杨浦高中补习班杨浦培训机构新王牌高中物理资料15
[VIP专享]杨浦初中高中培训班新王牌教学资料原子结构
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为定值。
同素异形体：同种元素形成的不同单质。
同分异构体：分子式相同、结构不同的有机化合物。
三“同”：
同系物：结构相似（为同一类物质），分子组成上相差 n 个相同原子团的有机化合物。
三.原子质量的表示方法
1.原子的质量数
质量数(A)＝质子数(Z)＋中子数(N) ，对象：具体的某一种原子。
2.同位素的相对原子质量
原子结构
学习目标： 1.知道原子和原子核的组成：能说出原子和原子核的组成，理解 AzX 的含义。 2.知道原子结构模型：列举古代哲学家有关物质构成的观点；列举道尔顿、汤姆孙、卢瑟 福在探索原子结构的过程和主要观点。 3.理解同位素：会复述同位的概念，比较同位素的不同原子。 4.知道质量数：说出质量数、质子数和中子数三者间关系。 5.知道元素的相对原子质量：能说出元素的相对原子质量的概念。 6.复述电子云的概念：说出s、p 电子云的形状。 7.核外电子运动状态：从电子层、电子亚层、电子云的空间伸展方向和电子自旋四个方面 来解释核外电子运动状态。 8.核外电子排布的规律：归纳常见元素原子的核外电子排布规律；应用原子核外电于排布 的规律来解释它与元素的化学性质、元素周期律等之间的关系。 9.原子结构示意图：说出原子结构示意图的含义；书写1~18 号元素原子的原子结构示意图 ；使用原子结构示意图解释原子达到稳定结构的倾向。 10.电子式：说出电子式的含义；书写 1~18 号元素原子的电子式；使用电子式解释原子在 形成化学键时得失或共用电子的倾向。 11.电子排布式：说出电子排布式的含义；书写 1~18 号元素原子的电子排布式；使用电子 排布式解释核外电子排布的规律。 12.轨道表示式：说出轨道表示式中包含的信息。 13.常见的离子符号：复述离子的概念；书写常见的离子符号。 14.离子结构示意图：书写 1~18 号元素简单离子的结构示意图；比较离子结构示意图、电 子式等不同表示方法的异同。 15.离子的电子式和电子排布式：书写H+、O2－、F－、Na+、Mg2+、Al3+、S2－、Cl－、K+、C a2+、OH－的 电子式；书写1~18 号元素的简单离子的电子排布式；比较电子式和电子排布 式在表示元素原子核外电子排布的不同特点。 学习重点：结构示意图、电子电子排布式、轨道表示式 学习难点：元素的相对原子质量的计算、电子排布式、轨道表示式
杨浦寒假补习班初中高中补习班新王牌资料第一讲 电磁感应现象 楞次定律
电磁感应复习第一讲电磁感应现象楞次定律知识梳理知识点一、磁通量1.概念：在磁感应强度为B的匀强磁场中，与磁场方向垂直的面积S与B的乘积。
2.公式：Φ＝BS。
3.单位：1Wb＝1__T·m2。
4.公式的适用条件(1)匀强磁场；(2)磁感线的方向与平面垂直，即B⊥S。
5.磁通量的意义磁通量可以理解为穿过某一面积的磁感线的条数。
知识点二、电磁感应现象1.电磁感应现象当穿过闭合电路的磁通量发生变化时，电路中有感应电流产生的现象。
2.产生感应电流的条件(1)条件：穿过闭合电路的磁通量发生变化。
(2)特例：闭合电路的一部分导体在磁场内做切割磁感线运动。
3.产生电磁感应现象的实质电磁感应现象的实质是产生感应电动势，如果回路闭合，则产生感应电流；如果回路不闭合，那么只有感应电动势，而无感应电流。
知识点三、楞次定律基础自测1.如图所示，矩形线框在磁场内做的各种运动中，能够产生感应电流的是()2.(多选)如图所示，在条形磁铁的中央位置的正上方水平固定一铜质圆环。
以下判断中正确的是()A.释放圆环，环下落时产生感应电流B.释放圆环，环下落时无感应电流C.释放圆环，环下落时环的机械能守恒D.释放圆环，环下落时环的机械能不守恒3.如图所示，正方形线圈abcd 位于纸面内，边长为L ，匝数为N ，过ab 中点和cd 中点的连线OO′恰好位于垂直纸面向里的匀强磁场的右边界上，磁感应强度为B ，则穿过线圈的磁通量为()A.BL 22B.NBL 22C.BL 2D.NBL 24.如图所示，一圆形金属线圈放置在水平桌面上，匀强磁场垂直桌面竖直向下，过线圈上A 点做切线OO′，OO′与线圈在同一平面上。
在线圈以OO′为轴翻转180°的过程中，线圈中电流流向()A.始终由A→B→C→AB.始终由A→C→B→AC.先由A→C→B→A 再由A→B→C→AD.先由A→B→C→A 再由A→C→B→A考点突破考点一电磁感应现象的判断常见的产生感应电流的三种情况【例1】(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ，14)在法拉第时代，下列验证“由磁产生电”设想的实验中，能观察到感应电流的是()A.将绕在磁铁上的线圈与电流表组成一闭合回路，然后观察电流表的变化B.在一通电线圈旁放置一连有电流表的闭合线圈，然后观察电流表的变化C.将一房间内的线圈两端与相邻房间的电流表连接，往线圈中插入条形磁铁后，再到相邻房间去观察电流表的变化D.绕在同一铁环上的两个线圈，分别接电源和电流表，在给线圈通电或断电的瞬间，观察电流表的变化电磁感应现象能否发生的判断流程(1)确定研究的闭合回路。
杨浦高中补习班杨浦高中培训机构新王牌物理资料7
【课外练习】一、填空题1．将一条形磁铁插入螺线管线圈。
第一次插入用0.2秒，第二次插入用1秒，则两次线圈中电流强度之比为 ，通过线圈的电量之比为 ，线圈发出的热量之比为 。
2．如图11-B2-18所示，矩形线圈边长分别为a 和b ，置于磁感应强度为B 的匀强磁场中，线圈平面与磁场垂直。
现将矩形线圈从磁场中匀速拉出，第一次所用时间为t 1，第二次所用时间为t 2，则第一次和第二次外力所做的功之比W 1:W 2= ，外力的功率之比P 1:P 2= ，通过导线的感应电量之比q 1:q 2= 。
3．一个边长为a 的正方形线圈，总电阻为R ，以匀速υ通过匀强磁场区域，线圈平面与磁场垂直，磁感强度为B ，磁场宽度为b ，如图11-B2-19。
若a <b ，线圈通过磁场释放的热量为 ；若a >b ，线圈通过磁场释放的热量为 。
4．如图11-B2-20所示，MN 为金属杆，在竖直平面内贴着光滑金属导轨下滑，导轨的间距L=10厘米，导轨上端接有电阻R=0.5欧，导轨与金属杆电阻不计，整个装置处于磁感强度B=0.5特的水平匀强磁场中。
若杆稳定下落时，每秒有0.02焦的重力势能转化为电能，则MN 杆的下落速度υ=米/秒。
二、选择题5．穿过一个电阻为1欧的闭合线圈的磁通量每秒均匀减少0.5韦，则线圈中感应电动势或感应电流的变化为………………………………………………（ ）（A ）感应电动势每秒增加0.5伏； （B ）感应电动势每秒减少0.5伏；（C ）感应电流每秒减少0.5安； （D ）感应电流大小不变，等于0.5安。
6．穿过线圈的磁通量φ与时间t 的关系如图11-B2-21所示，则在下列所述的几段时间内，线圈中产生感应电动势最大的是……………………………（ ）（A ）0～2秒； （B ）2～4秒；（C ）4～5秒； （D ）5～7秒。
图11-B2-21 图11-B2-18 × × × × × ××图11-B2-19图11-B2-22 × × × × × × (a ) ) 图11-B2-23图11-B2-207．如图11-B2-22所示，三角形金属导轨EOF 上放一金属杆AB ，在外力作用下使AB 保持与OF 垂直，以速度υ从O 点开始右移，设导轨和金属棒均为粗细相同的同种金属制成，则下列判断正确的是……………………………………（ ）（A ）电路中的感应电动势大小不变； （B ）电路中感应电动势逐渐增大；（C ）电路中感应电流大小不变； （D ）电路中感应电流逐渐增大。
杨浦秋季补习班杨浦培训机构新王牌资料赵娜 2021 秋季 高三基础总温习 (4)辞汇
回顾版高一（新世纪版）Unit41.kingdom n. 王国2.vary v. 转变3.Christian n. 基督徒Christ n. 基督4.toast v. 烘烤5.major adj. 主要的6.decoration n. 装饰物7.goose n. 鹅8.fireplace n. 壁炉9.disappointed adj. 失望的disappointment n. 失望10.fall on 在（某一天）11.s it down to... 坐下来从事...;开始进行12.round off 使...圆满结束13.be connected with 与...有关14.h ave several weeks off 放几礼拜的假15.United Kingdom 英国16.Easter 复活节17.settler n. 移居者18.cracker n. 鞭炮19.let off 使点燃20.particular adj. 特定的21.packet n. 小纸包22.reunion n. 重聚23.specialize v. 专门从事24.feast n. 盛宴25.prosperous adj. 成功的26.occasion n. 时刻，时候27.solar adj. 太阳的28.calendar n. 日历29.renew v. 使更新30.fortune n. 运气；命运misfortune 不幸31.challenge n. 挑战32.theme n. 主题33.midnight n. 午夜34.symbolize v. 象征35.view v. 看待（某事物）36.giant adj. 庞大的37.silver n. & adj. 银38.lower v. &adj. 降下；较下面的39.stroke n. 一次鸣响at the stroke of midnight午夜钟声最后一响40.annual adj. 一年一度的41.parade n. （庆贺）游行42.spectator n. 观众43.enormous adj. 庞大的44.balloon n. 