车辆工程专业英语概述
汽车工程专业英语第二章
第二章：内燃机（INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE）1)Energy and power:Engines used in automobiles are internal combustion heat engines. They convert the chemical energy of the gasoline into heat within a power chamber that is called a combustion chamber. Heat energy released in the combustion chamber raises the temperature of the combustion gases within the chamber. The increase in gas temperature causes the pressure of the gases to increase. The pressure developed within the combustion chamber is applied to the head of a piston to produce a usable mechanical force, which is then converted into useful mechanical power.能源是用于生产电力。
化工能源是转化为燃料的燃烧的热量，这个过程被称为燃烧。
如果发动机燃烧发生在气缸内的地方，被称为发动机内部燃烧发动机。
如果燃烧发生在气缸外的地方，被称为发动机外部燃烧发动机。
用于汽车的能源叫内部燃烧高能源，高温能源在燃烧室里降低能缓解气体燃烧在气缸内的温度。
燃烧气体温度的升高引起气压变大，燃烧室内发展应用到了活塞产生一个可用的机械力，然后将其转换成有用的机械能。
2)Engine terms:Linking the piston by a connecting rod to a crankshaft causes the gas to rotate the shaft through half a turn. The power stroke "uses up" the gas, so means must be provided to expel the burnt gas and recharge the cylinder with a fresh petrol-air mixture: this control ofgas movement is the duty of the valves;活塞通过连杆和曲轴连接，使得气体带动曲轴旋转半圈。
车辆工程 汽车专业英语课件-汽车基础知识部分 - Chapter 4 Steering and Suspension Systems
Chapter 4 Steering and Suspension Systems
4.1 Steering System
Figure 4-4 Servolectric - a electric power steering system
Chapter 4 Steering and Suspension Systems
2.提高翻译技巧，能较熟练翻译课文
1. 重点：转向、悬架系统的基本组成、类型、 各系统主要零件的英文名称
2.难点：电动转向系统
Chapter 4 Steering and Suspension Systems
4.1 Steering System 1. Basic Parts of Steering System 2. Types of Steering System 3. Power Steering Systems 4.2 Suspension Systems 1. Basic Parts of Suspension System 2. Front suspension 3. Rear Suspension
1.Basic Parts of Steering System
The basic steering system (Figure 4-1) can be divided into three main assemblies:
·The spindle and steering arm assemblies. ·The linkage assembly connecting the steering arms and steering gear. ·The steering wheel, steering shaft, and steering gear assembly.
汽车专业英语的认识
汽车专业英语的认识汽车专业英语是汽车工程师和汽车技术人员在专业领域内交流和沟通的工具。
它并不仅仅是一种语言，而是与汽车技术紧密相关的专业语言。
学习汽车专业英语有助于学生和从业人员更好地理解和掌握汽车技术和汽车工程的基本概念。
以下是一些汽车专业英语的关键词和概念：1.Engine Terms（发动机术语）•Engine Block（发动机缸体）•Cylinder Head（气缸盖）•Pistons（活塞）•Connecting Rods（连杆）•Crankshafts（曲轴）2.TDC and BDC（上止点与下止点）•TDC（Top Dead Center，上止点）•BDC（Bottom Dead Center，下止点）3.VVT（可变气门正时）•Variable Valve Timing（可变气门正时）4.Valve Train（气门机构）•Valves（气门）•Camshafts（凸轮轴）•Cam followers（摇臂）•Valve springs（气门弹簧）5.Fuel Injection（燃油喷射系统）•Pumps（燃油泵）•injectors（喷油器）•Fuel rails（燃油导流管）6.Ignition System（点火系统）•Spark plugs（火花塞）•Coils（点火线圈）•distributor caps（分电器盖）7.Brake System（制动系统）•discs（刹车盘）•drums（刹车鼓）•calipers（卡钳）•Hydraulic pumps（液压泵）8.Cooling System（冷却系统）•Radiator（散热器）•Water pump（水泵）•Hoses（水管）•Fan belts（风扇皮带）9.Drive Train（传动系统）•Transmissions（变速器）•differentials（差速器）•Axles（车轴）•Tires（轮胎）学习汽车专业英语还需要了解一些缩写和术语，例如：FDI（燃油直接喷射）、MAP（进气压力传感器）、VVT-i（智能可变气门正时系统）、OBD（车载诊断系统）、CAD（计算机辅助设计）、CAM（计算机辅助制造）等。
车辆工程专业英语新能源汽车综述
Characteristics and Development of Some Kinds of New Energy VehiclesAbstractNow the global automotive industry is facing the challenge of energy and environment,and developing new energy vehicles becomes many global automotive groups’s same plan.But not all of various types of new energy vehicles which have their own advantages and disadvantages can become the most promising future vehicles.I will introduce features and development of Pure Electric Vehicles 、Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)、Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEV)、Natural Gas Vehicles、Hydrogen Engine Vehicles and DME Vehicles Etc. At last we will know which kind of the new energy vehicles will become mainstream in the future of the car by comparing.Key Word: New Energy Vehicles Future cars HybridHybrid cars is hybrid electric vehicles which use more than one kind of energy provides power to drives the car . Currently hybrid cars is the combination of traditional fossil fuels engin and electric motor. The most prominent advantage of hybrid cars is its fuel economy. The maximum power of the engin can determine by the average power ,so that the engin can work in less pollution and lower fuel consumption condition. That makes hybrid cars save 30%~50% fule compare with traditional cars,and significantly reducing emissions at the same time.Energy recovering from braking become easy too.But the problem of hybrid car is it’s high price and basicly no fuel saving at long distance、high speed driving.At present, China's hybrid vehicle technology development fast, some models have been in the period of practical .Take the Roewe 750 of Shanghai Automotive Group for example ,it has already on sale.In the world wild,Toyota Prius hybrid car first introduced in Japan in 