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2016年广东省广州市广雅中学中考化学一模试卷

2016年广东省广州市广雅中学中考化学一模试卷

2016年广东省广州市广雅中学中考化学一模试卷一、选择题(本题包括20小题,每小题2分,共40分)1.(2分)生活与化学有着密切的关系.下列叙述中只发生物理变化的是()A.用熟石灰改良酸性土壤B.用食醋除去水壶中的水垢C.用活性炭除去冰箱中的异味D.用含碳酸氢钠的药物治疗胃酸过多2.(2分)实验室经常会用到不同的仪器,其材料可分为不同物质类别,以下分类不正确的是()A.制造药匙的不锈钢属于混合物B.制造蒸发皿的陶瓷主要成分是硅酸鈣(CaSiO3),硅酸钙属于盐C.制造棕色试剂瓶的玻璃,其主要成分为二氧化硅,玻璃属于化合物D.火柴头覆盖的红色物质为红磷,红磷属于单质3.(2分)某阳离子M n+的核外电子共有x个电子,核内有y个中子,则M的相对原子质量约为()A.x+y B.x+y+n C.x﹣n+y D.x+n﹣y4.(2分)高中化学把化学反应分为两类,一类是有元素的化合价升降的化学反应是氧化还原反应;另一类是反应前后元素化合价都没有改变的是非氧化还原反应.下列化学反应属于非氧化还原反应的是()A.2KMnO4K2MnO4+MnO2+O2↑B.2Na+Cl2═2NaClC.Zn+H2SO4═ZnSO4+H2↑D.CaCO3+2HCl═CaCl2+CO2↑+H2O5.(2分)非诺洛芬是一种治疗类风湿关节炎的药物,化学式为C15H14O3,以下不正确的是()A.该药物由三种元素组成B.一个非诺洛芬分子有32个原子C.该药物相对分子质量为242D.碳氢氧三种元素质量比为15:14:36.(2分)世界上最薄的材料一一碳膜片,其厚度只有一根头发的二十万分之一,如图所示它是碳原子构成的六边形单元向外延伸而成,下列正确的是()A.碳膜片与C60是同一种物质B.碳膜片属于人工合成的有机高分子材料C.碳膜片属于单质D.碳膜片在氧气中完全燃烧的产物和碳在氧气中完全燃烧的产物不同7.(2分)食品保鲜的措施有:添加防腐剂、充填保护气体、防止干燥剂和脱氧保鲜剂等,一次,小明在食用月饼时,撕开了用于保鲜的小纸袋,发现其中盛放着一种灰黑色粉末,几天后看到粉末变得有些发红,原保鲜剂可能是()A.还原性铁粉B.铝粉C.木炭粉D.氧化铜粉末8.(2分)人类最早使用的合金是由铜、锡形成的青铜,我国的锡储量占世界第一,明代的《天工开物》记载的炼锡方法基本就是现代的碳还原法,该方程式是SnO2+2C Sn+2CO↑.该反应类型属于()A.化合反应B.分解反应C.复分解反应D.置换反应9.(2分)20℃时,将等质量的a、b两种固体,分别加入到盛有l00g水的烧杯中,充分搅拌后现象如图甲,升温到50℃时,现象如图乙,a、b两种固体的溶解度曲线如图丙。

广东省广州市白云区部分学校中考数学一模试卷

广东省广州市白云区部分学校中考数学一模试卷


12.(3 分)等腰三角形的腰长是 6,则底边长 a 的取值范围是

13.(3 分)若反比例函数的图象经过点 A(3,﹣2),则它的表达式是

14.(3 分)已知△ABC∽△DEF,顶点 D、E、F 分别对应顶点 A、B、C,且 S
△ABC:S△DEF=9:49,则 AB:DE=

15.(3 分)已知函数 y=x2﹣4x+3,则函数值 y 随 x 的增大而减小的 x 的取值范
A.a2+2a+1
B.a2+2a+4
C.a2﹣2b+b2
D.a2+ab+b2
7.(3 分)如图,△OAB 绕点 O 顺时针旋转 85°到△OCD,已知∠A=110°,
若∠D=40°,则∠α 的度数是( )
A.30°
B.45°
C.55°
D.60°
8.(3 分)已知一次函数 y=kx+b 的函数值 y 随 x 的增大而增大,且其图象与 y
围是

16.(3 分)如图,矩形 ABCD 中,DE⊥AC 于点 E,∠EDC:∠EDA=1:3,且
AC=12,则 DE 的长度是
(结果用根号表示).
三、解答题(本大题共 9 小题,满分 102 分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程 或演算步骤)
17.(10 分)解方程组:

18.(10 分)已知,如图,▱ABCD 中,AE 平分∠BAD,交 BC 于点 E,CF 平 分∠DCB,交 AD 于点 F.求证:△ABE≌△CDF.
第3页(共5页)
相应的字母,可不写作法); (2)连结 DE,求证:DE 为⊙O 的切线; (3)若 AD=4,BD= ,求 DE 的长.

广州白云区中考一模语文试卷及答案

广州白云区中考一模语文试卷及答案

2008年白云区初中毕业班综合测试(一)语文试题本试卷共14页,其中试卷8页,答卷4页,试卷分三部分,共22小题,满分150分。

考试用时l20分钟。

注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必在答题卡上用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔填写自己的考生号、姓名,再用28铅笔将考生相应的标号涂黑。

同时填写考场试室号、座位号。

2.所有答案必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔写在答题卷各题目指定区域内的相应位置上;如需改动.先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案,改动后的答案也不能超出指定的区域;不准使用铅笔、圆珠笔和涂改液。

不按以上要求作答的答案无效。

3.考生必须保持答题卷的整洁,不能折叠。

考试结束后,只需将答题卷上交,试题卷自己保存。

第一部分积累与运用(共35分)一、(6小题.20分)1.积累整理是语文学习的重要一环,下面是一个同学整理的作业,请你指出其中有错误...的2.下列词语没有错别字的一项是【】(3分)A.辍学怠慢鬼计多端走投无路B.证卷蜕化相提并论按部就班C.游弋蛰伏变本加利迫不及待D.陷阱挑衅弄巧成拙鞠躬尽瘁3.下列各句中加点的词语使用不恰当的一句是【】(3分)A.新年第一周股市势如破竹....地下跌,使得不少股民对“月有阴晴圆缺,人有悲欢离合”有了新的认识。

B.伊拉克大选之后,美国一再宣布要将权力移交给伊拉克新政府,其实,司马昭之心.....——路人皆知....,它最终是想借助一个傀儡政权来控制伊拉克丰富的石油资源。

C.2008年北京奥运会火炬接力在境外城市的传递有很多亮点,国内传递路线同样精彩..纷呈..。

D.他就是这么样的一个人:有事情要他帮忙,他总是找借口推托..;有责任要他负责,他总是找理由推脱。

4.对下列病句修改错误的一项是【】(3分)A.今年春节期间,我国南方大部分地区和西北地区东部出现建国以来罕见的持续大范围低温、雨雪和冰冻。

修改:在“冰冻”后加上“天气”。

B.日本警方从退货、封存的中国天洋食品厂生产的39袋饺子外包装上,探测到甲氨磷成分。

广东省广州市白云区2015-2016学年第一学期期末教学质量检测九年级语文试卷及答案

广东省广州市白云区2015-2016学年第一学期期末教学质量检测九年级语文试卷及答案

广州市白云区2015-2016学年第一学期期末教学质量检测九年级语文试卷本试卷共8页,分三部分,共22小题,全卷满分150分。

考试用时120分钟。

注意事项:1.答题前,考生务必在答题卡上用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写自己的学校、班级、姓名、试室、座位号、考生号,再用2B铅笔把对应号码的标号涂黑。

2.选择题每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动,用橡皮擦掉原来的答案后,再填涂其他答案。

答案不能写在试卷上。

3.所有答案必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案,改动后的答案也不能超出指定的区域;不准使用铅笔、圆珠笔和涂改液。

不按以上要求作答的答案无效。

4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁,考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分积累与运用(共34分)一、(6小题,19分)1.下列词语中,加点字的读音全都正确的一组是()(3分)A.恪.尽职守gè烙.印lào 悲鸣哀号.háo 号.角hàoB.趋之若鹜.wù旁骛.wù气吞斗.牛dǒu 奋斗.dòuC.恬.不知耻tián 聒.噪guō左右对称.chèng 称.霸chēngD.怒不可遏. xiè歇.息xiē鲜.为人知xiǎn 新鲜.xiān2.下列词语中,没有..错别字的一组是()(3分)A.闪烁不定一抔黄土重蹈覆辙无与伦比B.锐不可当张皇失措微不足到豁然贯通C.惟妙惟肖一代天骄格物致知抑扬顿错D.颔首低眉相形见绌再接再历断章取义3.下列句子中,加点的成语使用恰当的一项是()(3分)A.广州市通过搭建德育实践平台,默默无闻....地培养众多未成年人的品德和情操。