气球45. a big deal 重要的事情46.keep away 使...远离47.count down 倒计时48.turn over a new leaf 掀开新的一页检测版高一（新世纪版）Unit41.kingdom n.2.vary v.3.Christian n.4.Christ n.5.toast v.6.major adj.7.decoration n.8.goose n.9.fireplace n.10.disappointed adj. disappointment n.11.fall on12.sit down to...13.round off14.be connected with15.have several weeks off16.United Kingdom17.Easter18.settler n.19.cracker n.20.let off21.particular adj.22.packet n.23.reunion n.24.specialize v.25.feast n.26.prosperous adj.27.occasion n.28.solar adj.29.calendar n.30.renew v.31.fortune n. misfortune32.challenge n.33.theme n.34.midnight n.35.symbolize v.36.view v.37.giant adj.38.silver n. & adj.39.lower v. &adj.40.stroke n.at the stroke of midnight41.annual adj.42.parade n.43.spectator n.44.enormous adj.45.balloon n.46. a big deal47.keep away48.count down49.turn over a new leaf回顾版高一（牛津版）Unit 41.studio n. 演播室2.film v. 拍摄3.director n. 导演4.contestant n. 参赛者5.whisper v. 耳语6.faint v. 昏厥7.gasp v. 喘着气说8.seat v. 使坐下9.rush forward 冲上前去10.powder v. （往脸上）抹粉11.cue v. （在演出中）提示12.clap v. 鼓掌13.quiz n. 智力竞赛14.terrific adj. 极好的；极棒的15.ahead of 领先16.tense adj. 紧张的；焦虑的17.beat v. 战胜18.keep still 静止不动19.trend n. 趋势20.surround v. 围绕21.achieve v. 取得；达到22.suspend v. 悬挂23.arrange v. 布置24.viewer n. 电视观众25.digital adj. 数码的26.record v. 将（声、像）录下检测版高一（牛津版）Unit 41.studio n.2.film v.3.director n.4.contestant n.5.whisper v.6.faint v.7.gasp v.8.seat v.9.rush forward10.powder v.11.cue v.12.clap v.13.quiz n.14.terrific adj.15.ahead of 16.tense adj.17.beat v.18.keep still19.trend n.20.surround v.21.achieve v.22.suspend v.23.arrange v.24.viewer n.25.digital adj.26.record v.回顾版高二（新世纪版）Unit 41.Olympic adj. 奥运会的the Olympics 奥运会2.scale n. 规模；品级3.Roman adj. & n. 罗马的；罗马人4.emperor n. 皇帝5.separate adj. & v. 分开的；使分离6.dive v. 跳水7.gymnastics n. 体操8.skate v. 滑冰9.ski v. 滑雪10.gold n. 黄金11.weight n. 重量weight lifting 举重12.determination n. 决心，坚决13.peak n. 顶峰14.amaze v. 使惊讶15.touch n. & v. 触摸16.weakling n. 虚弱的人17.continuous adj. 持续的18.understandable adj. 可理解的19.in terms of 就...来讲；依据20.bring...to an end 结束21.track and field 田径22.stand for 代表23.will power 意志力24.at the turn of 在...之交25.Greece 希腊26.hockey n. 曲棍球27.soccer n. 足球28.equal v. & n. 与...相等29.criminal n. 罪犯30.willing adj. 愿意帮忙，不反对的31.the medal table 奖牌榜32.to help sb. out 帮忙某人解决困难33.as a result 因此检测版高二（新世纪版）Unit 41.Olympic adj.the Olympics2.scale n.3.Roman adj. & n.4.emperor n.5.separate adj. & v.6.dive v.7.gymnastics n.8.skate v.9.ski v.10.gold n.11.weight n. weight lifting12.determination n.13.peak n.14.amaze v.15.touch n. & v.16.weakling n.17.continuous adj.18.understandable adj.19.in terms of20.bring...to an end21.track and field22.stand for23.will power24.at the turn of25.Greece26.hockey n.27.soccer n.28.equal v. & n.29.criminal n.30.willing adj.31.the medal table32.to help sb. out33.as a result 回顾版高二（牛津版）Unit 41.stand n. 摊，小卖部2.car park 停车场3.tidy adj. 整洁的4.immediately adv. 当即5.staff n. 全部员工6.impress v. 给...极深的印象7.service n. 服务8.read v. 写着9.set up 成立10.expand v. 扩展unch v. 开始从事；发动12.branch n. 分支13.swiftly adv. 迅速地14.take over 接管15.ownership n. 所有权16.stand for 代表17.detail n. 细节18.establish v. 成立19.import v. 入口20.as well as 也21.pack v. 包装22.personnel n. （复数）全部人员23.no doubt 无疑地24.chain store 连锁店25.be likely to do 很有可能26.of some kind 某种27.bakery n. 面包店28.convenience store 便利店29.pop into 突然进入30.roll n. 面包卷31.hotpot n. 暖锅32.appliance n. 家用电器33.meet one’s needs 知足某人的需要34.range n. 一系列a wide range of 普遍的35.well-lit adj. 照明良好的36.operate v. 运作检测版高二（牛津版）Unit 41.stand n.2.car park3.tidy adj.4.immediately adv.5.staff n.6.impress v.7.service n.8.read v.9.set up10.expand v.unch v.12.branch n.13.swiftly adv.14.take over15.ownership n.16.stand for17.detail n.18.establish v.19.import v.20.as well as 21.pack v.22.personnel n.23.no doubt24.chain store25.be likely to do26.of some kind27.bakery n.28.convenience store29.pop into30.roll n.31.hotpot n.32.appliance n.33.meet one’s needs34.range n.a wide range of35.well-lit adj.36.operate v.。
春季班高一资料杨中考补习班杨浦高考补习班新王牌教学资料
4．1 任意角的三角比【知识要点】1． 弧度制与角度制的定义：把圆周角的360分之一，叫做一度的角；而把弧长等于半径的这段弧所对的圆心角叫做一弧度的角。
于是2360π=o 。
2． 与α角的终边相同的角的集合：{}|2,x x k k Z πα=+∈。
3． 弧长计算公式：||l R α=⋅。
4． 扇形面积计算公式：21122S lR R α==。
5． 任意角的三角比的定义：设(,)P x y 是角α终边上一点，||PO r =。
则定义角α的六种三角比如下：sin ,cos ,tan ;cot ;sec ;csc y x y x r r r r x y x yαααααα======。
