非谓语的三种形式
非谓语动词有3种方式

一般式
to do
to be done
进行式
to be doing
完成式
to have done
to have been done
一 作主语。不定式做主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用 it 做形式主语。
1. To see is to believe.
2. It’s difficult (for us) to learn English.
三 作宾语
1. He demanded to be told the truth.
2. He pretended to be doing his homework / to have fallen asleep when Mother came in.
(decide / fail / manage / refuse / pretend / choose / agree / hope/ plan / promise / make up
one’s mind + to do)
3. I don’t know what to do.
(decide / find out / know / learn / consider etc + 疑问词 + to do)
4. Anyone can become a better scholar if he wants to.
5. ---Are you on holiday? ---No, but I’d like to be.
四 作宾补或主补
1. I’ll have him say something at the meeting.
have sb do = get sb to do
三种非谓语动词的形式

三种非谓语动词的形式
非谓语动词是指不具备时态和主谓一致的动词形式,包括不定式、动名词和分词。
1. 不定式(Infinitive)
不定式分为两种形式:
- 原形不定式:to + 动词原形,例如:to eat(吃)、to go(去)- 完成不定式:to have + 过去分词,表示在其他动作之前完成
的动作,例如:to have eaten(吃过)、to have gone(去过)
2. 动名词(Gerund)
动名词是动词加上-ing形式,可以用作名词,可以作为主语、
宾语、表语等,例如:eating(吃)、going(去)
3. 分词(Participle)
分词分为两种形式:
- 现在分词(Present Participle):动词-ing,例如:eating(吃着)、going(去的)
- 过去分词(Past Participle):-ed, -en, -d结尾,例如:eaten (吃过)、gone(去过)、cooked(煮熟的)
这三种非谓语动词的形式在句子中可以充当不同的语法角色,起到修饰名词、形容词或副词等作用。
非谓语动词有3种形式

非谓语动词有3种形式:不定式、动名词和分词Ⅰ不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的性质一作主语1.To see is to believe.2. It’s difficult (for us) to learn English.3. It’s foolish of h er to believe him.= She is foolish to believe him.二作表语1. His aim is to win the first prize.2. All we can do is (to) wait.One’s dream / aim / ambition / wish / The first step / What I want to do is to…三作宾语1. He demanded to be told the truth.2. He pretended to be doing his homework / to have fallen asleep when Mother came in.(decide / fail / manage / refuse / pretend / choose / agree / hope/ plan / promise / make up one’s mind + to do)3.I don’t know what to do.(decide / find out / know / learn / consider etc + 疑问词+ to do)4. Anyone can become a better scholar if he wants to.5. ---Are you on holiday? ---No, but I’d like to be.四作宾补或主补1. I’ll have him say something at the meeting.have sb do = get sb to dofeel; hear / listen to; let / have / make; see / watch / look at / notice / observe sb do但被动语态要+ to, let 例外Listen to me read the text.He is often listened to to sing the song.He was let go by the police.2. He ordered his men to fire.wish / advise / persuade / allow / permit / want / tell / ask / expect / order / require / request sb to dosuggest / hope / agree / demand / arrange sb to do3. He is said to be doing the work of next year.It’s said that he is doing the work of next year.sb + seem / appear / happen / be said / be reported / be known /be found / be believed + to do / to be doing / to have ( been) doneIt + seem / appear / happen / be said … / be believe that….六作定语1. I have a lot of work to do / no pen to write with.2. the first to come / to be awarded the Nobel Prize3. the last person to do such a thing 最不愿意做…的人4. the house to be built next year比较: the house being built now / build last year七作状语(目的、原因、结果或条件)目的to / in order to / so as to结果enough to / too…to / so…as to / such…as to / only to1. The bus stopped to pick up passengers.2. He set out early in order to / so as to catch the first bus.= In order to / To catch the first bus he set out early.3. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.4. I hurried to school only to be told it was a holiday.only to do sth 表示出于预料之外的结果不定式的否定形式She kept silent about the accident so as not to lose his job.不定式的完成和被动式The book seems to have been translated into English.但是: The book is difficult to understand.I have a letter to write / a lot of work to do.He is to blame for the accident.Ⅱ动名词具有名词的性质一作主语1. Seeing is believing. = To see is to believe.2. It’s no use / no good / useless doing sth. It’s no use crying over spilt milk.3. Being forced to leave the classroom made him feel embarrassed.二作表语1. My job is teaching English.比较: One’s dream / aim / ambition / The first step is to do sth.动名词作表语, 可与主语交换位置, 句子成立; 现在分词则不能。
动词的非谓语形式有三种

