气动绞车外文翻译

毕业论文（设计）外文文献翻译学院:专业：机械设计制造及其自动化学号：0942823215姓名：指导教师：2013年 4 月 10 日JT调度绞车Davis, C. S, S. M Ggllager, and M. S Berman设计和初步结果拱水生生物学京能集团摘要调度绞车及其结构特点调度绞车是常用来调度车辆及进行辅助牵引作业的一种绞车。

常用于矿井巷道中拖运矿车及辅助搬运，也可用在采掘工作面、装车站调度空、重载矿车。

调度绞车是一种全齿传动机械。

齿轮传动系统又称轮系。

根据轮系传动时各齿轮轴线在空间的相对位置是否固定，可分为定轴轮系和周转轮系。

定轴轮系又有外啮合圆柱齿轮传动和内啮合圆柱齿轮传动之分，而周转轮系又有差动传动和行星传动之分。

调度绞车的传动齿轮既有内啮合圆柱齿轮传动，又有行星传动，所以调度绞车又称内齿轮行星传动绞车。

调度绞车常用型号主要有JD—0.4(JD—4.5)、JD—1（JD）—11.4）、JD—1.（JD—22）、JD—2（JD—25）、JD—3（JD—40）等。

下面以JD—3（即JD—40）型调度绞车为例介绍调度绞车的组成及传动原理。

（一）JD—3型调度绞车的组成JD—3型调度绞车的主要组成部分为滚筒、制动装置机座和电动机。

绞车滚筒由铸钢制成，其主要功能是缠绕钢丝绳牵引负荷。

滚筒内和大内齿轮下装有减速齿轮。

绞车上共装有两组带式闸，即制动闸2，工作闸3。

电动机一侧的制动闸2用来制动滚筒，大内齿轮上的工作闸3用于控制Z7组运转。

机座用铸铁制成，电动机轴承支架及闸带定位板等均用螺栓固定在机座上。

电动机为专用隔爆三相笼型电动机。

（二）JD—3型调度绞车的传动原理该型绞车采用两级内啮合传动和一级行星轮传动。

Z1/Z2和Z3/Z4为两级内啮合传动，Z5、Z6、Z7组成行星传动机构。

在电动机5轴头上安装着加长套的齿轮Z1，通过内齿轮Z2、齿轮Z3和内齿轮Z4，把运动传到齿轮Z5上，齿轮Z5是行星轮系的中央轮（或称太阳轮），再带动两个行星齿轮Z6和大内齿轮Z7。

