2012生物专业英语试题(A)
2012高考生物真题精校精析新课标卷)
七彩教育网免费供给 Word 版教课资源2012·课标全国卷（理综生物）1.[2012 ·课标全国卷 ] 同一物种的两类细胞各产生一种分泌蛋白，构成这两种蛋白质的各样氨基酸含量同样，但摆列次序不一样。
其原由是参加这两种蛋白质合成的（）A.tRNA 种类不一样B.mRNA碱基序列不一样C.核糖体成分不一样D.同一密码子所决定的氨基酸不一样1.B [ 分析 ]本题考察细胞的分化，考察学生的理解、剖析能力。
细胞合成蛋白质过程中，mRNA碱基序列直接决定着氨基酸摆列次序，而同一物种中的两类细胞内tRNA 种类和核糖体成分均同样，同一密码子决定的氨基酸也是同样的，所以本题选B。
2. [2012 ·课标全国卷 ]以下对于细胞癌变的表达，错误的选项是（）A.癌细胞在条件适合时可无穷增殖B.癌变前后，细胞的形态和构造有显然差异C.病毒癌基因可整合到宿主基因组引发癌变D.原癌基因的主要功能是阻挡细胞发生异样增殖2.D [ 分析 ]本题考察细胞的癌变，考察学生的理解、剖析能力。
细胞癌变的原由就是致癌因子（包含物理致癌因子、化学致癌因子和病毒致癌因子）使原癌基因或抑癌基因发生突变，致使正常细胞的生长和分裂失控而变为癌细胞。
癌变后的细胞在形态构造上与正常细胞有显然的差异，所以A、B、C选项是正确的。
原癌基因的作用主假如负责调理细胞周期，控制细胞生长和分裂的进度；抑癌基因的作用主要是阻挡细胞发生不正常的增殖，所以D错误。
3.[2012 ·课标全国卷 ] 哺乳动物因长时间未饮水致使机体脱水时，会发生的生理现象是（）A.血浆浸透压降低B.抗利尿激素分泌增添C.下丘脑浸透压感觉器遇到的刺激减弱D.肾小管和会合管对水的重汲取作用减弱3.B [ 分析 ]本题考察哺乳动物内环境稳态及其调理，考察学生的理解能力。
哺乳动物脱水时，细胞外液的浸透压会高升，血浆浸透压也会高升，对下丘脑浸透压感觉器的刺激加强，进而产生更多的抗利尿激素，促使肾小管和会合管对水分的重汲取，所以 B 正确。
2012年英语专四真题及答案完整版绝对完整
2012专四听写参考答案Nowadays, many of us try to live in a way that will damage the environment as little as possible. We recycle our newspapers and bottles, we take public transport to get to work, we try to buy locally produced fruit and vegetables，and we want to take these attitudes on holiday with us. This is why alternative forms of tourism are becoming popular in the world. There are a lot of names for these new forms of tourism: responsible tourism, nature tourism, adventure tourism, educational tourism and more.Although everyone may have a different definition, most people agree that these new forms of tourism should do the following: first, they should conserve the wildlife and culture of the area; second, they should benefit the local people; third, they should make a profit without destroying natural resources; and finally they should provide an experience that tourists want to pay for.2012专四听力参考答案说明：由于是一次性听力并作答，没有反复斟酌，不能保证答案百分百正确，但是能保证百分之九十以上正确。
2012高考试题—理综(安徽卷)生物解析版.pdf
Lesson 31 Danny Tells All Lead in appendix 阑尾 appendicitis 阑尾炎 一、 Teaching aims: 1. Know the new words of this lesson. They are: appendicitis appendix 2. Master the phrase of this lesson: fall ill , be ill. 3. Dictate this text with your own words. Presentation 二 、 (一） Read the text of the part one and answer the following questions: 1.Who has something to tell the class about Danny ? 2.How did Danny feel about missing school this week? 3.When Brian reads the letter, what did the other students do? （二） Read the part two and answer the following questions:1.What’s wrong with Danny?2.How did the doctor deal with Danny’s illness?3.What did the doctor tell Danny to do after the operation(手术）？4.In Danny’s room, is there a TV? 1.everyone 是不定代词，相当于everybody，意为“人人，大家”只作主语或宾语，作主语时，谓语用单数形式。
如： Everyone is interested in learning English in our class. 2.have something to tell you about Danny其中的something常带动词不定式作定语。
2012年度全国职称英语等级考试全真模拟试题(卫生类A+B+C级含答案)
2012年度全国职称英语等级考试全真模拟试题卫生类A+B+C级（含答案）全国职称英语等级考试全真模拟题卫生类A级（一）第一部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分）下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1 The union representative put across her argument very effectively.A explainedB inventedC consideredD accepted2 He talks tough but has a tender heart.A heavyB strongC kindD wild3 It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy.A makingB takingC discussingD expecting4 Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing.A wasteB buyC useD sell5 The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters.A functionB abilityC powerD volume6 Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs.A tenselyB nearlyC carefullyD closely7 Her faith upheld her in times of sadness.B excitedC inspiredD directed8 The book provides a concise analysis of the country's history.A cleanB perfectC realD brief9 It is laid down in the regulations that all members must carry their membership cards at all times.A suggestedB warnedC statedD confirmed10 The council meeting terminated at 2 o'clock.A beganB continuedC endedD resumed11 A red flag was placed there as a token of danger.A signB substituteC proofD target12 However bad the situation is, the majority is unwilling to risk change.A reluctantB eagerC pleasedD angry13 It has been said that the Acts provided a new course of action and did not merely regulate or enlarge an old one.A limitB controlC replaceD offset14 The secretary is expected to explore ideas for post-war reconstruction of the area.A denyB investigateC stressD create15 The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargo by water.A graduallyC excessivelyD exceptionally第二部分：阅读判断（第16~22题，每题1分，共7分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。
