedal the bicycle. The cycle trailers are used fortransporting goods by local producers, as ambulances, as mobileshops, and even as mobile libraries. They are made in small villageworkshops from iron tubing, which is cut, bent, welded and drilledto make the frame and wheels. Modifications are also carried out tothe trailers in these workshops at the request of the buyers. Thetwo-wheeled ‘ambulance’ is made from moulded metal, withstandard rubber-tyred wheels. The "bed" section can be paddedwith cushions to make the patient comfortable, while the “seat”section allows a family member to attend to patient during transit.A dedicated bicycle is needed to pull the ambulance trailer, so thatother community members do not need to go without the bicyclesthey depend on in their daily lives. A joining mechanism allows foreasy removal and attachment. In response to user comments, acover has been designed that can be added to give protection tothe patient and attendant in poor weather. Made of treated cotton,the cover is durable and waterproof.题型难度分析难度较低，判断题属于顺序类题型，填空题比较集中。
2015年7月25日雅思考试阅读真题
2015年7月23日雅思考试阅读真题Passage 2：题目：Finding our way内容：人类行为的研究题型：配对题5道，选择题3道，判断题5道题号：V100529Finding Our WayA “Drive 200 yards, and then turn right, “says the car’s computer voice. You relax in the driver’s seat, follow the directions and reach your destination without error. It’s certainly nice to have the Global Positioning System (GPS) to direct you to within a few yards of your goal. Yet if the satellite service’s digital maps become even slightly outdated, you can become lost. Then you have to rely on the ancient human skill of navigating 航行in three-dimensional space. Luckily, your biological finder生物探测器/发现者has an important advantage over GPS: it does not go awry失败/出错if only one part of the guidance system goes wrong, because it works in various ways. You can ask questions of people on the sidewalk. Or follow a street that looks familiar. Or rely on a navigational rubric红色标志: "If I keep the East River on my left, I will eventually cross 34th Street.” The human positioning system is flexible and capable of learning. Anyone who knows the way from point A to point B—and from A to C—can probably figure out how to get fromB to C, too.B But how does this complex cognitive认知system really work? Researchers are looking at several strategies people use to orient 向东themselves in space: guidance, path integration and route following. We may use all three or combinations thereof在其中. And as experts learn more about these navigational skills, they are making the case that our abilities may underlie在什么基础下our powers of memory and logical thinking. Grand Central中央车站, Please Imagine that you have arrived in a place you have never visited—New York City. You get off the train at Grand Central Terminal in midtown Manhattan. You have a few hours to explore before you must return for your ride home. You head uptown to see popular spots you have been told about: Rockefeller Center洛克菲勒中心, Central Park, and the Metropolitan Museum of Art大都会博物馆. You meander 漫步in and out of shops along the way. Suddenly, it is time to get back to the station. But how?C If you ask passersby for help, most likely you will receive information in many different forms. A person who orients herself by a prominent landmark would gesturesouthward: "Look down there. See the tall, broad MetLife Building? Head for that—the station is right be low it. “Neurologists call this navigational approach "guidance,” meaning that a landmark visible from a distance serves as t he marker for one’s destination.D Another city dweller居民might say: "What places do you remember passing? . . . Okay. Go toward the end of Central Park, then walk down to St. Patrick’s Cathedral大教堂.A few more blocks, and Grand Central will be off to yo ur left. “In this case, you are pointed toward the most recent place you recall, and you aim for it. Once there you head for the next notable place and so on, retracing折回your path. Your brain is adding together the individual legs of your trek艰难跋涉into a cumulative积累的progress report. Researchers call this strategy "path integration.”