绿色建筑毕业设计外文翻译
绿色建筑 英文
绿色建筑英文Green BuildingsIntroductionIn recent years, there has been increasing awareness and concern about environmental issues, particularly the impact of human activities on the planet. As a result, the concept of green building has gained significant attention worldwide. Green building, also known as sustainable building or eco-friendly building, refers to the practice of creating structures that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout their lifecycle. In this article, we will explore the importance of green buildings and the benefits they offer.Energy EfficiencyOne of the key principles of green building is energy efficiency. Traditional buildings consume a significant amount of energy for heating, cooling, and lighting. Green buildings, on the other hand, integrate various design elements and technologies to minimize energy consumption. This includes the use of energy-efficient windows and insulation to reduce heat loss or gain, as well as the installation of smart lighting systems that automatically adjust the intensity of lights based on natural daylight. By reducing energy consumption, green buildings not only contribute to a more sustainable future but also lead to substantial cost savings for property owners.Water ConservationAnother crucial aspect of green building is water conservation. Freshwater scarcity is a global issue, and traditional buildings often waste significant amounts of water through inefficient plumbing systems and excessive irrigation. Green buildings incorporate water-saving fixtures such as low-flow toilets and faucets, as well as rainwater harvesting systems. These measures help reduce water usage and reliance on municipal water supplies. Additionally, green buildings utilize landscaping techniques that minimize the need for irrigation, such as native plants that are adapted to local climate conditions. By conserving water, green buildings address water scarcity concerns and support sustainable water management practices.Materials and ResourcesGreen buildings prioritize the use of sustainable materials and resources. Traditional construction methods often involve the extraction of raw materials that are non-renewable and environmentally damaging. In contrast, green buildings emphasize the use of sustainable materials, such as recycled or reclaimed materials, as well as those with low carbon footprints. Additionally, green buildings promote waste reduction through effective recycling strategies and construction practices that minimize material waste. By using sustainable materials and minimizing waste, green buildings contribute to the conservation of natural resources and reduce the environmental impact of the construction industry.Indoor Environmental QualityGreen buildings prioritize the health and well-being of occupants through the enhancement of indoor environmental quality. Traditional buildings may have poor ventilation systems, leading to the accumulation ofpollutants and a decrease in air quality. Green buildings, however, promote the use of efficient ventilation systems that provide a constant supply of fresh air, as well as the use of low-VOC (volatile organic compounds) materials to minimize the release of harmful chemicals. These measures improve the air quality within buildings, leading to better occupant health and productivity. Additionally, green buildings prioritize natural lighting and views of the outdoors, creating environments that enhance mental well-being and overall comfort.ConclusionGreen building is a critical approach to address environmental and sustainability challenges. By integrating energy efficiency, water conservation, sustainable materials, and indoor environmental quality, green buildings contribute to a more sustainable future. Moreover, they provide economic benefits through reduced energy and water costs. As awareness of environmental issues continues to grow, the adoption of green building practices becomes increasingly crucial in creating a healthier and more sustainable built environment for future generations.。
外文翻译---绿色建筑概述
Green Building General State1.The background of green building:Present society the theory of sustainable development have permeated every aspect of human social development, how to can promote the economic development of human society to again solve the problem of environmental protection have also become people broad is the problem of solicitude one. sustainable development ask the development of society economy must restrict in the environment and resource of the earth can bear ability in. well-known, in recent years mankind in economy develop fast at the same time, bring environmental resource consume rapidly and atmosphere 2 C0 plenty of increases, so make atmospheric temperature go up , cause global climate to warm , the damage of ozonosphere, the damage of as well as natural landscape and so on. nowadays mention extensively green building system only put forward according to this problem. Forestation construction is that the opinion that uses ecology ( Ecological thinking) come to working space and the life of creation people. So, create to come out, healthy and comfortable space, not only, do not increase investment , can have energy-saving function actually more and reduce operation cost, and the production efficiency of improvement space user.2. the environmental problem of green buildingIt can offer the comfortable indoor environment that has safety , should at the same time have if so-called green building is not only wanted with natural environment the good building external environment of harmonious appearance.Green building consider local climate, building form and use square work , facility condition , construct process, housing materials and use manage the influence for external environment, as well as comfortable, healthy internal environment, at the same time consider investment person and user , design , install , run , the interests of maintenance technician, change speech may lasting design and good environment and is benefited should have balance between 3 user , well move mutual concern reach the forestation effect .. of optimization Green building is only that the energy of difference and the demand of difference between the coordinative internal and external environment and user and balance of starting point is relied onwith this viewpoint level reaches the nature of building and environment , is melted with.2. 1 The indoor environment of green buildingsGreen building emphasize indoor environment , because the thought of main stream of air-condition circle is want to strive for a relation of balance in between external environment, for internal environment for health , comfortable and building user produce efficiency, show the demand of difference.Temperature problemFirst hot comfortable obvious influence work efficiency. the air-condition system of tradition can maintain indoor temperature, however, in last few years study show , indoor reach absolute comfortable, cause easily " air-condition disease " problem, consume plenty of energies just, increase freon for the damage of ozonosphere。
绿色建筑英文作文