【基础训练】1．若2006α=，则α所在的象限是 （ ）（A ）第一象限 （B ）第二象限 （C ）第三象限 （D ）第四象限2．已知α为第三象限角，则2α所在的象限是 （ ） （A ）第一或第二象限 （B ）第二或第三象限（C ）第一或第三象限 （D ）第二或第四象限3．终边落在y 轴上的角α的集合为_____________________。
4．已知记扇形的圆心角为α，面积为S ，则该扇形的圆心角所对的弧长为_________________。
5．已知角α的终边经过点(2,3)(0)P a a a ->，则cos _____________α=。
【精选例题】例1． 若tan 0sin αα<且cot cos 0αα⋅>，则,2αα分别是第几象限的角？例2．已知一个扇形OAB 的面积是24cm ，它的周长是10cm ，求它的中心角和弦AB 的长。
例3．已知角α上一点()P y 且sin 4y α=，求cos ,tan αα的值。
例4．若22sin 1m m α-=+，求m 的取值范围。
【能力训练】一、选择题1．若sin 0α<且cos 0α>，则3α所在象限为 （ ） （A ）一或三 （B ）二或四 （C ）一、二或三 （D ）二、三或四 2．已知角α的终边上一点(4,3),0P a a a -≠，则2sin cos αα+的值为（ ）（A ）25 （B ）25- （C ）25或25- （D ）以上均不对 3．已知一扇形的圆心角为54，半径20r cm =，则扇形的周长为（ ）（A ）6cm π （B ）60cm （C ）(406)cm π+（D ）108cm4．下列命题中真命题是 （ ）（A ）第一象限的角为锐角（B ）钝角是第二象限的角（C ）小于2π的角是锐角 （D ）终边在x 轴负半轴上的角既是第二象限角又是第三象限角5．条件甲：αβ=；条件乙：sin sin αβ=，则条件甲是条件乙的（ ）（A ）充分不必要条件 （B ）必要不充分条件（C ）充要条件 （D ）既不充分又不必要条件6．下列各三角函数式中，值为正数的是 （ ）（A ）sin 4π⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭（B ）cos 250 （C ）tan(67210)'-（D ）11cot 3π 二、解答题7．已知角α终边上有一点P 1tan 3α=-，求点P 的坐标。
杨浦培训机构杨浦寒春补习班新王牌资料修辞手法的表达效果
语文辅导讲义课题修辞类语句的含义与作用授课日期及时段内容摘要1. 结合语境，学会分析修辞的表达效果和作者所要表达的思想感情。
2.掌握修辞类语句的答题模式，力争少失分、不失分。
教学内容【考点指导】一、考纲考点识记与理解1．4理解常见修辞手法在文中的表达效果。
二、考点相关知识梳理修辞名称作用类别具体作用一般答题格式比喻描绘类（使描写对象生动形象）生动形象：化无形为有形，化深奥为浅显，化抽象为具体，化冗长为简洁生动形象地写出了＋对象＋特性比拟增强语言亲切感、形象性，赋予物以人的情感，使人具有物的情态，使印象鲜明生动形象地写出了＋对象＋特性夸张增强语言形象性，引起丰富想象，突出事物特征，表达强烈的感情，引起读者共鸣形象突出了＋事物＋特性借代突出事物特征，引起联想，生动形象地描绘形象地突出了＋事物＋特性对偶结构类（突出强调，增强语气）形式上句式整齐，便于吟诵和记忆；节奏感强，具有音律美；内容上凝练集中，概括力强，抒情酣畅表达了……，句式整齐，节奏感强，具有音律美排比节奏鲜明，增强气势，使思想内容层层深入，增强说服力和感染力。
用于抒情，使感情抒发更淋漓尽致；用于说理，使道理更透辟雄辩；用于叙事，把事实叙述得详尽周密强调了＋对象＋特性；增强文章气势；层层铺开，逐步深化，对点明主旨起强化作用反复突出思想，渲染感情，富有音乐性，增强节奏感。
承上启下，划分层次突出了……的思想感情，富有音乐性和节奏感；承上启下对比表达类使美的更美，丑的更丑，突出本质，使各自强调了……突出了……（突出强调，增强语气）特色鲜明动人，有时显得爱憎分明反问增强语气，有无可辩驳的力量，富有感染力强调了……，加强了语气设问突出文章重点，增强语势；引起读者注意，发人深思，更好地抒情议论；承上启下引起读者对＋对象＋特性的注意和思考；承上启下反语幽默讽刺；增强战斗性；有的表示亲密友好讽刺了……引用加强真实性，增强表现力、说服力，收到言简意明的效果强调了……，增强文化意蕴和说服力修辞手法表达效果准确把握作者在文中要表达的思想情感（尤其在散文中）表达了（作者）……的情感【典型例题】【奉贤区一模】④坦率地说，打造文化叫得这么响，其中有一个明显的经济目的——发展旅游。
杨浦初中高中培训班新王牌教学资料 第四讲闭合电路欧姆定律应用正稿
第四讲闭合电路欧姆定律应用【典型例题】例1．如图所示，将变阻器R 0的动头P 向右滑动时，分析各电表示数如何变化？例2．某同学将一直流电源的总功率P E 、输出功率P R 和电源内部的发热功率P r 随电流I 变化的图线画在了同一坐标上，如右图中的a 、b 、c 所示，根据图线可知（）A 、反映P r 变化的图线是cB 、电源电动势为8vC 、电源内阻为2ΩD 、当电流为0.5A 时，外电路的电阻为6Ω例3．如图的电路中，电池组的电动势E=30v ，电阻R 2=10欧姆,两个水平放置的带电金属板间的距离的d=1.5cm,在金属板间的匀强电场中，有一质量为m=7×10-5克带电量q=-5×10-10库仑的油滴，当把可变电阻器R 3的阻值调到35欧姆接入电路时，带电油滴恰好静止悬浮在电场中，此时安培表示数I=1.5安培，试求：（1）两金属板间的电场强度；（2）B 点的电势；（3）电阻R 1通电10秒钟产生的热量；（4）要使电池组的输出功率为62.5瓦特，应把R 3的阻值调到多大？例4．在如图所示电路中，闭合电键S ，当滑动变阻器的滑动触头P 向下滑动时，四个理想电表的示数都发生变化，电表的示数分别用I 、U 1、U 2和U 3表示，电表示数变化量的大小分别用ΔI 、ΔU 1、ΔU 2和ΔU 3表示．下列比值正确的是（）（A ）U 1/I 不变，ΔU 1/ΔI 不变．（B ）U 2/I 变大，ΔU 2/ΔI 变大．（C ）U 2/I 变大，ΔU 2/ΔI 不变．（D ）U 3/I 变大，ΔU 3/ΔI 不变．WP /AI /082abc 14例5．如图甲所示电路,当变阻器的滑动片从一端滑到另一端的过程中两电压表的读数随电流表读数的变化情况如图乙中的AC、BC两直线所示,不考虑电表对电路的影响.（1）电压表V1、V2的示数随电流表示数的变化图象应分别为U—I图象中哪一条直线?（2）定值电阻R0、变阻器的总电阻分别为多少?（3）试求出电源的电动势和内阻.（4）变阻器滑动片从一端滑到另一端的过程中,变阻器消耗的最大电功率为多少?例6．如右图所示,电源由n个电动势均为1.5V,且内阻相同的电池串联组成,合上开关S,变阻器的滑动头C从A端滑至B端的过程中,电路中的一些物理量的变化由下图甲、乙、丙三个图给出,电表、导线对电路的影响不计.求:（1）组成电源的串联电池的个数.（2）变阻器总阻值.（3）将甲、乙、丙三个图上的a、b、c、d各点的坐标补齐.（甲图为输出功率与路端电压关系曲线;乙图为路端电压与总电流关系曲线;丙图为电源的效率与外电路电阻关系曲线）【强化训练】1．电源电动势的大小反映的是（）A ．电源把电能转化为其他形式的能的本领的大小B ．电源把其他形式的能转化为电能的本领的大小C ．电源在单位时间内传送电荷量的多少D ．电流做功的快慢2．关于电动势，下列说法正确的是（）A ．电源两极间的电压等于电源电动势B ．电动势越大的电源，将其他形式的能转化为电能的本领越大C ．电源电动势的数值等于内、外电压之和D ．电源电动势与外电路的组成无关3．如图所示的电路中，电源E 的电动势为3.2V ，电阻R 的阻值为30Ω，小灯泡L 的额定电压3.0V ，额定功率4.5W ，当开关S 按位置1时，电压表的读数为3V ，那么当开关S 接到位置2时，小灯泡L 的发光情况是（）A ．很暗，甚至不亮B ．正常发光C ．比正常发光略亮D ．有可能被烧坏4．如图所示电路中，平行金属板水平放置，板间有一质量为m 的带电油滴悬浮在两板间静止不动。
杨浦高中补习班杨浦高考培训机构新王牌资料14年3+1试卷
杨浦区2013学年度第一学期高三年级学业质量调研英语试卷2014. 1本试卷分为第I卷（第1-11页）和第II卷（第12页）两部分。
全卷共12页。
满分150分。
考试时间120分钟。
考生注意：1．答第I卷前，考生务必将条形码粘贴在答题纸的指定区域内。
2．第I卷（1-16小题，41---77小题）由机器阅卷，答案必须全部涂写在答题卡上。
考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。
注意试题题号和答题卡编号一一对应，不能错位。
答案需要更改时，必须将原选项用橡皮擦去，重新选择。
答案写在试卷上一律不给分。
第I卷中的第17-40小题，78-81小题和第II卷的试题，其答案用钢笔或水笔写在答题纸的规定区域内，如用铅笔答题，或写在试卷上则无效。