B.综艺节目《中国好声音》热播以来,市民对该节目的热衷程度可谓迫在眉睫....。

C.向书本学习,向老师学习,向同学学习,我们要的就是这种诲人不倦....的精神。

广东省广州市白云区九年级下学期第一次模拟考试数学考试卷(初三)中考模拟.doc

广东省广州市白云区九年级下学期第一次模拟考试数学考试卷(初三)中考模拟.doc

广东省广州市白云区九年级下学期第一次模拟考试数学考试卷(初三)中考模拟姓名:_____________ 年级:____________ 学号:______________题型选择题填空题简答题xx题xx 题xx题总分得分一、xx题(每空xx 分,共xx分)l【答案】C【解析】根据单项式次数的定义,易得C.【题文】已知一组数据:5,7,4,8,6,7,2,则它的众数及中位数分别为()A. 7,8B. 7,6C. 6,7D. 7,4【答案】B【解析】排序为2,4,5, 6,7,7,8,根据众数及中位数的定义,易得B.【题文】用直接开平方法解下列一元二次方程,其中无解的方程为()A. -1=0B. =0C. +4=0D. -+3=0【答案】C【解析】+4=0无解,故选C.【题文】平面内三条直线、、,若⊥,⊥,则直线、的位置关系是()A. 垂直B. 平行C. 相交D. 以上都不对【答案】B【解析】共面内,垂直于同一条直线的两条直线也平行.故选B.【题文】某同学参加数学、物理、化学三科竞赛平均成绩是93分,其中数学97分,化学89分,那么物理成绩是()A. 91分B. 92分C. 93分D. 94分【答案】C【解析】 ,故选C.【题文】如图,直线AB⊥CD,垂足为点O,直线EF经过点O,若∠1=26°,则∠2的度数是()A. 26° B. 64° C. 54° D. 以上答案都不对评卷人得分【答案】B【解析】故选B【题文】在反比例函数=的图象上有两点A(,),B(,),当<0<时,有<,则的取值范围是()A. >0B. <0C. >D. <【答案】D【解析】由题意得:双曲线在第一、三象限则【题文】如图,两条宽度都是1的纸条,交叉重叠放在一起,且夹角为α,则重叠部分的面积为()A. B. C. tanα D. 1【答案】A【解析】由题意得:四边形是菱形.故选A.【题文】如图,点D、E分别是△ABC的边AC、BC上的点,AD=DE,AB=BE,∠A=80°,则∠BED=____°.【答案】80【解析】由边边边定理可得【题文】△ABC中,∠A、∠B都是锐角,且sinA=cosB=,则△ABC是三角形.【答案】直角【解析】由题意得:易得是直角三角形.【题文】若=,则=____.【答案】6【解析】【题文】已知,如图,△ABC中,∠A+∠B=90°,AD=DB,CD=4,则AB=____.【答案】8【解析】【题文】化简:=____.【答案】++2【解析】=【题文】如图5,点C、D在线段AB上,且CD是等腰直角△PCD的底边.当△PDB∽△ACP时(P与A、B与P分别为对应顶点),∠APB=____°.【答案】135【解析】【题文】解方程组:【答案】原方程组的解为【解析】(本小题满分9分)解法一(加减消元法):①-②,得(+)-(-)=-5-7,…………………………3分即=-12,…………………………………………………………………4分解得=-2,……………………………………………………………………5分把=-2代入②,………………………………………………………………6分-4×(-2)=7,…………………………………………………………7分得=-1,………………………………………………………………………8分∴原方程组的解为.……………………………………………………9分[若用②-①、①×2+②等,均参照给分]解法二(代入消元法):由①得,=--5③,……………………………………………3分把③式代入②式,…………………………………………………………………4分得(--5)-=7,……………………………………………………5分解得=-2,……………………………………………………………………6分把=-2代入③式,……………………………………………………………7分=-2×(-2)-5=-1,………………………………………………8分∴原方程组的解为.……………………………………………………9分[由②式变形代入,均参照给分]【题文】如图,AC是菱形ABCD的对角线,点E.F分别在AB、AD上,且AE=AF.求证:△ACE≌△ACF.【答案】证明:∵AC是菱形ABCD的对角线,∴∠FAC=∠EAC,∵AC=AC,AE=AF,∴△ACE≌△ACF.【解析】∵四边形ABCD为菱形∴∠BAC=∠DAC又∵AE=AF,AC=AC∴△ACE≌△ACF(SAS)根据菱形对角线的性质,可知一条对角线平分一组对角,即∠FAC=∠EAC,再根据边角边即可证明△ACE≌△ACF.【题文】在一个纸盒里装有四张除数字以外完全相同卡片,四张卡片上的数字分别为1,2,3,4.先从纸盒里随机取出一张,记下数字为,再从剩下的三张中随机取出一张,记下数字为,这样确定了点P的坐标(,).(1)请你运用画树状图或列表的方法,写出点P所有可能的坐标;(2)求点P(,)在函数=-+4图象上的概率.【答案】(1)树状图或列表见解析,点P所有可能的坐标有:(1,2),(1,3),(1,4),(2,1),(2,3),(2,4),(3,1),(3,2),(3,4),(4,1),(4,2),(4,3)共12种;(2)P(点在图象上)=【解析】(本小题满分10分)解:(1)树状图如下:点P所有可能的坐标有:(1,2),(1,3),(1,4),(2,1),(2,3),(2,4),(3,1),(3,2),(3,4),(4,1),(4,2),(4,3)共12种;……………………7分列表如下:(1,2)(1,3)(1,4)(2,1)(2,3)(2,4)(3,1)(3,2)(3,4)(4,1)(4,2)(4,3)(注:树形图或列表二者取其一)(2)∵共有12种等可能的结果,其中在函数=-+4图象上的点有2个(2种),………………………1分即(1,3),(3,1),∴点P(,)在函数=-+4图象上的概率为:P(点在图象上)==.…………………………………………………3分【题文】如图,一条直线分别交轴、轴于A、B两点,交反比例函数=(≠0)位于第二象限的一支于C点,OA=OB=2.(1)=;(2)求直线所对应的一次函数的解析式;(3)根据(1)所填的值,直接写出分解因式++7的结果.【答案】(1)-8;(2)一次函数的解析为=-+2;(3)(-1)(-7)【解析】(本小题满分10分)解:(1)-8;…………………………………………………………………2分(2)∵OA=OB=2,∴A、B点的坐标分别为A(2,0)、B(0,2).……………………………………………2分设直线所对应的一次函数的解析为=+,……………………………3分分别把A、B的坐标代入其中,得,……………………………………………………………………4分解得,…………………………………………………………………5分∴一次函数的解析为=-+2;(3)由(1)=-8,则++7=-+7=(-1)(-7).……………………………………3分【题文】如图,△ABC中,D为BC边上的点,∠CAD=∠CDA,E为AB边的中点.(1)尺规作图:作∠C的平分线CF,交AD于点F(保留作图痕迹,不写作法);(2)连结EF,EF与BC是什么位置关系?为什么?(3)若四边形BDFE的面积为9,求△ABD的面积.【答案】(1)作图见解析;(2)EF∥BC,原因见解析;(3)△ABD的面积为12【解析】(本小题满分12分)解:(1)尺规作图略;…………………………………………………………3分(2)EF∥BC(即EF平行于BC).……………………………………1分原因如下:如图1,∵∠CAD=∠CDA,∴AC=DC(等角对等边),即△CAD为等腰三角形;…………………2分又CF是顶角∠ACD的平分线,由“三线合一”定理,知CF是底边AD的中线,即F为AD的中点,……………………………3分结合E是AB的中点,得EF为△ABD的中位线,………………………4分∴EF∥BD,从而EF∥BC;……………………………………………5分(3)由(2)知EF∥BC,∴△AEF∽△ABD,…………………1分∴,……………………………………………………………2分又∵AE=AB,∴得,把S四边形BDFE=9代入其中,解得S△AEF=3,………………………………………………………………………3分∴S△ABD=S△AEF+S四边形BDFE=3+9=12,……………………………4分即△ABD的面积为12.【题文】我国实施的“一带一路”战略方针,惠及沿途各国.中欧班列也已融入其中.从我国重庆开往德国的杜伊斯堡班列,全程约11025千米.同样的货物,若用轮船运输,水路路程是铁路路程的1.6倍,水路所用天数是铁路所用天数的3倍,列车平均日速(平均每日行驶的千米数)是轮船平均日速的2倍少49千米.分别求出列车及轮船的平均日速.【答案】列车的速度为735千米/日;轮船的速度为393千米/日.【解析】(本小题满分12分)解:设轮船的日速为千米/日,…………………………………………………1分由题意,得×3=,…………………………………………7分解此分式方程,得=392,……………………………………………………9分经检验,=392是原分式方程的解,………………………………………10分-49=735.……………………………………………………………11分答:列车的速度为735千米/日;轮船l解:(1)30;……………………………………………………………………1分(2)连结OD、AD(如图2).∵OA⊥OC,∴∠AOC=90°.∵=2,设所对的圆心角∠COD=,………………………………………………1分则∠AOD=,…………………………………………………………………2分由∠AOD+∠DOC=90°,得+=90°,∴=30°,=60°,…………………………3分即∠AOD=60°,又∵OA=OD,∴△AOD为等边三角形,…………4分∴AD=OA=4;…………………………………………………………………5分(3)过点D作DE⊥OC,交⊙O于点E,……………………………………1分连结AE,交OC于点P(如图3),………………………………………………2分则此时,AP+PD的值最小.∵根据圆的对称性,点E是点D关于OC的对称点,OC是DE的垂直平分线,即PD=PE.………………………………………3分∴AP+PD=AP+PE=AE,若在OC上另取一点F,连结AF、FD及EF,在△AFE中,AF+FE>AE,即AF+FE>AP+PD,∴可知AP+PD最小.…………………………………………………………4分∵∠AED=∠AOD=30°,又∵OA⊥OC,DE⊥OC,∴OA∥DE,∴∠OAE=∠AED=30°.延长AO交⊙O于点B,连结BE,∵AB为直径,∴△ABE为直角三角形.由=cos∠BAE,……………………………5分得AE=AB·cos30°=2×4×=,……………………………6分即AP+PD=,[也可利用勾股定理求得AE]【题文】二次函数=++的顶点M是直线=-和直线=+的交点.(1)若直线=+过点D(0,-3),求M点的坐标及二次函数=++的解析式;(2)试证明无论取任何值,二次函数=++的图象与直线=+总有两个不同的交点;(3)在(1)的条件下,若二次函数=++的图象与轴交于点C,与的右交点为A,试在直线=-上求异于M的点P,使P在△CMA的外接圆上.【答案】(1)M点坐标为M(2,-1),二次函数=++的解析式为:=-4+3;(2)证明见解析;(3)P(-,)【解析】(本小题满分14分)解:(1)把D(0,-3)坐标代入直线=+中,得=-3,从而得直线=-3.……………………………………………1分由M为直线=-与直线=-3的交点,得,………………………………………………………………………2分解得,∴得M点坐标为M(2,-1).…………………………………3分∵M为二次函数=++的顶点,∴其对称轴为=2,由对称轴公式:=-,得-=2,∴=-4;由=-1,得=-1,得=3.∴二次函数=++的解析式为:=-4+3;………………4分[也可用顶点式求得解析式:由M(2,-1),得=-1,展开得=-4+3](2)∵M是直线=-和=+{{l该一元二次方程根的判别式⊿=(-1)2-4(-)=(-1)2-4(+-)=1>0,…………………………5分∴二次函数=++的图象与直线=+总有两个不同的交点;(3)解法①:由(1)知,二次函数的解析式为:=-4+3,当=0时,=3.∴点C的坐标为C(0,3).……………………………1分令=0,即-4+3=0,解得=1,=3,∴点A的坐标为A(3,0).………………………………………………………2分由勾股定理,得AC=3.∵M点的坐标为M(2,-1),过M点作轴的垂线,垂足的坐标应为(2,0),由勾股定理,得AM=;过M点作轴的垂线,垂足的坐标应为(0,-1),由勾股定理,得CM===2.∵AC2+AM2=20=CM2,∴△CMA是直角三角形,……………………3分CM为斜边,∠CAM=90°.直线=-与△CMA的外接圆的一个交点为M,另一个交点为P,则∠CPM=90°.即△CPM为Rt△.………………………………………4分设P点的横坐标为,则P(,-).过点P作轴垂线,过点M作轴垂线,两条垂线交于点E(如图4),则E(,-1).过P作PF⊥轴于点F,则F(0,-).在Rt△PEM中,PM2=PE2+EM2=(-+1)2+(2-)2=-5+5.在Rt△PCF中,PC2=PF2+CF2=+(3+)2=+3+9.在Rt△PCM中,PC2+PM2=CM2,得+3+9+-5+5=20,化简整理得5-4-12=0,解得=2,=-.当=2时,=-1,即为M点的横、纵坐标.∴P点的横坐标为-,纵坐标为.∴P(-,).……………………………………………………………………5分解法②[运用现行高中基本知识(解析几何):线段中点公式及两点间距离公式]:设线段CM的中点(即△CMA内接圆的圆心)为H,则由线段中点公式,可求出H的坐标为H(1,1).∵点P在⊙H上,∴点P到圆心H的距离等于半径.设点P的坐标为:P(,-),由两点间的距离公式,得PH的长度为:,从而有:=,即=5,化简,整理,得化简整理得5-4-12=0,解得=2,=-.当=2时,=-1,即为M点的横、纵坐标.∴P点的横坐标为-,纵坐标为.∴P(-,).【题文】已知,如图,△ABC的三条边BC=,CA=,AB=,D为△ABC内一点,且∠ADB=∠BDC=∠CDA=120°,DA=,DB=,DC=.(1)若∠CDB=18°,则∠BCD=l【解析】(本小题满分14分)解:(1)42;……………………………………………………………………1分(2)画图如下(如图5).………………………………………………………3分∵∠DA=90°,∠CAD=20°,∴∠CA=∠DA-∠CAD=90°-20°=70°;…………5分(3)画图如下:将△BDC绕点B按逆时针方向旋转60°…………………2分到△BEF的位置(如图6).连结DE,CF,这样可知△BDE和△BCF均为等边三角形,从而DE=,CF=.∵∠ADB=120°,∠BDE=60°,即∠ADE=180°,则A、D、E三点共线(即该三点在同一条直线上).……………………………3分同理,∵∠BEF=∠BDC=120°,∠BED=60°,即∠DEF=180°,则D、E、F三点共线,∴A、D、E、F四点均在一条直线上.…………………………………………4分∵EF=DC=,∴线段AF=++.以线段AF为边在点B一侧作等边△AFG(图6),……………………………5分则△AFG即为符合条件的等边三角形,其中的点B即为点M.…………………6分正三角形的边长为++已证,BA=,BF=BC=,下面再证BG=.∵∠CFB=∠AFG=60°,即∠1+∠EFB=∠2+∠EFB=60°,∴∠1=∠2.在△AFC和△GFB中,∵FA=FG,∠1=∠2,FC=FB,∴△AFC≌△GFB(SAS),∴AC=GB,即BG=CA=.从而点B(M)到等边△AFG三个顶点的距离分别为、、,且其边长为++.………………………………………………………………8分[注:把△ADB绕点A按逆时针方向旋转60°,把△CDA绕点C按逆时针方向旋转60°,把△ADC绕点A按顺时针方向旋转60°,把△BCD绕点C按顺时针方向旋转60°等均可证得,方法类似]。