绿色建筑英文作文Green buildings are becoming more and more popular nowadays. People are paying more attention to environmental protection, and green buildings can help reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions.One of the key features of green buildings is energy efficiency. They are designed to use less energy for heating, cooling, and lighting, which can help save money and reduce environmental impact.In addition to energy efficiency, green buildings also focus on using sustainable materials. These materials are often recycled or renewable, and they can help reduce the overall environmental impact of the building.Another important aspect of green buildings is water efficiency. They are designed to use water more efficiently, which can help reduce water waste and protect local water resources.Furthermore, green buildings often incorporate green spaces, such as rooftop gardens or indoor plants. These green spaces can improve air quality, provide natural insulation, and create a more pleasant environment for building occupants.Overall, green buildings are not only good for the environment, but also for the people who live or work in them. They can help reduce energy costs, improve indoor air quality, and create a healthier and more sustainable living and working environment.。
green building 外文文献翻译
外文文献：Green buildingGreen building (also known as green construction or sustainable building) refers to a structure and using process that is environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from sitting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition. This requires close cooperation of the design team, the architects, the engineers, and the client at all project stages. The Green Building practice expands and complements the classical building design concerns of economy, utility, durability, and comfort.Although new technologies are constantly being developed to complement current practices in creating greener structures, the common objective is that green buildings are designed to reduce the overall impact of the built environment on human health and the natural environment by:Efficiently using energy, water, and other resourcesProtecting occupant health and improving employee productivityReducing waste, pollution and environmental degradationA similar concept is natural building, which is usually on a smaller scale and tends to focus on the use of natural materials that are available locally. Other related topics include sustainable design and green architecture. Sustainability may be defined as meeting the needs of present generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. Although some green building programs don't address the issue of the retrofitting existing homes, others do. Green construction principles can easily be applied to retrofit work as well as new construction.A 2009 report by the U.S. General Services Administration found 12 sustainably designed buildings cost less to operate and have excellent energy performance. In addition, occupants were more satisfied with the overall building than those in typical commercial buildings.Green building practices aim to reduce the environmental impact of buildings, so the very first rule is: the greenest building is the building that doesn't get built. New construction almost always degrades a building site, so not building is preferable to building. The second rule is: every building should be as small as possible. The third rule is: do not contribute to sprawl (the tendency for cities to spread out in a disordered fashion). No matter how much grass you put onyour roof, no matter how many energy-efficient windows, etc., you use, if you 1 contribute to sprawl, you've just defeated your purpose. Urban infill sites are preferable to suburban "Greenfield" sites.Buildings account for a large amount of land. According to the National Resources Inventory, approximately 107 million acres (430,000 km2) of land in the United States are developed. The International Energy Agency released a publication that estimated that existing buildings are responsible for more than 40% of the world’s total primary energy consumption and for 24% of global carbon dioxide emissions.The concept of sustainable development can be traced to the energy (especially fossil oil) crisis and the environment pollution concern in the 1970s. The green building movement in the U.S. originated from the need and desire for more energy efficient and environmentally friendly construction practices. There are a number of motives for building green, including environmental, economic, and social benefits. However, modern sustainability initiatives call for an integrated and synergistic design to both new construction and in theretrofiring of existing structures. Also known as sustainable design, this approach integrates the building life-cycle with each green practice employed with a design-purpose to create a synergy among the practices used.Green building brings together a vast array of practices, techniques, and skills to reduce and ultimately eliminate the impacts of buildings on the environment and human health. It often emphasizes taking advantage resources, e.g., using sunlight through passive solar, active solar, and photovoltaic techniques and using plants and trees through green roofs, rain gardens, and reduction of rainwater run-off. Many other techniques are used, such as using wood as a building material, or using packed gravel or permeable concrete instead of conventional concrete or asphalt to enhance replenishment of ground water.While the practices, or technologies, employed in green building are constantly evolving and may differ from region to region, fundamental principles persist from which the method is derived: Sitting and Structure Design Efficiency, Energy Efficiency, Water Efficiency, Materials Efficiency, Indoor Environmental Quality Enhancement, Operations and Maintenance Optimization, and Waste and Toxics Reduction. The essence of green building is an optimizationof one or more of these principles. Also, with the proper synergistic design, individual green building technologies may work together to produce a greater cumulative effect.On the aesthetic side of green architecture or sustainable design is the philosophy of designing a building that is in harmony with the natural features and resources surrounding the site. There are several key steps in designing sustainable buildings: specify 'green' building materials from local sources, reduce loads, optimize systems, and generate on-site renewable energy.The foundation of any construction project is rooted in the concept and design stages. The concept stage, in fact, is one of the major steps in a project life cycle, as it has the largest impact on cost and performance. In designing environmentally optimal buildings, the objective is to minimize the total environmental impact associated with all life-cycle stages of the building project. However, building as a process is not as streamlined as an industrial process, and varies from one building to the other, never repeating itself identically. In addition, buildings are much more complex products, composed of a multitude of materials and components each constituting various design variables to be decided at the design stage. A variation of every design variable may affect the environment during all the building's relevant life-cycle stages.Green buildings often include measures to reduce energy consumption – both the embodied energy required to extract, process, transport and install building materials and operating energy to provide services such as heating and power for equipment.As high-performance buildings use less operating energy, embodied energy has assumed much greater importance – and may make up as much as 30% of the overall life cycle energy consumption. Studies such as the U.S. LCI Database Project show buildings built primarily with wood will have a lower embodied