路劲整合Many animals rely primarily on path integration to get around, including insects, spiders, crabs and rodents啮齿动物. The desert ants of the genus类Cataglyphis 沙蚁employ this method to return from foraging觅食as far as 100 yards away. They note the general direction they came from and retrace their steps, using the polarization极化of sunlight to orient themselves even under overcast skies阴暗的天空. On their way back they are faithful to this inner homing vector航线. Even when a scientist picks up an ant and puts it in a totally different spot, the insect stubbornly proceeds in the originally determined direction until it has gone "back" all of the distance it wandered from its nest. Only then does the ant realize it has not succeeded, and it begins to walk in successively larger loops循环to find its way home.E Whether it is trying to get back to the anthill or the train station, any animal using path integration must keep track of its own movements so it knows, while returning, which segments it has already completed. As you move, your brain gathers data from your environment—sights, sounds, smells, lighting, muscle contractions收缩, a sense of time passing—to determine which way your body has gone. The church spire尖塔, the sizzling 极热的sausages香肠on that vendor’s grill小贩的架子, the open courtyard庭院, and the train station—all represent snapshots快照of memorable junctures 连接during your journey.F In addition to guidance and path integration, we use a third method for finding our way. An office worker you approach for help on a Manhattan street comer might say: "Walk straight down Fifth, turn left on 47th, turn right on Park, go through the walkway under the Helmsley Building, then cross the stree t to the MetLife Building into Grand Central.” This strategy, called route following, uses landmarks such as building sand street names, plus directions—straight, turn, go through—for reaching intermediate中间点points. Route following is more precise than guidance or path integration, but if you forget the details and take a wrong turn, the only way to recover is to backtrack until you reach a familiar spot, because you do not know the general direction or have a reference landmark for your goal. The route-following navigation strategy truly challenges the brain. We have to keep all the landmarks and intermediate directions in our head. It is the most detailed and therefore most reliable method, but it can be undone by routine memory lapses记忆差错. With path integration, our cognitive memory is less burdened负担大; it has to deal with only a few general instructions and the homing vector. Path integration works because it relies most fundamentally on our knowledge of our body’s general direction o f movement, and we always have access to these inputs. Nevertheless, people often choose to give route- following directions, in part because saying "Go straight that way!" just does notwork in our complex, man- made surroundings.G Road Map or Metaphor隐喻? On your next visit to Manhattan you will rely on your memory to get around. Most likely you will use guidance, path integration and route following in various combinations. But how exactly do these constructs构图deliver concrete directions? Do we humans have, as an image of the real world, a kind of road map in our heads—with symbols for cities, train stations and churches; thick粗线lines for highways; narrow lines for local streets? Neurobiologists and cognitive psychologists do call the portion部分of our memory that controls navigation a "cognitive map.” The map metaphor is obviously seductive引人注意的: maps are the easiest way to present geographic information for convenient visual inspection. In many cultures, maps were developed before writing, and today they are used in almost every society. It is even possible that maps derive from a universal way in which our spatial空间的-memory networks are wired接电线的.H Yet the notion of a literal map in our heads may be misleading; a growing body of research implies that the cognitive map is mostly a metaphor. It may be more like a hierarchical层级structure of relationships.To get back to Grand Central, you first envision (想象) the large scale—that is, you visualize the general direction of the station. Within that system you then imagine the route to the last place you remember. After that, you observe your nearby surroundings to pick out a recognizable可辨认的storefront店面or street comer that will send you toward that place. In this hierarchical, or nested, scheme, positions and distances are relative, in contrast with a road map, where the same information is shown in a geometrically几何学上的precise scale.Questions 14-18Use the information in the passage to match the category of each navigation method (listed A-C) with correct statement. Write the appropriate letters A-C in boxes 14-18on your answer sheet.NB you may use any letter more than onceA GuidanceB Path integration.C Route following14 Using basic direction from starting point and light intensity强度to move on. B15 Using combination of place and direction heading for destination. C16 Using an iconic标志性building near your destination as orientation. A17 Using a retrace method from a known place if a mistake happens. C18 Using a passed spot as reference for a new integration. BQuestions 19-21Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write