研究生英语模拟题(附答案)
研究生英语模拟题(附答案)
研究生英语模拟题(附答案)Part I Vocabulary(20 points)Section A:Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are our choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet witha single line through the center.1. Furthermore, we did not want to join the legions who conquered their guilt en route to new depths of _______ rottennessA. retrospectiveB. narcissisticC. subjectiveD. prescriptive2. What they were hearing, as it turned out, were the ______ left over from the first explosion, the hissing echoes ofcreation.A. reverberationsB. proprietyC. repercussiveD. imminentness3. When Title 13 of the U.S. Code forbade publication of an individual’s records, a complex series of steps gradually increased ________ protections.A. assuranceB. diffidenceC. confidenceD. confidentiality4. Others came with skills and ________. Many were born in the US to immigrant parents.A. imaginationB. effluenceC. affluenceD. medication5. James Dean, in “Rebel Without a Cause,”is certainly larger than life, but the teenage angst that he ______ the confusion almost all adolescents feel in the journey from childhood to adulthood.A. articulatesB. displacesC. disposesD. discharges6. As we speak of the growing maturity of Su Tung-po’s prose, we say that he has “gradually approached naturalness”-a style that has shed off its youthful love of pomposity, pedantry, _______ and literary show man-ship..A. paymentB. disposalC. fluencyD. virtuosity7. Some found the name “colonial and offensive.”Liew responded, “British-India is about the beauty and ______ of that era.A. enthusiasmB. romanceC. passionD. compassion8. My concerns are not on religious grounds or on the basis of a perceived _______ ethical principle.A. intrinsicB. extrinsicC. extraneousD. irrelevant9. Therefore, the freest possible flow of information, ideas, and opinions, and a greater respect for ______ political and religious convictions will actually breed strength and stability going forward..A. convergentB. acquittalC. divergentD. sanctimonious10. From a business perspective, working under government contracts can be a very ______ proposition.A. concentrativeB. pathogenicC. lucrativeD. dimensional11. This step is of great significance when viewed in the _____of the progress of the experiment.A. prospectiveB. respectiveC. perspectiveD. prescriptive12. When a hurricane is _____, the National WeatherBureau issues a warning.A. immaculateB. impertinentC. immenseD. imminent13. Despite the rescuers’strenuous efforts, hopes of finding the missing climbers are now beginning to _____.A. decreaseB. fadeC. looseD. faint14. Negotiations between the employers and the workers broke down because both sides were too _____.A. ingeniousB. indispensableC. incredibleD. incompatible15. The group of spectators was _____by the police who were at the scene of the accident.A. dispersedB. displacedC. disposedD. discharged16. Before the gases are discharged into the atmosphere they must be _____harmless.A. renderedB. disposedC. handledD. converted17. He _____after the car accident, although at first he wasn’t expected to live.A. pilled upB. pulled offC. pulled overD. pulled through18. But very few fear the slow catastrophe that is _____upon the world through environmental pollution.A. creepingB. crawlingC. mountingD. ascending19. In spite of the destruction caused by the earthquake, the people tried to _____their own businessas if nothing had happened.A. go overB. go aboutC. go withD. go through20. We are prepared to make some concessions on minor details, but we can not _____on fundamentals.A. concentrateB. complementC. compensateD. compromiseSection B: SubstitutionDirections: In this part, you are to choose one word from the words marked A, B, C and D to substitute the one underlined in the sentence in order to keep the meaning closest to the original one. Mark your choice on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.21. In that sense guilt is the great civilizer, the internal commandment that helps us choose to be kind to each other ratherthan to join in a stampede of me-firsts.A. impulsiveB. crashC. flightD. shatter22. A religious enthusiasm for the apparent convergence of science and theology in the big bang cosmology is understandable.A. configurationB. syzygyC. syllableD. connection23. Thus, surveillance of citizens in the name of national security undermines the very society it was intended to protect.A. observationB. judgmentC. constitutionD. institution24. An alarming number are pushing themselves to the emotional brink in their quest for excellence. Many also detect signsof resentment among non-Asians, an u pdated “yellowperil.A. accidenceB. SuppositionC. correspondenceD. indignation25. In this case, I said there were aspects of her story that reminded me of “One True Thing,”a picture about a mother andher estranged daughter who are reconciled as the mother is dying of cancer..A. reestablishedB. harmonizedC. circulatedD. distributed26. All forms of pose, sham, learned nonsense, academic stupidity and social humbug are politely but effectively shown thedoor..A. excavationB. reverenceC. deceptionD. spoil27. Despite her high-powered contacts, she can often be found in Bangkok’s bustling Chanukah market.A. meddlesomeB. busyC. sedulousD. assiduous28. In making a copy of oneself or some famous person,a parent is deliberately specifying the way he or she wishes thatchild to develop.A. memorizingB. providingC. combiningD. designating29. Against great odds in the 20th century China has not only survived, it is moving forward dramatically.A. likelihoodB. disadvantageC. inconvenienceD. convenience30. They are still to be held responsible for any errors that their products cause, on matter the magnitude.A. significanceB. directionC. diagramD. prediction31. He remembered how one day Sullivan entered, placed a piece of paper on the desk.A. retardedB. recalledC. revealedD. observed32. The scientist always checks statements and makes experiments carefully and objectively to verify them.A. confirmB. conformC. articulateD. discrete33. Early in sixteenth century, Copernicus suggested that the earth revolved around the sun.A. proposedB. believedC. explainedD. implied34. It happened that a camera crew was on board the plane when a UFO appeared.A. AccidentallyB. SupposedlyC. CorrespondinglyD. Fortunately35. A major breakthrough came in 1971 when microprocessors came into being.A. was developedB. appearedC. got circulatedD. became real36. A passing tanker saved them five days later.A. recoveredB. reverencedC. rescuedD. spoiled37. Beware of pickpockets in public places.A. Take care ofB. look ofC. Watch out forD. Take notice of38. We will assemble statistics.A. memorizeB. provideC. combineD. gather39. Would you please distribute these invitations to the students in your class?A. hand inB. hand outC. hand overD. hand back40. Large passenger planes often carry weather instruments with which to forecast storms.A. impedeB. directC. diagramD. predictPart II Filling in the Blanks (20 points)Directions: In this section, there is a passage with I0 blanks. You are required to select one word For each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage throughcarefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 41 to 50 are based on the following passage. There is an alarming 41e that our American economy is direction of what some people call a two-tier society--a large population middle-class or higher incomes and values, with a a42 increase at the top, and a large number of people who have been economically and culturally uncouple from the main society.A great many 43k myself included, feel uneasy about the fact that 70 percent of the economy does what is called service work and only 30 percent does what is called goods-related work New 44 n keeps entering the economy and bringing employment into disorder. When you look back at how the American economy developed; you see a 45h off the farm into the factory and out of the factory into the office. The main push has come from technology. There has been 46 b little new machinery to push people out of the office, butthat's changing now. If the computer creates jobs in the office, the service sector will increase and there will be no squeezing of employment. But if technology press service people out of work, I don't know where they are going to go.Personally, I think American 47 i is in for a very severe challenge. We have always considered ourselves virtually to have a right to be number one in the world. But of course we don't have any such right or 48l . And we have to be patiently prepared for unsettling fact that we are number two, or three, or four in many ways. In terms of health, for instance we have fallen 49c behind, and that's a big blow to our self-image.In the next 20 years the government will have to take active steps in providing work and income for the bottom one third of the population. The government 50g provides some sort of income, but it doesn't provide work. And work is essential for people's self-respect and also for the building of many kinds of basic frame works that are needed in the country.A) considerable I) optimismB) relatively J) immigrationC) variously K) economistD) provided L) assuranceE) possibility M) insuranceF) complete N) technologyG) unwillingly O) eventuallyH) migrationQuestions 51 to 60 are based on the following passage. The status of women in 51m North America has been well studied and described and can be briefly 52d. Throughout the colonial period there was a marked shortage of women, which varied with the regions and was always greatest in the frontierareas. This favorable ratio 53g women’s status and position and allowed them to pursue different careers. The puritans, the religious sect （教派）that 54l the early British colonies in North America, regarded 55l as a sin, and believed that life in an underdeveloped country made it absolutely necessary that each member of the community perform an 56h function. Thus work for women, married or single, was not only approved, it was regarded as a civic duty. Puritan town councils expected widows and unattached women to beself-supporting and for a long time provided needy spinsters with parcels of land. There was no social 57i against married women working. On the contrary, wives were expected to help