2016广州市广雅初三一模

2016广州市广雅初三一模

2.下列运算正确的是( A. x 2 x 3 x 6
) B. x 4 x x 3 C. x y x y D. 2 x 2 x 6 x )
3.由 4 个相同的小立方体搭成的几何体如图所示,则它的左视图是(
A.
B.
C. )
D.
4.若代数式 x 1 有意义,则实数 x 的取值范围是( A. x 1 B. x 1
第二部分
非选择题(共 120 分)
二、填空题(本大题共 6 小题,每小题 3 分,满分 18 分) 11.分解因式: 3x2 6 xy 3 y 2 _____________. 12.已知正比例函数 y kx ( k 0 )的图像上有 A ( x1 , y1 ) 、 B ( x2 , y2 ) 两点,若 x1 x2 0 ,则 y1 、 y2 的 大小关系是______________. 13.实数 a 在数轴上对应的点的位置如图所示,化简 a 3 的结果是_____________.
,这次体育测验成绩的众数和 7.有 5 名同学进行体育测验,成绩分别是 70 , 80 , 85 , 75 , 85 (单位:分) 中位数分别是( A. 79 分, 85 分 ) B. 80 分, 79 分 C. 85 分, 80 分 D. 85 分, 85 分 )
8.如图, AB 是 O 的直径,弦 CD AB ,垂足为 E ,如果 AE 4 , CD 20 ,那么 O 的半径长为( A.
27 2
B. 14
29 2 D. 15
C.
9.下列命题是假命题的是( A.两点之间,线段最短 B.三角形的外角和是 360

C.矩形的对角线互相平分且垂直 D.对顶角相等 10.如图,二次函数 y ax2 bx c a 0 的图像如图,给出下列四个结论:① b2 4ac 0 ;② 4a c 2b ; ③ m am b b a m 1 ;④ 2a b 0 .其中正确结论的个数是( A. 4 B. 3 C. 2 D. 1 )