1997,and the other major automobile companies havelaunched their own hybrid products, such as the Honda Insight, GM Saturn VUE, Ford Escape and so on.With technical progress and expansion of production scale,the cost has dropped significantly.Pure electric vehicles is driven by electric motor, which is powered by car-carry battery,and meet the requirements of traffic safety regulations.Pure electric vehicle using a rechargeable battery , and the basic structure is not complicated.Electric generators and car batteries are one of the key components, among which the most critical is battery.Pure electric vehicles is not a new car, the electric car was born more than 100 years. At that time the electric car battery lifespan is short, the mileage is not high also. Then the electric car is relaced by the increasingly technology mature internal combustion engine car. But in the 1970 s, due to the stimulation of oil crisis, all countries in the world began to look for other energy to replace oil. The electric car is back in the line of sight of people. And in recent years besides had the problems of energy, environmental problem has become a social focus on major issues. Againincreased focus on electric cars. Now the difficulty of promote puer electric car comes from the power storage technologies.Currently,energy storage in per unit weight of the battery is not enough for long -term using, the charge mileage is not ideal. On the other hand,The high-performance battery lifespan is short.Resulting in not froming economy scale, cost of pure electric vehicle is too high to commercial operation.Nevertheless, pure electric vehicles are promoted in the U.S., Europe, Japan in small-scale,and mainly use in government vehicle ,city bus Etc. The forerunner of China's electric car company BYD launched E6, and also exported electric bus to Europe .Fuel cell electric vehicle use a fuel cell as electric source to supply electric motor, and the chemical energy of fuel is directly changed into electrical energy by the cell.The energy conversion efficiency of the fuel cell is 2 to 3 times higher than internal combustion engines, and fuel cells do not produce harmful chemical reaction products and make lower noise.In recent years, although the development of fuel cell vehicles technology has made significant progress in the world wild , but there are still some technical challenges, such as the integration of fuel cells,vehicle integration, industrialization and commercialization. It is worth mentioning that we are at the same level with developed countries in the field of fuel cell electric vehicle researching.Hydrogen engine vehicle power by the engin which is transform from the existing automobile internal combustion engine.In addition to the hydrogen engine car has the same advantages of less pollution, lower emissions, but also has other special advantages, such as lower requirements for hydrogen, high combustion performance, engine technology is mature and so on.But now hydrogen engine car facing with problems of preparation and storage of liquid hydrogen .Ability to effectively solve these two problems in short time will determine the prospects for the development of hydrogen engine vehicles.Natural gas vehicles to use natural gas as fuel .According to the chemical composition and morphology of natural gas ,it can be classified as three kinds of it ,like Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and Liquefied Petroleum Gas . Because natural gas vehicles using natural gas as fuel, so it has some feature like low pollution, low cost and high security.But natural gas vehicles have lower power performance, not easy to carry compared with normal vehicle. And once put into Large-scale using, we must build the appropriate station and pipeline.It also relates to design urban planning, funding and environmental safety, and many other factors, causing the high cost of using this kind of vehicle.China is rich in natural gas resources, and natural gas vehicle technology developed rapidly in these years . For example, some taxi Changsha use Compressed Natural Gas engin.In addition to the above new energy vehicles, as well as，there is also a kind of vehicle using organic substance, such as alcohol, ether as fuel to power the car.Ethanol fuel is ethanol automotive gasoline, ethanol vehicle technology is relatively mature, thetraditional internal combustion engine can modification to adapt to different ethanol gasoline fuel. The rapid development of ethanol cars happen in United States, Brazil and other countries thanks to the rich ethanol resources, while China is still in its initial stage.DME car use DME as fuel of compression-ignition engine. Generally using in two ways: Firstly, using the dimethyl ether as an