your answers in boxes 19-21 on your answer sheet.19 What does the ant of Cataglyphis respond if it has been taken to another location according to the passage?A Changes the orientation sensors感应improvinglyB Releases biological scent气味for help from othersC Continues to move by the original orientationD totally gets lost once disturbed20 Which of the followings is true about "cognitive map" in this passage?A There is not obvious difference contrast by real mapB It exists in our head and is always correctC It only exists under some culturesD It was managed by brain memory21 Which of following description of way findings correctly reflects the function of cognitive map?A It visualizes a virtual route in a large scopeB It reproduces an exact details of every landmarkC Observation plays a more important roleD Store or supermarket is a must in the mapQuestions 22-26Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2? In boxes 22-26 on your answer sheet, writeTRUEFALSENOT GIVEN22 Biological navigation has a state of flexibility. TRUE23 You will always receive good reaction when you ask direction.NOTGIVEN24 When someone follows a route, he or she collects comprehensive perceptional 知觉/感性information in mind on the way. TRUE25 Path integration requires more thought from brain compared with route-following. FALSE26 In a familiar surroundings, an exact map of where you are will automatically emerge in your head.FALSE。
20150704雅思阅读考题回顾朗阁官方
雅思考试阅读考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心 林炎珠考试日期： 2015年7月4日Reading Passage 1Title:The Origin of Camera Question types: Diagram 4题； Table Completion 4题；TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN 5题；文章内容回顾1895年卢米埃兄弟向大众展现火车进站的画面时，观众被活生生的影像吓得惊惶四散。
从此，活动摄影不只在人类纪实工具的发展史上具有划时代的意义，而且火车进站的镜头也象征着电影技术发展的源起。
1888年，爱迪生开始研究活动照片，当伊斯曼发明了连续底片后，爱迪生立刻将连续底片买回来，请威廉甘乃迪和罗利狄克生着手进行研究。
1891年，爱迪生申请影像映出管和摄影装置的发明专利权，这是“西洋镜”电影的鼻祖。
爱迪生发明“西洋镜”电影的想法是：由于西洋镜一次只能由一个人去“窥看”，再借助人们的好奇心，如此便可以增加利益，于是这种电影一时间非常流行。
不久，爱迪生又发明了世界最早的摄影棚，特别有助于电影的发展。
19世纪末，电影的诞生从根本上说是科学技术与艺术相结合的综合产物，使电影这门伟大的艺术叩响了20世纪的大门。
1-4设备说明示意图5-8表格题5. photography6. mirror7. disco8. on a screen9-13判断题9. TRUE10. FALSE11. FALSE12. TRUE13. NOT GIVEN相关英文原文阅读The Camera ObscuraAn artist using an 18th-century camera obscura to trace an image.Photographic cameras were a development of the camera obscura, a device possibly dating back to the ancient Chinese and ancient Greeks, which uses a pinhole or lens to project an image of the scene outside upside-down onto a viewing surface.An Arab physicist, Ibn al-Haytham, published his Book of Optics in 1021 AD. He created the first pinhole camera after observing how light traveled through a window shutter. Ibn al-Haytham realized that smaller holes would create sharper images. Ibn al-Haytham is also credited with inventing the first camera obscura.On 24 January 1544 mathematician and instrument maker Reiners Gemma Frisius of Leuven University used one to watch a solar eclipse, publishing a diagram of his method in De Radio Astronimica et Geometrico in the following year. In 1558 Giovanni Batista della Porta was the first to recommend the method as an aid to drawing.[6] Before the invention of photographic processes there was no way to preserve the images produced by these cameras apart from manually tracing them. The earliest cameras were room-sized, with space for one or more people inside; these gradually evolved into more and more compact models such as that by Nipce's time portable handheld cameras suitable for photography were readily available. The first camera that was small and portable enough to be practical for photography was envisioned by Johann Zahn in 1685, though it would be almost 150 years before such an application was possible.题型难度分析第一篇的题型包括两种图表填空题和判断题。
雅思考试阅读考题回顾
大连朗阁培训中心Research Academy for Foreign Language Examinations雅思考试阅读考题回顾大连朗阁培训中心考试日期：2014 年 10 月 18 日Reading Passage 1Title:Undergraduate Students Study DramaQuestion types:TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN 4 题表格填空题 9 题文章内容回顾文学专业的学生学习戏剧，列举了不同时代的四种剧院的特点，戏剧的发展和影响，让学生观看英国不同时期的不同戏剧。