2012年考研英语阅读Part A答案及解析
2012年考研英语阅读Part A答案及解析(Text 1第一篇文章出自 2011年3月24日的时代周刊（Times）上的一篇文章有关Herd Mentality的文章，维基百科上关于Herd Mentality的定义是：Herd mentality(从众心态) describes how people are influenced by their peers to adopt certain behaviors, follow trends, and/or purchase items. （从众心态描述的是人们怎样受到同辈人的影响去接受某些行为，追随潮流或购买东西），通俗的讲就是讲述人们的一种从众心态。
/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2061234,00. html21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as 根据第一段，来自同龄人的压力通常会变成为：[A] a supplement to the social cure 对社会治疗的一种补充[B] a stimulus to group dynamics 对团队活力的一种促进[C] an obstacle to school progress 对学校进步的一种阻碍[D] a cause of undesirable behaviors 不良行为的起因正确答案[D]理由：本题属于段落推理题，依据题干关键词peer pressure often emerge as=become回到原文查找到第一段第三句It usually leads to nogood---drinking, drugs and casual sex.（它指代前面的同辈人的压力通常不会导致任何好处，比如喝酒、毒品和乱性），由此可见同辈人的压力通常会给人带来坏处，也就是说带来消极的结果，属于贬义的方向，因此选项[D]中的cause 和原文的lead to, undesirable behaviors属于不好习惯的上义词，但都属于同义替换的命题技巧。
生物专业英语试题附答案
---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------生物专业英语试题附答案生物专业英语试题及答案一、将下列英文术语或缩写译为合乎学术规范的中文术语： 1、Odorant receptor 气味受体（气味感受器、嗅觉受体、嗅觉感受器也得 1 分；仅答受体或感受器，则得 0.5 分）。
2、Differentially expressed gene 差异化表达基因（答为“不同表达基因”，仅得 0.5 分）。
3、MOE 主要嗅（觉）上皮[答为“嗅（觉）上皮”也得 1 分；若写出其英文术语全称“Main olfactory epithelium”，也得分]。
4、VNO4 犁鼻器（答为“信息素外周感受器”也得 1 分；若写出其英文术语全称“Vomeronasal organ”，也得分）。
5、Social behavior 社会行为（答为“社群行为、社交行为”也得 1 分）。
6、Monogamy 一夫一妻制（答为“一雄一雌制、单配制”也得 1 分）7、Vasopressin 加压素（答为“抗利尿素”仅得 0.5 分）。
8、Oxytocin 催产素。
9、Kin recognition 亲属识别。
10、Autism 自闭症/孤独症。
11/ 1611、NIH (美国)国家(立)卫生研究院(所)(若写出其英文术语全称NIH = National Institutes of Health 也得分)。
12、HHMI 霍华德·休斯医学研究所(若写出其英文术语全称 HHMI = Howard Hughes Medical Institute 也得分；或者译为 Howard Hughes 医学研究所，也得全分)。
13、Nanotechnology 纳米技术（纳米科技、奈米技术、奈米科技）。
博大考神2012年职称英语考试卫生类A级试题及参考答案
博大考神2012年职称英语考试卫生类A级试题及参考答案收集：博大教育专家来源：/article-5950.html?page=4第三篇Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like OthersLow-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others, according to a study by a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences food scientist. The research indicates that genetic factors influence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat.Those conclusions are important because recent, well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others, pointed out John Hayes, assistant professor of food science, who was lead investigator on the study.Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke. That is why public health experts and food companies are working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that are enjoyable to eat. This study increases understanding of salt preference and consumption.The research involved 87 carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips, on multiple occasions, spread out over weeks. Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women, reportedly healthy, ranging in age from 20 to 40 years. The sample was composed of individuals who were not actively modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes. They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale, ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind."Most of us like the taste of salt. However, some individuals eat more salt, both because they like the taste of saltiness more, and also because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food.” said Hayes. "Supertasters, people who experience tastes