第I卷（共103分）I.Listening ComprehensionSection A Short conversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. $30. B. $10. C. $27. D. $20.2. A. Two passengers on the bus. B. Policeman and driver.C. Hotel receptionist and traveler.D. Passenger and taxi driver.3. A. He has graduated for years.B. He failed in the graduation exam.C. He is worried about the result of the exam.D. He is not well-prepared for the exam.4. A. A jewelry store. B. A call box.C. A supermarket.D. A change machine.5. A. Tony made a wise decision. B. Tony shouldn’t give up easily.C. Tony can change the class time.D. Tony can find a better reason.6. A. At an airport. B. At a police station.C. At a hotel.D. At a bank.7. A. Sunny. B. Windy.C. Foggy.D. Rainy.8. A. It has failed. B. It will soon be finished.C. It is on-going.D. It was stopped halfway.9. A. Tom’s boss has a twin brother.B. Tom didn’t know where his boss was.C. The person in black shirt is Tom’s boss.D. The person in black looks like Tom’s boss.10. A. Some unregistered students are in the class.B. The professor prepared less than 38 copies.C. The students at the back were late for class.D. A few students forgot to bring their assignment.Section B PassagesDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. The benefit of chewing gum. B. Signs in the classroom.C. The importance of attention.D. Ways to remove the sticky substance.12. A. Do some calculations. B. Write down some numbers.C. Answer questions.D. Finish a test paper.13. A. Ask for a leave. B. Pretend to chew gum.C. Wander in class.D. Take in more oxygen.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. About one and a half hours. B. More than three hours.C. More than two and a half hours.D. About four hours.15. A. Because there was a pet dog trapped in the burning house.B. Because it was a joint fire drill which had been arranged beforehand.C. Because the firefighters wanted to save the homeowner’s posses sions.D. Because the freezing weather added to the difficulty of putting out the fire.16. A. In the neighbor’s garden. B. On the second floor.C. In the garage.D. Near the edge of the roof.Section C Longer ConversationsDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)The problem with much mobile technology is that it’s not really designed to be used while you’re actually mobi le. The human brain can only pay attention to about three things at a time – and concentrate effectively on just one of them. Even though the consequences of smartphone distraction（注意力分散）are sometimes (25) _____ (amuse), they can also be serious.The number of children (26) _____ (admit) to hospitals after accidents in public playgrounds (27) _____ (climb) by about a third in five years, according to NHS data. Experts in both Britain and the US, (28) _____ a similar rise has occurred suggestsome of the increase may be a result of parents being too distracted by their phones (29) _____ (take) care of their children properly.And now comes evidence showing that 11-year-old children are three times more likely to be hurt or seriously injured on the way to and from school than 10-year-olds, since 11 is the average age at which children receive their first mobile phone, six times more likely (30) _____ (send) a text when it happens.(31) _____ quarter of children surveyed admitted that they had been distracted by personal technology while crossing the road. ―There is,‖ the report concluded, ―a clear connection (32) _____ the use of technology and the time of serious accidents with children.‖(B)Self care is necessary for our physical and mental health, yet ofte n it’s the first thing we drop when we find ourselves (33) _____ (stretch) for time. While we’re on the subject of time, let’s talk about priorities. When we feel like we don’t have time to do something important, it is (34) _____ because we’re not making time or because our priorities are not what we actually need. Everything we do with our time is a choice. It (35) _____ feel like we ―have to‖ do certain things, but, in reality, we have complete control over (36) _____ we spend our time.(37) _____ _____ _____ busy you are, you can fit self care into your schedule. Whether this means making it the first thing you do each morning, giving up TV or Facebook time, saying ―no‖ to certain commitments, or potentially displeasing (38) _____, you can fit self care into your weekly routine (39) _____ _____ _____ you prioritize（优先考虑）.Self care doesn’t have to involve a lot of money, nor does it require a lot of time. If you (40)_____ (struggle) to fit self care into your routine, start small, prioritize, and listen to your heart.