their husbands in their trade and won social 58e for doing extra work in or out of home. Needy children, girls as well as boys, were indentured or apprenticed and were expected to work for their keep.The vast majority of women worked within theirs homes, where their labor produced most articles needed for the family. The entire colonial production of cloth and clothing and partially that of shoes was in the hands of women. In addition to these 59j, women were found in many 60k kinds of employment. They were butchers, silversmiths, gunsmiths, upholsterers. They ran mills, plantations, tankards, shipyards, and every kind of shop, tavern, and boardinghouse. They were gatekeepers, jail keepers, sextons, journalists, printers, apothecaries, midwives, nurses, and teachers.A. extract F. laziness K. differentB. idleness G. enhanced L. dominatedC. digest H. economic M. colonialD. summarized I. sanction N. controlE. approval J. occupations O. professionalsPart III Reading Comprehension(30 points)Section ADirections: There are 3 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage: Will Rogers (1879–1935) achieved success over a long and varied career with his humorous and incisive commentary on the foibles of American life. Calling himself a cowboy philosopher, he reached a wide following with his stage act, lectures, newspaper and magazine articles, films, radio broadcasts, and books. The youngest of eight children of a comfortable Oklahoma family, he was born on his parents' ranch in 1879. He was not a very dedicated student and never actually graduated from high school; he ran away from the military school where his father sent him to helphim settle down to a responsible life in Oklahoma. Wanting to see the world, he took on a number of jobs that allowed him to travel. He worked as a trick rider in Texas Jack's Wild West Show in South Africa and later toured around Australia and New Zealand with a circus; he then toured the United States as part of a Wild West show and eventually began working in vaudeville shows in New York City as a trick roper. He experienced his first success as a performer when he began telling jokes during his rope act. He worked as a vaudeville performer, interspersing humor with his rope act, for more than a decade.In 1916, Rogers was hired by the Ziegfeld Follies and quickly became a star of the show. He had discovered that newspaper stories provided great material on which to base his humorous commentary; using newspaper stories as his source material, he was able to come up with comic material for three shows daily with the Follies. By 1919, he had gathered enough successful jokes to create two collections of his humor, The Cowboy Philosopher on the Peace Conference and The Cowboy Philosopher on Prohibition After a briefattempt at a movie career in California in 1918, he returned to New York, where he immediately found a different forum for his humorous commentary as an after-dinner speaker. His success as a speaker caught the attention of the McNaught Newspaper Syndicate, and in 1922 he was asked to write a weekly column for the syndicate, a position he maintained for the rest of his life. In 1924, he created a collection of his favorite columns for publication in the book The Illiterate Digest. In 1926, his career expanded even more. In that year, he was sent to Europe to write a series of articles for the Saturday Evening Post;these articles were then compiled into the volume Letters of a Self-Made Diplomat to the President (1926). He was also hired in 1926 to send a daily telegram for inclusion in the New York Times, an assignment that he maintained for the rest of his life. Additionally, in 1926 he made his first radio broadcast, which eventually became a popular series of weekly broadcasts. Rogers' popularity increased dramatically during this period, and he was soon sought after by the film industry for a second attempt at moviemaking. Hebegan a new career in sound films with They Had to See Paris (1929) and continued to make films throughout this period, the best known of which were A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1931) and Steamboat 'Round the Bend (1935).Throughout his varied career, Rogers always managed to reflect the essence of life in America, and the public responded enthusiastically to him. Though his criticisms of the country's current foibles could be pointed, overall Rogers reflected a genuine optimism about the future of the country and its citizens, resulting in the immense popularity that he experienced throughout his career.61. It is mentioned in paragraph 1 that Will Rogers was known for all of the following EXCEPT for his work_________________.A) as a rancher B) as a speaker C) as a writer D) as an actor62. According to paragraph 2, when Will Rogers was born, his family was __________.A) friendly B) well-off C) urban D)casual63. According to paragraph 2, it is NOT true that WillRogers____________.A) was a good studentB) failed to graduate from high schoolC) attended a military schoolD) left a military school without explanation64. It is NOT mentioned in paragraph 2 that Will Rogers_____________.A) took part in a Western show in South AfricaB) traveled with a circus in AustraliaC) was a circus performer in the United StatesD) worked as a trick roper in New York65. It is indicated in paragraph 2 that Will Rogers first became successful when he_______.A) began telling jokes during his nightclub actB )introduced humor into his vaudeville actC) incorporated new and exciting tricks into his rope actD introduced a Wild West act into the circus Questions 66 to 70 are based on the following passage: Over millions of years, the world's climate has undergone a series of dramatic changes that have most likely resulted from oscillations, or pendulum-likeswings, in the rotation of the Earth. One such dramatic climate change was what is commonly called the Ice Age and was in reality a series of phases of colder and warmer weather that commenced approximately two million years ago. What we today refer to as the Ice Age was in reality a series of weaker and stronger glacial periods during which sheets of ice expanded and moved varying distances south followed by interglacial periods when the glaciers melted to varying degrees and retreated to the north. These successive periods of colder and warmer weather have had striking effects on the world's landscape and on the life forms that inhabit the land. Each glacial period in the series of colder and warmer phases had a different impact, depending on how far south the ice extended, how long it lasted before melting, and how much it changed the landscape and sea levels.The effect on the world's landscape that resulted from the changing climate was dramatic. Vast sheets of glacial ice in the northern latitudes of the world cut deep u-shaped valleys that still exist today and caused huge boulders and enormous amounts of clay and dustto be deposited across North America, Europe, and Asia and to reshape the landscape of these areas. As the glacial sheets of ice crept southward on the northern continents, they trapped large amounts of water. Thisserved to reduce the amount of moisture in the atmosphere that could fall as rain or snow, reducing the amount of rainfall and leading to further aridity and the expansion of deserts in the tropical and subtropical regions. In addition, with so much water held in the glacial ice, the sea level fell, resulting in the exposure of land that today is covered with water. During glacial periods there was a land bridge from France to England, the islands of Japan and Java were connected to the Asian mainland, and Asia was linked to North America over what is today the Bering Strait. Then, during interglacial periods, when the glacial ice retreated to the north, more water became available as glaciers melted. Vegetation expanded with the increase in rainfall, and coastlines changed with the increase in ocean water; during interglacial periods, many areas that today are landmasses were covered with water. Prehistoric people seem to have adapted well to theseenvironmental changes. They moved from place to place in response to climatic changes. They could be found living in the grasslands of Asia, in the forests of southeast Asia, and in the temperate areas of southern Europe, and they moved into and out of the more northerly regions as the glacial regions retreated and advanced. Their diet changed to adapt to the changes in plant and animal life during succeeding glacial and interglacial periods, and the use of stone tools, the building of shelters, and the use of clothing came about during this period. It was these sorts of adaptations that enabled humans to survive and progress while many other species failed to survive and thrive during this period in the way that prehistoric people did.66. What is stated about the Ice Age in paragraph 1?A) It caused the rotation of the Earth to swing.B) It was a period of sustained intensely cold weather.C) It came about as a result of variation in the Earth's rotation.D) It lasted for two million years.67. Which of the sentences below expresses theessential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 1?A) During the Ice Age, there were periods when the glaciers moved forcefully and other periods when the movement ofglaciers was weaker.B) During glacial periods, the glaciers moved to colder areas in the north, while during interglacial periods, glaciersmoved toward the south.C) During the Ice Age, glaciers tended to freeze north of the equator and melt south of the equator.D) The Ice Age really consisted of colder glacial periods and warmer interglacial periods.68 The word striking in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by __________.A) remarkable B) violent C) attractive D) dangerous69. The word it in paragraph 1 refers to ____________.A) a different impact B) the ice C) melting D) the landscape70. All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 1 as affecting the impact of a glacial periodEXCEPT__________.A) the amount of area that was covered with iceB) the length of time that a glacier lastedC) the effect that a glacier had on the geography of the landD) the effect that a glacier had on the chemistry of the waterQuestions 71 to 75 are based on the