This degree course combines the theory and practice of drama.Thetwo approaches are not merely complementary, but areindivisible inthe study of drama and theatre at degree level.The main teaching modes comprise seminar discussion andpracticalworkshop sessions, which explore play texts, theoreticalwritings,performance traditions and techniques, and examine thetheatre’srole and function in society throughout history. European,Americanand non-Western theatre traditions are studied as well asBritishtheatre.Modules in Technical theatre, lighting, sound, set andcostume,television drama, and playwriting are also available.Practical worktakes place primarily in the Department’s theatre andstudios. The Sir相关英文原文阅读Robert Martin Theatre seats an audience of up to 300 and has a proscenium arch, which is easily adapted to accommodate otherforms of production. The Leonard Dixon Studio and the StanleyEvernden Studio are flexible spaces seating up to 86and 45respectively.Studying AbroadOur courses enable you to study for a selected period of timeininternational destinations such as the USA, Canada, Singaporeandcontinental Europe.AssessmentThe course is assessed solely through coursework, usingvariousmethods according to the module being studied. Methodsinclude:essays/reflective work, seminar participation, online in-class tests,大连朗阁培训中心Research Academy for Foreign Language Examinations annotated bibliographies, performance projects, in-classpresentations, research projects, workbook/log books, groupwork & peer assessments and dissertation.第一篇的题型包括是非无判断题和表格填空题。
2015年01月31日雅思考试阅读考题回顾
雅思考试阅读考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心张晓予考试日期 2015年1月31日Reading Passage 1Title Tattoo on Tikopia (V101030 P1)Question types 是非无判断题 YES/NO/NOT GIVEN 4题图表填空题Diagram Completion 5题表格填空题Table Completion 4题文章内容回顾本文研究的是毛利人的传统纹身，先介绍背景（定义、历史），科学家喜欢研究这种纹身，然后介绍纹身的制作工艺，最后说了纹身的含义。
相关英文原文阅读There’re still debates about the origins of Polynesian culture (debate details can be found by searching “Polynesian Culture” in wikipedia), but one thing we can ensure is that Polynesia is not a single tribe but a complex one. Polynesians which includes Marquesans, Samoans, Niueans, Tongans, Cook Islanders, Hawaiians, Tahitians, and Māori, are genetically linked to indigenous peoples of parts of Southeast Asia. It’s a sub-region of Oceania, comprising of a large grouping of over 1 ,000 islands scattered over the central and southern Pacific Ocean, within a triangle that has New Zealand, Hawaii and Easter Island as its corners. The two pictures below clearly show this triangle:People who live in these islands are regarded as Polynesians for their similar traits in language, customs, society and culture. Some people’s question about the differences between Polynesian and Samoan, Marquesans, Tongans or Tahitian tattoos (e.g.) can be answered here: They are just a branch of Polynesian Tattoos and each branch has its own subtle features. However few people know or realize the differences among them today.The first visited Polynesian islands were the Marquesas Islands, which is found by European explorers, the Spanish navigator, Álvaro de Mendaña de Neira, in 1595. But the European navigators showed little interest due to the lack of valuable resources.Captain James Cook was the first navigator trying to explore the whole Polynesia Triangle. The naturalist aboard “the HMS Endeavour” (Captain Cook’s ship), Joseph Banks, first mentioned the word “tattoo” (Also called “Tatau” by Samoan and “Tatu” by Tahitian) in his journal: “I shall now mention the way they mark themselves indelibly, each of them is so marked by their humor ordisposition”.In 1771, when James Cook first returned to Tahiti and New Zealand from his first Voyage, the word “tattoo” appeared in Europe. He narrated a behavior of Polynesian in his voyage, which is called “tattaw”. He also brought a Tahitian named Ma’i to Europe and since then tattoo started to become rapidly famous because of the tattoos of Ma’i. Another saying is that the Polynesian tattoos were fond of by European sailors and spread extremely fast in Europe because they were with the tattoos emblazoned on their bodies when back home after voyages.The tradition of Polynesian tattooing existed from 2000 years ago. In 18th century this operation was strictly banned by the Old Testament. In early 1980′s, tattooing started to get a renaissance. Since then many lost arts were retrieved by Polynesians. But due to the difficulty in sterilizing the traditional tools, the Ministry of Health banned tattooing in French Polynesia in 1986.Although many years passed, tools and techniques of Polynesian tattooing have changed little. For a strictly traditional design, the skill gets handed from father to son, or master to disciple. Each tattoo artist, or tufuga, learned the craft over many years of serving as his master’s apprentice. They vertically passed their knowledge and rarely spread it widely because of its sacred nature.Tattoo was a way delivering information of its owner. It’s also a traditional method to fetch spiritual power, protection and strength. The Polynesians use this as a sign of character, position and levels in a hierarchy. Polynesian peoples believe that a person’s mana, their spiritual power or life force, is displayed through their tattoo. Almost every