energy than those built primarily with brick, concrete or steel.To reduce operating energy use, designers use details that reduce air leakage through the building envelope (the barrier between conditioned and unconditioned space). They also specify high-performance windows and extra insulation in walls, ceilings, and floors. Another strategy, passive solar building design, is often implemented in low-energy homes. Designers orient windows and walls and place awnings, porches, and trees to shade windows and roofs during the summer while maximizing solar gain in the winter. In addition, effective window placement(daylighting) can provide more natural light and lessen the need for electric lighting during the day.Onsite generation of renewable energy through solar power, wind power, hydro power, or biomass can significantly reduce the environmental impact of the building. Power generation is generally the most expensive feature to add to a building.Reducing water consumption and protecting water quality are key objectives in sustainable building. One critical issue of water consumption is that in many areas, the demands on the supplying aquifer exceed its ability to replenish itself. To the maximum extent feasible, facilities should increase their dependence on water that is collected, used, purified, and reused on-site. The protection and conservation of water throughout the life of a building may be accomplished by designing for dual plumbing that recycles water in toilet flushing. Waste-water may be minimized by utilizing water conserving fixtures such as ultra-low flush toilets and low-flow shower heads. Bidets help eliminate the use of toilet paper, reducing sewer traffic and increasing possibilities of re-using water on-site. Point of use water treatment and heating improves both water quality and energy efficiency while reducing the amount of water in circulation. The use of non-sewage and grey water for on-site use such as site-irrigation will minimize demands on the local aquifer.Building materials typically considered to be 'green' include lumber from forests that have been certified to a third-party forest standard, rapidly renewable plant materials like bamboo and straw, dimension stone, recycled stone, recycled metal (see: copper sustainability and recyclability), and other products that are non-toxic, reusable, renewable, and/or recyclable (e.g., Trass, Linoleum, sheep wool, panels made from paper flakes, compressed earth block, adobe, baked earth, rammed earth, clay, vermiculite, flax linen, sisal, sea grass, cork, expanded clay grains, coconut, wood fibre plates, calcium sand stone, concrete (high and ultra high performance, roman self-healing concrete, etc.) The EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) also suggests using recycled industrial goods, such as coal combustion products, foundry sand, and demolition debris in construction projects Building materials should be extracted and manufactured locally to the building site to minimize the energy embedded in their transportation. Where possible, building elements should be manufactured off-site and delivered to site, to maximise benefits of off-site manufacture including minimising waste, maximising recycling (because manufacture isin one location), high quality elements, better OHS management, less noise and dust. Energy efficient building materials and appliances are promoted in the United States through energy rebate programs, which are increasingly communicated to consumers through energy rebate database services such as GreenOhm.The Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) category in LEED standards, one of the five environmental categories, was created to provide comfort, well-being, and productivity of occupants. The LEED IEQ category addresses design and construction guidelines especially: indoor air quality (IAQ), thermal quality, and lighting quality.Indoor Air Quality seeks to reduce volatile organic compounds, or VOCs, and other air impurities such as microbial contaminants. Buildings rely on a properly designed ventilation system (passively/naturally or mechanically powered) to provide adequate ventilation of cleaner air from outdoors or recirculated, filtered air as well as isolated operations (kitchens, dry cleaners, etc.) from other occupancies. During the design and construction process choosing construction materials and interior finish products with zero or low VOC emissions will improve IAQ. Most building materials and cleaning/maintenance products emit gases, some of them toxic, such as many VOCs including formaldehyde. These gases can have a detrimental impact on occupants' health, comfort, and productivity. Avoiding these products will increase a building's IEQ. LEED. HQE and Green Star contain specifications on use of low-emitting interior. Draft LEED 2012 is about to expand the scope of the involved products. BREEA Mlimits formaldehyde emissions, no other VOCs.Also important to indoor air quality is the control of moisture accumulation (dampness) leading to mold growth and the presence of bacteria and viruses as well as dust mites and other organisms and microbiological concerns. Water intrusion through a building's envelope or water condensing on cold surfaces on the building's interior can enhance and sustain microbial growth.A well-insulated and tightly sealed envelope will reduce moisture problems but adequate ventilation is also necessary to eliminate moisture from sources indoors including human metabolic processes, cooking, bathing, cleaning, and other activities.Personal temperature and airflow control over the HVAC system coupled with a properly designed building envelope will also aid in increasing a building's thermal quality. Creating ahigh performance luminous environment through the careful integration of daylight and electrical light sources will improve on the lighting quality and energy performance of a structure.Solid wood products, particularly flooring, are often specified in environments where occupants are known to have allergies to dust or other particulates. Wood itself is considered to be hypo-allergenic and its smooth surfaces prevent the buildup of particles common in soft finishes like carpet. The Asthma and Allergy Foundation of American recommends hardwood, vinyl, linoleum tile or slate flooring instead of carpet. The use of wood products can also improve air quality by absorbing or releasing moisture in the air to moderate humidity.No matter how sustainable a building may have been in its design and construction, it can only remain so if it is operated responsibly and maintained properly. Ensuring operations and maintenance(O&M) personnel are part of the project's planning and development process will help retain the green criteria designed at the onset of the project. Every aspect of green building is integrated into the O&M phase of a building's life. The addition of new green technologies also falls on the O&M staff. Although the goal of waste reduction may be applied during the design, construction and demolition phases of a building's life-cycle, it is in the O&M phase that green practices such as recycling and air quality enhancement take place. Waste reduction Green architecture also seeks to reduce waste of energy, water and materials used during construction. For example, in California nearly 60% of the state's waste comes from commercial buildings. During the construction phase, one goal should be to reduce the amount of material going to landfills. Well-designed buildings also help reduce the