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Many of us grow up dreaming of becoming an astronaut. Ever wonder what it takes to be one?Take NASA for example.In order to catch NASA’s eye, would-be astronauts must not only stand out in required skills and pass physical and psychological exams, but also find unique ways to __41__ themselves from the harsh competition.NASA’s requirements for becoming an astronaut have changed over the years. Originally, it __42__ candidates with a military flight background, with at least 1,000hours spent in command of a jet aircraft. In 1978, however, NASA __43__ its focus to a more varied group of astronauts: scientists and engineers with at least three years of experience in their respective fields.During the years of shuttle missions, everyone had a __44__: some would focus on robotics, others on spacewalks or maintenance. To work on the space station, astronauts must be able to perform all tasks, which encourage __45__ to acquire different experiences. Jeanette Epps, an astronaut, studied aerospace engineering, worked at Ford Motor Company and took a job with the CIA before joining NASA. She says astronauts’varied backgrounds __46__ to their ability to adapt and learn anything quickly.After ensuring that candidates are U.S. citizens and that they satisfy __47__ education and experience requirements, the selection committee enters a gray area. ―We’re not really looking for one thing, just a good mix of things,‖ said Duane Ross, the manager for astronaut candidate selection and training.To the committee, candidates who take on __48__ outside of the workplace demonstrate curiosity and energy. Many astronauts who don’t have a military background do hold a(n) __49__ piloting license. Some are enthusiastic mountain climbers, scuba divers or skiers. Others are musicians, dancers, or play competitive sports. Choosing to __50__ themselves to different, extreme environments counts as another way to stand out from the crowd.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In a society where many families are torn apart by divorce, and fast-paced modern life often causes parents to lose out on time with their children, the importance of cultivating healthy relationships between fathers and sons is __51__. The following tips maybe helpful.Learn to Talk to Your SonDo not __52__ face-to-face chats; instead, try talking while working on a project together. Watch for clues that he is __53__ to talk, as your son may feel more like talking after dinner rather than first thing in the morning. Be available at any hour, and let your son know it. Give your son verbal affirmation（肯定、认可）, letting him know that he is loved and that you are __54__ to be his dad.Spend Time TogetherParents spend lots of time shuttling kids to practices, classes and various other activities. __55__, the quality time needed to build relationships is often lacking. How dads spend their time shows their sons what is most important to them. Whetherplaying pretend with preschoolers or taking a hike with a teenager, fathers are encouraged to __56__ activities that their sons find interesting.Set Boundaries （界限）__57__ discipline in a loving way shows sons that fathers __58__ care about their education and are concerned about __59__ their character. Fathers should teach their sons to be responsible for their behaviors and respect authority. Knowing the __60__ of their actions helps children control behavior and think before acting. Thus, it is better for fathers to guide their sons by setting clear expectations and reasonable __61__.Teaching Respectful BehaviorBy modeling respectful behavior, fathers demonstrate __62__ reactions and expression of feelings for their sons. Communicating positive emotions and controlling negative ones shows sons how to healthily __63__ their feelings. Fathers have the responsibility of teaching their sons to __64__ women and not view them as objects. This will help them foster healthy relationships in the future. Additionally, by showing respect toward the son's mother, a father not only sets the standard of __65__ behavior but also develops a sense of security and acceptance.51. A. apparent B. remarkable C. principal D. essential52. A. neglect B. force C. enjoy D. exchange53. A. curious