Polynesian got a tattoo in ancient times.Tattoo masters are the most crucial people because they bear the meaning of symbols and motifs in memory and know how to combine them to create a meaningful work of art to each person. For example, sea creatures are very common Polynesian symbols, like mantas, sharks, bonitos and sea urchins. Each of them has a meaning related to its inner nature and embodies the meaning by tattooing it on to the body. Polynesian tattoo masters can express varieties of meanings by combining different Polynesian symbols and motifs together.Polynesian tattoo style can vary from island to island. It depends onthe degree of evolution of various traditions from the original common tattoo designs, like Lapita, which is a former Pacific archeological culture. Ancient original styles mainly consist of some simple patterns, like straight lines, repeating on the body. These geometrical styles can be found in Hawaiian and Samoan tattoo traditions, or in tattoos from Fiji, Palau, Tonga, etc. Because the age is too far from nowadays, the meanings of these patterns are almost lost, or debatable. The most used styles nowadays, which instead consist of rounded patterns, are from Marquesas Island.题型难度分析旧题，历史文化类题材，简单。
雅思写作A类考题回顾朗阁官方20150723
雅思考试写作A类考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心刘雅敏Task 1考试日期：2015.07.23类别Bar题目The following chart gives information about the unemployment rate of people aged between 15 and 24and the overall unemployment rate of five Europeancountries in 2005.题目翻译以下图表显示了2005年欧洲五个国家15岁至24岁之间的公民的失业率，以及整体的失业率情况。
要素回忆（图片仅供参考）写作指导1）注意时态的表达2）注意比较：五个国家15-24岁公民之间失业率的比较；15-24岁之间失业率与整体失业率的比较3）注意极值的描写重点表达式It is apparent from the chart/graph…The unemployment rate of … stood at the largestamong five countries in 2005, which was twice thatof ….题目评价难度较低1:关于男女出行里程数的静态柱状图；Task推荐练习 2014.11.08剑4 Test 3 Task 1；近期考试趋势8月份要重点关注柱状图、线图和饼图，次重点也可关注表格和流程图。
Task 2考试日期：2015.07.23类别社会类题目Some people say government should give the healthcare the first priority, while others believe there aremore important priorities to spend the tax payers'money. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 题目翻译一些人认为政府应该优先考虑医疗，但是其他人认为纳税人的钱应该用在更重要的事情上。
2015年03月21日雅思阅读考题回顾
雅思考试阅读考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心 徐航考试日期 2015年3月21日Reading Passage 1TitleExploration and Exploitation 发现新大陆（历史类）V130606 Question types 判断题 7题句子填空 6题文章内容回顾 哥伦布发现新大陆的时间英国人也去过。
1864年出发，因为各种原因被阻止，最终带了17个人出发，发现新大陆并且记载，但并没有被流传。
后来有一个人去了但没有记载和证据。
再后来他儿子在那里发展了捕鱼业。
提到南欧和北欧人对鱼的保存方式不同，北欧和挪威人一样dry fish, 但南欧因为地处海边所以用大量盐来处理鱼，对这点有详细的比较说明。
有一个Dr 对这种不同做了详细的比较。
最后一段提到了account 。
1-7判断题1. True2. False3. Not Given4. True5. False6. Not Given7. True8-13句子填空8. 葡萄牙人的船队最远到Africa9. 他们的ships 被大量鱼阻碍10. 南欧人在18世纪储存鱼用salt相关原文阅读First voyage12 October 1492 – Christopher Columbus discovers The Americas for Spain, painting by John Vanderlyn.On the evening of 3 August 1492, Columbus departed from Palos de la Fronterawith three ships: a larger carrack, the Santa María ex-Gallega ("Galician"), and two smaller caravels, the Pinta ("The Pint", "The Look", or "The Spotted One") and the Santa Clara, nicknamed the Niña (lit. "Girl") after her owner Juan Niño of Moguer. The monarchs forced the Palos inhabitants to contribute to the expedition. The Santa María was owned by Juan de la Cosa and captained by Columbus. The Pinta and the Niña were piloted by the Pinzón brothers (Martín Alonso and Vicente Yáñez).Columbus first sailed to the Canary Islands, which belonged to Castile, where he restocked the provisions and made repairs. After stopping over in Gran Canaria, he departed from San Sebastián de La Gomera on 6 September, for what turned out to be a five-week voyage across the ocean. A lookout on the Pinta, Rodrigo de Triana (also known as Juan Rodríguez Bermeo), spotted land about 2:00 on the morning of 12 October, and immediately alerted the rest of the crew with a shout. Thereupon, the captain of the Pinta, Martín Alonso Pinzón, verified the discovery and alerted Columbus by firing a lombard. Columbus later maintained that he himself had already seen a light on the land a few hours earlier, thereby claiming for himself the lifetime pension promised by Ferdinand and Isabella to the first person to sight land.Columbus called the island (in what is now The Bahamas) San Salvador; the natives called it Guanahani. Exactly which island in the Bahamas this corresponds to is unresolved. Based on primary accounts and based on what one would expect based on the geographic positions of the islands given Columbus's venture's course, the prime candidates are San Salvador Island (so named in 1925 on the theory that it was Columbus' San Salvador), Samana Cay, and Plana Cays.The indigenous