amount of waste generated by the occupants as well, by providing on-site solutions such as compost bins to reduce matter going to landfills.To reduce the amount of wood that goes to landfill, Neutral Alliance (a coalition of government, NGOs and the forest industry) created the website . The site includes a variety of resources for regulators, municipalities, developers, contractors, owner/operators and individuals/homeowners looking for information on wood recycling.When buildings reach the end of their useful life, they are typically demolished and hauled to landfills. Deconstruction is a method of harvesting what is commonly considered "waste" and reclaiming it into useful building material. Extending the useful life of a structure also reduceswaste – building materials such as wood that are light and easy to work with make renovations easier.To reduce the impact on wells or water treatment plants, several options exist. "Grey water", wastewater from sources such as dishwashing or washing machines, can be used for subsurface irrigation, or if treated, for non-potable purposes, e.g., to flush toilets and wash cars. Rainwater collectors are used for similar purposes.Centralized wastewater treatment systems can be costly and use a lot of energy. An alternative to this process is converting waste and wastewater into fertilizer, which avoids these costs and shows other benefits. By collecting human waste at the source and running it to a semi-centralized biogas plant with other biological waste, liquid fertilizer can be produced. This concept was demonstrated by a settlement in Lubeck Germany in the late 1990s. Practices like these provide soil with organic nutrients and create carbon sinks that remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, offsetting greenhouse gas emission. Producing artificial fertilizer is also more costly in energy than this process.中文译文：绿色建筑绿色建筑（也被称为绿色建筑或可持续建筑）是指一个结构和使用的过程，是对环境负责和资源节约型整个建筑物的循环生活：从选址到设计，施工，运行，维护，改造和拆迁。
可持续建筑(绿色建筑)外文翻译文献
文献信息：文献标题：Issues in Sustainable Architecture and Possible Solutions （可持续建筑中的问题及可能的解决方案）国外作者：Fatima Ghani文献出处：《International Journal of Civil & Environmental Engineering》,2012,12（1）,p21-24字数统计：英文1985单词，11317字符；中文3460汉字外文文献：Issues in Sustainable Architecture and Possible Solutions Abstract—The growing concern with environmental and ecological conditions have led to the discussion/search for ‘energy conscious’, ‘Eco friendly’, ‘energy efficient’ building designs. For the better growth of the future, keeping in view the environment related issues, the first objective of the designer is sustainable development i.e. environmentally compatible building designs. Sustainable architecture also referred as green architecture is a design that uses natural building materials e.g. earth, wood, stone etc (not involving pollution in its treatment) that are energy efficient and that make little or no impact on the nature of a site and its resources. This paper discusses issues related to Sustainable/environmental architecture. It also considers possible solutions related to these issues.Index Terms—Sustainable, Green, Architecture, Building, Design. Efficiency.I. INTRODUCTIONThe words "Green", "Ecological" and "Sustainable" are terms used by environmentalists to indicate modes of practice. From global economics to household features these practices minimize our impact on the environment and generate a healthy place of living. In a deeper sense the words involve as to what can be done to heal andregenerate the earth's ability to bear life.A.Principles of Environmentally Oriented DesignIn Architecture there are many ways a building may be "green" and respond to the growing environmental problems of our planet. Sustainable architecture can be practiced still maintaining efficiency, beauty, layouts and cost effectiveness. There are five basic areas of an environmentally oriented design. They are Healthy Interior Environment, Energy Efficiency, Ecological Building Materials, Building Form and Good Design.• Healthy Interior Environment: It has to be well insured that building materials and systems used do not emit toxic unhealthy gases and substances in the built spaces. Further extra cars and measures are to be taken to provide maximum levels of fresh air and adequate ventilation to the interior environment.• Energy Efficiency: It has to be well ensured that the building's use of energy is minimized. The various HV AC systems and methods of construction etc. should be so designed that energy consumption is minimal.• Ecological Building Materials: As far as possible the use of building materials should be from renewable sources having relatively safe sources of production.• Building Form: The building form should respond to the site, region, climate and the materials available thereby generating a harmony between the inhabitants and the surroundings.• Good Design: Structure & Material and Aesthetics are the basic parameters of defining design. They should be so integrated that the final outcome is a well built, convenient and a beautiful living space.These principles of environmentally oriented design comprise yet another meaningful and environmental building approach called Green or Sustainable design. Architects should use their creativity and perception to correlate these principles to generate locally appropriate strategies, materials and methods keeping in mind that every region should employ different green strategies.B. DefinitionSustainability means 'to hold' up or 'to support from below'. It refers to the abilityof a society, ecosystem or any such ongoing system, to continue functioning into the indefinite future (without being forced into decline through exhaustion of key resources).Sustainable architecture involves a combination of values: aesthetic, environmental, social, political and moral. It's about one's perception and technical knowledge to engage in a central aspect of the practice i.e. to design and build in harmony with the environment. It is the duty of an architect to think rationally about a combination of issues like sustainability, durability, longevity, appropriate materials and sense of place.The present environmental conditions have led to the discussion/search for ‘energy conscious’, ‘Eco friendly’,‘energy efficient’ building designs. For the better growth of the future, keeping in view the environment related issues, the first objective of the designer is a sustainable development i.e. environmentally compatible. This paper discusses issues related to Sustainable/environmental architecture. The main focus of the paper is on sustainable architecture - its need, solutions and impact on the future.II. NEEDS AND ISSUESThe ecological crisis today is very serious and till date much of the debate still focuses on the symptoms rather than the causes. As a result there is an urgent need to emphasize and workout the best possible approach towards environmental protection thereby minimizing further degradation.Architecture presents a unique challenge in the field of sustainability. Construction projects typically consume large amounts of materials, produce tons of waste, and often involve weighing the preservation of buildings that have historical significance against the desire for the development of newer, more modern designs. Sustainable development is one such measure, which presents an approach that can largely contribute to environmental protection. A striking balance between Environmental protection and Sustainable development is a difficult and delicate task.Sustainable design is