动词的非谓语形式有三种动词的非谓语形式有三种:不定式、动名词和分词(一)不定式不定式由“ to十动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“ not to do”.不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化.不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语,但不能单独作谓语.不定式的逻辑主语有时用“ for十名词或代词宾格”构成.1.不定式的用法:l)作主语.不定式短语作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语.例如:To see is to believe.It is right to give up smoking.2)作宾语.不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语。
往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后,而用it作形式宾语.例如:He wanted to go.I find it interesting to study work with him.3)作宾语补足语.例如:He asked me to do the work with him.注意:在feel,hear,listen to,look at,notice, observe,see,watch,have, let,make等词后的补足语中,不定式不带to.但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时,就必须带to.例如I often hear him sing the song.He is often heard to sing the song.注意:不定式动词在介词but,except,besides后面时,如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么,这些介词后的不定式不带to,否则要带to.如:She could do nothing but cry.What do you like to do besides swim?I have no choice but to go.4)作定语.例如:I have some books for you to read.注①作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词.例如:He is looking for a room to live in.There is nothing to worry about.Please give me a knife to cut with.但是,不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way,不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去.例如:He had no money and no place to live.注②当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式既可以用主动语态,也可用被动语态,但其含义有所不同.试比较:A) Have you anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗?(不定式to send的动作执行者是you)B) Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?(不定式to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的me 或someone else)5)作状语,表示目的、原因、结果或条件.例如:I came here to see you.(目的)We were very excited to hear the news.(原因)He hurried to the school to find nobody there.(结果)To look at him, you would like him.(条件)目的状语还可以用in order to或so as to来表示.如:In order to pass the exam, he worked very hard.We ran all the way so as not to be late.不定式也可在作表语用的形容词后面作状语.例如:I am very glad to hear it.The question is difficult to answer.“ too十形容词或副词十不定式”作状语.例如:He is too old to do that.另外句子中有enough这个词时,常用不定式作状语.例如:The room is big enough to hold us.6)作表语.例如:My job is to help the patient.7)作独立成分.例如:To tell the truth,I don’t agree with you.8)不定式与疑问词who,which,when,where,how,what等连用,在句中起名词作用,可充当主语、表语、宾语等.例如:He didn’t know what to say.(宾语)How to solve the problem is very important.(主语)My question is when to start. (表语)注意:在与why连用时,只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中,后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to. 例如:Why not have a rest?9)不定式在句中用主动式还是被动式。
动词的非谓语形式有三种