people he encountered, the Lucayan, Taíno, or Arawak, were peaceful and friendly. Noting their gold ear ornaments, Columbus took some of the Arawaks prisoner and insisted that they guide him to the source of the gold.From the entry in his journal of 12 October 1492, in which he wrote of them, "Many of the men I have seen have scars on their bodies, and when I made signs to them to find out how this happened, theyindicated that people from other nearby islands come to San Salvador to capture them; they defend themselves the best they can. I believe that people from the mainland come here to take them as slaves. They ought to make good and skilled servants, for they repeat very quickly whatever we say to them. I think they can very easily be made Christians, for they seem to have no religion. If it pleases our Lord, I will take six of them to Your Highnesses when I depart, in order that they may learn our language."Columbus remarked that their lack of modern weaponry and metal-forged swords or pikes was a tactical vulnerability, writing, "I could conquer the whole of them with 50 men, and govern them as I pleased."Columbus also explored the northeast coast of Cuba, where he landed on 28 October. On 22 November, Martín Alonso Pinzón took the Pinta on an unauthorized expedition in search of an island called "Babeque" or "Baneque", which the natives had told him was rich in gold. Columbus, for his part, continued to the northern coast of Hispaniola, where he landed on 5 December.There, the Santa María ran aground on Christmas Day 1492 and had to be abandoned. The wreck was used as a target for cannon fire to impress the native peoples. Columbus was received by the native cacique Guacanagari, who gave him permission to leave some of his men behind. Columbus left 39 men, includingLuis de Torres, the Converso interpreter, who spoke Hebrew and Arabic, and founded the settlement of La Navidad at the site of present-day Bord de Mer de Limonade, Haiti. Columbus took more natives prisoner and continued his exploration. He kept sailing along the northern coast of Hispaniola with a single ship, until he encountered Pinzón and the Pinta on 6 January.On 13 January 1493, Columbus made his last stop of this voyage in the New World. He landed on the Samaná Peninsula, where he met the hostile Ciguayos who presented him with his only violent resistance during his first voyage to the Americas. The Ciguayos had refused to trade the amount of bows and arrows that Columbus desired; in the ensuing violence two were stabbed to death. Because of this and because of the Ciguayos' use of arrows, he called the inlet where he met them the Bay of Arrows (or Gulf of Arrows). Today, the place is called the Bay of Rincón, in Samaná, the Dominican Republic. Columbus kidnapped about 10 to 25 natives and took them back with him (only seven or eight of the native Indians arrived inSpain alive, but they made quite an impression onSeville).Columbus headed for Spain on the Niña, but after a stop in the Azores a storm forced him to separate from the Pinta and into the port at Lisbon. He anchored next to the King's harbor patrol ship on 4 March 1493 in Portugal and was interviewed by Bartolomeu Dias, whose rounding of the Cape of Good Hope a few years earlier in 1488–1489 had complicated Columbus's attempts for funding from the Portuguese court. After spending more than one week in Portugal, and paying his respects to Eleanor of Viseu, he set sail for Spain. Ferdinand Magellan was a young boy and a ward of Eleanor's court; it is likely he saw Columbus during this visit. After departing, and after reportedly being saved from assassins by John II of Portugal, Columbus crossed the bar of Saltes and entered the harbor of Palos on 15 March 1493. Word of his finding new lands rapidly spread throughout Europe.Columbus's second voyageColumbus left the port of Cadiz on 24 September 1493, with a fleet of 17 ships carrying 1,200 men and the supplies to establish permanent colonies in the New World. The passengers included priests, farmers, and soldiers, who would be the new colonists. This reflected the new policy of creating not just "colonies of exploitation", but also "colonies of settlement" from which to launch missions dedicated to converting the natives to Christianity. Modern studies suggest that, as reported by the Washington Post, "crew members may have included free black Africans who arrived in the New World about a decade before the slave trade began."As in the first voyage, the fleet stopped at the Canary Islands, from which it departed on 13 October, following a more southerly course than on the previous expedition. On 3 November, Columbus sighted a rugged island that he