行星齿轮自由地装在2根与带动固定连接的轴上，大内齿轮Z7齿圈外部装有工作闸，用于控制绞车滚筒运转。

若将大内齿轮Z7上的工作闸3闸住，而将滚筒上的制动闸2松开，此时电动机转动由两级内啮轮传动到齿轮Z5、Z6和Z7。

但由于Z7已被闸住，不能转动，所以齿轮Z6只能一方面绕自己的轴线自转，同时还要绕齿轮Z5的轴线（滚筒中心线）公转。

从而带动与其相连的带动转动，此时Z6的运行方式很类似太阳系中的行星（如地球）的运动方式，齿轮Z6又称行星齿轮，其传动方式称为行星传动。

反之，若将大内齿轮Z7上的工作闸3松开，而将滚筒上的制动闸2闸住，因Z6与滚筒直接相连，只作自转，没有公转，从Z1到Z7的传动系统变为定轴轮系，齿轮Z7做空转。

倒替松开（或闸住）工作闸3或制动闸2，即可使调度绞车在不停电动机的情况下实现运行和停车。

当需要作反向提升时，必须重新按动启动按钮，使电机反向运转。

需要注意的是，当电动机启动后，不准将工作闸和制动闸同时闸住，这样会烧坏电动机或发生其他事故。

二、调度绞车日常检查维护的内容(1)检查各部位螺栓、销子、螺母、垫圈等，如有松动、脱落，应及时拧紧和补全。

(2)检查信号装置及电动机运行操作按钮是否完好和有无失爆现象，信号发出是否清楚和明亮，否则应修理或更换。

(3)检查滚筒有无损坏或破裂，钢丝绳头固定是否牢固，轴承有无漏油，钢丝绳排列是否整齐，有问题应及时处理。

(4)检查闸带有无裂纹，磨损是否超限(应留有不少于3 mm厚度)，拉杆螺栓、叉头、闸把、销轴等是否有损伤或变形，背紧螺母是否松动，有问题应调整和处理。

(5)检查闸把及杠杆系统动作是否灵活，施闸后，闸把不得达到水平位置，应当比水平位置略有上翘。

(6)检查固定绞车的顶柱和戗柱是否牢固，基础螺栓或锚杆是否有松动，底座有无裂纹，有问题应及时处理。

(7)检查电动机空载启动是否正常，接地是否良好，启动器等电气设备是否符合防爆和完好要求。

(8)检查轴承及电动机、开关、电缆、闸带等是否温度过高，发现问题应查明原因，采取措施进行处理。

(9)经常擦拭绞车，清理浮尘和杂物，保持周围环境整洁。

绞车的安全操作、检查与维护三、绞车常见故障及处理(一)绞车滚筒产生异响的主要原因及处理方法1．绞车滚筒产生异响的主要原因(1)滚筒筒壳螺栓松动。

(2)筒壳和支轮(法兰盘)之间间隙过大。

(3)滚筒筒壳产生裂纹。

(4)焊接筒壳开焊。

(5)游动滚筒和衬套的固定螺钉松动，造成游动滚筒和衬套之间有相对滑动。

(6)衬套与主轴之间间隙磨损过大。

(7)蜗轮螺杆式离合器有松动。

2．处理方法根据检查情况，确定处理方法。

如对松动的螺帽等，可在交接班停产时紧固；如果响声不严重，可适当减轻绞车负载，注意观察，维持到规定的停产检修时进行修理；如果响声严重，则应立即停车修理或更换，以免事故扩大。

(二)绞车滚筒上钢丝绳排列不整齐的危害、原因及处理方法，1．绞车滚筒上钢丝绳排列不整齐的危害(1)加快钢丝绳磨损。

钢丝绳在滚筒上杂乱缠绕时，牵引受力绳经常要在杂乱排绳中挤出来又压进去，造成严重磨损，造成钢丝绳直径磨细和断丝增多，缩短了钢丝绳的使用寿命。

(2)造成钢丝绳滑出滚筒外。

钢丝绳排列不整齐，必然产生堆挤现象，损坏护绳板，当堆挤高度超过滚筒边缘高度时，钢丝绳极易滑出滚筒外，轻者断丝，重者断绳跑车。

2．绞车滚筒上钢丝绳排列不整齐的主要原因(1)绞车布置不当，即提升钢丝绳偏角不符合规定要求。

(2)绞车天轮(导轮)缺油，不能随钢丝绳在滚筒上缠绕时左右滑动。

(3)绞车排绳装置失效或已被拆除。

(4)操作不当，缠绕不紧。

3．处理方法根据不同情况，对症处理。

属安装质量和排绳装置失效等情况的，要及时汇报请求派人处理，属操作或维护不当的，要认真按照规定精心操作和维护；斜巷绞车尤其要注意清除途中障碍，防止在下放重物时钢丝绳忽松忽紧。

(三)绞车减速器运转中产生异响和振动的原因及处理方法1．减速器运转中产生异响和振动的主要原因(1)齿轮啮合间隙过紧或过松。

(2)轴承间隙过大，一般表现为下放空载时响声大，重载提升时响声小。

(3)减速器或轴承螺栓松动。

(4)减速器内掉人异物。

2．处理方法(1)调整齿轮啮合间隙至适当位置，若磨损严重，则应更换齿轮。

(2)对松弛的轴承进行修理或更换。

(3)注意紧固松动的螺钉。

(4)若有异物掉进减速器内，应立即停运，排除故障。

(四)绞车制动闸发热的原因及处理1．绞车制动闸发热的原因(1)用闸过早、过多、过猛。

(2)重物下放时经常使用制动闸，绞车没有电气动力制动系统，单滚筒绞车常有此种情况。

(3)闸瓦螺栓松动或闸瓦磨损过度，螺栓头触及闸轮(或闸盘)。

(4)闸瓦与闸轮(或闸盘)安装不正确，接触面积过小。

(5)闸轮(或闸盘)摆动较大。

2．预防和处理方法不断总结操作经验，探索操作方法，提高操作技术水平；严绞车的安全操作、检查与维护格控制牵引负荷，严禁负荷下放时电机不送电松闸放飞车；经常检查维护，注意闸瓦与闸轮(或闸盘)的接触情况。