动词的非谓语形式有三种————————————————————————————————作者:————————————————————————————————日期:ﻩ动词的非谓语形式有三种:不定式、动名词和分词(一)不定式不定式由“ to十动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“ nottodo”.不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化.不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语,但不能单独作谓语.不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for十名词或代词宾格”构成.1.不定式的用法:l)作主语.不定式短语作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语.例如:To see is to believe.It is right togive up smoking.2)作宾语.不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语。
往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后,而用it作形式宾语.例如:He wanted to go.Ifind it interestingto study work with him.3)作宾语补足语.例如:Heasked me to do the workwith him.注意:在feel,hear,listento,lookat,notice, observe,see,watch,have,let,make等词后的补足语中,不定式不带to.但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时,就必须带to.例如I oftenhear himsingthe song.He is often heard to singthesong.注意:不定式动词在介词but,except,besides后面时,如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么,这些介词后的不定式不带to,否则要带to.如:She could do nothing but cry.What doyou liketodo besidesswim?I havenochoicebutto go.4)作定语.例如:Ihave some booksfor you to read.注①作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词.例如:He is looking for a room to livein.There is nothing toworry about.Please giveme aknifeto cutwith.但是,不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way,不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去.例如:He hadno moneyandno placeto live.注②当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式既可以用主动语态,也可用被动语态,但其含义有所不同.试比较:A) Have you anything tosend? 你有什么东西要寄吗?(不定式tosend的动作执行者是you)B)Have you anything to be sent?你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?(不定式tobesent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someoneelse)5)作状语,表示目的、原因、结果或条件.例如:I came here to see you.(目的)We were very excitedtohearthe news.(原因)He hurriedto the schooltofind nobody there.(结果)Tolook at him, you would like him.(条件)目的状语还可以用inorder to或so as to来表示.如:In order topass the exam, he worked very hard.We ranall theway so as not to be late.不定式也可在作表语用的形容词后面作状语.例如:Iamvery glad tohearit.The question is difficult toanswer.“too十形容词或副词十不定式”作状语.例如:He istoo old todo that.另外句子中有enough这个词时,常用不定式作状语.例如:The room is big enoughtohold us.6)作表语.例如:My job is to help the patient.7)作独立成分.例如:To tell thetruth,I don’t agree with you.8)不定式与疑问词who,which,when,where,how,what等连用,在句中起名词作用,可充当主语、表语、宾语等.例如:He didn’t know what tosay.(宾语)How to solve the problem is veryimportant.(主语)My question is when to start. (表语)注意:在与why连用时,只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中,后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to.例如:Why not have a rest?9)不定式在句中用主动式还是被动式。
非谓语动词的种类及用法

非谓语动词的种类及用法非谓语动词是一种没有时态和数的动词形式,通常由动词原形、动词-ing形式和动词过去分词构成。
非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词三种,它们的主要用法如下:1. 不定式:to + 动词原形(如:to go, to work)(1)作主语:To succeed is not easy.(成功不容易。
)(2)作宾语:I want to go shopping.(我想去购物。
)(3)作定语:I need a pen to write with.(我需要一支能写的笔。
)(4)作表语:My dream is to travel around the world.(我的梦想是环游世界。
)(5)作状语:He studies hard to improve his English.(他努力学习以提高他的英语水平。
)2. 动名词:动词+ing形式(如:going, working)(1)作主语:Reading is good for your health.(读书有益健康。
)(2)作宾语:I enjoy dancing.(我喜欢跳舞。
)(3)作定语:The running water is very clear.(流水很清澈。
)(4)作表语:Her favorite hobby is swimming.(她最喜欢的爱好是游泳。
)(5)作状语:He walked home, singing all the way.(他一路唱着歌走回家。
)3. 分词:动词的-ing形式或过去分词形式(如:going, worked)(1)现在分词作状语:Smiling, she walked towards me.(微笑着,她朝我走来。
)(2)过去分词作状语:Having finished his homework, he went to bed.(完成了家庭作业,他上床休息了。
)(3)现在分词作定语:The running water is very clear.(流水很清澈。
非谓语形式

非谓语形式非谓语形式就是:动词不定式、分词、动名词。
非谓语动词在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式,动名词,和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。
1)不定式时态\语态主动被动一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done2)动名词时态\语态主动被动一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done3)分词时态\语态主动被动一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done否定形式: not +不定式, not + 动名词, not + 现在分词1( 有些动词可以用不定式作宾语,大致上有三种情况。
1)1) 有些及物动词用不定式作宾语,结构为动词+不定式。
例如:afford aim agree arrange ask decidebother care choose demand desire determine elect endeavor hope fail help learn long 渴mean manage offer plan pretend 望refuse tend undertake expect hate intend例如:The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
He offered to help me. 他表示愿意帮助我。
2)有些动词除了可以用不定式作宾语,还用不定式作补语,即有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。
例如:ask choose expect help beg intend like/love need prefer prepare want wish例如:I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。
非谓语动词的三种形式