named Dominica (Latin for Sunday); later that day, he landed at Marie-Galante, which he named Santa María la Galante. After sailing past Les Saintes (Los Santos, "The Saints"), he arrived at the island of Guadeloupe, which he named Santa María de Guadalupe de Extremadura, after the image of the Virgin Mary venerated at the Spanish monastery of Villuercas, inGuadalupe, Cáceres, Spain. He explored that island from 4 to 10 November.Michele da Cuneo, Columbus' childhood friend from Savona, sailed with Columbus during the second voyage and wrote: "In my opinion, since Genoa was Genoa, there was never born a man so wellequipped and expert in the art of navigation as the said lord Admiral." Columbus named the small island of "Saona ... to honor Michele da Cuneo, his friend from Savona."题型难度分析历史类文章是近期考试的高频，多去阅读同类型话题文章，增加对西方历史背景的熟悉度。
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雅思考试阅读考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心李园考试日期： 2015年7月23日Reading Passage 1Title: Traditional Farming System in Africa (V100717 P1)Question types: Complete the sentences 4题Classify 4题TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN 4题Multiple choice 1题文章内容回顾介绍非洲传统的农业系统相关英文原文阅读参考文章（粗体字部分为阅读高频词）：A By tradition land in Luapula is not owned by individuals, but as in many other parts of Africa is allocated by the headman or headwoman of a village to people of either sex, according to need. Since land is generally prepared by hand, one ulupwa cannot take on a very large area; in this sense land has not been a limiting resource over large parts of the province. The situation has already changed near the main townships, and there has long been a scarcity of land for cultivation in the Valley. In these areas registered ownership patterns are becoming prevalent.B Most of the traditional cropping in Luapula, as n the Bemba area to the east, is based on citemene, a system whereby crops are grown on the ashes of tree branches. As a rule, entire trees are not felled, but are pollarded so that they can regenerate. Branches are cut over an area of varying size early in the dry season, and stacked to dry over a rough circle about a fifth to a tenth of the pollarded area. The wood is fired before the rains and in the first year planted with the African cereal finger millet (Eleusinecoracana).C During the second season, and possibly for afew seasons more the area is planted to variously mixed combinations of annuals such as maize,pumpkins (Telfiriaoccidentalis) and other cucurbits, sweet potatoes, groundnuts, Pharsalus beans and various leafy vegetables, grown with a certain amount of rotation. The diverse sequence ends with vegetable cassava, which is often planted into the developinglast-but-one crop as a relay.D Richards (1969) observed that the practice ofcitemene entails a definite division of labour between men and women. A man stakes out a plot in an unobtrusive manner, since it is consideredprovocative towards one’s neighbours to mark boundaries in an explicit way. The dangerous work of felling branches is the men’s province, and involves much pride. Branches are stacked by the women, and fired by the men. Formerly women and men cooperated in the planting work, but the harvesting was always done bathe women. At the beginning of the cycle little weeding is necessary, since the firing of the branches effectively destroys weeds. As the cycle progresses weeds increase and nutrients eventually become depleted to a point where further effort with annual crops is judged to be not worthwhile: at this point the cassava is planted, since it can produce a crop on nearly exhausted soil. Thereafter the plot is abandoned, and a new area pollarded for the next citemene cycle.E When forest is not available - this is increasingly the case nowadays - various ridging systems (ibala) are built on small areas, to be planted with combinations of maize, beans, groundnuts and sweet potatoes, usually relayed with cassava. These plots are usually tended by women, and provide subsistence. Where their roots have year-round access to water tables mango, guava and oil-palm trees often grow around houses, forming a traditional agroforestry system. In season some of the fruit is sold by the road side or in local marketsF The margins of dambos are sometimes planted to local varieties of rice during the rainy season, and areas adjacent to vegetables irrigated with water from the dambo during the dry season. The extent of cultivation is very limited, no doubt because the growing of crops under dambo conditions calls for a great deal of skill. Near towns some of the vegetable produce is sold in local markets.G Fishing has long provided a much needed protein supplement to