following passage: A few common misconceptions. Beauty is only skin-deep. One's physical assets and liabilities don't count all that much in a managerial career. A woman should always try to look her best.Over the last 30 years, social scientists have conducted more than 1,000 studies of how we react to beautiful and not-so-beautiful people. The virtually unanimous conclusion: Looks do matter, more than most of us realize. The data suggest, for example, that physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their parents, sought out as friends, and pursued romantically. With the possible exception of women seeking managerial jobs, they are also more likely to be hired, paid well, and promoted.Un-American, you say, unfair and extremely unbelievable? Once again, the scientists have caught us mouthing pieties (虔诚) while acting just the contrary. Their typical experiment works something like this. They give each member of agroup-college students, perhaps, or teachers or corporate personnel mangers-a piece of paper relating an individual's accomplishments. Attached to the paper is a photograph. While the papers all say exactly the same thing the pictures are different. Some show a strikingly attractive person, some an average-looking character, and some an unusually unattractive human being. Group members are asked to rate the individual on certain attributes, anything from personal warmth to the likelihood that he or she will be promoted. Almost invariably, the better looking the person in the picture, the higher the person is rated. In the phrase, borrowed from Siphon, that the social scientists use to sum up the common perception, what is beautiful is good.In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women, and deeper than for men. A Utah StateUniversity professor, who is an authority on the subject, explains: In terms of their careers, the impact of physical attractiveness on males is only modest. But its potential impact on females can be tremendous, making it easier, for example, for the more attractive to get jobs where they are in the public eye. On another note, though, there is enough literature now for us to conclude that attractive women who aspire(追求) to managerial positions do not get on as well as women who may be less attractive.71. According to the passage, people often wrongly believe that in pursuing a career as a manager .A. a person's property or debts do not matter muchB. a person's outward appearance is not a critical qualificationC. women should always dress fashionablyD. women should not only be attractive but also high-minded72. The result of research carried out by social scientists show that ____.A. people do not realize the importance of looking one's bestB. women in pursuit of managerial jobs are not likely to be paid wellC. good-looking women aspire to managerial positionsD. attractive people generally have an advantage over those who are not73. Experiments by scientists have shown that when people evaluate individuals on certain attributes .A. they observe the principle that beauty is only skin-deepB. they do not usually act according to the views they supportC. they give ordinary-looking persons the lowest ratingsD. they tend to base their judgment on the individual's accomplishments74. "Good looks cut both ways for women" (Line 1, Para. 5) means that_______.A. attractive women have tremendous potential impact on public jobsB. good-looking women always get the best of everythingC. being attractive is not always an advantage forwomenD. attractive women do not do as well as unattractive women in managerial positions75. It can be inferred from the passage that in the business world ______.A. handsome men are not affected as much by their looks as attractive women areB. physically attractive women who are in the public eye usually do quite wellC. physically attractive men and women who are in the public eye usually get along quite wellD. good looks are important for women as they are for menSection BDirections: In this part there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in fewest possible words (not exceeding 10 words) One summer my wife Chris and I were invited by friends to row down the Colorado River in a boat. Our expedition included many highly successful people-the kind who has staffs to take care of life'sdaily work. But in the wilder rapids, all of us naturally set aside any pretenses (矫饰) and put out backs into every stroke to keep the boat from tumbling over. At each night's encampment, we all hauled supplies and cleaned dishes. After only two days in the river, people accustomed to being spoiled and indulged had become a team, working together to cope with the unpredictable twists and turns of the river.I believe that in life as on boat trips _ teamwork will make all our journeys successful ones. The rhythms of teamwork have been the rhythms of my life. I played basketball alongside famous players, and the team I now coach, the New York Knicks, has recovered from years of adversity to become a major contender in the 1990s.I'm persuaded that teamwork is the key to making dreams come true. We all play o a number of teams in our lives-as part of a family, as a citizen, as a member of an agreement, written or unwritten. It contains the values and goals for every team member.For example, in the late 1970s a General Motors plant in Fremont, Calif, was the scene of constant warfare。
研究生英语模拟题(附答案) (2)
Vocabulary( 10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0. 5 point each)Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has one word or a set of words underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on your Answer Sheet.If you know in advance that the examination is going to be easy, you have no incentive to study very much.16A. interestB. motiveC. incidenceD. time正确答案：B注释:incentive与motive都含有“动力”的意思。
incidence影响，发生；time时间；interest兴趣。
The mother soothed the disappointed child and then promised to take him on a picnic as soon as it stopped raining.17A. huggedB. whippedC. praisedD. comforted正确答案：D注释:soothe与comfort意思接近，同为“使平静，使镇静”。
2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)模拟测试
2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一)模拟测试Section I: Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Text:In todays interconnected world, the role of technology in shaping our daily lives has become increasingly prominent. With the advent of smart devices and the Internet of Things (IoT), we are now able to perform tasks with unprecedented efficiency and convenience. However, the benefits of this technological revolution come with their own set of challenges, particularly when it comes to privacy and security.- Privacy concerns have risen sharply in recent years, as more and more personal data is collected and stored online. This data, ranging from browsing history to financial information, is a goldmine for hackers and cybercriminals. 1 the potential risks, individuals and organizations alike must take proactive measures to protect themselves.- One way to combat these threats is through the use ofstrong passwords and two-factor authentication. Yet, these methods alone are 2 insufficient. Regular software updates, which often include security patches, are equally important. Neglecting these updates can leave devices vulnerable to attacks.- Moreover, awareness and education play a crucial role in enhancing cybersecurity. Many cyber attacks are successful because users are not aware of the 3 tactics employed by cybercriminals. By educating users on how to recognize phishing emails, malicious websites, and other forms of cyber threats, we can significantly reduce the risk of successful attacks.- Another aspect of cybersecurity is the need for 4 policies and regulations. Governments and international organizations must work together to develop and enforce strict guidelines that protect the privacy and security of individuals online. This includes ensuring that data is collected, stored, and processed in a manner that is both ethical and legal.- Finally, collaboration between the public and private sectors is essential in the fight against cybercrime. By sharing information and resources, both sectors can more effectively 5 emerging threats and respond to incidents. This includesincident response teams, threat intelligence sharing, and joint training exercises.In conclusion, cybersecurity is a complex and ever-evolving field that requires a multi-faceted approach. By combining strong passwords, regular updates, awareness and education, robust policies, and public-private collaboration, we can build a safer and more secure digital world.Questions:1. A) DespiteB) Despite ofC) In spiteD) In spite ofAnswer: D) In spite ofExplanation: In spite of is a prepositional phrase used to introduce a contrast, meaning although or even though. It correctly completes the sentence by acknowledging the potential risks despite their existence.2. A) inherentlyB) increasinglyC) predominantlyD) undoubtedlyAnswer: A) inherentlyExplanation: Inherently means something is an essential or fundamental part of something else. Here, it suggests that strong passwords and two-factor authentication, while important, are not enough on their own to provide complete security.3. A) sophisticatedB) straightforwardC) outdatedD) rudimentaryAnswer: A) sophisticatedExplanation: Sophisticated refers to something that is complex, advanced, or highly developed. It correctly describes the tactics employed by cybercriminals, which are often complex and difficult to detect.4. A) ambiguousB) comprehensiveC) vagueD) simplisticAnswer: B) comprehensiveExplanation: Comprehensive means including all or nearly all elements or aspects of something. Here, it refers to theneed for policies and regulations that cover all aspects of cybersecurity, ensuring that individuals privacy and security are adequately protected.5. A) anticipateB) endureC) eliminateD) exacerbateAnswer: A) anticipateExplanation: Anticipate means to foresee or expect something to happen. In this context, it correctly describes the need for both the public and private sectors to work together to predict and prepare for emerging cyber threats.。
最新硕士研究生入学考试英语模拟试卷及答案