2016年广州市白云区中考一模试题

一、基础与积累(24分)1.根据课文默写古诗文。

(每空1分,共10分)(1)采菊东篱下,悠然见南山。

,。

(陶渊明《饮酒(其五)》)(2),。

羌管悠悠霜满地。

人不寐,将军白发征夫泪。

(范仲淹《渔家傲·秋思》)(3)可以调素琴,阅金经。

,。

(刘禹锡《陋室铭》)(4)默写古诗(李白《闻王昌龄左迁龙标遥有此寄》),。

,。

2.根据下面的拼音写出正确的词语(4分)3.下面句子有语病的一项是()(3分)A.羊年春节,铺天盖地的各类网络红包,让人们感受到了浓浓的年味。

B.学校宣布将开展食品安全常识教育活动,用以增强学生的自我保护意识。

C.在里氏8.1级的强震中,尼泊尔许多以砖木结构为主的古建筑出现了受损和坍塌。

F.熟练规范地书写汉字,是《语文课程标准》对学生汉字书写的基本要求。

4.下列各句中加点词语使用正确的一项是()(3分)A.海燕叫喊着,飞翔着,像黑色的闪电,箭一般地穿过乌云,翅膀溅起..波浪的飞沫。

B.他不想让颠沛在外的同乡承受..阴影,于是,他信口说,走错了人家。

C.社会在飞速发展,为生活忙碌奔波的芸芸众生....应停下脚步等等自己的灵魂。

D.今年“五·一”国际劳动节那天,前来乐山大佛观光的中外游客鳞次栉比....。

5.某中学某班在《金钱,共同面对的话题》综合性活动中,对金钱的作用讨论非常之热烈,下面是讨论后所写的金钱的作用和局限的句子,请仿照画线句子的特点再续写两个分句。

(4 分)金钱确实可以买到许多东西,但它不是万能的。

如金钱可以买房屋,但不能买家庭;能买药物,但不能买健康;能,但;能,但。

二、阅读理解:(46分)(一)阅读左传《曹刿论战》完成6-8题(10分)十年春,齐师伐我。

公将战,曹刿请见。

其乡人曰:“肉食者谋之,又何间焉?”刿曰: “肉食者鄙,未能远谋。

”乃入见。

问:“何以战?”公曰:“衣食所安,弗敢专也,必以分人。

”对曰:“小惠未,民弗从也。

”公曰:“牺牲玉帛,弗敢加也,必以信。

2016年广东省广州市白云区中考英语一模试卷

2016年广东省广州市白云区中考英语一模试卷学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________I、完形填空(本大题共25小题,共30.0分)Nowadays many people enjoy ( 1 ) things,especially young people.In the school,waste can ( 2 ) everywhere.Some students ask for ( 3 ) food than they can eat and others often forget to turn off the lights ( 4 ) they leave the classroom.Waste can bring a lot of problems.Someone ( 5 ) China is rich in some resources,such as coal,oil,trees and so on.They even say" ( 6 ) rich our country is!"But actually,we ( 7 ) no coal or oil to use in 100years if we go on wasting.We really feel ( 8 ) about what we can use in the future.I don't know ( 9 ) we can go on living without these resources.Think about it ( 10 ) .I think we should say"no"to the students ( 11 ) waste things every day.And we should help do something good to the environment.In our daily life,we can do things ( 12 ) waste from happening,for example,we should turn off taps after using it.Don't throw the used paper ( 13 ) we can recycle it.Let's start out small from now on.Little ( 14 ) little,everything will be changed.Waste can be stopped one day if we do ( 15 ) best.The nature will be more harmonious and our country will become more and more beautiful.1.A.waste B.wasting C.to waste D.to wasting2.A.be seeing B.are seen C.see D.be seen3.A.more B.many C.much D.most4.A.after B.before C.since D.whether5.A.say B.be said C.says D.is saying6.A.How B.How a C.What D.What a7.A.have B.has C.had D.will have8.A.worry B.worries C.worried D.worriedly9.A.what B.when C.that D.how10.A.care B.carefulness C.carefully D.careful11.A.who B.what C.where D.which12.A.stop B.to stop C.stopping D.stopped13.A.because B.although C.Until D.if14.A.in B.on C.by D.with15.A.we C.our D.ours.【答案】【小题1】B 【小题2】D 【小题3】A 【小题4】B 【小题5】C【小题6】A 【小题7】D 【小题8】C 【小题9】D 【小题10】C【小题11】A 【小题12】B 【小题13】A 【小题14】C 【小题15】C【解析】1.B 考查固定搭配.enjoy doing sth表示喜欢做某事,所以此题要填waste的动名词形式.2.D 考查语态.waste和see间是动宾关系,当waste作主语时要用被动语态,即be+及物动词的过去分词,此题中用在情态动词can后,要用be动词的原形加上see的过去分词seen.3.A 考查词形.由than可知此题要用比较级,A是比较级;B和C都是原级;D是最高级.4.B 考查连词.A表示在…后;B表示在…前;C表示自从;D表示是否.结合语境可知是他们在离开教室前忘记关灯,选B.5.C 考查人称.当不定代词作主语时,要视为第三人称单数,此题中的someone要视为第三人称单数,且someone和say是主谓关系,用主动语态,所以要用say的三单形式,选C.6.A 考查感叹句.当修饰形容词时,感叹句要用how来引导,此题中是修饰形容词rich,所以用how即可.7.D 考查时态.由in 100years和if引导的条件状语从句可知,此处是作主句的谓语,从句we go on wasting用的一般现在时,主句要用一般将来时,选D.A和B用于一般现在时,C用于一般过去时.8.C 考查固定搭配.be/feel worried about表示担心,所以此题选C.9.D 考查宾语从句.A表示什么;B表示什么时候;C表示那;D表示如何.分析句子可知空格处引导的宾语从句作know的宾语,且从句中不缺主语,宾语或表语,不能A;结合语境可知此处意思为如果没有这些资源我们要如何生存,选D.10.C 考查词性.A和B是名词;C是副词;D是形容词.此题是修饰动词短语think about,所以要用副词来修饰,选C.11.A 考查定语从句.此句的先行词students指人,且在从句中作主语,所以要用who 来引导;B不用于定语从句;C在定语从句中作状语;D可以作主语,但主要用于修饰事物,不用于修饰人,选A.12.B 考查词形.分析句子可知此题中已经有谓语动词do了,在没有连词的情况下再出现动词要用非谓语动词形式.此题中stop waste是do things是目的,所以用不定式to do sth来作目的状语,选B.13.A 考查连词.A表示因为;B表示虽然;C表示直到;D表示如果.结合语境可知我们可以重复利用纸是不要把纸扔了的原因,选A.14.C 考查固定搭配.little by little表示渐渐的,一点一点的,选C,其它介词无此搭配.15.C 考查固定搭配.do one's best表示尽某人最大的努力,所以要用形容词性物主代词our.文章大意:本文介绍了现在的人的浪费现象,他们觉得中国的资源是很丰富的,所以肆无忌惮的使用而不节约.本文呼吁我们要停止浪费,节约资源,保护环境.解答完形填空题需要快速阅读全文,了解文章大意,再带着选项去读,边读边做,注意联系上下文.When I was 14 years old,I made some friends in school but they turned out to be bad.They were someboys who stole ( 16 ) and sold them.Whenever we were stealing a bike,a boy named John would break the lock while two other boys were watching out.Then one of us would ( 17 ) the bike to a cave.The next day,we would meet there and repaint the bike.When we stole four or five bikes,we would sell them for a few hundred dollars.One ( 18 ) afternoon,we went to an apartment in Bukit Batok.We found a bike on the fifth floor and started to work on the ( 19 ) .It was hard to break.We spent 10 minutes ( 20 )it.We were about to escape with the bike when the owner of the bike came out of the elevator."My bike!"he shouted We ran away ( 21 ) ,but two policemen nearby caught us.Our parents were ( 22 ) and our teachers were told what had happened.The police took down what we had done.The next day,a bright Sunday,I was sent o the Boys'Home.Life in the Boys'Home was very hard but it ( 23 ) me a very important lesson.I learnt that stealing was not right.At the Boys'Home,the officers helped me and encouraged me to change my ways.I decided to ( 24 ) stealing.To this day,I feel so ( 25 ) for what I have done.I hope you will learn something from my story.16.A.bikes B.books C.suitcases D.backpacks17.A.make B.pull C.fill D.take18.A.Tuesday B.Friday C.Saturday D.Sunday19.A.floor B.lock C.elevator D.bike20.A.breaking B.to break C.break D.broken21.A.sadly B.happily C.easily D.quickly22.A.happy B.busy C.sad D.excited23.A.offered B.taught C.told D.passed24.A.pick up B.put up C.look up D.give up25.A.bored B.sorry C.confident D.lucky.【答案】【小题1】A 【小题2】D 【小题3】C 【小题4】B 【小题5】A【小题6】D 【小题7】C 【小题8】B 【小题9】D 【小题10】B【解析】16.A 考查名词辨析.A表示自行车;B表示书;C表示行李箱;D表示双肩包.由Whenever we were stealing a bike可知是这些男孩偷自行车,选A.17.D 考查动词辨析.A表示使;B表示拉;C表示填充;D表示带走.结合语境可知此处表示把自行车带到一个洞穴里藏起来,选D.18.C 考查名词辨析.A表示星期二;B表示星期五;C表示星期六;D表示星期天.由下文的The next day,a bright Sunday所得到的提示可知,那天是星期六,因为第二天是星期天,选C.19.B 考查名词辨析.A表示地板;B表示锁;C表示电梯;D表示自行车.由a boy named John would break the lock和It was hard to break可知是努力开锁,选B.20.A 考查固定搭配.spend time doing sth表示花时间做某事,所以此题要用break的动名词形式,选A.21.D 考查副词辨析.A表示伤心地;B表示开心地;C表示容易地;D表示快速地.由ran away可知是快速地逃跑,选D.22.C 考查形容词辨析.A表示开心的;B表示忙的;C表示伤心的;D表示激动的.由我们被警察抓了和我们偷盗的行为可知,父母一定是伤心的,选C.23.B 考查动词辨析.A表示提供;B表示教;C表示告诉;D表示通过.结合语境可知,此事是教会了我一个重要的道理,选B.24.D 考查短语辨析.A表示捡起;B表示张贴;C表示查阅;D表示放弃.由上下文可知,作者是放弃了偷盗行为,不再偷自行车了,选D.25.B 考查形容词辨析.A表示无聊的;B表示抱歉的,后悔的;C表示自信的;D表示幸运的.由I hope you will learn something from my story可知他是对以前自己的行为感到后悔的,选B.文章大意:这是一篇记叙文.讲述了作者小时候交友不慎所做的错事.他经常与朋友们一起偷自行车,在一次偷自行车时被警察抓获并送进男子管教所,虽然在管教所里的日子艰难,但他学到了教训--偷盗是不对的.作者想通过自己的故事告诉我们要吸取教训.解答完形填空题需要快速阅读全文,了解文章大意,再带着选项去读,边读边做,注意联系上下文.II、阅读理解(本大题共20小题,共40.0分)AHold your head up highI was 15 months old,a happy carefree kid,until the day I fell.It was a bad fall.I landed ona piece of glassthat cut my eye badly.From then on,so my injured sightless,cloudy gray eye lived on with me.Sometimes people asked me embarrassing questions.When kids played games,I was always the"monster".I grew up imagining that everyone looked down on me.Yet Mom would say to me,"Hold your head up high and face the world."I began to rely on thatsaying.As a child,I thought mum meant,"Be careful or you will fall down or bump into somethingbecause you are not looking."As a teenager,I usually looked down to hide my shame.But I found that when I held my head up high,people liked me.In high school I even became the class president,but on the inside I still felt like a monster.All I really wanted was to look like everyone else.When things got really bad,I would cry to my mom andshe would look at me with loving eyes and say,"Hold your head up high and face the world.Let themsee the beauty that is inside instead of your appearance."My mom's love was the spark that gave me confidence.I had faced hardships,and learned not only to appreciate myself but to have deep compassion (同情)for others."Hold your head up high"has been heard many times in my home.I say it to my children.The gift myMom gave me lives on.26.The word carefree in the first line probably means" ______ "in Chinese.A.无忧无虑的B.无拘无束的C.小心翼翼的D.与众不同的27.Why did the writer imagine that everyone looked down on her?______A.She felt bad about her appearance.B.She found it hard to act as a monster.C.Kids refused to play games with her.D.People always asked her embarrassing questions.28.Why did the writer's mum say"Hold your head up high"to her?______A.To tell her to be careful.B.To help her hide the shame.C.To stop her from getting hurt.D.To make her more confident.29.From the story,we can know that ______ .A.the writer understood the saying very well as a child.B.the writer felt like everyone else in high school.C.the writer is living with a warm and brave heart now.D.the writer has deep compassion for other all her life.30.The passage is mainly about ______ .A.what the writer experienced when she was 15.B.what the writer did to show thanks for mum's gift.C.how the writer changed herself with mum's love.D.the writer has become confident with her great efforts.【答案】【小题1】A 【小题2】A 【小题3】D 【小题4】C 【小题5】C【解析】答案:26.A 词义猜测题.根据第一段句子I was 15months old,a happy carefree kid,until the day I fell我15个月大的时候,是一个…的孩子.直到有一天我摔倒了.可知在摔倒以前我是无忧无虑的,carefree意为无忧无虑的.故选A.27.A 细节理解题.根据第二段第一行句子When kids played games,I was always the"monster".I grew up imagining that everyone looked down on me.当孩子们玩游戏的时候,我总是扮演"怪物",我想象长大后,每个人都看不起我.可知她觉的她的外表很糟糕.故选A.28.D 细节理解题.倒数第二段第一句My mom's love was the spark that gave me confidence.I had faced hardships,and learned not only to appreciate myself but to have deep compassion (同情)for others.我妈妈的爱是给我信心的火花,我面对困难,不仅学会了欣赏自己,还学会了对他人的深切同情.可知妈妈让她抬起头,是为了让她更加自信.故选D.29.C 细节推测题.根据整篇文章内容及其最后一段句子Hold your head up high"has been heard many times in my home.I say it to my children.The gift my Mom gave me lives on.抬起你的头,在我的家里已经听过很多次.我也对我的孩子说.这是妈妈给我的最好的礼物,给了我生命.可知作者现在是勇敢的.故选C.30.C 主旨归纳题.根据整篇文章内容作者因为小时候的一次意外使自己的眼睛受到了伤害,而且外貌变得丑陋.作者一度心情非常低落,对自己的生活失去了信心.但是在妈妈的鼓励下,作者开始变得自信起来,也知道了如何去同情他人.可知文章主要告诉我们作者如何改变自己,以及妈妈的对自己的爱.故选C.这篇短文讲述的是作者因为小时候的一次意外使自己的眼睛受到了伤害,而且外貌变得丑陋.作者一度心情非常低落,对自己的生活失去了信心.但是在妈妈的鼓励下,作者开始变得自信起来,也知道了如何去同情他人.