B. active C. ready D. likely54. A. ashamed B. eager C. willing D. proud55. A. However B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise56. A. involve in B. hold on C. participate in D. insist on57. A. Debating on B. Devoting to C. Carrying out D. Complaining about58. A. critically B. flexibly C. deliberately D. genuinely59. A. recognizing B. shaping C. creating D. changing60. A. consequences B. reactions C. motivations D. procedures61. A. directions B. limits C. examples D. suggestions62. A. extreme B. passionate C. appropriate D. progressive63. A. convey B. ignore C. mix D. hide64. A. value B. overtake C. dominate D. inspect65. A. determined B. balanced C. deserved D. expectedSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Well, parents, surprise! Lots of us are using Twitter and Facebook to find rides, and not just to school. It’s awkward to ca ll a friend and ask for a ride, and half the time they’ll say, ―Sorry, my car is full.‖ But with Twitter, you just tweet #AshleysPoolParty and look for other people heading the same way.It may sound risky, but many teens stay within their own social circles to find rides, and don’t branch out beyond friends of friends when asking on Twitter. For me, I only rideshare with people I know, but to some young people, especially those taking longer trips, stranger danger is less of a concern.The sharing economy got big during the recession（经济衰退）. It allows people to access more goods and services using technology, while also allowing them to share cost. And that technology, for me, is what the car was for my mom, a gateway to more freedom.According to the researchers at the University of Michigan, 30 years ago, eight in ten American 18-year-olds had a driver’s license. Today it’s six in ten. So it’s not that surprising that on my 16th birthday I wasn’t rushing to get a license. All I wanted was an iPhone. Juliet Schor (Sociology professor at Boston College) knows people my age love being connected and for young people driving means they have to disconnect from their technology, and that’s a negative. So if they could sit in the passenger side and still be connect ed, that’s going to be a plus.To me, another plus is ridesharing represents something much bigger than trying to save money. I see it as evidence that people still depend on each other. My generation shares their cars and apartments the way neighbors used to share cups of sugar. For the system to work, some of us still need our own cars. But until I get my own version of the silver Super Beetle, you can find me on Twitter.66. The writer usually rideshares with _____.A. anyone heading the same wayB. people he knowsC. friends of friendsD. strangers of his age67. Fewer young people choose to ride by themselves because _____.A. driving means offering free rides to others.B. getting a driving license becomes more difficult.C. driving one’s own cars causes a negative impression.D. driving makes them disconnected from technology.68. We can conclude from the passage that _____.A. the writer rideshares just to save moneyB. people under 18 are not allowed to driveC. silver Super Beetle is the writer’s favoriteD. the older generation had to fight for freedom69. Which is the best title for the passage?A. Teens use Twitter to thumb rides.B. Tips on reducing risks in ridesharing.C. Car is no longer a gateway to freedom.D. New generation knows how to save money.(B)70.All the zones mentioned below will have shows that allow visitors to come upclose and personal to Hollywood characters except _____.A. HollywoodB. Lost WorldC. Far Far AwayD. Ancient Egypt71. Visitors can enjoy _____ activities at the Ancient Egypt zone.A. fiveB. twoC. threeD. four72. Jane is not fond of terrifying adventures and she prefers places with water. Whichzone will she choose?A. MadagascarB. Ancient EgyptC. Far Far AwayD. Lost World73. According to the advertisement, which of the following statements is FALSE ?A. There is one 3D ride offered in Far Far Away.B. All visitors at Universal Studios can try the rides.C. Children may see some precious stones in the Lost World.D. Two parents and their children should pay $250 during the June holidays.