the thoughtful integration of architecture with electrical,mechanical, and structural engineering. In addition to concern for the traditional aesthetics of massing, proportion, scale, texture, shadow, and light, the facility design team needs to be concerned with long term costs: environmental, economic, and human as shown in Figure 1.III. CONCEPT AND RELEV ANCE OF SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE In the present day scenario the idea and concept of Sustainable Architecture/Development is relevant in the light of the following two aspects:a) Ecological and Environmental crisisb) Imminent disasters and their managementSome of the major causes, which greatly contribute to these two aspects, can be listed as:• Rapid Urbanization and Industrialization:The consequences of this can further lead to Population explosion, Geological deposits of sewage and garbage, Unsustainable patterns of living & development, Environmental degradation (pollution of air, water, soil etc, food web disruption). Thus sustainable urban development is crucial to improve the lives of urban populations and the remainder of the planet. Both people and ecosystems impacted upon by their activities.• Natural Calamities:Natural calamities like volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, flood, famine etc. which are being further aggravated by mankind add to the list of other ill effects like atomicexplosion, green house effect, ozone depletion etc. Sustainable design attempts to have an understanding of the natural processes as well as the environmental impact of the design. Making natural cycles and processes visible, bring the designed environment back to life.• Depletion of Non-renewable sources:Rapid depletion of non-renewable sources is leading to serious issues related to energy & water conservation etc. Thus the rational use of natural resources and appropriate management of the building stock can contribute to saving scarce resources, reducing energy consumption and improving environmental quality.IV. SOLUTIONSA. Sustainable ConstructionSustainable construction is defined as "the creation and responsible management of a healthy built environment based on resource efficient and ecological principles". Sustainable designed buildings aim to lessen their impact on our environment through energy and resource efficiency."Sustainable building" may be defined as building practices, which strive for integral quality (including economic, social and environmental performance) in a very broad way. Thus, the rational use of natural resources and appropriate management of the building stock will contribute to saving scarce resources, reducing energy consumption (energy conservation), and improving environmental quality.Sustainable building involves considering the entire life cycle of buildings, taking environmental quality, functional quality and future values into account environmental initiatives of the construction sector and the demands of users are key factors in the market. Governments will be able to give a considerable impulse to sustainable buildings by encouraging these developments. Further the various energy related issues during the different phases in the construction of buildings can be understood with respect to the chart shown in Figure2.B. Environmentally Friendly HousesFollowing the five basic principles of environmentally oriented design can lead to the construction of what can be called as Environmentally Friendly House. An environmentally friendly house is designed and built to be in tune with its occupants, nature, environment and ecosystem. It is designed and built according to the region it is located in, keeping in mind the climate, material, availability and building practices. The basic areas of design need to be considered at this stage can be listed as: • Orientation• Reduce Energy Gain or Loss• Lighting• Responsible Landscaping• Waste Management• External VentilationC. Green BuildingA green building places a high priority on health, environmental and resource conservation performance over its life cycle. These new priorities expand and complement the classical building design concerns: economy, utility, durability and delight. Green design emphasize a number of new environmental, resource and occupant health concerns:• Reduce human exposure to noxious materials.• Conserve non-renewable energy and scarce materials.• Minimize life cycle ecological impact of energy and materials used.• Use renewable energy and materials that are sustainable harvested.• Protect and restore local air, water, soil, flora & fauna• Support pedestrian, bicycles, mass transit and other alternatives to fossil-fueled vehicles.Most green buildings are high quality buildings they last longer, cost less to operate and maintain and provide greater occupant satisfaction than standard development.D. Green Roofs & Porous PavementsAs already discussed the rapid urbanization and industrialization is resulting in extensive deforestation as a result the green areas are being covered with pavements and concrete. The rainwater that naturally seeps through land covered with vegetation and trees now just runoff, thereby leading to a major environmental imbalance in terms of groundwater. This problem can be solved to a great extent with the help of the construction of Green Roofs and Porous Pavements.Green roofs & porous pavements present a unique method of ground water conservation. Vegetation to hold water on rooftops, and pavement that lets it percolate in the ground are some of the latest ways that can save water tables. Visually what might come across may be a roof sprouted with plants and a parking lot that drains water like a sieve-probably the latest in groundwater conservation.E. Building MaterialsTons of materials including timber go into building construction. There are three principal approaches to improve the material efficiency of building construction: • Reducing the amount of material used in construction.• Using recycled materials that otherwise would have been waste.• Reducing waste generation in the construction process.Further as far as possible sustainable harvested building materials and finishes should be used with low toxicity in manufacturing and installation.V. CONCLUSIONSSustainability often is defined as meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. A growing number of people are committed to reaching this goal by modifying patterns of development and consumption to reduce demand on natural resource supplies and help preserve environmental quality. Achieving greater sustainability in the field of construction is particularly important, because building construction consumes more energy and resources than any other economic activity. Not only does a home represent the largest financial investment a family is likely to make, but it also represents the most resource- and energy-intensive possession most people will ever own. Making homes more sustainable, then, has a tremendous potential to contribute to the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Sustainable housing design is a multifaceted concept, embracing:• Affordability• Marketability• Appropriate design• Resource efficiency• Energy efficiency• Durability• Comfort• HealthAs a developed society we should not undermine our resource base, the assimilative capacity of our surroundings or the biotic stocks on which our future depends. As a sustainable society our efforts should consist of a long-term and integrated approach to developing and achieving a healthy community. We should realize that the problems associated with sustainable development are global as a result the issues need worldwide attention. If we work together we can bring change faster.中文译文：可持续建筑中的问题及可能的解决方案摘要——越来越多地关注环境和生态条件已经引起了人们对“节能意识”、“友好生态”、“高效节能”的建筑设计的讨论和探索。