more intensely, consume more salt than do nontasters. Snack foods have saltiness as their primary flavor, and at least for these foods, more is better, so the supertasters seem to like them more.”However, supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in foods such as cheese, Hayes noted. "For example, cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented milk, but also bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt," he said. "A supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant because the bitterness is too pronounced."Hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named Fox and a geneticist named Blakeslee, showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals. As a result, Hayes explained, we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists, and this variation is as normal as variations in eye and hair color."Some people, called supertasters, describe bitter compounds as being extremely bitter, while others, called nontasters, find these same bitter compounds to be tasteless or only weakly bitter." he said. "Response to bitter compounds is one of many ways to identify biological differences in food preference because supertasting is not limited to bitterness.”41. John Hayes points out in a recent study thatA. it is healthy to eat food without salt.B. many people reject low-salt food completely.C. food with less salt tastes better.D. many people accept low-salt tasteless food reluctantly.【答案】：D42. The fourth paragraph describes brieflyA. the purpose of the study.B. the analysis of the research results.C. the research methodology.D. the conclusion of the study.【答案】：C43. The article argues that supertastersA. like snack foods as saltiness is their primary flavor.B. like the taste of saltiness to block sweet tastes in food.C. consume less salt because they don't like intensive tastes.D. like to share salty cheese with nontasters.【答案】：A44. In paragraph 6, the word "pronounced" is closest in meaning toA. weary.B. strong.C. weak.D. strange.【答案】：B45. The last two paragraphs illustrate that taste acuity isA. developed over time after birth.B. related to one's eye and hair color.C. still unknown to scientists.D. genetically determined.【答案】：D第5部分：补全短文(第46~50题，每题2分，共10分)下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。
生物专业英语课程考试试卷A+答案
生物专业英语课程考试试卷A+答案一、单词翻译（中英文互译，共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）1.zygote\homology mortality\natality3.chlorophyll\ribulose biphosphate4.meiosis\mitosis5.allele\homologous pair6.光合作用、核糖体7.二倍体、单倍体8.显性、隐性9.腺嘌呤、胞嘧啶10.物种、再生二.判断题（每题1分，共10分，正确打√，错误打?）1.Ribosomes are derived from the nucleoli.2.Light-independent reactions take place in the thylakoid membrane.3.All daughter cells are haploid.4.Sexual organisms cannot be cloned.5.Mendel's second law states that characters are inherited dependently.6.The sequence of bases on the DNh molecule carries the genetic information.7.Fungal mitosis，unlike mitosis in all other organism，occurs within the nucleus，8.Parthenogenesis produces only females.9.Subspecies are genetically inferior to full species.petition and predation are examples of density-independent factors.三、阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，共40分）（1）Most animals use more than one species as food.Therefore，the term“food meb”is a hetter description of food relationships than“food chain".A food web is a complex feeding system that contains several food chains. For example, mice, rabbits, and deer eat plants. owls eat mice and rabbits. Mountain lions eat rabhits and deer.These five species are parts of food chains that together form a food web.The first link in a food chain is always a green plant. Only organisms with chlorophy11, such as green plants can make food. for example, the first link aquatic food chains is algae. Most algae are microscopic green plants that produce food by photosynthesis. In photosynthesis, energy from sunlight converts carbon dioxide and water to sugar. Tiny fish in lakes, streams and oceans eat