最新硕士研究生入学考试英语模拟试卷及答案Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.( 10 points ) In the past few decades, remarkable findings have been made in ethology, the study of animal social behavior. Earlier scientists had 1 that nonhuman social life was almost totally instinctive or fixed by genetics. Much more careful observation has shown that 2 variation occurs among the social ties of most species, showing that learning is a part of social life. That is, the 3 are not solely fixed by the genes.4，the learning that occurs is often at an early age in a process that is called imprinting. Imprinting is clearly 5 instinctive, but it is not quite like the learning of humans; it is something in between the two. An illustration best 6 the nature of imprinting. Once, biologists thought that ducklings followed the mother duck because of instincts. Now we know that, shortly 7 they hatch, ducklings fix 8 any object about the size of a duck and will henceforth follow it. So ducklings may follow a basketball or a briefcase if these are 9 for the mother duck at the time when imprinting occurs. Thus, social ties can be considerably 10, even ones that have a considerable base 11 by genetics.Even among the social insects something like imprinting 12 influencesocial behavior. For example, biologists once thought bees communicated with others purely 13 instinct. But, in examining a “dance” that bees do to indicate the distance and direction of a pollen source, observers found that bees raised in isolation could not communicate effectively. At a higher level, the genetic base seems to belearning rather than the more specific responses of imprinting. Chimpanzees, for instance, generally 14 very good mother but Jane Goodall reports that some chimps carry the infant upside down or 15 fail to nurture the young. She believes that these females were the youngest or the 16 child of a mother. In such circumstances, they did not have the opportunity to observe how their own mother 17 for her young. Certainly adolescent chimps who are still with their mothers when other young are born take much interest in the rearing of their young brother or sister. They have an excellent opportunity to learn, and the social ties that are created between mother and young 18 Goodall to describe the social unitevidence to 20 that ties also continue between siblings of the same sex,estSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each textText 1New figures from France,Germany and Italy—the three biggest economies in the 12 country Eurozone —suggest the continent’s economic woes may have been exaggerated.In France, evidence emerged that consumer spending remained solid in July and August,rising 1.4%and 0.6%respectively.Forecasters had generally expected the July figure to show a 0.1% slippage,with August unchanged.But the figures were flattered slightly by a down grade to the June figure,to 0.7% from1.5%.With manufacturing in the doldrums across Europe and the US,consumer spending has been increasingly seen as the best hope of stopping the global economic slowdown from turning into a recession.The French government said the news proved that the economy was holding up to the strain of the slowdown.Meanwhile in Germany,new regional price figures went someway towards calming fears about inflation in Europe’s largest economy—a key reason for the European Central Bank’s reluctance to cut interest 15 states said consumer prices were broadly stable,with inflation falling year on year.The information backed economists’expectations that inflation for the country as a whole is set to fall back to a yearly rate of 2.1%,compared to a yearly rate of 2.6% in August,closing in on the’s spike in oilThe icing on the cake was news that Italy’s job market has remained buoyant.The country’s July unemployment rate dropped to 9.4% from 9.6% the month before,its lowest level in more than eight years.And ain demand in the six weeks to early September.But the news was tempered by an announcement by Alitalia,the country’s biggest airline,that it will have to get rid of 2，500 staff to cope with the expected contraction as well as selling 12 aeroplanes. And industrial group Confindustria warned that the attacks on US targets meant growth will be about 1.9% this year,well short of the government’s 2.4% target. And it said the budget deficit will probably be about 1.5%,nearly twice the 0.8% Italy’s government has promised its European Union partners.prediction of forecasters is exactly rightdrisesharp turning’s unwilling to cut interest rates is inflation was actually expected to fall in Germanyany consumer prices were falling’calculation directly leads to the drop of inflationaragraph 4 is closest in meaning to the word.nment’s targetcountry’s promiseText 2Survey results indicate that smoking and alcohol and marijuana use increased among residents of Manhattan during the 5～8 weeks after the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center which took place oninterviewed reported an increased use of alcohol, marijuana, or cigarettes following the September 11th attacks. The largest increase was in alcoholalcohol in the weeks after September 11; about 10% reported an increase in smoking, and 3.2% said they had increased their use of marijuana.The investigators found survey participants by randomly dialing New York City phone numbers and screened potential respondents for Manhattan residents living in areas close to the World Trade Center. Interviews were conducted with 988 individuals between October 16 and November 15, 2001. Participants were asked about their cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and marijuana use habits before and after September 11. During the week prior to September 11, 2001, 22.6% of the participants reported smoking cigarettes, 59.1% drinking alcohol, and 4.4% using marijuana. After September 11th, 23.4% reported smoking cigarettes, 64.4% drinking alcohol, and 5.7% smoking marijuana. Among those who smoked, almost 10% reported smoking at least an extra pack of cigarettes a week and among those who drank alcohol, more than 20% reported imbibing at least one extra drink a day.The researchers found that people who reported an increase indisorder (PTSD) and from depression. People who reported an increase incigarette smoking or marijuana use were also more likely to have both PTSD and depression, while those who reported an increase in alcohol use were more likely to have depression only. Persons who were living closer to the World Trade Center were more likely to increase their cigarette smoking, but other factors such as being displaced from home, losing possessions during the attacks, or being involved in the rescue efforts were not consistently associated with increased substance use. Symptoms of panic attack were associated with an increase in the use of all substances.Increase in substance abuse did not differ significantly between men and women or among racial or ethnic groups. Demographic factors such as age, marital status, and income seemed to play a more critical role in determining if the events of September 11th led to an increase in substance use.26. The survey results suggest that the largest increase in substance use was .27. The survey participants were .nts who live close to the World Trade Centerattack28. The author is trying to show that .harmful for healthmental healthresidents29. What can be said about substance abuse after September 11?to have PTSD.likely to increase cigarette smoking.re consistently associated with increased substance use.substances.30. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?status was not collected.substance abuse.abuse.Text 3The entrepreneur, according to French economist J.B. Say, “is a person who shifts economic resources out of an area of lower and into anus who this entrepreneur is. Some define the entrepreneur simply as one who starts his or her own new and small business. For our purposes, we will define the entrepreneur as a person who takes the necessary risks to organize and manage a business and receives the financial profits and nonmonetary rewards.The man who opens a small pizza restaurant is in business, but is he an entrepreneur? He took a risk and did something, but did he shift resources or start the business? If the answer is yes, then he is considered an entrepreneur. Ray Kroc is an example of an entrepreneur because heidea, but he applied new techniques, resource allocations, and organizational methods in his venture. Ray Kroc upgraded the productivity and yichain. This is what entrepreneurs do; this is what entrepreneurship means.entrepreneur and the professional have faced to a gray color. Formerly, professionals such as doctors, lawyers, dentists, and accountants were not supposed to be entrepreneurial, aggressive, or market oriented. They werewere the mavericks of society. Thsought to make something happen. Long hours were about all the two worlds had in common. However, increased competition, saturatedthe professionals. Today they need to market their skills, talents, and competencies; Lawyers advertise their services. Doctors specialize in one form of surgery. Accounting firms join with other businesses(e.g., consulting and law) to serve clients.Entrepreneurs exhibit many different behaviors; searching for a specific personality pattern is very difficult. Some entrepreneurs are quiet, introverted, and analytical. On the other hand, some are brash, extroverted, and very emotional. many of them share some qualities. Viewing change as the norm, entrepreneurs usually search for it, respond to it, and treat it as an opportunity. An entrepreneur such as Ray Kroc ofMaking the decision to shift resources works better if a person is creative, experienced, and confident.31.According to the first paragraph, who can be regarded as an entrepreneur?A.The CEO of a big company.B.The owner of a profitable restaurant.C.A man who started a new kind of business but eventually failed after 5 years because of some financial problems.D.A successful salesman.32.Which of the followings are necessary for an entrepreneur?①a resource shifter②one who starts a new business③④⑤a risk takerA.①②③B.①②④⑤C.①②⑤D.