(C)Getting kids to share their toys is a never-ending battle, and forcing them to do so never seems to help. New research suggests that allowing children to make a choice to sacrifice their own toys in order to share with someone else makes them share more in the future. The new findings are published in Psychological Science.These experiments were conducted by psychological scientists, Nadia Chernyak and Tamar Kushnir of Cornell University. They found that sharing things with others when they are given a difficult choice leads children to think of themselves as people who like to share. It also makes them more likely to act in a pro-social （亲社会的）manner in the future.Previous research has explained why rewarding children for sharing can backfire. Children come to think of themselves as people who don't like to share since they had to be rewarded for doing so. Because they don't view themselves as "sharers" they are less likely to share in the future.Chernyak and Kushnir were interested in finding out whether freely chosen sacrifice might have the opposite effect on kids' willingness to share. To test this, the researchers introduced five-year-old children to Doggie, a sad puppet. Some of the children were given a difficult choice: Share a precious sticker with Doggie, or keep it for themselves. Other children were given an easy choice between sharing and putting the sticker away, while children in a third group were required by the researcher to share.Later on, all the children were introduced to Ellie, another sad puppet. They were given the option of how many stickers to share (up to three). The kids who earlier made the difficult choice to help Doggie shared more stickers with Ellie. The children who were initially faced with an easy choice or who were required to give their sticker to Doggie, on the other hand, shared fewer stickers with Ellie. Therefore, children did notbenefit from simply giving something up, but rather from willingly choosing to give something up of value.―You might imagine that making difficult, costly choices is taxing for young children or even that once children share, they don’t feel the need to do so again,‖Chernyak says. ―But this wasn't the case: once children made a difficult decision to give up something for someone else, they were more generous, not less, later on.‖Chernyak concludes.74._____ helps children to share more in the future.A. Rewarding children for sharing stickersB. Requiring children to share their favorite toysC. Allowing children to share what they don’t needD. Encouraging children to share precious things willingly75. The underlined word ―backfire‖ means _____.A. serve as a pushB. have an opposite effectC. cause angerD. avoid taking things back76. Those who were required to share give fewer stickers to Ellie because _____.A. it’s not their own choiceB. they regret what they didC. Ellie is not as sad as DoggieD. they like to share with a real person77. We can conclude from the passage that _____.A. parents will never find a way to get children to share toysB. a gift should be given to make up for children’s sacrificeC. making difficult choices may influence sharing behaviorD. children pretend to be generous when they are being observedSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.The security industry exists to provide and ensure safety of the population. Teams of developers are constantly working on new devices to better protect not only the people but also their properties. Regular existing technologies such as GPS trackers are also being improved and used in innovative ways to prevent various criminal activities.Named after Natalia Estemirova, a human rights activist who was kidnapped from her home and murdered within 24 hours, the Natalia Project is a bracelet （手镯）handed out by the Civil Rights Defenders in hopes of preventing similar tragedies in the future. After all, a majority of human rights activists are situated in constant danger as they fight for freedom and equality. The chunky bracelet was able to produce satisfactory results. Once triggered（触发）, the bracelets will issue a real-time GPS location of the victi m to the Civil Rights Defenders’ headquarters. Nearby contacts will also be alerted so immediate action can be t aken to rescue the victim. What’s most unique about this bracelet is