(五)盘式制动闸松不开闸的原因及预防处理方法1．盘式制动闸松不开闸的主要原因(1)制动操作handle丝杠拉杆长度调整不合适。

(2)制动操作handle摆动角度不合适。

(3)溢流阀节流孔堵塞或滑阀卡死失灵。

(4)溢流阀密封不严或电液调压装置漏油。

(5)电液调压装置的动作圈引出线焊接不牢或断线。

2．预防处理方法及时调整制动操作handle动作位置，定期清洗液压系统的油过滤器，保持液压油的清洁，避免阀孔堵塞。

(六)按启动按钮，绞车电机不转的原因及处理方法1．主要原因(1)电源有故障，如停电、断相、电动机或线路接地，接地保护断电或电源电压过低。

(2)停止按钮未复原位。

(3)启动器内部有故障。

(4)操作电缆断线。

(5)电动机烧毁。

2．处理方法先检查电源，如本机电源电缆上的其他机电设备都开不动，则肯定是电源停电，应及时汇报，请求送电。

再检查按钮，必须把所用开关handle打到停电位置，方可拆开按钮检查，不得在检修中损坏其防爆性能。

其他几项情况必须请专职电工检查处理。

(七)按停止按钮，电动机不停止的原因及处理方法1．主要原因(1)操作按钮失灵或过于潮湿。

(2)操作线短路或接地。

(3)磁力启动器主接点或辅助接点烧损粘连而不能离开。

(4)消弧罩卡住触头，不能离开。

(5)中间继电器接点不断开。

(6)磁力启动器放置不正，或被碰向后倾倒超过15°。

2．处理方法应紧急扶正磁力启动器，把绞车所属磁力启动器的操作手柄打向停止位置。

事先应该用调闸方法先将提升负荷停住，防止拉闸时磁力启动器内隔离刀闸产生过大的停电火花。

(八)电动机单相运转的原因及处理方法1．绞车电动机单相运转的特征及危害(1)无论正向启动或反向启动，电机都发生沉闷的嗡嗡声，但电机始终不会转动。

(2)如在运行时出现电机单相运转，则电动机仍保持原来的旋向，但转速明显减慢、发出嗡嗡声，电机开始发热，若绞车配有电流表，则有的指向零位，有的电流值变大。

无论启动或运行时出现电机单相运转，如不及时发现和停机，则可能烧毁电机造成事故。

2．造成电动机单相运转的原因(1)电源缺相(断一相)。

这是由于一相断熔丝或一相断线以及接触器一相接触不良等原因引起的。

(2)电动机定子线圈有一相断线。

这时由于定子线圈接线方式的不同，其影响程度有区别，即星(丫)型接线比三角(△)型接线严重。

3．处理方法迅速停机，查明原因，及时汇报或找维修电工进行处理。

Davis, C. S, S. M Ggllager, and M. S Berman. The Video Planlton Recorder (VPR) Design and initial results Arch Hydrobiol Beih, 36,pp 67-81,1992AbstractFirst、Scheduling and the structural characteristics of winchscheduling winch is used to dispatch vehicles to assist traction and operating a winch.Commonly used in the mine tunnel in the haulage and supporting mine car handling、can also be used in the mining face、with scheduling space station、heavy cars.Scheduling winch is full-gear transmission machinery. Gear also known as the round of the transmission system. According round of the transmission gear when the axis of space in the relative position is fixed、can be divided into fixed and working capital of the axis round of the round. Another round of the axis of cylindrical mesh geartransmission and the cylindrical mesh gear transmission of points、and turnover of another round of transmission and differential planetary transmission of the points.Scheduling the winch within the existing transmission gear meshing cylindrical Gear、another planetary transmission、scheduling winch planetary transmission gear、also known as the winch.Scheduling winch models commonly used mainly JD-0.4 (JD-4.5)、JD-1 (JD) -11.4)、JD-1. (JD-22)、JD-2 (JD-25)、JD-3 (JD - 40).Below the JD-3 (that is、JD-40) as an example of scheduling winch on thecomposition and scheduling transmission principle.(A) JD-3-scheduling of the winchJD-3-scheduling the main component of the winch drum for、brakes and motor frame. From the winch drum made of cast steel、its main function is winding rope traction load. Drum、and the slowdown in gear with the gear.Winch on the two groups with a total installed-gate that is Brake 2、the gateway 3.Motor side of the gate 2 to brake drum brakes、the gear in the work of three gates used to control Z7 group functioning.Use made of cast iron frame、the motor bearings and gates with stent-positioning are fixed with bolts in the plane seat. For Flameproof for the thee-phase motor .(B) JD-3-Dispatch winch the drive principlethis type of winch used two Internal Drives and a planetary gear transmission. Z1/Z2 and Z3/Z4 for two Internal Drive、Z5、Z6、Z7 composition of planetarytransmission mechanism.Motor head in the installation of a 5-axis extended sets of gear Z1、through the gears Z2、with gear Z3 and Z4、the movement spread to gear Z5、the Z5 is the planetary gear wheel of a central round (or round of the Sun) And then led the two planetary gear Z6、and the gear Z7. Planetary gear freely installed in the two driven and connected to a fixed axis、the largest in the gear Z7 Gear work with the externalgateway、used to control winch drum operation.If the big gear Z7 gate on the work of three gates to live、and will be on the brake drum gates 2 release、this time by two motor rotation within the rodents to gear wheel drive Z5、Z6 and Z7. However、due to Z7 gate has been living and can not rotate、so gear Z6 only on the one hand around its own axis of rotation、but also around the axis of gear Z5 (drum center) to the public. Thus connected with the rotation of the lead、then Z6 the operation mode very similar to the planets in the solar system (such as Earth) movement、also known as the planetary gear Z6、its transmission mode known as the planetary transmission.Conversely、if the gear Z7 in the work release gate 3、and will brake drum on the live gate 2、the Z6 directly connected with the drum、only for the rotation、not revolution、the Z1 from the transmission system changed to Z7 For the fixed axis of the round、gear Z7 to go short. Inverted for the release (or live gate) gate work Brake 2 or 3、you can make scheduling winch in the case of non-stop motor to achieve operating and parking. When the need to reverse upgrade、must be re-activated the launch button、reverse the motor running.It should be noted that、when the motor is turned on、the gate and not allowed to work Brake live gate at the same time、it will burn motor or other accidents. Second、scheduling winch day-to-day maintenance check the contents of(1) check each part of bolts、pin、nuts、washers、etc.