绿色建筑英文
绿色建筑英文Green BuildingIntroduction:Green building, also known as sustainable building, is a concept that has gained significant attention in recent years. It emphasizes the use of environmentally friendly materials, energy-efficient designs, and sustainable construction practices. Green buildings aim to reduce their overall impact on the environment while promoting a healthier and more sustainable living or working space. This article explores the importance and benefits of green building in the modern world.1. Environmental Impact:Traditional buildings often have a negative impact on the environment. They consume large amounts of energy, produce significant waste, and contribute towards global warming. In contrast, green buildings minimize their carbon footprint by utilizing renewable energy sources, optimizing energy efficiency, and implementing effective waste management systems. By reducing energy consumption and waste generation, green buildings play a crucial role in mitigating climate change and preserving the ecosystems.2. Energy Efficiency:One of the fundamental principles of green building is energy efficiency. Various strategies and technologies are employed to minimize energy consumption in green buildings. These include using high-performance insulation, efficient heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC)systems, as well as using natural lighting and renewable energy sources such as solar or wind. Energy-efficient buildings not only reduce carbon emissions but also lower energy bills for the occupants, leading to long-term savings.3. Water Conservation:Another important aspect of green building is water conservation. Traditional buildings consume vast amounts of water for activities such as irrigation, washing, and sanitation. Green buildings incorporate water-efficient fixtures, rainwater harvesting systems, and greywater recycling to minimize water usage. Additionally, sustainable landscaping techniques, such as using native plants, can reduce the need for excessive watering. Conserving water in buildings helps to preserve this precious resource and ensure its availability for future generations.4. Indoor Air Quality:Green buildings prioritize the health and well-being of occupants by focusing on indoor air quality. Traditional buildings often suffer from poor ventilation, which can lead to the accumulation of pollutants and allergens, causing various health issues. Green buildings are designed to maximize natural ventilation, use low VOC (volatile organic compound) materials, and implement effective air filtration systems. These measures promote better indoor air quality, reducing the risk of respiratory problems and allergies.5. Material Efficiency:Green buildings emphasize the use of environmentally friendly and sustainable materials. This includes using recycled or locally sourcedmaterials, as well as opting for renewable resources. Additionally, green buildings strive to reduce waste during construction and demolition by employing efficient construction practices such as modular construction or deconstruction. By minimizing the consumption of resources and reducing waste generation, green buildings contribute to a more sustainable construction industry.Conclusion:Green building is a crucial approach to addressing various environmental challenges we face today. By promoting energy efficiency, conserving water, improving indoor air quality, and utilizing sustainable materials, green buildings minimize their negative impact on the environment. Moreover, they provide healthier and more comfortable living and working spaces while reducing operating costs for occupants. As the importance of sustainability continues to grow, green building practices should be embraced and encouraged on a larger scale, contributing to a more sustainable future for generations to come.。
打造绿色建筑,打造乡村旅游新模式外文翻译大学论文
浙江师范大学本科毕业设计(论文)外文翻译文献：Francesca D’Alessandro .Green Building for a Green Tourism. A New Model ofEco-friendly Agritourism[J].Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia，2016（8）：201-210译文：打造绿色建筑，打造乡村旅游新模式摘要：这篇论文强调了重视和推广坎帕尼亚区域的乡村旅游的重要性，强调打造绿色乡村对于可持续发展和增强竞争力的重要性。
文章就如何打造自然、环保、富有文化气息的景观建筑并合理开发提出了一些观点和有价值的建议。
乡村旅游不仅促使我们价值感悟，回归传统文化,而且它也引起我们对乡村建筑和景观建筑的关注和兴趣。
乡村旅游的推广是对健康的一份关爱, 是对生命欣喜的表达，而且有利于提升空气和水源质量。
绿色乡村里有真正绿色并且健康的食物，并且有带给我们满足和放松的源泉的自然景观。
绿色建筑意味着以人民幸福为目标，环境保护在促进个人心理和生理健康、社会经济和环保平衡中扮演了重要角色。
乡村旅游的理想模型旨在环境友好和美好景观的内涵中推动有创造力的实践活动，保护自然和历史建筑，鼓励农场和乡村旅行住宿服务建筑可持续发展。
关键词：乡村旅游；绿色建筑；原型；农业旅游1 引言“像音乐和文章一样，建筑也是一种语言。
像音乐和文章的作用一样，建筑起着沟通的作用，它永远在我们身边，在我们的生命中陪伴着我们，我们离不开它。
像音乐和文章那样，一个好的建筑使我们的生活更美好，但有太多糟糕的建筑剥削者我们的环境。
不喜欢的音乐，我们可以决定不听，不喜欢的书，我们可以不看，但是建筑不由得我们关闭或合上。
正统建筑的质量不能够被编码，或仔细斟酌，它是文化、文明、个人和集体意识共同的产物。
相反的是，建筑的可持续性是技术发展到足够精确乃至可供我们控制选择的程度的结果。
绿色建筑术语英文翻译2
绿色建筑术语的英文翻译以下是绿色建筑术语的英文翻译：1. 绿色建筑：Green Building2. 节能：Energy Efficiency3. 低碳：Low Carbon4. 可再生能源：Renewable Energy5. 零排放：Zero Emission6. 生态：Ecological7. 可持续发展：Sustainable Development8. 资源高效利用：Resource Efficient Use9. 自然采光：Natural Lighting10. 自然通风：Natural Ventilation11. 绿色材料：Green Materials12. 建筑节能：Building Energy Efficiency13. 建筑能效：Building Energy Performance14. 建筑环境：Built Environment15. 绿色生态设计：Green Ecological Design16. 绿色建筑认证：Green Building Certification17. 生命周期评估：Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)18. 能效标准：Energy Efficiency Standards19. 生态足迹：Ecological Footprint20. 可再生能源系统：Renewable Energy Systems21. 低碳交通：Low Carbon Mobility22. 绿色屋顶：Green Roofs23. 绿色建筑标准：Green Building Standards24. 绿色建筑评价体系：Green Building Evaluation System25. 生态城市：Eco-city26. 节能建筑：Energy-saving Buildings27. 可再生能源利用：Renewable Energy Utilization28. 被动式节能设计：Passive Energy-saving Design29. 能耗监测系统：Energy Monitoring System30. 可再生能源证书：Renewable Energy Certificate (REC)31. 碳足迹：Carbon Footprint32. 节能减排：Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction33. 绿色办公楼：Green Office Buildings34. 绿色工业建筑：Green Industrial Buildings35. 绿色校园：Green Campuses36. 环境友好型建筑：Environmentally Friendly Buildings37. 低影响开发（LID）：Low Impact Development (LID)38. 智能建筑管理系统（BMS）：Intelligent Building Management System (BMS)39. 能效标识制度：Energy Efficiency Labelling Scheme40. 绿色建材市场：Green Building Materials Market41. 绿色建筑补贴政策：Green Building Subsidy Policies42. 可再生能源项目融资：Renewable Energy Project Financing43. 能效审计与咨询服务：Energy Audit and Consulting Services44. 环境影响评估（EIA）：Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)45. 能效标准与标识（ES）：Energy Efficiency Standards and Labelling (ES)46. 能效性能等级（ERP）：Energy Performance Rating (ERP)47. 能效设备认证（EEI）：Energy Efficiency Equipment Identification (EEI) Labeling Scheme。