在通读全文的基础上,根据全文大意,展开逻辑思维,瞻前顾后,认真观察选项,仔细推敲,确定最佳答案.BThere are many colors in nature.But do you know if a color has weight?I think you'll say "no".But I am afraid you are wrong.If you don't believe,you may do a small experiment.First,put two objects with the same weight into two boxes.Then cover the box.Third,wrap one box with a red piece of paper,the other with a white piece of paper.OK.Now hold the boxes with your handone by one.It is certain that you will think the red one is a little heavier.Why do you think so?A scientist found that different colors have different weight in a man's mind.So he did many tests and at last he got the result.That is to say,every color has its own weight in ourmind'and their order is the same.The heaviest color is red,then blue,green,orange,yellow and white.The scientist told us that colors also have smell.Can you smell the color?Of course not.Then why did the scientist say so?That is because every color stands for a kind of light witha certain wavelength.It reaches our brain through sense organs.According to this discovery,scientists say that people accept the colors they like,and refuse the colors they hate.So your body and mind will be healthy by using the colors you like.Or you'll benervous or even get ill.For example,if you stay in a room with red windows,wallpapers and furniture fortwo hours,you'll feel you have been there for four hours.But if the room is blue,you'll feel you have been there for only an hour.Another example,if a person walks out of a red room and into a blue room,his temperature will fall.That means our body temperature will change with different colors.31.The purpose of the second paragraph is to tell us ______ .A.a red box is heavier than a white oneB.a color has weight in one's mindC.white paper is lighter than red paperD.you can know the weight of a color by holding it32.Why did the scientist say colors have smell?______A.Because people can sense the light from colors.B.Because we can smell colors with our nose.C.Because every color has its own sweet smell.D.Because every color can give off light of the same length.33.If a person walks from a blue room to a red room,his body temperature will ______ .A.riseB.fallC.stay the sameD.change now and then34.It can be implied from the text that ______ .A.colors have orders in weightB.colors can change the weight of an objectC.people would stay longer in a room with red windowsD.colors can affect our mood and health35.This passage is probably a ______ .A.book reviewB.fiction novelC.fairy taleD.science report.【答案】【小题1】B 【小题2】A 【小题3】A 【小题4】D 【小题5】D【解析】31.B.段落大意题.题目问第二段主旨大意,根据第二段的内容,描述的是一个实验过程,该实验分为三步,最后得出的结论是红色的重量大于白色的重量,随后下面的一段介绍为什么会出现这种现象,科学家解释是因为每种颜色在我们的意识中具有不同的重量,即a color has weight in one's mind.32.A.细节理解题.根据The scientist told us that colors also have smell.可知,科学家说颜色有自己的气味,紧接着后面说道That is because every color stands for a kind of light with a certain wavelength.It r eaches our brain through sense organs.可知每种颜色代表一种具有特定波长的光,且这种光能够通过感觉器官到达我们的大脑,即A.Because people can sense the light from colors.33.A.细节题理解题.根据Another example,if a person walks out of a red room and into a blue room,his temperature will fall.可知当一个人从红色房间进入蓝色房间之后,他的体温会下降,那么反过来我们可以知道,当一个人由蓝色房间进入红色房间之后,他的体温会升高,即rise.34.D.推理判断题.根据So your body and mind will be healthy by using the colors you like.Or you'll be nervous or even get ill.可知你的身体和心灵将通过使用你喜欢的颜色而变得更加健康,否则你会紧张甚至是生病,因此D.colors can affect our mood and health选项正确.35.D.文章主旨题.根据文章中的内容,都是先提出问题最后在解决问题,而且该文章中提到的结论和结果都是用实验的方式证明的,即有理有据,这些均符合科学报道的特点,因此这篇文章最有可能是一篇科学报道.自然界中有许多颜色.但你知道每一种颜色都有重量吗?我想你会说"不",但恐怕你错了.如果你不相信,你可以做一个小实验.首先,将两个相同重量的物体放入两个盒子中.第二,盖上盒子.第三,用一张红纸包住一个盒子,另一个盒子用一张白纸包住.用手一个接一个的拿盒子.我相信你会认为红色的有点重.你为什么这么认为?一个科学家发现,不同的颜色在一个人的心中有不同的重量.所以他做了许多测试,最后他得到了结果.也就是说,每种颜色在我们的脑海中都有自己的重量,这与它们的排列顺序也是相同的.最重的颜色是红色,然后是蓝色、绿色、橙色、黄色和白色.科学家告诉我们,颜色也有气味,你能闻到颜色吗?当然不能.那为什么科学家这么说呢?这是因为每种颜色代表一种具有特定波长的光,它通过感觉器官到达我们的大脑.根据这个发现,科学家说人们接受他们喜欢的颜色,拒绝他们讨厌的颜色.你的身体和心灵将通过使用你喜欢的颜色而变得更加健康,否则你会紧张甚至是生病.例如,如果你留在一个有红色窗户、壁纸和家具的房间两个小时,你会觉得你已经在那里四个小时了.但如果房间是蓝色的,你会觉得你在这个房间的时间只有一个小时.另一个例子,如果一个人走出一个红色的房间,进入一个蓝色的房间,他的体温会下降,这意味着我们的体温会随着不同的颜色而变化.本文主要讲据研究表明,颜色有重量、味道,还会影响人们的心情等.做题时要在理解好文意的基础上,与题目有机的结合,从文章中找到相关细节性的句子与选项细细比对,进行选择或推理判断,选出符合文章内容的正确选项.做题注意灵活,有时可采用排除法或直选法确定出最终答案.CWith long curly blond hair and an amazing voice,Taylor Swift has stolen the hearts of millions of people around the world.Born on December 13th,1989,Taylor grew up in Pennsylvania,in the US.Singing seems to be inher blood because she started writing songs and singing them at the age of ten.At about eleven yearsold she was asked to perform at the U.S.Open Tennis Tournament.She started to become well-knownfrom then on and gave her first concert at Bloomsbury Fair at the age of 12.When Taylor was 13years old,she began to work with a famous record company,RCA Records.Two years later,she left,because the company wanted her to sing the work of other songwriters,but she wanted to sing herown songs.At 15,Swift signed with Scott Borghetto,who planned to start a new recording company,Big Machine Records.Swift's first song with Big Machine Records was Tim McGraw in 2006.Laterin the same year she released (发行)her first album,Taylor Swift.The album broke many records and reached the top of the Billboard Top 200Album charts.Her second song,Teardrops on My Guitar released in February 2007,reaching Number 2 on Billboard Hot Country Songs charts.The third song,Our Song,was reached Number 16 on Billboard's Hot 100charts.Her second album,Fearless,released on November 11th,2008,was well received by people aroundthe world.The most famous songs from that album were Love Story and Romeo and Juliet.So far,shehas achieved a lot,both as a songwriter and singer.What's more,she acted in the movie Valentine's Day,in 2010.36.How long did Taylor work with RCA Records?______A.One year.B.Two years.C.Three years.D.Four years.37.What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 probably mean?______A.Taylor is a hard-working girl.B.Taylor has a great talent for music.C.Taylor suffers from a strange illness.D.Taylor practises singing every day.38.Why did Taylor leave the company,RCA Records?______A.Because she wanted to sing her own songs.B.Because she was too young to write songs.C.Because the company didn't give her very much money.D.Because RCA Records was a new recording company.39.Which song is included in Taylor's album,Fearless?______A.Teardrops on My Guitar.B.Tim McGraw.C.Our Song.D.Love Story.40.In what order did the following take place in Taylor's life?______a.Released(发行)her first album.b.Signed with Big Machine Records.c.Acted in the movie Valentine's Day.d.Gave her first concert at Bloomsbury Fair.e.Performed at the U.S.Open Tennis Tournament.A.b,e,d,c,aB.b,e,c,d,aC.e,b,d,a,cD.e,d,b,a,c.【答案】【小题1】B 【小题2】B 【小题3】A 【小题4】D 【小题5】D【解析】36.B 细节题.由第二段第 When Taylor was 13years old,she began to work with a famous record company,RCA Records.Two years later,she left,可知Taylor在RCA Records工作两年.37.B 细节题.由划线句子后面的 because 可找到原因,Taylor10 岁就会唱歌写词,可见在音乐上富有天赋.故选B.38.A 细节题.由第二段第 5 句because the company wanted her to sing the work of other songwriters,but she wanted to sing her own songs.可知她离开的原因是要唱自己的歌曲,故选A.39.D 细节题.由最后一段Her second album,Fearless,released on November 11th,2008,was well received by people aroundthe world.The most famous songs from that album were Love Story and Romeo and Juliet可知Love Story是这张专辑最著名的歌曲,故选D.40.D 排序题.可先确定最后是 c,因为文章最后出现了 Valentine's Day,刚看完最后的一句,印象最深刻,排除 A 和 B,然后比较 C 和 D,只需明确 d,b 的先后顺序就可以确定答案,在第二段的表达可以确定是先 d 后 b.故选D.本文主要讲著名歌手 Taylor Swift 从童年展现音乐天赋,到被伯乐发现,和后来坚持自己,然后大红大紫,获得了大量粉丝的喜爱.做题时要在理解好文意的基础上,与题目有机的结合,从文章中找到相关细节性的句子与选项细细比对,进行选择或推理判断,选出符合文章内容的正确选项.做题注意灵活,有时可采用排除法或直选法确定出最终答案.DSuppose you work in a big firm and find English very important for your job because you often deal with foreign businessmen.Now you are looking for a place where you can improve your41.The 21st Century English Training Centre is different from the other three.It ______ .A.its teaching quality is betterB.it is near to the city centreC.its courses are more advancedD.it requires an entrance examination42.Mr.Black want to learn English,but he works in the daytime every day.Which one will he choose bellow?______A.Global English CentreB.Modern Language School.C.The 21st Century English Training CentreD.The International House of English.43.Miss White works as a secretary,if she wants to improve her English,she will call______ .A.67605272B.67383019C.67801642D.6735310944.If you attend the course at The International House of English,you will pay about______ .A.60 yuanB.240 yuanC.720 yuanD.1,440 yuan45.Where can you probably find the information?______A.English bookC.NewspaperD.Magazine.【答案】【小题1】D 【小题2】A 【小题3】B 【小题4】D 【小题5】C【解析】41.D 细节理解题.通过题干出现的 21st Century English Training Center 可以把答案范围定在第三个表格,通过和另外三个表格比较,可以确定是 D 需要入学测试,其他 3 个学习机构不需要.故选D.42.A 细节理解题.根据题干,可知 Mr.Black 只能在晚上上课,所以就把寻找范围锁定在时间,迅速找可以晚上上课的学习机构,根据第一栏的Choice of morning or evening classes,3hours per day.Mon~Fri.故选 A.43.B 细节理解题.第二个表格第一句话的Special courses in English for business,travel,banking hotel management and office skills可知作为秘书应该学习和office skills相关的技能,故选 B.44.D 理解计算题.根据题干可知是要在The International House of English学习,根据A six-month English course for students of all levels at a very low cost:60yuan for 12hours per week,计算方法 60X4 个星期 X6 个月=1,440yuan,故选 D.45.C 推断题.因为这是广告,广告是刊登在报纸,所以选 C.本文是呈现了 4 则关于英语学习的广告.介绍了几个学习中心的学习内容,时间和联系方式.做题时要在理解好文意的基础上,与题目有机的结合,从文章中找到相关细节性的句子与选项细细比对,进行选择或推理判断,选出符合文章内容的正确选项.做题注意灵活,有时可采用排除法或直选法确定出最终答案.III、补充句子(本大题共18小题,共25.0分)Ben is a 15-year-old schoolboy from the UK.(46)______ However,what he did on a train made a lot of people know him.One day,Ben was on a train to Oxenholme,England.(47)______ Later the man opened his bag and tried to take outsome paint.Suddenly,a few paint brushes fell out of his bag.(48)______ To Ben's surprise,the manwrote Banks on a picture and gave it to him."Do you know who Robin Banks is?"asked the man.Ben said no,and then the man told him,"This will be worth about£20,000.Have a good life,brother."Since Ben didn't know who Banks was,he searched for it on the Internet as soon ashe got home.(49)______ However,perhaps Ben would be disappointed because the spokeswoman forBanks said it wasn't the real artist after she heard the story.(50)______ No matter what the result they got,46.47.48.50.【答案】【小题1】C 【小题2】E 【小题3】A 【小题4】D 【小题5】B【解析】46.C细节理解题.空格后的however 表示转折关系,提示前面的意思和后面的意思是相反的.根据"However,what he did on a train made a lot of people know him"所述,他在火车上做的一件事让他名声大震.由此推断,他以前是默默无闻的.故选C.47.E.细节理解题.根据"Later the man opened his bag and tried to take ou tsome paint"所述,这个男人打开包,想取些颜料,这是第二次提到该人.而第一次提到这个人要用不定冠词a.(a man),第二次提到要用the(the man).选项E和上述句子符合这种叙述方式,说明它们是前后句.故选E.48.A.细节理解题.根据前面一句"Suddenly,a few paint brushes fell out of his bag"所述,本看到一个男人的画笔从包里掉出来了,就过去帮他捡起来,这和选项A前后呼应,故选A.49.D.细节理解题.根据前面一句"Since Ben didn't know who Banks was,he searched for it on the Internet as soon as he got home"所述,本上网查找班克斯的信息,于是有所发现.这和选项D的叙述前后呼应,顺应故事情节发展,故选D.50.B.细节理解题.根据空格后面一句"No matter what the result they got"所述,无论结果如何….选项B说,本和他妈妈打算找一个正式的机构去确认这幅画的真假.两者前后呼应,一脉相承.故选B本是个15岁的英国学生.过去,他像其他孩子一样,是个普普通通的学生.然而,有一次在火车上的所作所为使他为众人所知.有一天,本乘火车去英格兰的奥森海姆村.他看到一个四十多岁的男人在一张纸上画画.后来,这个人打开包,想取些颜料.突然,几支画笔从包里滑出来.本来到跟前,帮助他把画笔捡起来.让本吃惊的是,这个人在纸上写下"班克斯"这个名字,交给本.这个人问:"你知道谁是罗宾•班克斯吗?"本回答不知,于是这个人告诉他:"这个签名将值2万英镑.祝你生活愉快,兄弟."因为本不认识班克斯,他一到家就在互联网上搜索了一下.他发现,原来班克斯就是罗宾•班克斯,就是那个了不起的涂鸦艺术家.然而,也许本会感到失望,因为班克斯的发言人说,她听说这个事后,认为那个人并不是班克斯本人.本和妈妈计划把这张签名送到一家正式机构去检验是否是班克斯的艺术作品.本说,不管结果怎样,帮助那些需要帮助的人永远是快乐的事情.首先要仔细阅读短文,掌握大意,然后结合具体的题目,再读短文,从中找出相关信息,就可以确定正确答案.51.If we don't protect the earth,we will l ______ our home.【答案】lose【解析】答案:lose;根据句意分析,如果我们不保护地球,我们将会…我们的家园,因为地球是人类的家园,不保护它我们就会失去它,推测填失去lose,且正好以l 开头,will后填动词原形,所以填lose.-如果你不保护地球,我们将会失去我们的家园.首字母写单词题,注意结合句意,推测要填的单词,要注意其正确形式.52.--Where are you going to spend your holiday,Mary?--I have no idea.But I plan to go a ______ because I want to make some foreign friends.【答案】。

