英汉翻译基础(三)

我们怀疑这是否是真的。
We are doubtful whether it is true or not. (v>adj)
他支持这个建议，我反对。 He is for the suggestion, but I am against it. (v>prep)
这电影正在上演吗？ Is the movie on? (v>adv)
Revising
None of the parties shall be entitled to make any press release or other public statement or disclosure concerning this agreement without the prior written consent of the other parties. 初译：未经其他各方事先书面同意，任何一方均无 权就有关本协议举行新闻发布会、公开声明或披 露。 改译：未经其他各方事先书面同意，任何一方均无 权就有关本协议举行新闻发布会、发表公开声明 或对外泄密。
英译汉：静到动
An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current affairs. 读一点世界史，对学习时事是有帮助的。(n>v) You are ignorant of the duties you undertake in marrying. (adj>v)
Contents
1）词义的选择 2）词类转换 3）词的增补 4）词的省略 4）叠词翻译 5）四字词翻译
1）词义的选择
以like为例：
The two buildings are very like. （形容词/alike）
Don‟t treat me like a guest. （介词） Like enough, the ship will arrive in the port tomorrow. （副词/likely） Like knows like.（名词）
Barcelona is king of Modernism architecture.
巴塞罗纳在体现现代主义建筑风格上首屈一指。
词的感情色彩
怀孕： She is having a baby. She is expecting. She is in a family way. She is knitting little booties. She is in a delicate condition. She is in an interesting condition.
Homework
努力按照所学的标准英译汉。
cry up wine and sell vinegar put back the clock drink like a fish She couldn‟t have come at a better time. The picture flattered her. He is a walking skeleton. She held the little boy by the right hand. I have no opinion of that sort of man. He was taken up above the salt. You look darker after the holiday.
Scheme: The enemy's scheme went bankrupt. 敌人的阴谋破产了。 We have mapped out a scheme. 我们制订了一项计划。
Practice
aggressive: Aggressive nations threaten world peace. 侵略成性的国家威胁到世界和平。 A successful businessman has to be aggressive. 一个成功的推销员必须要有闯劲。
你完全不懂你在婚姻方面应承担的责任。
That day he was up before sunrise. 那天他在日出以前就起来了。 (prep>v)
汉译英：动到静
一切爱好和平的人们都要求禁止原子武器。
All peace loving people demand the prohibition of atomic weapons. (v>n)
பைடு நூலகம்
贬义与褒义
警察： policeman 正式用语； cop 美国口语； bobby 英国口语； nab 美国俚语 声誉： fame ：褒义 reputation和repute：可用作褒义或贬义。 renown 显赫的声誉，用作褒义。 notoriety 一词则用作贬义，和fame 相对。
Practice
2）词类转换
目的：或为了顺应目的语的句法结构，或为了符合 目的语中的表达习惯。 汉语喜欢用动态（dynamic state）角度反映某些 静态（static state）现实，而在英语中，则喜欢 用静态角度反映某些动态现实。因而，在英汉两 种语言对译中，就存在一个汉语动态句与英语静 态句如何转换、使译文符合习惯的问题。
I hope I can drive the tractor like you do.（连词）
I don‟t like smoking.（动词）
1）词义的选择
借助语境（本义与语境义contextual）
注意搭配（本义与搭配义collocational） 跳出字面（本义与引申义extended）
区分感情色彩（贬义与褒义affectional）
E-C： Revising
The American people believe that the government should provide the framework for law and order. 初译：美国人民相信政府应当规定法律和秩序的框架。
改译：美国人民认为，政府应当规定法律秩序的相关准 则。
本义与语境义: work
He is working a machine. He is working at English. The ship is working eastward. The gears work smoothly. My watch doesn‟t work. The screw worked loose. The yeast has begun to work. Electronic computers work quickly and accurate. 他正在开机器。 他正在学英语。 船正向东行驶。 齿轮转动灵活。 我的表不走了。 螺丝松了。 酵母已开始发酵。 电子计算机计算得 又快又准。
Practice
一个人如果依赖的是身外之物，是金钱，是权利、名誉 之类的东西，那他就不会感到安全，永远也不会。只 有做到自制，知足的人，才会真正感到安全。 No one who is dependent on anything outside himself, upon money, power, fame or whatever, is or ever can be secure. Only he who possesses himself and is content with himself is actually secure.
英汉翻译技巧
词的翻译 句的翻译
菜名翻译
口水鸡 回锅肉 素鸭 红烧狮子头 干锅鱼头 麻婆豆腐 蚂蚁上树 夫妻肺片 slobbering chicken twice-cooked pork vegetarian duck red burned lion head fuck a fish head beancurd made by a pockmarked woman ants climbing tree lung pieces of a couple
本义与搭配义: broken
a broken man a broken soldier a broken promise a broken spirit broken money broken English
一个绝望的人 一个残废军人 背弃的诺言 消沉的意志 零钱 蹩脚的英语
英汉语言中词的搭配不尽相同，若在翻译中遇到一 个词同时有多个搭配项，要分别选用不同的表达 来进行翻译。
Practise
Ford‟s basic wage of $5 a day caused not only a wage explosion in the city; it also caused a population explosion.
福特公司给工人每天5美元的基本工资，不仅导致 了该城的工资猛涨，还引起了人口激增。
本义与引申义：metonomy
There is also an allowance for funeral, for the State boasts that it looks after people “from cradle to grave”! 有人过世会发丧葬费，这是因为政府夸耀说，人们 “从生到死”都能得到照顾。 What is learned in the cradle is carried to the grave. 幼时所学，终生难忘。
翻译
They have the right to be secure in one‟s own home against unreasonable searches and seizure of person or property.
译：他们有在自己家里享有安全、人身不受无理搜 查逮捕、财产不受无理查处没收的权利。
Practice
Let‟s give a big hand to Sally for singing so beautifully tonight. 让我们为赛莉今晚如此美妙的演唱热烈鼓掌。 The United Stated began life as an independent country in 1776. 1776年，美国正式成为一个独立的国家。