algae. In turn, these tiny fish are eaten by larger fish. The larger fish are eaten by still larger fish. The food supply for fish is made by algae. This food is then passed through the food chains as one animal eats another.Organisms may be divided into three groups based on how they obtain food. These groups are producers, decomposer and consumer. Organisms containing chlorophyll are producers. thus, green plants are producers. Animals that eat other animals and plants as consumers. Microbes, one-celled organisms that cause the decay of dead plants and animals are decomposers. Since decomposers cannot make their owm food, they are also consumers.1. The main purpose of the passage is to .A. determine which food chain is the most efficientB. describe the food network among plants and animalsC. explain the process of photosynthesis in green plantsD. appeal to conservationists to protect endangered plant specics2. According to the author, what is a "food web?A.A complicated system of several food chainsB.A society that distributes foodC. The relationship of one ereen plants to anotherD. The device that spiders use to catch food3. Which of the following would most likely be the first link in a food chain?A. TermitesB. FishC. LionsD. Grass4. The author divides organisms according to , A. how they use up energy B. how they obtain foodC. how much energy they require in order to moveD. whether they live on the land or in the sea5. Which of the following organism could not be a consumer as described in the passage?A.a microbeB.a rabbitC.a treeD.a fish(2) Lichens can be spectacular for anyone who cares to look, but few people take the trouble. Often modestly colored and seemingly two-dimensional as they cling to whatever surface they find, they grow in the background: as though designed to be ignored. Yet they hold a special fascination for botanists, partly because they present mysteries still to be solved and partly because they do so many things so well.No casual observer of a lichen would ever suspect that it was a composite of interacting life forms. The seemingly uncomplicated lichen is actually composed of afungus and a colony of algae(or blue-green algae, which some scientists now consider to be bacteria).A few species even include all three of these diverse forms of life.A complete lichen is strikingly different from its separated partners in both appearance and biochemistry; many produce unique compounds which cannot be made by the component organisms alone.Lichens grow in almost every natural habitat imaginable, from deserts to tropical rain forests-even on the back of certain beetles in New Guinca and inside rocks(along with algae) in the otherwise barren dry valleys of Antarctica.Many species can not tolerate extreme heat, cold or dryness. Very few, however, can survive heavy air pollution, and many live only where the air is very clean. The disappearance of lichens from an area gives warning of a threatened environment.1. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. The versatility and complexity of the lowly lichenB. The hidden characteristics of algae coloniesC. The disappcarance of the lichen speciesD. The habitats of spectacular fungi2. The author states that lichens grow "as though designed to be ignored"because they are A. not totally understood by botanists B. troublesome to collect for the purposes of study C. uncomplicated in their intemal structure D. not easily noticed by observers3. According to the author, most people are unaware that lichen is a.A. lcafy plantB. class of simple bacteriaC. two-dimensional life formD. Combination of organisms4. The"unique"compounds mentioned in the second paragraph are produced A. through the cooperative efforts of the lichen's parts B. only under laboratory conditions C. through one of the three possible processes D. once in the lichen's life cycle5. The author implies that lichens might be used to.A. find water sourcesB. destroy unwanted plant lifeC. test for air purityD. provide