that it will also send an alert to social media platforms such as Twitter and Facebook to notify the public of the attack being placed on the victim.These bracelets will first be distributed to a small group as funding is still a problem. The first five bracelets were distributed by the human rights organization on Defender’s Day in Stockholm, Sweden, on Apr. 5, 2013. ―We would like all human rights defenders at risk to have this alarm, but it costs a lot both for the alarm itself and to build an organization to respond to the alarms and to train the wearers of the alarm. Building a security program around each individual, matched to the specific needs of that person is a complex process. Needless to say, it takes a lot of time and effort to get an alarm up and running to ensure maximum protection for 365 days a year.‖Though the Civil Rights Defenders is an independent non-governmental expert organization, they do receive the support for their hard work through the Swedish Development Cooperation Agency. The potential for this bracelet to prevent kidnapping of regular children and citizens, if made available to the public, will also be endless.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS)78. What happened to Natalia Estemirova?__________________________________________________________________79. The Natalia Project aims to ensure _____________________________________.80. How does the bracelet enable the Civil Rights Defenders’headquarters to takeaction?_________________________________________________________________ 81.Besides the alarm itself, the cost of the project also includes__________________________________________________________________.第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.Tom今天没来上学，因为他染上了流感。
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单摆※
【知识点】知道．．单摆作简谐振动的条件；理解．．
单摆振动规律 单摆的物理模型是：一根不可伸缩、质量忽略不计的细线，一端拴一个具有一定质量的小球，另一端固定在悬点，球的直径比线长小得多，小球在竖直面内摆动，这样的装置叫做单摆。
单摆摆动时，重力的切向分力作为回复力。
如图4-C-8取坐标轴X ，并取回复力为零的点为坐标原点O ，当单摆的最大摆角α≤5 时，小球离O 点的弧长很接近于位移X 的大小。
这时，回复力的大小x l
mg l x mg mg mg F ==≈=ααsin 回，即回复力大小跟位移的大小成正比。
另由分析可知，回复力的方向跟位移
方向始终相反，所以在最大摆角α≤5 的情况下，单摆的振
动是简谐振动。
作简谐振动的单摆，周期公式是：T=2πg L /。
从周期公式可知，作简谐振动的单摆周期和振幅的大小无关、和
摆球的质量大小无关。
[典型例题]
例1：在同一地点有甲、乙两个单摆，甲摆长是乙摆长的4倍，乙摆球的质量是甲摆球质量的2倍，甲摆的振幅是乙摆振幅的2倍。
求在甲摆振动5次的时间内，乙摆的振动次数。
例2：某同学利用DIS 实验研究单摆的摆
动，他将一个力传感器
连接到计算机上，用这
种方法测量快速变化的
力。
如图4-C-9所示是
单摆摆动时，细线上的
拉力随时间的变化规
律。
通过对该图像进行
分析，你能得到哪些信
息？并猜测造成这种结
果的原因。
O
【课内练习】
1．选择适当的器材组成单摆：摆线______(尼龙线、棉线)；摆球______(体积大小相同的:木球、铝球、钢球)。
2．秒摆的周期___s，摆长____m；如作简谐振动的单摆摆长为0.81m，则周期_________s。
(g取10m/s2)
3.一个单摆的振动周期是2s，求下列做简谐振动情况下单摆的周期。
(1)摆长缩短为原来的1/4时，单摆周期为_____s；
(2)摆球的质量减为原来的1/4时，单摆周期为_____s；
(3)振幅减为原来的1/4时，单摆的周期为______s。
4．甲、乙两单摆，同时作简谐振动，甲完成10次全振动时，乙完成8次全振动，若乙的摆长为1m，则甲的摆长为______m。
5．有一个单摆其周期为2s，若将摆球质量增大为原来的2倍，振幅减为原来的1/4，则频率为Hz，若将摆长缩短为原长的1/4，则频率为Hz。
6.如图4-C-10为一振动中的单摆和它的振动图线。
图4-C-10
（1）单摆振动的起始位置是，在处加速度最大，振幅是 cm，周期为 s，频率为 Hz；
（2）若单摆以偏离平衡位置向右为正，G和F为振动的最大位移位置.那么图线中的O、
A、B、C、D各点对应振动过程中的位置是：O对应，A对
应，B对应，C对应，D对
应；O、B、D各时刻的速度方向为：O向，B
向，D向。
【课内练习2】
1、一个质量均匀的空心球壳用一根长线把它悬挂起来．先让空腔中充满水，然后让水从球底部的小孔慢慢地流出来，如果同时让球摆动，那么在水流出来的过程中振动周期的变化情况是：（）
A．变大B．变小C．先变大后不变D．先变小后不变．
2、单摆的摆球偏离到最大位置时，正好遇到匀速下落的雨滴，雨滴均匀附在摆球的表面，下列说法正确的是（）
A．摆球经过平衡位置时速度要增大，周期也增大，振幅也增大
B．摆球经过平衡位置时速度没有变化，周期减小，振幅也减小
C．摆球经过平衡位置时速度没有变化，周期也不变，振幅要增大
D．摆球经过平衡位置时速度要增大，周期不变，振幅要增大
3、如上右图所示的双线摆其摆线长均为l，线与天花板间的夹角为a．当
小球垂直于纸面作简谐运动时，周期T=。
4、如图所示，在O点悬有一钢绳，钢绳穿过小球B的通过直径的小孔，
使B球能顺着绳子滑下来．在O点正下方有一半径为R的光滑圆弧形轨，
圆心位置恰好在O点．在弧形轨道上接近O处有另一小球A，令A，B两
球同时开始无初速释放，假如A球第一次到达平衡位时正好能够和B球碰
上，则B球与绳之间的摩擦力与B球重力大小之比是。
（取 2＝
10，g＝10 m/s2）
5、如图所示，一个光滑的圆弧形槽AB的半径为R，圆弧所对的圆心角小于50，AD长
为S，今有一小球m沿AD方向以速度V0从A开始运动，要使小球m1
可以与固定于D点的小球m2相碰撞,那么，小球m1的速度v应满足的
条件是
6、将摆长为L的单摆球，从平衡位置拉开一小段离，使悬线与竖直方向的摆角小于50，从静止释放摆球，与此同时，在悬点处有另一相同小球由静止开始自由下落，则：（）
A．摆球将先经过平衡位置；
B．下落小球与摆球同时到达平衡位置相碰.
C．下落小球将先经过单摆的平衡位置：
D．单摆球经平衡位置时的速度比下落小球经平衡位置时的速度大
7、动传感器接到计算机上，就可以测量快速变化的力，
用这种方法测得某单摆摆动时悬线上拉力的大小随时间变
化的曲线如图所示，根据此图提供的信息作出以下判断：摆
球的摆动周期T＝秒。
秒时摆球
正好经过最低点，摆球摆动过程中机械能（填增加、
减少、不变）。
8、如图求下列各种情况摆长为L 、摆球质量为m 的单摆的振动周期，（1）在倾角为a 的光滑斜面上的单摆。
（2）在挂在匀减速运动的车内的单摆。
（3）如图所示。
摆球质量为m 、带电荷量为一q 的单摆，放置在电场强度大小为B 、方向竖直向下的匀强电场中。
9、一个摆钟从甲地拿到乙地，它的钟摆摆动加快了，则下列对此现象的分析及调准方法的叙述中正确的是
（ ）
A ．g 甲＞g 乙，将摆长适当增长
B ．g 甲＞g 乙，将摆长适当缩短
C ．g 甲＜g 乙，将摆长适当增长
D ．g 甲＜g 乙，将摆长适当缩短
10、一个单摆在电梯内，单摆周期增大为原来的2倍，可见电梯在做加速运动，加速度为：（ ）
A ．方向向上，大小为g/2
B ．方向向上，大小为3g/4
C ．方向向下，大小为g/2.
D ．方向向下，大小为3g/4。