①②③④⑤33.From the text, we learn that .A.an entrepreneur should be very extrovertedB.an entrepreneur should be quick to seize opportunitiesD.the French economist J.B. Say is the first person who gave the definition of “entrepreneur”34.The purpose of the author in writing the passage is to .plete the definition of entrepreneurB.tell the readers what is entrepreneur and the main characteristics of entrepreneursC.show what kind of people can become entrepreneursD.illustrate why Ray Kroc can become an entrepreneur35.What will most possibly follow the text?A.An example of how an entrepreneur operates.B.Another theory about entrepreneurship.C.The bad effects of entrepreneurs.D.The good effects of entrepreneurs.Text 4Modern technology and science have produced a wealth of new materials and new ways of using old materials.For the artist this means wider opportunities.There is no doubt that the limitations of materials and nature of tools both restrict and shape a man’s work.Observe how the development of plastics and light metals along with new methods of welding has changed the direction of sculpture.Transparent plastic materials allow one to look through an object,to see its various sides superimposed on each other(as in Cubism or in annew method encourages open designs,where surrounding and intervening space becomes as important as form itself.More ambiguous than other scientific inventions familiar to modern artists,but no less influential,are the psychoanalytic studies of Freud and his followers,discoveries that have infiltrated recent art,especiallySurrealism.The Surrealists,in their struggle to escape the monotony and frustrations of everyday life,claimed that dreams were the only hope.Turning to the irrational world of their unconscious,they banished all time barriers and moral judgements to combine disconnected dream experiences from the past,present and intervening psychological states.The Surrealists were concerned with overlapping emotions more than with overlapping forms.Their paintings often become segmented capsules of associative experiences.For them,obsessive and often unrelated images replaced the direct emotional message of expressionism.They did not need to smash paint and canvas;they went beyond this to smash the whole continuity of logical thought.There is little doubt that contemporary art has taken much from contemporary life.In a period when science has made revolutionary strides,artists in their studios have not been unaware of scientists in theirsculptors,though admittedly influenced by modern science,have alsoexpression,it has not always been a symbol of destruction.Quite the contrary:it has been used to examine more fully,to penetrate more deeply,to analyze more thoroughly,to enlarge,isolate and make more familiar certain aspects of life that earlier we were apt to neglect.In addition,it sometimes provides rich multiple experiences so organized asnot merely to reflect our world,but in fact to interpret it.36.According to the passage,it is true that.technologyadvancesartistic creations are the reflection of the material world37.The welding techniques.’s designs38.We can learn from the text that Freud’s studies.ave infiltrated Surrealism39.Which of the following is true about Surrealists?combine disconnected dream experiences.could transform real existence into incoherent dreams.images.last paragraph means that.been nourished by modern sciencePart BDirections:In the following article,some sentences have been removed .For Questions 41-45,choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank.There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points) Aremote Patagonian town that’s just beginning to prosper by guiding tourists through the virgin forests nearby is being shaken by the realization that it’s sitting on a gold mine. Literally.41)________________________________________________________ ___________Esquel’s plight is winning attention from international conservation and environmental groups such as Greenpeace.42)__________________________About 3.2 million acres already are under contract for mineral exploration in poor and sparsely settled Chubut Province, where Esquel is, near the southern tip of South America.43)______________________________________Meridian’s project, about 5 miles outside Esquel at a higher elevation, is about 20 miles from a national park that preserves rate trees known as alerces, a southern relative of California’s giant sequoia. Some of them have been growing serenely in the temperate rain forest for more than 3,000 years.The greatest fear is that cyanide, which is used to leach gold from ore, will drain downhill and poison Esquel’s and possibly the park’s water supplies. The mine will use 180 tons of the deadly chemical each month. Although many townspeople and some geologists disagree, the company says any excess cyanide would drain away from Esquel.“We won’t allow them to tear things up and leave us with the toxic aftermath,” said Felix Aguilar, 28, as he piloted a boatload of tourists through a lake in the Alerces National Park.“We take care of things here, so that the entire world can hear and see nature in its pure state. The world must help us prevent this.”44)__________________________________________________________________________A young English botanist named Charles Darwin, the author of the theory of evolution, was the first European to see alerces, with trunks that had a circumference of 130 feet. He gave the tree its generic name, Fitzroya cupressoides, for the captain of his ship, Robert Fitzroy.Argentina, pressed by the United States, Canada, the World Bank and other global lenders, rewrote its mining laws in the 1990s to encourage foreign investment.45)________________________________________ Argentina took in more than＄1 billion over the past decade by granting exploration contracts for precious metals to more than 70 foreign and domestic companies. If the country were to turn away a major investor, the message to its mining sector would be chilling.［A］outside Esquel could determine the fate of mining in Patagonia, a pristine region spanning southern Argentina and Chile.［B］Forest ecologist Paul Alaback, a University of Montana professor who studies the alerces, said Argentine authorities could gain from Alaska’［C］More than 3,000 worried Esquel residents recently took to the streets in protests aimed at assuring that their neat community of 28,000［D］American Douglas Tomkins, the founder of the Esprit clothingline and a prominent global conservationist, has bought more than 800,000 wilderness acres in Chile to preserve alerces and protect what’s left of the temperate rain forest. Ted Turner, the communications magnate, also has bought land in Argentine Patagonia with an eye to conservation.［E］Residents also complain that Argentina hasn’t given［F］Mining companies received incentives such as 30 years without［G］In Argentina, the town has become a national symbol in the debate over exploitation vs. preservation of the country’s vast natural resources.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)For better or worse,multiple marriages aren’t just for actress Elizabeth Taylor (renowned for her eight marriages) anymore.More Americans than ever are tying the knot (getting married) for the third time or more.Lynn Y.Orleans,says that people’s personal needs and desires simply changes astheir life evolves.“What functions well in the first part of our lives may not function well in the second or third parts of o ur lives,”she explains.She didn’t start her career as a therapist until her children from her first marriage went to school.That marriage lasted 21 years,her second marriage five years.Two years ago,she wed for a third time,and she describes this union as an “extremely easy marriage”.Today,at an estimated one of seven weddings,the bride,the groom or both are making that trip down the aisle for at least the third time.That’s twice as many as a generation ago,according to the US National Centre for Health Statistics.46)In part,the surge in multiple marriages is a side effect of the 1970ssingles.Even the simple fact that people are living longer has opened the door to marrying more oftblamed for the failure of the marriage),and cultural changes have also meant there’s less peer pressure than in past generations to stay in a joyless or abusive marriage.47)While a single divorce didn’t block either Ronald Reagan or Bob Dole from seeking the most highly scrutinized job in America — the US presidency —modern society still raises an eyebrow at more than one matrimonial mistake.Indeed,there are signs that attitudes are changing.Even the language is softening.Clinical papers in social science journals no longer probe for “neurosis” or mental depressive disorder among the “divorce prone”. More and more marriages are said to “end,” not “fail,” and one author has coined the term “encore marriages”.“It’s coming out of the closet or becoming more accepted,” says Glenda Riley,a Ball State University professor who wrote a book on the history of divorce in the US.48)“There’s still embarrassment on the personal level,while there is growing accept ance on the public level” for three or more marriages in a lifetime.49)Some experts say that the trend toward multiple marriages shows an erosion in Americans’capacity for commitment.“We live in the age of light.We have light cream cheese,light beer,light mayonnaise,”says Wayne Sotile,a psychologist and marriage counselor in’s no such thing as’ve got to commit yourself to those things.”There’s no guarantee,of course,that the third time is the best.50)To the contrary,second and third marriages run an equal or greater risk ofof failing,and they tend to end more quickly.Divorce statistics show that failed second marriages typically end two years sooner than firstmarriages,lasting six years on average rather than eight.That leaves some doubly divorced people open for a third try at a relatively young age.Section ⅢWritingPart A51.Direction:You’ve just come back from a tour in JiuZhaiGou, and you’re writing to your friend Mary.1)tell her that you’ve been back at the very day2)share your travelling experience with her3）invite her to a tour in ZhangJiajie in the coming yearYou should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Jane” instead. You do not need to wirte the address.(10 points)Part B52.Direction:study the following picture carefully and write an essay of about 200 words.In the essay you should1)interpret the picture’s meaning2)give your comments on the phenomenon3)give your suggestions to solve the problem答案及解析Section ⅠUse of English根据题意，“早期的科学家，假定非人类动物的社会生活几乎完全是天生的，或是由遗传决定的”,assume多用于未证实的假定；adopt 意为“采用，接受”；believe 意为“相信”；surmise 意为“猜测，推测”，相当于“guess”。