最新广州市白云区中考一模数学

2016年广东省广州市白云区中考数学一模试卷一、选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题3分,满分30分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)1.﹣0.5的相反数是()A.0.5 B.﹣0.5 C.﹣2 D.22.已知点C是线段AB上的一点,不能确定点C是AB中点的条件是()A.AC=CB B.C.AB=2BC D.AC+CB=AB3.下列各组的两项是同类项的为()A.3m2n2与﹣m2n3B xy与2yx C.53与a3D.3x2y2与4x2z24.如图,直线AB和CD相交于点O,若∠AOD=134°,则∠AOC的度数为()A.134°B.144°C.46°D.32°5.一个正方形的面积为2,则它的边长是()A.4 B C D6.为了了解一批电视机的使用寿命,从中抽取100台电视机进行试验,这个问题的样本是()A.这批电视机B.这批电视机的使用寿命C.抽取的100台电视机的使用寿命D.100台7.计算(﹣2x+1)(﹣3x2)的结果为()A.6x3+1 B.6x3﹣3 C.6x3﹣3x2D.6x3+3x28.若一个多边形的每个外角都等于45°,则它是()A.六边形B.八边形C.九边形D.十二边形9.如图,正比例函数y1=k1x和反比例函数y2A(2,﹣1),若y1>y2,则x的取值范围是()A.﹣1<x<0 B.x>2 C.﹣2<x<0或x>2 D.x<﹣2或0<x<210.如图,△ABC周长为36cm,把其边AC对折,使点C、A重合,折痕交BC边于点D,交AC边于点E,连结AD,若AE=6cm,则△ABD的周长是()A.24cm B.26cm C.28cm D.30cm二、填空题(本大题共6小题,每小题3分,满分18分)11.D、E、F分别是△ABC各边的中点.若△ABC的周长是12cm,则△DEF的周长是______cm.12.平面直角坐标系下有序数对(2x﹣y,x+y)表示的点为(5,4),则x=______.y=______.13.14.直线y=kx+b中,k<0,b>0,则此直线经过第______象限.15.如果菱形两邻角之比为1:2,较短的对角线长为8,则其周长为______.16.在平面直角坐标系中,Rt△OAB的顶点A若将△OAB绕O点,逆时针旋转60°后,B点到达B′点,则点B′的坐标是______.三、解答题(本大题共9小题,满分102分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤)1718.如图,E、F分别是▱ABCD的边BC、AD上的两点,∠19.如图是平面直角坐标系及其中的一条直线,该直线还经过点C(3,﹣10).(1)求这条直线的解析式;(2)若该直线分别与x轴、y轴交于A、B两点,点P在x轴上,且S△PAB=6S△OAB,求点P的坐标.20.图①是某手机生产厂第一季度三个月产量统计图,图②是这三个月的产量与第一季度总产量的比例分布统计图,统计员在制作图①、图②时漏填了部分数据.(1)该厂二月份生产的手机产量占第一季度的比例为______%;(2)求该厂三月份生产手机的产量;(3)请求出图②中一月份圆心角的度数.21.在一个不透明的袋子中装有三张分别标有1、2、3数字的卡片(卡片除数字外完全相同).(1)从袋中任意抽取一张卡片,则抽出的是偶数的概率为______;(2)从袋中任意抽取二张卡片,求被抽取的两张卡片构成两位数是奇数的概率.22.我国水资源比较缺乏,人均水量约为世界人均水量的四分之一,其中西北地区缺水尤为严重.一村民为了蓄水,他把一块矩形白铁皮四个角各切去一个同样大小的小正方形后制作一个无盖水箱用于接雨水.已知白铁皮的长为280cm,宽为160cm(如图).(1)若水箱的底面积为16000cm2,请求出切去的小正方形边长;(2)对(1)中的水箱,若盛满水,这时水量是多少升?(注:1升水=1000cm3水)23.如图1,延长⊙O的直径AB至点C,使得,点P是⊙O上半部分的一个动点(点P不与A、B重合),连结OP,CP.(1)∠C的最大度数为______;(2)当⊙O的半径为3时,△OPC的面积有没有最大值?若有,说明原因并求出最大值;若没有,请说明理由;(3)如图2,延长PO交⊙O于点D,连结DB,当CP=DB时,求证:CP是⊙O的切线.24.已知,如图,抛物线y=﹣x2+ax+b与x轴从左至右交于A、B两点,与y轴正半轴交于点C.设∠OCB=α,∠OCA=β,且tanα﹣tanβ=2,OC2=OA•OB.(1)△ABC是否为直角三角形?若是,请给出证明;若不是,请说明理由;(2)求抛物线的解析式;(3)若抛物线的顶点为P,求四边形ABPC的面积.25.如图:△ABC中,∠C=45°,点D在AC上,且∠ADB=60°,AB为△BCD外接圆的切线.(1)用尺规作出△BCD的外接圆(保留作图痕迹,可不写作法);(2)求∠A的度数;(32016年广东省广州市白云区中考数学一模试卷参考答案与试题解析一、选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题3分,满分30分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)1.﹣0.5的相反数是()A.0.5 B.﹣0.5 C.﹣2 D.2【考点】相反数.【分析】根据只有符号不同的两个数互为相反数,可得答案.【解答】解:﹣0.5的相反数是0.5,故选:A.2.已知点C是线段AB上的一点,不能确定点C是AB中点的条件是()A.AC=CB B.C.AB=2BC D.AC+CB=AB【考点】两点间的距离.【分析】根据线段中点的定义对每一项分别进行分析,即可得出答案.【解答】解:A、若AC=CB,则C是线段AB中点;B、若,则C是线段AB中点;C、若AB=2BC,则C是线段AB中点;D、AC+BC=AB,C可是线段AB是任意一点,则不能确定C是AB中点的条件是D.故选D.3.下列各组的两项是同类项的为()A.3m2n2与﹣m2n3B xy与2yx C.53与a3D.3x2y2与4x2z2【考点】同类项.【分析】依据同类项的定义回答即可.【解答】解:A、3m2n2与﹣m2n3字母n的指数不同不是同类项,故A错误;B与2yx是同类项,故B正确;C、53与a3所含字母不同,不是同类项,故C错误;D、3x2y2与4x2z2所含的字母不同,不是同类项,故D错误.故选:B.4.如图,直线AB和CD相交于点O,若∠AOD=134°,则∠AOC的度数为()A.134°B.144°C.46°D.32°【考点】对顶角、邻补角.【分析】根据邻补角之和等于180°进行计算即可.【解答】解:∠AOD+∠AOC=180°,∴∠AOC=180°﹣134°=46°,故选:C.5.一个正方形的面积为2,则它的边长是()A.4 B C D【考点】算术平方根.【分析】依据算术平方根的定义和性质求解即可.【解答】解:设它的边长为x,则x2=2,所以故选:D.6.为了了解一批电视机的使用寿命,从中抽取100台电视机进行试验,这个问题的样本是()A.这批电视机B.这批电视机的使用寿命C.抽取的100台电视机的使用寿命D.100台【考点】总体、个体、样本、样本容量.【分析】本题考查的是确定总体.解此类题需要注意“考查对象实际应是表示事物某一特征的数据,而非考查的事物.”.我们在区分总体、个体、样本、样本容量这四个概念时,首先找出考查的对象,从而找出总体、个体,再根据被收集数据的这一部分对象找出样本.【解答】解:本题考查的对象是了解一批电视机的使用寿命,故样本是所抽取的100台电视机的使用寿命.故选:C.7.计算(﹣2x+1)(﹣3x2)的结果为()A.6x3+1 B.6x3﹣3 C.6x3﹣3x2D.6x3+3x2【考点】单项式乘多项式.【分析】依据单项式乘多项式法则进行计算即可.【解答】解:原式=6x3﹣3x2.故选:C.8.若一个多边形的每个外角都等于45°,则它是()A.六边形B.八边形C.九边形D.十二边形【考点】多边形内角与外角.【分析】因为多边形的外角和是360°,正多边形的每个外角都相等,且一个外角的度数为45°,由此即可求出答案.【解答】解:360÷45=8,则正多边形的边数为8,故选B.9.如图,正比例函数y1=k1x和反比例函数y2A(2,﹣1),若y1>y2,则x的取值范围是()A.﹣1<x<0 B.x>2 C.﹣2<x<0或x>2 D.x<﹣2或0<x<2【考点】反比例函数与一次函数的交点问题.【分析】根据对称性先确定它们的交点坐标,然后根据一次函数图象在反比例函数图象的上方,由此即可解决问题.【解答】解:如图,∵点A坐标(2,﹣1),又∵正比例函数y1=k1x和反比例函数y2∴它们的交点A、B关于原点对称,∴点B坐标(﹣2,1),∴由图象可知,y1>y2时,x<﹣2,或0<x<2.故选D.10.如图,△ABC周长为36cm,把其边AC对折,使点C、A重合,折痕交BC边于点D,交AC边于点E,连结AD,若AE=6cm,则△ABD的周长是()A.24cm B.26cm C.28cm D.30cm【考点】翻折变换(折叠问题).【分析】根据翻折变换的性质可得AE=EC,AD=CD,然后求出△ABD的周长=AB+BC,代入数据计算即可得解.【解答】解:∵△ABC的边AC对折顶点C和点A重合,∴AE=EC,AD=CD,∴△ABD的周长=AB+BD+AD=AB+BD+CD=AB+BC,∵AE=6cm,∴AC=AE+EC=6+6=12,∵△ABC的周长为36cm,∴AB+BC=36﹣12=24cm,∴△ABD的周长是24cm.故选A.二、填空题(本大题共6小题,每小题3分,满分18分)11.D、E、F分别是△ABC各边的中点.若△ABC的周长是12cm,则△DEF的周长是6 cm.【考点】三角形中位线定理.【分析】由于D、E分别是AB、BC的中点,则DE是△ABC的中位线,那么,同理有,,于是易求△DEF的周长.【解答】解:如图所示,∵D、E分别是AB、BC的中点,∴DE是△ABC的中位线,∴,同理有,,∴△DEF的周长AC+BC+AB)12=6cm.故答案为:6.12.平面直角坐标系下有序数对(2x﹣y,x+y)表示的点为(5,4),则x=3.y=1.【考点】点的坐标.【分析】【解答】故答案为:3;1.13【考点】约分.【分析】首先把分子分母分解因式,再约去分子分母的公因式即可.【解答】解:原式14.直线y=kx+b中,k<0,b>0,则此直线经过第一、二、四象限.【考点】一次函数图象与系数的关系.【分析】根据一次函数图象与系数的关系进行判断.【解答】解:∵k<0,b>0,∴直线y=kx+b经过第一、二、四象限.故答案为:一、二、四.15.如果菱形两邻角之比为1:2,较短的对角线长为8,则其周长为32.【考点】菱形的性质.【分析】根据菱形的性质及已知可求得△ADB是等边三角形,从而可得到菱形的边长,进而可求出其周长.【解答】解:∵四边形ABCD∴AB∥CD,∴∠A+∠ADC=180°,∵∠A:∠ADC=1:2,∴∠A=60°,∠ADC=120°,∵AD=AB,∴△ADB为等边三角形,∴AD=BD=8,∴菱形的周长=4×8=32,故答案为32.16.在平面直角坐标系中,Rt△OAB的顶点A若将△OAB绕O点,逆时针旋转60°后,B点到达B′点,则点B′【考点】坐标与图形变化-旋转.【分析】根据A点坐标可知∠AOB=30°,因此旋转后OA在y轴上.如图所示.作B′C′⊥y 轴于C′点,运用三角函数求出B′C′、OC′的长度即可确定B′的坐标.【解答】解:将△OAB绕O点,逆时针旋转60°后,位置如图所示,作B′C′⊥y轴于C′点,∵A∴AB=1,∠AOB=30°,∴OB′B′OC′=30°,∴B′C′OC′∴B′.三、解答题(本大题共9小题,满分102分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤)17【考点】解一元一次不等式组.【分析】分别求出每一个不等式的解集,根据口诀:同大取大、同小取小、大小小大中间找、大大小小无解了确定不等式组的解集.【解答】解:解不等式x+3<5,得:x<2,解不等式3x﹣1≥﹣7,得:x≥﹣2,故不等组的解集为:﹣2≤x<2.的边BC、AD上的两点,∠AEB=∠FCB.求证:BE=DF.【考点】平行四边形的性质;全等三角形的判定与性质.【分析】根据平行四边形的性质得出AB=CD,∠B=∠D,根据AAS证出△ABE≌△CDF 即可推出答案.【解答】证明:∵四边形ABCD为平行四边形,∴AB=CD,∠B=∠D.又AD∥CB,∴∠DFC=∠FCB,又∵∠AEB=∠FCB,∴∠AEB=∠CFD.在△ABE和△CDF中,∴△ABE≌△CDF(AAS),∴BE=DF.19.如图是平面直角坐标系及其中的一条直线,该直线还经过点C(3,﹣10).(1)求这条直线的解析式;(2)若该直线分别与x轴、y轴交于A、B两点,点P在x轴上,且S△PAB=6S△OAB,求点P的坐标.【考点】待定系数法求一次函数解析式;一次函数图象上点的坐标特征.【分析】(1)待定系数法求解可得;(2)先根据直线解析式求得A、B点坐标,进而可得S△OAB P的坐标为P(m,0),用含m的式子表示出S△PAB,根据S△PAB=6S△OAB可得关于m的方程,解方程即可得.【解答】解:(1)设直线的解析式为:y=kx+b,由图可知,直线经过点(﹣1,2),又已知经过点C(3,﹣10),∴直线的解析式为:y=﹣3x﹣1;(2)由y=﹣3x﹣1,令y=0,解得x=令x=0,解得y=﹣1.∴A、B两点的坐标分别为A0)、B(0,﹣1).S△OAB•设点P的坐标为P(m,0),则S△PAB•|m|×m,由S△PAB=6S△OAB m=6从而得m或m﹣2,∴m=即点P的坐标为P0)或P0).20.图①是某手机生产厂第一季度三个月产量统计图,图②是这三个月的产量与第一季度总产量的比例分布统计图,统计员在制作图①、图②时漏填了部分数据.(1)该厂二月份生产的手机产量占第一季度的比例为34%;(2)求该厂三月份生产手机的产量;(3)请求出图②中一月份圆心角的度数.【考点】条形统计图;扇形统计图.【分析】(1)用1减去一月、三月百分比可得;(2)根据一月产量和百分比求出一季度总产量,将总产量乘以三月份百分比可得;(3)360°×一月份百分比即可.【解答】解:(1)该厂二月份生产的手机产量占第一季度的比例为1﹣30%﹣36%=34%;(2)该厂第一季度总产量为:1500÷30%=5000(部),5000×36%=1800(部);答:该厂三月份生产手机为1800部;(3)360°×30%=108°.答:图②中一月份圆心角的度数为:108°.故答案为:(1)34.21.在一个不透明的袋子中装有三张分别标有1、2、3数字的卡片(卡片除数字外完全相同).(1(2)从袋中任意抽取二张卡片,求被抽取的两张卡片构成两位数是奇数的概率.【考点】列表法与树状图法;概率公式.【分析】(1)求出1,2,3三个数中偶数的个数,再直接根据概率公式求解即可;(2)分别列举出可能组成的两位数,再根据概率公式解答即可.【解答】解:(1)随机地抽取一张,所有可能出现的结果有3个,每个结果发生的可能性都相等,其中卡片上的数字为偶数的结果有1个.(2)解法一:列举法被抽取的两张卡片所有可能是:1、2;1、3;2、3.而每一种情况,都可构成两个两位数,即是:12,21,13,31,23,32,共6个两位数.其中是奇数的为:21,13,31,23共4个,∴P(奇数)其中是奇数的为:13,21,23,31共4个,∴P(奇数)解法三:树状图法由树状图可知,构成的两位数共有6个,分别是:12,13,21,23,31,32,其中是奇数的为:13,21,23,31共4个,∴P(奇数)22.我国水资源比较缺乏,人均水量约为世界人均水量的四分之一,其中西北地区缺水尤为严重.一村民为了蓄水,他把一块矩形白铁皮四个角各切去一个同样大小的小正方形后制作一个无盖水箱用于接雨水.已知白铁皮的长为280cm,宽为160cm(如图).(1)若水箱的底面积为16000cm2,请求出切去的小正方形边长;(2)对(1)中的水箱,若盛满水,这时水量是多少升?(注:1升水=1000cm3水)【考点】一元二次方程的应用.【分析】(1)设切去的小正方形的边长为xcm,然后用含x的式子表示水箱底面的长和宽,然后依据矩形的面积公式列方程求解即可;(2)依据正方体的体积=底面积×高求得水的体积,然后再依据1升水=1000cm3水求解即可.【解答】解:(1)设切去的小正方形的边长为xcm.根据题意,得:=16000,化简整理,得:x2﹣220x+7200=0,解得x=40或x=180(舍去).答:切去的小正方形边长为40cm.(2)在(1)的条件下,水箱的容积=16000×40=640000cm3.640000÷1000=640(升)答:这时水量为640升.23.如图1,延长⊙O的直径AB至点C,使得,点P是⊙O上半部分的一个动点(点P不与A、B重合),连结OP,CP.(1)∠C的最大度数为30°;(2)当⊙O的半径为3时,△OPC的面积有没有最大值?若有,说明原因并求出最大值;若没有,请说明理由;(3)如图2,延长PO交⊙O于点D,连结DB,当CP=DB时,求证:CP是⊙O的切线.【考点】圆的综合题.【分析】(1)当PC与⊙O相切时,∠OCP的度数最大,根据切线的性质即可求得;(2)由△OPC的边OC是定值,得到当OC边上的高为最大值时,△OPC的面积最大,当PO⊥OC时,取得最大值,即此时OC边上的高最大,于是得到结论;(3)根据全等三角形的性质得到AP=DB,根据等腰三角形的性质得到∠A=∠C,得到CO=OB+OB=AB,推出△APB≌△CPO,根据全等三角形的性质得到∠CPO=∠APB,根据圆周角定理得到∠APB=90°,即可得到结论.【解答】解:(1)当PC与⊙O相切时,∠OCP最大.如图1,所示:∵sin∠∴∠OCP=30°∴∠OCP的最大度数为30°,故答案为:30°;(2)有最大值,理由:∵△OPC的边OC是定值,∴当OC边上的高为最大值时,△OPC的面积最大,而点P在⊙O上半圆上运动,当PO⊥OC时,取得最大值,即此时OC边上的高最大,也就是高为半径长,∴最大值S△OPC•6×3=9;(3)证明:连结AP,BP,如图2,在△OAP与△OBD中,∴△OAP≌△OBD,∴AP=DB,∵PC=DB,∴AP=PC,∵PA=PC,∴∠A=∠C,∵,∴CO=OB+OB=AB,在△APB和△CPO中,∴△APB≌△CPO,∴∠CPO=∠APB,∵AB为直径,∴∠APB=90°,∴∠CPO=90°,∴PC切⊙O于点P,即CP是⊙O的切线.24.已知,如图,抛物线y=﹣x2+ax+b与x轴从左至右交于A、B两点,与y轴正半轴交于点C.设∠OCB=α,∠OCA=β,且tanα﹣tanβ=2,OC2=OA•OB.(1)△ABC是否为直角三角形?若是,请给出证明;若不是,请说明理由;(2)求抛物线的解析式;(3)若抛物线的顶点为P,求四边形ABPC的面积.【考点】二次函数综合题.【分析】(1)利用已知得出Rt△BOC∽Rt△COA,进而得出∠OCA+∠OCB=90°,即可得出答案;(2)由题意可得,方程﹣x2+ax+b=0有两个不同的实数根,进而得出C点坐标,可得出b的值,再利用tanαtanβtanα﹣tanβ=2,得出a的值进而得出答案;=S△PDB﹣S△CDA•PF•OC,进而(3)作PF⊥x轴于点F,根据S四边形ABPC得出答案.【解答】解:(1)△ABC是直角三角形.理由如下:∵OC2=OA•OB,又∵∠BOC=∠COA=90°,∴Rt△BOC∽Rt△COA,∴∠OCB=∠OAC;又∵∠OCA+∠OAC=90°,∴∠OCA+∠OCB=90°,即∠ACB=90°,∴△ABC是直角三角形;(2)∵抛物线与x轴交于A、B两点,∴方程﹣x2+ax+b=0有两个不同的实数根.设这两个根分别为x1、x2,且x1<x2,显然,x1<0,x2>0,得A、B两点的坐标分别为A(x1,0)、B(x2,0).由根与系数的关系,有x1+x2=a,x1•x2=﹣b.对于抛物线y=﹣x2+ax+b,当x=0时,y=b,∴C点的坐标为C(0,b);由已知条件OC2=OA•OB,得b2=(﹣x1)•x2,即b2=﹣x1•x2,∴b2=b,∵点C在y轴的正半轴上,∴b>0,从而得b=1.∵tanαtanβ由tanα﹣tanβ=2,即OB﹣OA=2OC,得x2﹣(﹣x1)=2b,x2+x1=2b,即a=2b,∴a=2.∴抛物线的解析式为:y=﹣x2+2x+1;(3)由抛物线的解析式y=﹣x2+2x+1配方得:y=﹣(x﹣1)2+2,∴其顶点P的坐标为P(1,2).解方程﹣x2+2x+1=0,得x1=1x2=1∴A(10),B(10).解法一:设过P、C两点的直线与x轴交于点D,直线的解析式为:y=kx+1,把P(1,2)坐标代入,得k=1,∴直线PC:y=x+1,当y=0时,x=﹣1,即点D的坐标为D(﹣1,0).∵﹣1<1∴点D在点A的左边,作PF⊥x轴于点F,=S△PDB﹣S△CDA•PF•OC ∴S四边形ABPC(1+1]×2(1+1]×1即四边形ABPC解法二:过点P作PF⊥x轴于点F,则∴S四边形ABPC =S△OAC+S梯形COFP+S△PFB•OC OC+PF)•OF•PF,1)×11+2)×111)×2即四边形ABPC25.如图:△ABC中,∠C=45°,点D在AC上,且∠ADB=60°,AB为△BCD外接圆的切线.(1)用尺规作出△BCD的外接圆(保留作图痕迹,可不写作法);(2)求∠A的度数;(3【考点】圆的综合题.【分析】(1)利用三角形外接圆的圆心是各边垂直平分线的交点即可画出图形.(2)只要证明△BOD是等腰直角三角形即可推出∠ABD=∠DBO=45°,利用三角形内角和定理即可解决问题.(3)过点B作BE⊥AC,垂足为点E,设DE=x,则BD=2x,,用x的代数式表示AD、DC即可解决问题.【解答】解:(1)作BC的垂直平分线MN,作BD的垂直平分线HF,MN与FH的交点为O,以点O为圆心OB为作⊙O即可.如图所示,(2)连结OB、OD,由切线性质,知∠ABO=90°.∵∠ACB=45°,∴∠BOD=90°,(同弧所对的圆周角等于它所对的圆心角的一半).∵OB=OD,∴∠OBD=∠ODB=45°,由∠ABO=90°,得∠ABD=45°,∴∠A=180°﹣∠ABD﹣∠ADB=180°﹣45°﹣60°=75°;(3)过点B作BE⊥AC,垂足为点E,在Rt△BCE中,∵∠ACB=45°,∴∠EBC=45°,∴BE=CE.在Rt△BDE中,∵∠DBE=90°﹣∠EDB=30°,∴BD=2DE,设DE=x,则BD=2x,DC=CE﹣DE=BE﹣DE=1)x.AE=AD﹣DE=AD﹣x.在△ABC和△ADB中,∵∠ABD=∠ACB=45°,∠A为公共角,∴△ABC∽△ADB,即AB2=AC•AD,即AB2=(AD+DC)•AD=AD2+AD•1)x①.在Rt△ABE中,由勾股定理,得AB2=AE2+BE2=(AD﹣x)2+)2②.由①、②,得AD2+AD•1)x=(AD﹣x)2+)2,化简整理,解得AD=21)x.,.2016年9月26日。