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########## 大学本科毕业设计外文资料译文年级：2008级学号：20087221 *名：**专业：铁道工程指导老师：2012年6月原文：Green BuildingAbstract: Green building refers to doing its best to maximize conservation of resources (energy, land, water, and wood)，protecting the environment and reducing pollution in its life cycle. Providing people with healthy, appropriate and efficient use of space, and nature in harmony symbiosis buildings. I described more details of green building design’ notion, green building’ design, as well as the significance of the concept of green building and improving the effectiveness analysis of the external effects of green building measures,Key words: green buildings; protect the ecology; signification ; analysing the effects1.What is a green buildingGreen building refers to building life cycle, the maximum conservation of resources (energy, land, water and materials), protecting the environment and reducing pollution, providing people with healthy, appropriate and efficient use of space, and nature harmony of the building. The so-called green building "green" does not mean a general sense of three-dimensional green, roof garden, but represents a concept or symbol, refers to building environmentally and friendly, makes full use of natural resources, environment and basic ecological damage to the environment without balance of a building under construction, but also known as sustainable building, eco-building, back into the wild construction, energy saving construction.Green building interior layout is very reasonable, to minimize the use of synthetic materials, full use of the sun, saves energy for the residents and creates almost-natural feeling.People, architectures and the natural environment for the harmonious development goals, in the use of natural and artificial means to create good conditions and healthy living environment, as much as possible to control and reduce the use anddestruction of the natural environment, to fully reflect the nature obtain and return balance.2. the meaning of green buildingThe basic connotation of green building can be summarized as: to reduce the load on the environment architecture, which saves energy and resources; provides a safe, healthy, comfortable living space with goods; affinity with the natural environment, so that people and building's coexistence with the environment and sustainable development becomes harmonious .3.Development of the significance of green building rating system Establish green building rating system is a revolution in the field of architecture and the Enlightenment, its far more than energy savings. It is innovative in many ways and organic synthesis, thereby building in harmony with nature, full utilization of resources and energy, create healthy, comfortable and beautiful living space. It's revolutionary for the field of architecture from the technical, social and economic angles.3.1 Technical SignificanceGreen building study of early technical problems of individual-based, technology is isolated and one-sided, not formed an organic whole, the integration of design and economic study of consciousness is far from the only strategy of economic analysis phase of the subsidiary's knowledge . However, individual technical research results of early modern green building techniques for the multi-dimensional development and systems integration will lay a solid foundation. Since the nineties of the 20th century, with the understanding of green building gradually deepen and mature, people give up way too utopian thinking environmental consciousness and moral constraints and spontaneous green behavior, turned to explore more workable environmental philosophy, environmental and capital combined into the future world with the new direction of development of environmental protection, green building has entered a result of ecological ethics from the practice of promoting ecological research to deepen the new stage. Green Building Technology takes on the natural science, social science, humanities, computer science, information science and other subjects the trend ofintegration of research results, making green building design into the multi-dimensional stage of development strategy study. The deepening of green building technology strategy and development in materials, equipment, morphology and so on. Various advanced fields, in technology development, technology and other design elements of the integration is also starting from the past the simple addition, more attention to the periphery of the retaining structure itself design technology and architecture to combine the overall system change, gradually becoming green building systems. Green building rating system was established green building technologies gradually improve and systematize the inevitable result, it is the organic integration of green building technology, a platform built to green building technology, information technology, computer technology and many other subjects can be a unified platform in their respective roles, the establishment of a comprehensive evaluation system for designers, planners, engineers and managers a more simple, Guizhangmingque green building assessment tools and design guidelines with clear rule.3.2 The social significance.Green building rating system reflects the social significance of the main advocates of the new way of life, heightened awareness and public participation in the continuation of local culture are two aspects.To promote a healthy lifestyle. Green building rating system, the social significance of the primary advocate a healthy lifestyle, which is based on the design and construction of green buildings as a community education process. The principles of green building rating system is the effective use of resources and ecological rules to follow, based on the health of building space to create and maintain sustainable development. The concept of the past to correct people's misconceptions about consumer lifestyles, that can not blindly pursue material luxury, but should keep the environment under the premise of sustainable use of modest comfort to pursue life. From the fundamental terms, construction is to meet human needs built up of material goods as people's lifestyle is not sustainable when, the value of green building itselfwill be reduced, but only had a real social need When the requirements of sustainable development and way of life that matches the green building to achieve the best results.Enhanced awareness of public participation. Green Building Rating system is not a monopoly for the design staff of professional tools, but for planners, designers, engineers, managers, developers, property owners, jointly owned by the public and other assessment tools. It brokes the previous professional development of the monopoly to encourage the participation of the public and other public officers. Through public participation, the introduction of architects and other building users, the construction of dialogue participants, making the original design process dominated by the architect becomes more open. Proved the involvement of various views and a good help to create a dynamic culture, embody social justice community.3.3 The economic significance.Green building rating system, the economic significance can be divided into macro and micro levels. At the macro level, the green building rating system from the system life-cycle perspective, the green building design integrated into the economic issues involved in the production from the building materials, design, construction, operation, resource use, waste disposal, recycling of demolition until the natural resources the whole process. Economic considerations of green building is no longer limited to the design process itself, while the policy extended to the design of the narrow role to play to support the policy level, including the establishment of "green labeling" system, improving the construction environmental audit and management system, increase and construction-related energy consumption, pollutant emissions and other acts of tax efforts, improve the legal system of environmental protection, from the increase in government construction projects on the sustainability of economic support and raise the cost to the construction of polluting the environment acts as the costs for green