英语考研题库模拟题及答案
英语考研题库模拟题及答案一、阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）Passage 1In recent years, the popularity of online courses has surged, offering students the flexibility to learn at their own pace. However, critics argue that the lack of face-to-faceinteraction may hinder the development of critical thinking skills.Questions:1. What is the main topic of the passage?2. What is the advantage of online courses mentioned in the passage?3. What is the concern raised by critics about online courses?Answers:1. The main topic is the rise in popularity of online courses and the debate surrounding their effectiveness.2. The advantage is the flexibility for students to learn at their own pace.3. The concern is that the lack of face-to-face interaction may affect the development of critical thinking skills.Passage 2The impact of climate change on biodiversity is a pressingissue. Scientists warn that without immediate action, many species are at risk of extinction.Questions:1. What is the main concern of the passage?2. What is the potential consequence of climate change mentioned?3. Who are the individuals raising the alarm about this issue?Answers:1. The main concern is the impact of climate change on biodiversity.2. The potential consequence is the extinction of many species.3. Scientists are the ones raising the alarm.二、完形填空（每题1分，共10分）[文章省略，提供5个样题]61. A) rapidly B) slowly C) gradually D) instantly62. A) cause B) effect C) reason D) result63. A) despite B) because C) since D) if64. A) increasing B) decreasing C) remaining D) changing65. A) threat B) promise C) opportunity D) challenge答案：61. C) gradually62. A) cause63. A) despite64. B) decreasing65. A) threat三、翻译（英译汉，每题5分，共10分）Translate the following sentences into Chinese:1. The rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes in our daily lives.2. Environmental protection is a global issue that requires the collective efforts of all countries.答案：1. 技术的快速发展给我们的日常生活带来了显著的变化。
考研英语模拟试题大全及答案
考研英语模拟试题大全及答案Part I Listening Comprehension (30 points)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A) At a bookstore.B) At a library.C) At a lecture.D) At a museum.M: Excuse me, could you tell me where I can find the latest issue of "Science Review"?W: Sure, it's right next to the "National Geographic" on the new arrivals shelf.2. A) He is a writer.B) He is a professor.C) He is a student.D) He is a journalist.M: I'm reading Professor Smith's latest book for my literature class.W: Oh, he's not only a renowned author but also teaches at the university.3. A) She is going to the beach.B) She is going to the mountains.C) She is going to the cinema.D) She is going to the countryside.M: What are your plans for the weekend?W: I'm planning to climb the mountains with some friends.4. A) He is a doctor.B) He is a lawyer.C) He is a teacher.D) He is an engineer.M: I've decided to follow my father's footsteps and become a lawyer.W: That's great. Your father is one of the best in the field.5. A) He is tired of his job.B) He is looking for a new job.C) He is satisfied with his job.D) He is about to be promoted.M: I can't believe I've been working here for five years already.W: Time flies when you enjoy what you do.6. A) She is going to the post office.B) She is going to the bank.C) She is going to the supermarket.D) She is going to the hospital.M: Where are you off to?W: I need to mail a package and then I'll head to the bank to deposit a check.7. A) He is a vegetarian.B) He is a vegan.C) He is an omnivore.D) He is a pescetarian.M: I don't eat any meat, but I do eat fish.W: So, you're a pescetarian?8. A) She is a fashion designer.B) She is a graphic designer.C) She is an interior designer.D) She is a product designer.M: Your designs are really creative. Do you work with fashion?W: No, I design graphics for advertising.Conversation One:M: I heard you're going to study abroad next semester. That's exciting!W: Yes, it is. I'm a bit nervous about the language barrier,though.Q9: What does the woman imply?A) She is worried about the cost.B) She is concerned about the language.C) She is excited about the opportunity.D) She is looking forward to traveling.Q10: What can we infer about the man?A) He is also planning to study abroad.B) He has studied abroad before.C) He is envious of the woman's opportunity.D) He is supportive of the woman's decision.Conversation Two:W: I can't believe how quickly this year has gone by. It seems like only yesterday we were starting our first term. M: I know. I'm already thinking about what I want to do after graduation.Q11: What does the woman mean?A) She is surprised by the quality of the term.B) She is amazed at how fast time has passed.C) She is looking forward to the next term.D) She is worried about her performance in the term.Q12: What can we infer about the man?A) He is considering graduate studies.B) He is planning to start his own business.C) He is thinking about his future career.D) He is unsure about his plans after graduation.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage and then some questions related to the passage. The passage will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have。
英语考研模考试题及答案
英语考研模考试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分，每题2分）1. What is the main idea of the passage?A) The importance of environmental protection.B) The impact of technology on the environment.C) The benefits of sustainable development.D) The challenges of urbanization.答案：B2. According to the author, which of the following is the most effective way to reduce pollution?A) Recycling.B) Using public transportation.C) Planting more trees.D) Developing renewable energy.答案：D3. What does the author suggest about the future of cities?A) They will become more crowded.B) They will rely more on technology.C) They will be more sustainable.D) They will have fewer natural resources.答案：C4. What is the author's opinion on the role of individuals in environmental protection?A) It is not significant.B) It is crucial.C) It is limited.D) It is optional.答案：B5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage asa solution to environmental problems?A) Reducing waste.B) Encouraging carpooling.C) Implementing stricter regulations.D) Banning the use of plastics.答案：D二、完形填空（共20分，每题1分）In recent years, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of environmental protection. Many people are now taking action to reduce their carbon footprint and live more sustainable lifestyles. However, it is not just individuals who can make a difference; businesses and governments also have a role to play.6. ______, the environment is a global issue that affects everyone.A) ThereforeB) ConsequentlyC) MoreoverD) Otherwise答案：A7. ______, many companies have started to implement eco-friendly practices.A) As a resultB) In additionC) On the other handD) For instance答案：A8. ______, governments have introduced new laws to regulate pollution.A) SimilarlyB) LikewiseC) ConverselyD) Nevertheless答案：B9. ______, it is important to remember that change starts at home.A) FurthermoreB) AdditionallyC) HoweverD) Therefore答案：C10. ______, individuals can make a significant impact by adopting green habits.A) In conclusionB) In summaryC) UltimatelyD) Finally答案：C三、翻译（共20分，每题5分）11. 随着科技的发展，人们越来越依赖于互联网。
考研英语模拟题30及答案
考研英语模拟题30及答案一、完形填空题(每题1分，共20分)选择下列答案中正确的一个，选择您认为正确的答案。
Recent legal research indicated that incorrect identification is a major factor in many miscarriages(失败) of justice. It also suggests that identification of people by witnesses in a courtroom is not as 1 as commonly believed. Recent studies do not support the 2 of faith judges, jurors, lawyers and the police have in eyewitness evidence.The Law Commission recently published an educational paper, "Total Recall? The Reliability of Witness 3 ", as a companion guide to a proposed code of evidence. The paper finds that commonly held 4 about how our minds work and how well we remember are often wrong. But while human memory is 5 change, it should not be underestimated.In court witnesses are asked to give evidence about events, and judges and juries 6 its reliability. The paper points out that memory is complex, and the reliability of any person’s recall must be assessed 7 Both common sense and research say memory 8 over time. The accuracy of recall and recognition are 9 their best immediately 10 encoding the information, declining at first rapidly, then gradually. The longer the delay, the more likely it is that information obtained after the event will interfere 11 the original memory, which reduces 12.The paper says 13 interviews or media reports can create such 14 . "People are particularly susceptible to having their memories 15 when the passage of time allows the original memory to 16 , and will be most susceptible if they repeat the 17 as fact."Witnesses may see or read information after the event, then 18 it to produce something 19 than what was experienced, significantly reducing the reliability of their memory of an event or offender, "Further, witnesses may strongly believe in their memories, even though aspects of those memories are 20 false."1、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】B[A] trustful [B] reliable [C] innocent [D] considerable2、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】B[A] rate [B] degree [C] extent [D] scale3、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】D[A] Manifestation [B] Declaration [C] Presentation [D] Testimony4、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】A[A] perceptions [B] acceptances [C] permissions [D] receptions5、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】A[A]subject to [B]liable for [C]incapable of [D]attributable to6、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】A[A] assess [B] appreciate [C] calculate [D] speculate7、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】D[A] interactively [B] comparatively [C] horizontally [D] individually8、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】B[A] descends [B] declines [C] inclines [D]degrades9、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】A[A]at [B]in [C]on [D]upon10、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】B[A]before [B]after [C]when [D]until11、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】A[A] with [B] in [C] at [D] on12、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】B[A] appropriacy [B] accuracy [C] originality [D] preceding13、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】C[A] consequent [B] successive [C] subsequent [D] preceding14、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】A[A] distortions [B] transformed [C] malfunctions [D] malformations15、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】D[A] altered [B] transformed [C] converted [D] modified16、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】A[A] fade [B] diminish [C] lessen [D] dwell17、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】A[A] misinformation [B] mistreatment [C] misguidance [D] misjudgment18、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】D[A] associate [B] connect [C] link [D] integrate19、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】A[A] other [B] rather [C] more [D] less20、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】D[A] invariably [B] constantly [C] justifiably [D] verifiably二、阅读理解题(每题1分，共20分)选择下列答案中正确的一个，选择您认为正确的答案Text1The first English settlers in North America were extraordinarily unlucky weather-wise, conclude scientists who have looked at centuries of climate data. Their analysis suggests that two-early-settlements reached crisis points because the colonists arrived during the worst periods of drought in 800 years.The fate of 120 colonists who arrived at Roanoke Island on the North Carolina coast in 1587 has always been a mystery. A supply ship from England docked in 1590 to find the colony abandoned, with few records to explain what had happened. Two decades later, the Jamestown colony in Virginia reported thousands of deaths from starvation, and the settlers came close to abandoning their new home.Historians have long blamed the failure at Roanoke and the problems at Jamestown on inexperience, ineptitude, internal quarreling and hostile natives. But archaeologist Dennis Blanton, of the College of William and Mary in Virginia, Williamsburg, noted that the Jamestown colonists wrote of the local tribes complaining about poor corn crops and decided to see if climate had played a role. He contacted David Stable of the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville who uses tree ring data to study climate.Stable’s group studied cores from 140 bald cypress trees in Virginia, near the sites of the two colonies. They found that the timing of the unsuspecting colonists could not have been much worse. Jamestown colonists landed in 1607, during the driest seven-year period in 770 years, and colony medical records show a close correlation between the severity of drought and mortality. Roanoke Island habitants were even more unfortunate. Although their drought was shorter it was even drier, the worst in 800 years.Blanton points out that the Jamestown colonists had counted on trading with the natives for food, and that they had brought copper, a metal prized by local tribes. However, the locals proved reluctant to trade in the face of the drought, leaving the colonists short of food. Drought exaggerated the difficultiesbetween two alien cultures, says Blanton.21、The first English settlers in North America were considered extraordinarily unlucky because .[A] they knew too well about the climate[B] they studied centuries of the climate data[C] they arrived during the driest period in 800 years[D] they arrived in summer time（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】C22、Which of the following statements is TRUE?[A] The first settlers of Roanoke Island nearly abandoned their colony.[B] Unlike the Roanoke Island settlers, the Jamestown settlers met with serious starvation[C] The Jamestown settlers were the first English settlers in North America.[D] Few people knew what had happened to the Roanoke Island settlers.（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】D23、According to Dennis Blanton, the real reason for the failure at Roanoke was .[A]inexperience[B]ineptitude[B]hostile natives[D]bad climate（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】D24、Compared with Roanoke Island inhabitants, Jamestown settlers were luckier because .[A] there were cypress trees in Virginia[B] their drought was drier[C] their drought was shorter[D] their drought was less severe（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】D25、The local Indian tribes were reluctant to trade with Jamestown settlers because .[A] they themselves didn’t have enough to eat[B] they knew too little about the value of the copper brought by the settlers[C] they had quite different cultures with the new settlers[D] they considered the new settlers to be their enemy（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】AText2In the early days of the United States, postal charges were paid by the recipient and charges varied with the distance carried. In 1825, the United States Congress permitted local postmasters to give letters to mail carriers for home delivers, but these carriers received no government salary and their entire compensation depended on what they were paid by the recipients of individual letters.In 1847 the United States Post Office department adopted the idea of a postage stamp, which of course simplified the payment for postal service but caused grumbling by those who did not like to prepay. Besides, the stamp covered only delivery to the post office and did not include carrying it to a private address. In Philadelphia, for example, with a population of 150,000, people still had to go to the post office to get their mail. The confusion of individual citizens looking for their letters was itself enough to discourage use of the mail. It is no wonder that during the years of these cumbersome (笨拙的)arrangements, private letter—carrying and express businesses developed. Although their activities were only semi-illegal, they thrived. Andactually advertised that between Boston and Philadelphia they were a half-day speedier than the government mail. The government postal service lost volume to private competition and was not able to handle efficiently even the business it had.Finally, in 1863, Congress provided that the mail carriers who delivered the mail from the post offices to private addresses should receive a government salary, and that there should be no extra charge for that delivery. But this delivery became a mark of urbanism. As late as 1887, a town having 10,000 people had to be eligible for free home delivery. In 1890, of the 75 million people in the United States, fewer than 20 million had mail delivered free to their doors. The rest, nearly three quarters of the population, still received no mail unless they went to their post office.26、The passage mainly discusses .[A] the increased use of private mail services[B] the development of a government postal system[C] a comparison of urban and rural postal services[D] the history of postage stamps（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】B27、All the following were seen as advantages of the postage stamp EXCEPT that .[A] it had to be purchased by the sender in advance[B] it increased the cost of mail delivery[C] it was difficult to affix to letters[D] is was easy to counterfeit（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】A28、The author mentions the city of Philadelphia (para.2) because .[A] it was the site of the first post office in the United Stated[B] its postal service was inadequate for its population[C] it was the largest city in the United States in 1847[D] it was commemorated by the first United States postage stamp（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】B29、In 1863 the United States government began providing which of the following to mail carriers?[A] A salary.[B] Transportation.[C] Housing.[D] Free postage stamps.（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】A30、The private postal services of the 19th century claimed that they could do which of the following better than government?[A] Deliver a higher volume of mail.[B] Deliver mail more cheaply.[C] Deliver mail faster.[D] Deliver mail to rural areas.（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】CText3The atmosphere is a mixture of several gases. There are about ten chemical elements which remain permanently in gaseous form in the atmosphere under all natural conditions. Of these permanent gases, oxygen makes up about 21 percent and nitrogen about 78 percent. Several other gases, such as argon, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, neon, krypton, and xenon, comprise the remaining one percent of the volume of dry air. The amount of water vapor, and its variations in amount and distribution is of extraordinary importance in weather changes. Atmosphericgases hold in suspension (悬浮)great quantities of dust, pollen, smoke, and other impurities which are always present in considerable, but variable amounts.The atmosphere has no definite upper limits but gradually thins until it becomes imperceptible (感觉不到的). Until recently it was assumed that the air above the first few miles gradually grew thinner and colder at a constant rate. It was also assumed that upper air had little influence on weather changes. Recent studies of the upper atmosphere, currently being conducted by earth satellites and missile probing, have shown that these assumptions were incorrect. The atmosphere has three well-defined strata (layers).The layer of the air next to the earth, which extends upward for about ten miles, is known as the troposphere (对流层). One the whole, it makes up about 75 percent of all the weight of the atmosphere. It is the warmest part of the atmosphere because most of the solar radiation is absorbed by the earth’s surface which warms the air immediately surrounding it. A steady decrease of temperature with increasing elevation is a most striking characteristic. The upper layers are colder because of their greater distance from the earth’s surface and rapid radiation of heat into space. The temperature within the troposphere decreases about 3.5 degrees per 1,000 feet increase in altitude. Within the troposphere, wind and air currents distribute heat and moisture. Strong winds, called jet streams, are located at the upper levels of the troposphere. They normally show a wave shaped pattern and move from west at velocity of 150 mph, but velocity as high as 400 mph have been noted. The influences of changing locations and strengths of jet streams upon weather conditions and patterns are no doubt considerable.Current intensive research may eventually rebel their true significance.Above the troposphere to a height of about 50 miles is a zone called the stratosphere (同温层). The stratosphere is separated from tropopause (对流层顶). Within the lower portions of the stratosphere is layer of ozone (臭氧) gases which filters out most of the ultraviolet rays from the sun. The ozone layer varies with air pressure. If this ozone were not there, the full blast of the sun’s ultraviolet light would burn our skins, blind our eyes, and eventually result in our destruction. Within the stratosphere, the temperature and atmospheric composition are relatively uniform.The layer upward of about 50 miles is the most fascinate but the least known of the three strata. It is called the ionosphere (电离层) because it consists of electrically charged particles called ions, thrown from the sun. The northern lights (aurora borealis) originates within this highly charged portion of the atmosphere. It effects upon weather conditions, if any, is as yet unknown.31、A jet plane will usually have its best average rate of speed on its run from .