food in remote areas(3) Insects' lives are very short and they have many enemies, but they must survive long enough to breed and perpetuate their kind.The less insect like they look, the better their chance of survival.To look "inedible"by resembling or imitating plants, is a deception widely practiced by insects. Mamals rarely use this type of camouflage, but many fishes and invertebrates do.The stick caterpillar is well named. It is hardly distinguishable from a bromn or green twig. This caterpillar is quite common and can be found almost anywhere in North America. It is also called "measuring worm"of "inchworm". It walks by arching its body, then stretching out and grasping the branch withits front feet, then looping its body again to bring the hind feet forward. When danger threatens, the stick caterpillar stretchesits body away from the branch at an angle and resains rigid and still, like a twig, until the danger has passed.Walkingsticks, or stick insects, do not have to assume a rigid, twiglike pose to find protection, they look like inedible twigs in anyposition. There are many kinds of walkingsticks, ranging in sizefrom the few inches of the North American variety to some tropicalspecies that may be over a foot long. Then at rest their front legs are stretched out. Some of the tropical species are adorned with spines or ridges, imitating the thorny bushes or trees in which they live.leaves also seem to be a favorite object for insects to imitate. Many butter flies can suddenly disappear from viem by folding their wings and sitting quietly among the foliage that they resemble.6. What is the main subject of the passage?E. Catepillars that live in treesF. The feeding habits of insectsG. How some insects camouflage themselvesH. Insects that are threatened with extinction7. In lines 1, the word "enemies"refers to E. other creatures competing for space F. extreme weather conditionsG. creatures that eat insects H. inedible insects8. According to the passage, how does the stick caterpillar make itself look like a twig?E. By holding its body stiff and motionlessF. By looping itself around a stickG. By changing the color of its skinH. By laying its body flat against a branch9. Which of the following is true of stick insects?E. They resemble their surroundings all the time.F. They make themselves look like other insects.G. They are camouflaged only when walking.H. They change color to make themselves invisible.10. Which of the following are not mentioned in the passage as ob jects that are imitated as a means of protection?A. ThornsB. FlowersC. leavesD. Sticks6. In which paragraph does the author describe the way in which stick caterpillars move?A. Paragraph oneB. Paragraph twoC. Paragraph threeD. Paragraph four(4) Wide-ranging research on tooth decay has recently produced some surprising findings, one indicates that cheddar may actually inhibit the tooth-decay process. It seems to have decay-slowing effect on human teeth if it is eaten immediately after sugar. Thy cheese should have such an effect is unknown. It is speculated that the food might interfere with the acidthat decays teeth or with bacteria that produce the acid. If so, it would be the first common food found to have this useful property. The other suprprising research finding was that heavily sweetened cereals proved ahout equally potent in causing decay whether they contained eight percent,sugar or almost eight times that much.1.According to the passage，how many of the test results were unexpected？A.OneB.TroC.ThreeD.Eight2.According to the passage，what effect does cheddar cheese seem to have？E.It interferes with the function of teeth.F.It makes sugar taste sueeter.G.It decreases the rate at which teeth decay.H.It helps in the digestion of food.3.It can be inferred from the passage that the research on the relationship between cheese and tooth A.has been discredited B.will be slowed considerablyC.has been found to be conclusiveD.will be continued4.Researchers discovered that sweetened cereals were A.important nutritionally B.all surprisingly heavy in sugar C.more expensive than cheese D.all equally harmful to teeth.