2016年白云区初三一模语文试卷

白云区2016学年初中毕业生学业考试语文第一部分积累与运用(共35分)一、(6小题,20分)1、选出下列各项加点字拼音全都正确..的一项()(3分)A.默契(qì)锲而不舍(qiè)污秽(suì)龙吟凤哕(huì)B.丝弦(xián)头晕目眩(xuán)行辈(háng)五行缺土(xíng)C.骸骨(hái)骇人听闻(hài)慰藉(jiè)杯盘狼藉(jí)D.腌臜(ā)奄奄一息(yān)出差(chāi)参差不齐(cī)2、选出下列词语书写全都无误..的一项()(3分)A.絮絮叨叨仙露琼浆恍然大悟羸弱不堪B.峰峦叠嶂烟雾弥漫虚无漂缈绵延不止C.截然不同细脚伶仃痴心忘想暝思遐想3、依次填入下列句子横线处的词语,最恰当的一项是()(3分)①日前出版的《千载风情广州话》一书,对有志于学习和研究广州话的人士。

②俄罗斯总统普京说,不能再不顾老人们的死活,不能再地眼见贫穷的儿童哭泣!③近年来,国内出版了许多儿童百科全书,,整体来看不大令人满意。

A.大有裨益不动声色鱼龙混杂B.受益匪浅无动于衷鱼龙混杂C.受益匪浅不动声色良莠不齐D.大有裨益无动于衷良莠不齐4、下列句子,没有..语病的一项是()(3分)A.珠三角地区经济要保持健康发展,投资环境的好坏,服务质量的优劣是重要保证。

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D.理解、感悟、阅读大量的文学名著,对中学生而言,有利于开拓视野,陶冶情操。