[A] New York to San Francisco[B] Los Angeles to New York[C] Beijing to Singapore[D] Sydney to T okyo（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】B32、At the top of Jungfrau, which towers 12,000 feet above the town of Interlaken in Switzerland, the temperature is usually .[A] below freezing[B] about 42 degrees colder than on the ground[C] warmer than in Interlaken[D] about 75 degrees colder than in Interlaken（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】B33、Studies in the stratosphere have been made possible by .[A] meteorologists[B] jet planes[C] earth satellites[D] study of jet streams（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】C34、Life as we know it exists on the earth because the atmosphere .[A] contains a layer of ozone gases[B] contains electrically charged particles[C] is warmest at the bottom[D] carries the ultraviolet rays of the sun（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】A35、The title below that best expresses the ideas of this passage is .[A] The Makeup of the Atmosphere[B] Studying the Atmosphere[C] Atmosphere and Weather[D] The Sun’s Rays（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】CText4There was a note on the desk informing me that Mr. Summer, journalist, would be arriving during the night. I was to show him around the factory, allowing him to see anything and anyone."You’d think," I said to Sid, who shared the room with me and who was resting his feet on the desk, "that I had nothing better to do."He turned out to be plump. Mr. Summer and he wore anexpensive grey suit. Over his arm he carried a new pair of overalls. As soon as he was in the room he smiled charmingly at both of us and shook us by the hand. Sid, ironically courteous, offered Summer his seat and himself sat on a tin can in the corner of the room. Summer immediately offered cigarettes. We only took one each."I hope," Summer began, "that I am not putting you out at all." He enlarged his smile and looked at us both steadily, in turn. "My idea, basically, is to look at industry from the other side. One has the management’s point of view, of course. But I want to know how the workers feel about industry.""Exhausted," said Sid. "Most of the time," he added.Summer laughed. His laugh like his voice was steady and soft, discreet, establishing mutual sympathy and understanding. He behaved and looked like a visitor from a distant place where elegance was not the mark of a traitor."That is the kind of thing I want," he said.Above the noise of the cranes as they passed the window we could hear a wail, beginning like one cat in pain but growing until it might have been in a variety of agonies (极度痛苦). Summer jumped in his seat and dropped his cigarette. The door was kicked open and Lennie, who had been making the noise, came in swearing. Summer could not hide his astonishment at Lennie’s appearance, at the red hair to the should ers, the lensless spectacles, the red, six-inch-long nose, the black, heavy moustache."Lennie," I said, "meet Mr. Summer, a writer for the papers"."Thank God," said, Lennie, taking his spectacles off. Since the false nose and moustache were attached to them they also came off. He removed the wig.Lennie was grey-haired and solemn-faced; his nose was still abnormally long. "Pardon me," he said to Summer, "I thought you were one of these fancy managers. No offence."36、What was the purpose of Summer’s visit?[A] To bring information from the management.[B] To check the efficiency of the workers.[C] To find out the attitude of the workers.[D] To examine the machinery at the factory.（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】C37、What was the narrator’s reaction to the proposed visit?[A] He thought it would be a waste of his time.[B] He was pleased to have something different to do.[C] He was happy to assist the management.[D] He thought it would cause trouble.（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】A38、When Summer arrived, Sid’s behaviour was .[A] hostile[B] polite[C] nervous[D] indifferent（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】B39、Summer’s manner of speaking showed him to be .[A] a stranger to this environment[B] an inexperienced journalist[C] a prejudiced reporter[D] a man who could not be trusted（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】A40、What does Lennie’s behaviour suggest?[A] He did not like journalists.[B] He did not like managers.[C] He wanted to surprise Sid.[D] He was a cheerful person.（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】B三、单项选择题(每题2分，共10分)选择下列答案中正确的一个，选择您认为正确的答案。
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研究生英语模拟题(附答案)部门： xxx时间： xxx整理范文，仅供参考，可下载自行编辑Vocabulary( 10 minutes, 10 points>Section A (0. 5 point each>Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has one word or a set of words underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on your Answer Sheet.The draught has caused the depletion of supplies and rising of prices.16 A. storageB. Reference C. exhaustion D. exchange注释: depletion耗尽，用尽；reference提及，涉及；exhaustion 竭尽；storage存储；exchange交换。
Social interaction lectures for the purpose of accomplishing some aim and is always directed toward specific other people.17 A. interplay B. event C. behavior D. action正确答案：A注释:interaction意为“相互作用”，interplay亦含有此意。
action行动；behavior行为；event事件。
The century-old hostilities between the two tribes eventually terminated through the persistent efforts of thelocal government.18 A. vanished B. diminished C. worsened D.shrunkb5E2RGbCAP正确答案：B注释:terminate(使>停止；vanish消失；diminish(使>减少；shrunk，shrink的过去式和过去分词(收缩>； worsen恶化。
p1EanqFDPwMany new medicines today tan eradicate diseases before they become too widespread.19 A. wrap in B. work out C. wear out D. wipe outDXDiTa9E3d正确答案：D注释:eradicate根除，消除；wipe out消灭；wear out 穿破；work out 可以解决；wrap in包裹于。
Modern farms are enterprising businesses which keep onlythe livestock that can pay its way.20 A. be profitable B. pay in cash C. pay back the debtsD. be tradedRTCrpUDGiT正确答案：A注释:be profitable与pay its way都有“有益的，有利的”意思。
be traded被交换；pay back the debts偿还债务}pay in cash支付现款。
I couldn’t understand where he got the fantastic idea that other people were poisoning him.21 A. fatal B. fascinating C. fanciful D.feasible5PCzVD7HxA正确答案：C注释:fantastic与fanciful同为“幻想的，空想的”之意。
feasible可行的fatal致命的fascinating迷人的。
The Chinese nation which has the historical record of 5,000 years' civilization is distinguished for its diligence and courage.22 A. consolidated B. distorted C. distracted D. celebratedjLBHrnAILg正确答案：D注释:拥有5 000年文明的中华民族以勤劳勇敢著称。
distinguished卓著的，著名的；distracted心烦意乱的；distorted扭歪的，受到曲解的；celebrated著名的；consolidate 巩固，强化。
xHAQX74J0XThese steps will principally serve the interests of the economically dominant groups who want to protect their assets and resources from the forces of change.23 A. invariably B. primarily C. increasingly D. presumablyLDAYtRyKfE正确答案：B注释:这些措施主要是为那些经济上处于支配地位的集团服务，这些集团希望保护他们的资产和资源不因变革而受损。
invariably不变地，总是；presumably推测起来，大概；primarily主要地；exceedingly非常地，极度地。
At the magnificent banquet a new intoxicating drink was introduced which aroused great interest among the guests. 24 A. appetizing B. warming C. stimulating D. coolingZzz6ZB2Ltk正确答案：C注释:intoxicating与stimulating意思相近，同为“醉人的，有刺激性的”。
appetizing开胃的，cooling冷却的；warming温暖的。
Sometimes our intuitive notions about how society works turn out to be quite accurate.25 A. instinctive B. integral C. intangible D. interiordvzfvkwMI1正确答案：A注释:intuitive(直觉的>与instinctive意义相同。
interior内部；intangible无形的；integral组成的。
Section B (0. 5 point each>Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has something omitted. Choose the word or words from the four choices given to best complete each sentence. When road traffic_____ , the whole town looked very silent.26 A. declined B. diminished C. dissolved D. decayedrqyn14ZNXI正确答案：B注释:diminish减少。
decay腐朽，衰败；decline下降，衰落；dissolve溶解，解散。
Man often wonders how the earth evolved from a hot, violent birth to the celebrated watery planet that ______ in pictures from space.27 A. stands by B. stands for C. stands out D. stands upEmxvxOtOco正确答案：C注释:stand out突出；stand for代表，象征；stand by支持；stand up起立。
A typical bedroom is furnished with a comfortable bed, a beautiful curtain and a _______.28 A. wardrobe B. waveband C. welfare D. warehouseSixE2yXPq5正确答案：D注释:wardrobe衣柜；warehouse仓库；welfare福利；waveband波段。
In such a changing and complex society, formerly simple solutions to informational needs become _____.29 A. complicated B. feasible C. acceptable D. confusing6ewMyirQFL正确答案：A注释:complicated复杂的；confusing使人迷惑的；acceptable可接受的；feasible可行的，可用的。
How does it _____ that he is so badly off when he earns quite a good salary?30 A. come about B. come through C. come to D. come aroundkavU42VRUs正确答案：C注释:come to共计，达到。
come around来访，苏醒；come about发生；come through经历。
After about an early age of 13, _____ have already been formed and ambitions cast.31 A. proceedings B. premises C. particulars D. perceptionsy6v3ALoS89正确答案：D注释:perceptions感性认识，理解力。