四、短文翻译（第1题英文短句翻译成中文，每小题2分，共20分，第2题中文翻译成英文，20分，共40分）1.英文短句翻译成中文（1）A1l eukaryotic cells contain most of the various kinds of organelles，and each organelle performs a specialized function in the cell.（2）Photosynthesis occurs only in the chlorophyl1-containing cells of green plants，algae，and certain protists and bacteria.（3）A pictorial display of an organisms chromosomes in thecoiled，condensed state is knon as a karyotype.Karyotype reveal that in most cells all but sex chromosomes are present as two copies，referred to as homologous pairs.（4）An organism that inherits identical alleles for a trait from each parent is said to be homozygous for that traits:if different alleles for a trait are inherited，the organism is heterozygous for that trait.（5）The leading strand is synthesized continuously，while the lagging strand is synthesized in short stretches known as Okazaki fragments.（6）Taxonomy reveals a great deal about the evolutionary relationshipsamong organisms.A clade is a taxonomic unit whose mesbers are derived from a common ancestor.（7）A11 fungi carry out extracellular digestion:they secrete enzymes that digest organic matter，and then they absorb the resulting nutrients.（8）The organs and tissues of the embryo arise during organogenesis，as cells inside the embryo and on its surface become specialized.（9）Populations of a species that are spread out over a broad geographical range are often arrayed in a cline-a gradual change in one or more characteristics as each population evolves adaptations to its own local environment.（10）Just as competition，predation，and other elements interact todetermine the size of a population within a comsunity，population distribution is the result of many interrelated factors.2.短文翻译（中译英）蛋白质很难说明蛋白质在生命系统中有多么重要。
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一、Translate the following words （每小题1分，共20分） 1. derive from 2. preservation 3. adventitious 4. mitochondria 5. multicellular 6. innovation 7. isolate from 8. contemplation 9. devoid of 10. deliberately 11. 吸收、同化 12. 胚胎 13. 甲烷 14.裸子植物 15. 完全变态 16. 异养生物 17.新陈代谢 18.光合作用 19.减数分裂 20.有丝分裂 二、Translate the following sentences （每小题5分，共30分） 1.All organisms are composed of one or more cells, within which the life process of metabolism and heredity occur. 2．Ecologists recognize that ecosystems are further influenced by global phenomena, such as climate patterns, wind currents, and nutrient cycles. 3．The object of taking a sample is to measure in a small population, the sample ，relevant characteristics of the large population from which it came. 4．每一种生物跟其他生物和物理环境的相互作用是如此之多，因此生物学家把生态学这样一门关于生物相互作用的科学分为四个层次：种群、群落、生态系统和生物圈。
5．地球上至少四百万种生命物种中仅仅百分之一是脊椎动物。
6. 达尔文，英国的博物学家，经过30年的研究和观察，在他50岁时写了一本著名的影响深远的书：物种起源。
三、Translate the following paragraph into Chinese （每小题15分，共30分） 1．There are two principal kinds of metamorphosis in insects: simple and complete. In simple metamorphosis, the wings, if present, develop externally during the juvenile stages: ordinarily no “resting ” stage exists before the last molt.. In complete metamorphosis, the wings develop internally during the juvenile stages and appear externally only during the resting stage that immediately precedes the final molt.. 安阳工学院生物学专业英语课程试卷 2011――2012学年第二学期（A ）
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2．Sensitivity. Almost all living things respond to stimuli. Plants grow toward light, and animals retreat from fire. Not all stimuli produce responses, however. Imagine kicking a redwood tree or singing to a mushroom. Different kinds of organisms often react to the same stimuli in different ways. This criterion, although superior to the first one, is still inadequate to define life. 四、cloning （20分） You should write at least 100 words, and
base you composition on the outline give in Chinese below 1. What is the cloning ？ 2. The use of cloning in plant or animals。