buildings design and construction to create a favorable external environment. This goal is not entirely the responsibility of government agencies, as the architects involved in design work as a sound system of responsibility for recommendations obligations,because only the most from the practice of the need is real and urgent. The related policy issues in green building design strategies, building a system to solve the economic problems facing the important aspects. At the micro level, the current from the economic point of Design Strategy is more fully consider the economic operation of the project, and specific technical strategies accordingly adjusted.3.4 Ethical Significance.Green building rating system, the theoretical basis of the concept of sustainable development, therefore, whether the evaluation system of each country how much difference in structure, they all have one thing in common: To reduce the burden of ecological environment, improve construction quality of the environment for future generations to remain the development of room. This radically changes the long-sought human blindly to the natural attitude, reflecting people's understanding of the relationship between man and nature by the opposition to the uniform change. According to the current global energy reserves and resources distribution, the Earth's natural environment is also far from the edge of exhaustion, enough people enjoy the luxury of contemporary material life. But now we have to consume a resource, it means that future generations will be less of a living space. More importantly, if we consume the natural environment more than it can limit self-renewal, then the future of the younger generation is facing the planet's ecosystems can not recover the risk into a real crisis. Therefore we can say, the development of green buildings and their corresponding evaluation system, for more contemporary people is the responsibility and obligations. For more the interests of future generations and advantages for green building design.4.Green building design include the followings:Saving energy: full use of solar energy, using energy-efficient building reducing heating and air conditioning use. Set according to the principle of natural ventilation cooling system that allows efficient use of building to the dominant wind direction in summer.Adapted to local climatic conditions, building use form and general layout of the plane.Resource conservation: in the building design, construction and selection of construction materials, are considered fair use and disposal of resources. To reduce the use of resources, strive to make the use of renewable resources. Conserve water resources, including water conservation and greening.Return to Nature: Green Building exterior to emphasize integration with the surrounding environment, harmony, movement each other so that the protection of natural ecological environment.5 .Effects of green building5.1 Effects of the composition of green buildingEffects of green building, including internal effects and external effects, direct benefits and direct costs as the internal effect, known as the indirect benefits and indirect costs of external effects, according to engineering economics point of view: the internal effects can be financial evaluation, external effects should be economic evaluation, economic evaluation is based on the so-called rational allocation of scarce resources and socio-economic principles of sustainable development, from the perspective of the overall national economy, study projects spending of social resources and contributions to the community to evaluate the project's economic and reasonable and external effects generally include industry effects, environmental and ecological effects, technology diffusion effect, the external effect will cause the private costs (internal costs or indirect costs) and social costs inconsistent, leading to the actual price is different from the best price. From the perspective of sustainable development, green building assessment effects of the main indicators of external effects.Since beginning the development of green building, unity of quantitative indicators system is still not established, I believe that the following aspects should be analyzed: (1) strictly control the construction industry, size, limit the number of employees. Extensive growth model epitomized by the struggle over the construction project, the construction process using human wave tactics, once the state limit the scale ofconstruction, will form the "adequate", which will not reduce the degree of mechanization, labor, the low level. (2) more investments in upgrade technology, establish and perfect the mechanism for scientific and technical equipment. Focus on the development and application of building technology, combined with the project, the characteristics of future construction, a planned way scientific and technological research and development of new machinery, new processes, new materials, and actively introduction, absorb and assimilate the advanced scientific and technological achievements of science and technology to improve the level of mechanization. (3) in urban planning, survey and design through the "green building" ideas. Family housing and urban construction or alteration must remain in the room, from lighting, ventilation, drainage and control the damages to the environment. (4) construction work, reduced resource consumption, the production process in construction, energy saving measures should be adopted to prevent the excessive consumption of land resources, water resources, power resources.5.2 External effects of the challenges to building the economyUnder the control of the government's intervention, to a certain extent on the efficient allocation of resources to strengthen the implementation of energy conservation mandatory standards for construction supervision. To further improve the building energy monitoring system, and strengthen the mandatory building energy efficiency standards in order to carry out the implementation of the project as the main content of the whole process of monitoring, particularly for large public buildings to enhance the building energy regulation, reflected in the project cost on the part of internal costs, making the "non-green building" project's internal costs, internal efficiency and reducing the external costs of green building, the external efficiency increasing, so that effective economic resources to the rational flow of green building.6. to improve the external effects of green building measures Enterprise architecture in the new economy to obtain a competitive advantage, improvethe external effects only continually tap the ways and means to improve the external efficiency, reduce external costs, the basic ideas and principles: (1) Construction of natural resources in the life cycle and minimized energy consumption; (2) reducing building life cycle emissions; (3) protecting the ecological (natural) environment; (4) to form a healthy, comfortable and safe indoor space; (5) the quality of construction, functionality, performance and environmental unity.Summarydescribed above, the meaning of green building design and analysis of its effectiveness and improve the external effects of green building measures. But how does the future design of green buildings need a degree in practice we try to figure out, I believe that green building will become the trend of future construction.译文：绿色建筑摘要:绿色建筑是指在建筑的全寿命周期内，最大限度地节约资源(节能、节地、节水、节材)、保护环境和减少污染，为人们提供健康、适用和高效的使用空间，与自然和谐共生的建筑。