、if loose、loss should be tightened and timely complement.(2) to check installations and electrical signal Operation button is intact and whether stolen explosive phenomenon、whether the signal sent clear and bright、it should be repaired or replaced.(3) to check whether damaged or broken drum、the first wire rope is firmly fixed、bearing oil spill there、the rope is neatly arranged、the problems should be promptly dealt with.(4) inspection gate with a crack-free、wear-gauge whether or not (should have a thickness of not less than 3 mm)、the tension bar bolts、fork first、the gate、such as whether there is a pin deformation or injury、whether the loose nuts back tight、Problems should be adjusted and dealt with.(5) Check the gate and lever action is a flexible system、Shi gate、the ate may not reach the level position、it should be slightly Sangria than the horizontal position.(6) to check the roof fixed winch-and-beam is solid、based on whether there is a bolt or bolts loose、whether crack base、the issue should be dealt with promptly. (7) To check whether the normal start motor idling、whether good grounding to start with、and so whether the explosion-proof electrical equipment and good demand. (8) Check bearings and motors、switches、cables、such as whether the gate with the temperature too high、the problem should be found to identify the reasons for、to take measures to deal with.(9) Often wipe winch to remove dust and debris、and maintain the environment clean and tidy. Winch the safe operation、inspection and maintenanceThird、winch common faults and deal with(A) a winch drum abnormal sound and the main approach1. Winch drum produce abnormal sound the main reason(1) drum cartridge case bolts loose.(2) Shell and tube-round (flange) gap between too large.(3) Drum cylinder shell cracks.(4) Welding a cylinder shell welding.(5) Walks drum and hub of the fixed screw loose、causing swimming drum and hub between the relative sliding.(6) Gap between the hub and spindle wear too large.(7) A clutch worm screw loose.2. ApproachAccording to the inspection to determine treatment. If the loosening of the nut、in Jiao Ban shutdown when fastening If noise is not serious、may be appropriate to reduce winch load、pay attention to observe、to maintain the provisions of the maintenance shutdown at the repair if the beep serious、they should immediately Parking repaired or replaced、so as to avoid accidents expand.(B) On the rope winch drum with Bu Shangri hazards、causes and treatment methods、1. Winch drum on the rope with the harm Bu Shangri(1) speed up the rope wear. Rope in the mess on the winding drum、traction force to justice often ranked in the mess in the rope and pressure to get out、causing serious wear、resulting in diameter steel wire rope and wire break more ground and shorten the life of the rope.(2) Of wire rope slid off the drum. Rope with Bu Shangri、an inevitable phenomenon of a crowded heap for damage to justice board、when the reactor crowded the edge of more than high rollers、the rope easily slid off the drum、light、broken wires、heavy sports car、and broken rope.2. Winch drum on the main rope with Bu Shangri(1) winch layout properly that is hoisting cable angle non-compliance requirements.(2) Winch Titanium (Preliminary round) Quemoy not with the rope on the winding drum at about sliding.(3) Ranked rope winch device failure or have been removed.(4) Improper operation the wound is not tight.3. ApproachAccording to different situations symptomatic treatment. The installation of quality and exclusive rope devices such as the failure to timely report on the request sent treatment、operation or maintenance of an improper、we should conscientiously in accordance with the provisions of meticulous operation and maintenance; Inclined Drift winch paying particular attention to removing obstacles on their way to prevent the re-delegate Of Mandrel、tight-rope Mandrel.(C) Winch reducer operation abnormal sound and vibration generated in the causes and treatment1. Reducer functioning of abnormal sound and vibration generated in the main(1) gears meshing space tight or too loose.(2) Bearing gap is too large、the general performance of the decentralization empty at the beep、beep when upgrading heavy small.