the diet of Luapulans, as well as being the one substantial source of cash. Much fish is dried for sale to areas away from the main waterways. The Mweru and Bangweulu Lake Basins are the main areas of year-round fishing, but the Luapula River is also exploited during the latter part of the dry season. Several previously abundant and desirable species, such as the Luapula salmon or mpumbu (Labeoaltivelis) and pale (Saro the rodonmachochir) have all but disappeared from Lake Mweru, apparently due to mismanagement.H Fishing has always been a far more remunerative activity in Luapula that crop husbandry. A fisherman may earn more in a week than a bean or maize grower in a whole season. I sometimes heard claims that the relatively high earnings to be obtained from fishing induced an ‘easy come, easy go’ outlook among Luapulan men. On the other hand, someone who secures good but erratic earnings may feel that their investment in an economically productive activity is not worthwhile because Luapulans fail to cooperate well in suchactivities. Besides, a fisherman with spare cash will find little in the way of working equipment to spend his money on. Better spend one’s money in the bars and have a good time!I Only small numbers of cattle or oxen are keptin the province owing to the prevalence of the tsetse fly. For the few herds, the dambos provide subsistence grazing during the dry season. The absence of animal draft power greatly limits peoples’ ability to plough and cultivate land: a married couple can rarely manage to prepare by hand-hoeing. Most people keep freely roaming chickens and goats. These act as a reserve for bartering, but may also be occasionally slaughtered for ceremonies or for entertaining important visitors. These animals are not a regular part of most peoples’ diet.J Citemene has been an ingenious system for providing people with seasonal production of high quality cereals and vegetables in regions of acid, heavily leached soils. Nutritionally, the most serious deficiency was that of protein. This could at times be alleviated when fish was available, provided that cultivators lived near the Valley and could find the means of bartering for dried fish. The citemene/fishing system was well adapted to the ecology of the miombo regions and sustainable for long periods, but only as long as human population densities stayed at low levels. Although population densities are still much lower than in several countries of South-East Asia, neither the fisheries nor the forests and woodlands of Luapula are capable, with unmodified traditional practices, of supporting the people in a sustainable manner.Overall, people must learn to intensify and diversify their productive systems while yet ensuring that these systems will remain productive in the future, when even more people will need food. Increasing overall production of food, though a vast challenge in itself, will not be enough, however. At the same time storage and distribution systems must allow everyone access to at least a moderate share of the total.题型难度分析Questions 1-4Complete the sentences below with words taken from Reading Passage 1. Choose NO MORETHAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.1. In Luapula land allocation is in accordance with need.2. The citemene system provides the land with (the) ashes where crops are planted.3. During the second season, the last planted crop is (vegetable) cassava.4. Under suitable conditions, fruit trees are planted near houses. Questions 5-8Classify the following items with the correct description.Write your answers in boxes 5-8 on your answer sheet.A. fishB. oxenC. goats5. be used in some unusual occasions, such as celebrations. C6. cannot thrive for being affected by the pests. B7. be the largest part of creating profit. A8. be sold beyond the local area. AQuestions 9-12Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? WriteTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts with the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this9. People rarely use animals to cultivate land. TRUE10. When it is a busy time, children usually took part in the labor force. NOTGIVEN11. The local residents eat goats on a regular time. FALSE12. Though citemene has been a sophisticated system, it could not provide enough protein. TRUEQuestion 13Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.What is the writer’s opinion about the traditional ways of practices? BA. They can supply the nutrition that people need.B. They are not capable of providing adequate support to the population.C. They are productive systems that need no more improving.D. They will be easily modified in the future第一篇的题型涉及较多，填空题+classify+判断+主旨单选。