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2016广州白云区广雅初三一模一、语法选择(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)Yao Ming was elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame Class of 2016 1 April 4th.The Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame said that Yao Ming, 2 is from China, helped 3 the NBA popular in China.“He led his hometown Shanghai Sharks 4 a CBA Championship in 2002 and 5 the NBA in the same year.”As a member of the Houston Rockets, he got all honors (2013) and was named to the All-NBA Team five times (2004, 2006-2009). He was also 6 eight-time NBA All-Star (2003-2009, 2011). As a member of the Chinese National Team, Yao got the Asian Championship MVP three times. He is really a great 7 . No one in Asia 8 be better.” the speaker said.9 gets on well all the time. Yao Ming got hurt in the game in 2005. 10 sometimes he had to stop, he kept playing 11 2011, when he had to retire from basketball because of his injured foot.“These ten inductees(就任者), including Yao Ming and 12 nine players, have done a lot to the basketball game in 13 own way and we are happy to honor them”, said Jerry, leader of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.The Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame is an American history museum and hall of fame. It was 14 up in 1959. Since then, it 15 345 people and 10 teams already.1. A. on B. at C. to D. in2. A. which B. who C. whose D. whom3. A. make B. made C. makes D. making4. A. of B. with C. about D. to5. A. joined B. joins C. joining D. join6. A. a B. an C. the D. 不填7. A. successful B. successfully C. succeed D. success8. A. must B. should C. can D. need9. A. Something B. Nothing C. Everything D. Anything10. A. Because B. Unless C. Though D. So11. A. and B. if C. until D. after12. A. the other B. another C. others D. other13. A. they B. them C. theirs D. their14. A. setting B. sets C. set D. to set15. A. has honored B. honored C. had honored D. Honors二、完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)Jimmy, a little mouse, looked out of the window of the farmhouse. Still nobody came. Maybe today, he thought 16 . It was only a few days before Christmas and he was watching for a miracle(奇迹).This farmhouse had been 17 too long. It needed a family. Jimmy’s 18 made a noise. He realizedthat he had eaten nothing since yesterday. He jumped from the windowsill (窗沿), took a 19 from his home, and went next door to Farmer Mike’s.Farmer Mike’s house had been a great place for the little mouse until the farmer married a wife who had a cat. Jimmy looked around carefully as he went into the room where grains was stored and was quite 20 as he filled his bag with wheat. He was about to leave when suddenly he 21 a hot breath about his ear. His heart beat fast, and without thinking he started to run and lu ckily escaped the cat’s paws(爪子).The next afternoon Jimmy heard some good news: a 22 family would be moving into the farmhouse soon. Jimmy’s granny would arrive on Christmas Eve to 23 with him. Before long, a car came up the road leading to the house, with butter sandwiches, cheese and chocolate. Jimmy’s Christmas miracle did arrive!The house came alive the next few days. Jimmy 24 every single hour of them. However, the day before Christmas when he was drinking hot chocolate with a satisfied smile at the door of his home, he heard the 25 of the children of the family about what they might get for Christmas. What? A cat? The smile froze(冻结)on his face; his mouth fell wide open. After a long while, he at last found his voice: “Hey! Whose Christmas miracle is this?”16. A. carefully B. excitedly C. hopefully D. proudly17. A. dirty B. noisy C. messy D. empty18. A. mouth B. nose C. stomach D. throat19. A. bag B. stick C. bowl D. coat20. A. curious B. nervous C. tired D. silent21. A. took B. drew C. felt D. caught22. A. close B. happy C. new D. young23. A. celebrate B. communicate C. compete D. contact24. A. counted B. enjoyed C. missed D. wasted25. A. introduction B. discussion C. comment D. decision三、阅读(共两节,满分45分)第一节阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2分,满分40分)(A)On the first day of school our teacher introduced himself and challenged us to get to know someone we didn’t know. I stood up to look around when a gentle hand touched my shoulder.I turned around to find a l ittle old lady with a warm smile. She said, “Hi, handsome. My name is Rose. I’m eighty-seven years old.”“Why are you in university at such a young age?” I asked. She replied, “I’m here to meet a rich husband, get married, have a couple of kids, and then r etire and travel.”I knew she was joking. I was curious what might have encouraged her to be taking on this challenge at her age.“I always dreamed of having a university education and now I’m getting one!” she told me. We became friends. Every day we woul d talk nonstop after class. I always enjoyed listening to this “time machine” as sheshared her wisdom and experience with me. And Rose easily made friends wherever she went.At the end of the term we invited Rose to make a little speech. She cleared her throat and began, “We do not stop playing because we are old; we grow old because we stop playing. I’ve learned a few secrets of staying young, being happy, and achieving success. You have to laugh and find humor every day. You’ve got to have a dream. When you lose your dreams, you die.”“There is a huge difference between growing older and growing up. Anybody can grow older. That doesn’t take any talent or ability. The idea is to grow up by always finding the opportunity in change...26. When the author and Rose first met, they began their conversation in a ________ manner.A. politeB. impoliteC. seriousD. humorous27. Rose went to the university in order to _______.A. meet a rich husbandB. make new friendsC. get a better job C. get a university education28. The author considered Rose as a “time machine” because ________.A. she always came to class on timeB. she made friends easily at universityC. she enjoyed a long life and had lots of wisdom and experienceD. she knew the difference between growing older and growing up29. The word “That” in Paragraph 7 refers to ________.前后空1格A. growing olderB. growing upC. staying youngD. being happy30. From this passage we know Rose believed ________.A. “Easier said than done.”B. “Well begun is half done.”C. “It is never too late to learn.”D. “Reading makes a full man.”(B)Queen Elizabeth II is not only the queen of the United Kingdom, but she is also the queen of other 16 countries, including Australia, New Zealand, Canada and Jamaica. Her face is seen on stamps and coins all around the world.Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor was born in London on April 21st 1926. Her parents were George, the Duke of York, and Elizabeth, the daughter of the Earl and Countness of Strathmore. As a child, Princess Elizabeth lived with her parents and younger sister in London and Windsor. Every summer, she traveled to Scotland to visit her mother’s parents. She was interested in all kinds of sports, but her favorites were horse riding and swimming. She was also keen on acting, art and music.As princess Elizabeth grew older, she started to play a part in British public life. When she was 14, she broadcast a radio message to all the children of Britain and the Common-wealth. Two years later, she carried out her first public duty, and started to go on official tours shortly after that. After a tour to South Africa in 1946, she married Philip Mountbatten. The couple had four children: Prince Charles, born in 1948, Princess Anne, born in 1950, Prince Andrew, born in 1960 and Prince Edward, born in 1964.After her father died, Princess Elizabeth became Queen Elizabeth II in a ceremony held in London in 1953. Asa queen, she has many duties, and leads a very busy life. She travels throughout the world, meeting the leaders of other countries, and attends a large number of official duties. She also holds a meeting every week with the British Prime Minister. Every year, on Christmas Day, she broadcast a message to the people of British and the Common-wealth, talking about her hopes for the future.Queen Elizabeth has been the queen for more than 40 years and has become one of the most famous women in the world. Lots of people in British believe that she tries hard to understand her people and be a good queen. More than her title, this quality has earned her much love and respect.31. What is Queen Elizabeth II?A. She is the queen of 17 different countries.B. She is the queen of Australia and the USA.C. She is the queen of 16 different countries.D. She is only the queen of the United Kingdom.32. As she grew older, Princess Elizabeth _______.A. broadcast several radio messages.B. went on many tours to South Africa.C. started to take part in British public life.D. stopped playing a part in British public life.33. Who is the most possible to become King or Queen if Queen Elizabeth II dies?A. Prince Andrew.B. Prince Charles.C. Princess Anne.D. Prince Edward.34. Which is the right order of Queen Elizabeth’s life?① Her father died.② She became Queen.③ She married Phillip Mountbatten.④ She broadcast a radio message to all the children of Britain.⑤She traveled to Scotland to visit her mother’s parents every summer.A. ⑤④③②①B. ④⑤③①②C. ⑤④③①②D. ④⑤③②①35. Which of the following is true?A. She talks about her hopes for the future every day.B. Princess Elizabeth became Queen Elizabeth II in 1960.C. She has been on the throne for more than forty years.D. Lots of people in Britain depreciate her.(C)Many animals recognize their food because they see it. So do humans. When you see an apple or a piece of chocolate, you know that these are things you can eat. You can also use other senses when you choose your food.You may like it because it smells good or because it tastes good. You may dislike some types of food because they do not look, smell or taste very nice. Different animals use different senses to find and choose their food. A few animals depend on only one of their senses, while most animals use more than one sense.Although there are many different types of food, some animals spend their lives eating only one type. The giant panda eats only one particular type of bamboo. Other animals eat only one type of food even when given thechoice. A kind of white butterfly will stay on the leaves of a cabbage, even though there are plenty of other vegetables in the garden. However, most animals have a more varied diet. The bear eats fruits and fish. The fox eats small animals, birds and fruits. The diet of these animals will be different depending on the season.Humans have a very varied diet. We often eat food because we like it and not because it is good for us. In countries such as France and Britain, people eat foods with too much sugar. This makes them overweight, which is bad for their health. Eating too much red meat and animal products, such as butter, can also be bad for the health. Choosing the right food, therefore, has become an area of study in modern life.36. What can learn from the passage?A. Humans and animals depend on one sense in choosing food.B. Humans and animals are not satisfied with their food.C. Humans and animals choose food in similar ways.D. Humans and animals eat entirely different food.37. What does the underline word “varied” mean?A. 各种的B. 丰富的C. 好吃的D. 时令的38. Which of the following eats only one type of food?A. The small bird.B. The bear.C. The white butterfly.D. The fox.39. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. Some people have few choices of food.B. Some people care little about healthy diet.C. French and British food is good for health.D. Modern people should spend a lot of time choosing their food.40. What’s the best tile of the passage?A. Like animals, like humansB. The more to choose, the more to eatC. Good choice, healthy dietD. Good taste, good for health(D)GONE WITH THE WINDAuthor: Margaret Mitchell¥25 (in bookstores) ¥18 (online)Gone With the Wind is a best-seller, which tells a story that happened in the American Civil War. Scarlett O’Hara is a woman in the story who is full of energy. She is strong and saves her family but is very selfish at the same time.A LITTLE PRINCESSAuthor: Frances Hodgson Burnett¥18.3 (online)Motherless Sara Cre we was sent home from India to school at Miss Minchin’s. Her father was very rich and she lived a rich and comfortable life. Then her father died and Sara lost everything. She had to learn to do with her changed life. Her strong character made her able to fight successfully against her poverty (贫穷) and the scorn (嘲笑) of her fellows. It’s an excellent book with 4 tapes for children.PETER PANAuthor: J.M Barrie¥15 (in bookstores) ¥12 (online)It is a children’s story full of imagination and adventures, wh ich is about Wendy, John, and Michael Darling’s adventures in Never—Never Land with Peter Pan, the boy who would not grow up. The children are happy and lovely. (with 2 tapes)UNCLE TOM’S CABINAuthor: Harriet Beecher Stowe¥20 (in bookstores)The most f amous novel in American history, Uncle Tom’s Cabin talked about the struggle between free states and slave states during the American Civil War and is as powerful today as when it first came out 150 years ago.THE SECRET GARDENAuthor: Frances Hodgson Burnett¥35 (in bookstores) ¥30 (online)Mary Lennox, a sickly orphan (孤儿), finds herself in her uncle’s dark house. Why are so many rooms locked? Why is one of the gardens locked? And what is that crying she hears at night? Through the power of hope, friendship, and the magic of nature, the brave girl brings the house and a long-lost garden back to life.41. All of the following books have children as their main characters (主角) except _________.A. PETER P ANB. GONE WITH THE WINDC. A. LITTLE PRINCESSD. THE SECRET GARDEN42. We can know from the passage that _________.A. there are only three books with tapesB. we can buy 5 kinds of the above books in bookstoresC. two of the above books are written by Frances Hodgson BurnettD. THE SECRET GARDEN is ¥5 cheaper in bookstores than online43. Mary brings the house and a long-lost garden back to life with the help of _________.a. the power of hopeb. friendshipc. her uncled. nature’s magicA. abcB. acdC. bcdD. abd44. Which of the following about the books is mentioned in this text?A. What Sara did to help her fellowsB. Why Peter Pan wouldn't grow up.C. What kind of woman Scarlett is.D. How Marry Lennox came into her uncle's house.45. This text is most probably taken from a __________.A. newspaperB. science magazineC. storybookD. book guide第二节阅读填空(共5小题,每小题1分,满分5分)阅读短文及文后选项,选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。

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