(3) Or bearing reducer bolts loose.(4) Reducer in the swap was foreign bodies.2. Approach(1) adjusting the gears meshing gap to a suitable position、if the wear and gear should be replaced.(2) Relaxation of the repair or replacement of bearings.(3) Pay attention to tighten loose screws.(4) If it has fallen into foreign body reducer、should be immediately suspended、and troubleshooting.(D) Winch brake gate of the reasons for and treatment of fever1. Brake winch for fever(1) a gate too early、too excessive.(2) Weights are often delegated to use Brake、no electrical power winch braking systemEC、single-drum winch often such a situation.(3) Brake shoe loose bolts or excessive brake wear、the bolt hit the first round of gate (or gateway disc).(4) Brake shoe and the gateway round (or gateway disk) was not installed correctly; the contact area is too small.(5) Gate Ferry (or gateway disc) swing more.2. Prevention and treatmentConstantly sum up experience in operations、and explore methods of operation and improve the level of technique; strict winch the safe operation、inspection and maintenance of traction control grid load、no-load、do not send delegate at the motor-vehicle gate flying; regular maintenance checks、pay attention to brake shoe and the gateway Round (or gate-) exposure.(5) Disc Brake-meters does not deal with the causes and prevention methods1. Brake-song disc is not the main meters(1) brake operation handle screw drawbars length adjustment inappropriate.(2) Brake operation handle swing point of view inappropriate.(3) Relief valve plug the hole cut expenditure or slide valve failure death card.(4) Relief valve surge devices or electro-hydraulic oil spills.(5) electro-hydraulic device moves lap surge Inch Xian welding is not strong or disconnected.2. Prevention approachesthe timely adjustment of brake operation handle moves location、regular cleansing of the hydraulic system of oil filters、hydraulic oil to maintain the cleanliness and avoid valve plug the hole.(6) The launch button、do not turn the winch motor and Treatment1. Main(1) A power failure、such as power failures、break phase、motor or grounding line、grounding the protection of power supply voltage or too low.(2) Stop button did not recover bit.(3) Have launched internal fault.(4) Cable operator disconnected.(5) Motor burned.2. ApproachTo check power、such as the local power supply cables on the other electrical and mechanical equipment are a fixed、it would surely is the power blackout、should be promptly reported that the request transmission. Check the button、we must switch handle hit by power outage location、check the button may be open、not to repair its damaged in the explosion-proof performance. Several other conditions must be full-time electrician to check processing.(7) The stop button、the motor does not stop the causes and treatment 1. Main(1) Operating button failures or too wet.(2) Operation of short circuit or grounding.(3) Magnetic starter for the main contact point or burning auxiliary contact adhesive and can not leave.(4) arc-suppression hood stuck contact、could not leave.(5) Contact between the open relays.(6) Magnetic starter placed unrighteousness、touch or backward dumping beyond 15 °.2. ApproachShould urgently Fishing magnetic starter、to winch their magnetic starter handle the operation to stop fighting position. Pre-gate method should be used first to raise load stopped to prevent Lash starter when the magnetic switch in isolation have too great a power outage sparks.(8) Single-phase operation of the motor causes and treatment1．Winch motor single-phase operation of the characteristics and hazards(1) Whether positive start、or reverse start、the electrical occurred dull hum、but the motor will not always turn.(2) If a motor running in single-phase operation、while still maintaining the original motor to spin、but obviously slow down the speed、a humming sound、the electrical start fever、if the winch with Ammeter、some point to zero、Some larger current value. Whether or activated in motor running single-phase operation、if not timely detection and shutdown、it may be burning motor for the accident.2. Single-phase operation of a motor for(1) Lack of power (of a fault). This is because of a broken fuse or a disconnection of contacts and a phase-connection is bad、and so causes.(2) Motor stator windings of a break. Stator windings at this time because of the different connection mode、the impact of differentiated、that is、stars (丫) of wiring than 1.30 (△) of wiring serious.3. ApproachRapid shut down to identify reasons for the timely reporting or maintenance electrician for processing.。