非谓语动词共分为三种,构成形式如下:1.动词不定式(Infinitives):2.现在分词和过去分词(present participles & past participles):3. 动名词(gerunds)下面我们依据句子的成分,来具体分析非谓语动词的不同用法。
1.非谓语动词做主语和表语主语、表语和同位语在句子中用名词来担当,非谓语动词中动词不定式和动名词均可以用作名词,因此,动词不定式和动名词可以用来担当这三种成分。
1)非谓语动词做主语一般情况下,用动名词来做主语的情况比拟多,动词不定式用作主语的情况比拟少。
通常来说,在表达将来的要发生的事情时用不定式来作主语,而表达一般情况习惯性的动作时用动名词来作主语。
例如:Teaching is a tiring but satisfying job.Swimming is a good kind of e*ercise.To be an astronaut is Johnson’s desire.在用it做形式主语的句子中通常用动词不定式来做真正的主语。
例如:It is necessary (for you) to give up smoking.It is everyone’s duty to protect the environment.但是值得注意的是在各别情况下,即使是It做形式主语,真正的主语也必须用动名词,这些情况很少,所以希望同学们能单独记忆下来,以下是此类情况的一个总结。
It is/was no use/good doing sth.It is/was not any use/good doing sth.It is/was of little use/good doing sth.2)非谓语动词做表语非谓语动词作此成分的时候跟作主语时的规则根本一致。
在表示"目的,愿望,梦想,需求〞等名词做主语时其表语应该用不定式.例如:Her wish was to bee an artist.她的愿望是成为一位艺术家Our aim is to help them,not to teach them a lesson.我们的目的是帮助他们,而不是教训他们。
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非谓语的三种形式
非谓语是指在句子中不充当谓语的动词形式。
一般包括三种形式:不定式、动名词和分词。
非谓语在英语中的使用频率非常高,掌握好非谓语的用法对于提高英语水平非常重要。
一、不定式
不定式是指以to+动词原形构成的动词形式。
不定式可以用作名词、形容词和副词的修饰语,还可以用来表示目的、结果、原因、条件、方式等。
1. 作名词
不定式作为名词可以用来表示动作的概念,如:
To learn English well is very important.
学好英语非常重要。
It’s important for us to learn English well.
我们学好英语很重要。
2. 作形容词
不定式作为形容词可以用来修饰名词,如:
I have a lot of work to do.
我有很多工作要做。
It’s a difficult task to complete.
这是一个很难完成的任务。
3. 作副词
不定式作为副词可以修饰动词、形容词和副词,如:
He works hard to support his family.
他努力工作来养家。
She was too tired to continue.
她太累了,不能继续了。
二、动名词
动名词是指以-ing结尾的动词形式,它可以用作名词、形容词和副词的修饰语,还可以用来表示持续性动作或者正在进行的动作。
1. 作名词
动名词作为名词可以用来表示一种行为或者状态,如:
Swimming is my favorite sport.
游泳是我最喜欢的运动。
Reading is a good way to improve your English.
阅读是提高英语的好方法。
2. 作形容词
动名词作为形容词可以用来修饰名词,如:
I have a boring job.
我有一份无聊的工作。
The exciting movie made me happy.
这部令人激动的电影让我很开心。
3. 作副词
动名词作为副词可以修饰动词、形容词和副词,如:
She smiled, looking very happy.
她微笑着,看起来很开心。
He spoke softly, trying not to wake up the baby.
他小声说话,尽量不想吵醒宝宝。
三、分词
分词是指动词的-ing形式和-ed形式,它可以用作形容词和副词的修饰语,还可以用来表示被动语态和完成时态。
1. 形容词
分词作为形容词可以用来修饰名词,如:
The broken vase needs to be fixed.
这个破花瓶需要修理。
The excited children are playing in the park.
兴奋的孩子们在公园里玩耍。
2. 副词
分词作为副词可以修饰动词、形容词和副词,如:
He walked home, feeling tired.
他走回家,感觉很疲劳。
The movie was so boring that I fell asleep.
这部电影太无聊了,我睡着了。
3. 被动语态
分词可以用来表示被动语态,如:
The car was stolen last night.
昨晚这辆车被盗了。
The book has been read by many people.
这本书已经被很多人阅读过了。
4. 完成时态
分词可以用来表示完成时态,如:
I have finished my homework.
我已经完成了我的作业。
She has lived in this city for 10 years.
她已经在这个城市住了10年。
总结
掌握好非谓语的用法可以让我们的英语表达更加准确、流畅。
不定式、动名词和分词在英语中的使用频率非常高,我们需要加强对它们的掌握和应用。
通过不断地练习和积累,我们可以更好地运用这些语法知识,提高自己的英语水平。