ignition-promoting secondly dimethyl ether used as the direct combustion of liquid to get power.Dimethyl ether automobile technology in China has made important progress, such as Shanghai automotive group has successfully developed in dimethyl ether city bus, and began the trial runThanks to internal combustion engine technology is now very mature, hybrid cars is ease of using , sustainability, reliability is better than that of other new energy cars, but its still use gasoline, diesel oil as a source of energy, so the hybrid vehicle can't represent the future type of car. And because the power can be obtained from a variety of one-off energy,do not worry about energy draining, so pure electric vehicle has broad application prospects. At the same time, pure electric vehicles has no pollution, makes lower noise, is high efficiency. These advantages make this type of electric car research and application is becoming a hot spot of the car industry, and our country also take electric vehicles as the main orientation of auto industry strategic transformation. Fuel cell vehicles, with its efficient green cleaning and life advantage to get the attention of many countries to continuously invest devotion, therefore the fuel cell car will also be important form of the cars of the future. For other types of new energy vehicles, because of the limitations of fuel supplying, can't be used in the large scale all over the world. And this kind of alternative fuel in the engine power performance, corrosion, storage and transportation difficulties, such as obvious shortcomings. This kind of new energy vehicles may will be the future regional auto supplement type.Comparing the above list of various types of new energy vehicles, pure electric vehicles will be themainstream of future automobiles, fuel cell vehicles will act as an important component in the future , and a hybrid car is the transition models before exhausting of petrochemical resources, other types of cars are supplement adjust measures to local conditions. Pure electric vehicles is the most promising new energy vehicles, and is strongly supported by the state.Now some electric vehicles is used in the urban public transport, major activities.We look forward to the clean traffic early arrival of the era.References[1]邹政耀，王若平.新能源汽车技术.北京：国防工业书版社，2012[2]石川宪二.新能源汽车技术及未来.康云龙，余开江译.北京：科学出版社，2012[3]冯景毅.基于48V电压平台解读比亚迪绿混技术.汽车之家网，2013[4]黄正桥.陈斌波：电动汽车是未来汽车发展的方向.汽车之家网，2011[5]Sperling, Daniel.Two Billion Cars:Driving Toward :Oxford University Press,2009[6].Ranjan K. Bose, S. Sundar, K.S. Nesamani .Clearing the air : better vehicles, better fuels.New Delhi : Tata Energy Research Institute,2000[7]Electric VW Up prices ，02 December 2013。
车辆工程-汽车专业英语课件-汽车基础知识部分---Chapter-3-Power-Train--3
['flaiwi:l] [spriŋ] ['ɔpəreit] ['mekənizəm] [trænz'mi∫ən] [tɔ:k]
n.飞轮 n.弹簧 vt.操作，控制，使运行 n.（机械）结构，机械装置 n.变速器 n.扭转力；转矩
压盘
Chapter 3 Power Train 3.1 Clutches
摩擦式限滑差速器
Chapter 3 Power Train 3.2 Manuel Transmission
3.2.1 Text
1.Transmission Gear Ratios
The modern manual transmission can provide the driver with up to six forward gear ratios. The reduction gears provide gear ratios of approximately 3.5:1 (stated as 3.5 to 1) for the lowest gear, to about 1.5:1 for the highest. The direct drive gear has a 1:1 gear ratio. The overdrive gears have a gear ratio of about 0.7:1.
[ə'prɔksimə tli]
adv.近似地，大约；许
bearing
['bɛəriŋ] n.[机]轴承，支座
mesh
[me∫]
vi.（机器零件）啮合
transaxle
[ֽtræ ns'æ k sl]
n.变速驱动桥
汽车工程专业英语(汉化版)
Automotive Engineering English （Chinese Edition ）汽车工程专业英语（汉化版）CONTENTSChapter 1 Automotive basics (2)1.1 The history of automotive (2)1.2 Classification of automotives (3)1.3 Principal Components (6)Review questions (13)Chapter 2 Engine (14)2.1 Overview (14)2.2 Engine construction (15)2.3 The engine operation (26)2.4 Basic engine systems (29)2.5 Air induction System (31)2.6 Gasoline fuel System (32)2.7 Engine Cooling (40)2.8 Engine Lubrication (44)2.9 Diesel engine (46)2.10 Emission Control (53)Review questions (61)目录第一章汽车的基础 (2)1.1 汽车的历史 (2)1.2. 汽车的分类 (3)1.3 汽车的主要组成部分 (6)复习题 (13)第二章发动机 (14)2.1 概述 (14)2.2 发动机的结构 (15)2.3 发动机的运转 (26)2.4 发动机的基本系统 (29)2.5 进气系统 (31)2.6 汽油供给系统 (32)2.7 发动机冷却系统 (40)2.8 发动机润滑系统 (44)2.9 柴油发动机 (46)2.10 排放控制 (53)复习题 (61)Capture 1 Automotive basis第一章汽车的基础1.1 The history of automobile1.1汽车的历史The automotive industry affects many areas of the economy. Starting with the first patented gasoline-powered Benz Motorwagen in 1886(Figure 1.1)，the automotive industry has seen continuous and exciting changes for over a century. The early gasoline-powered automobile generated 1.5hp(1.1kW)，it reaches top speed of 3~5mph(5~8km/h).Today's average vehicles have 110~450hp(80~330kW )engines and cruise at 106~120km/h，depending on the legal speed limit. For many people around the world，automotives are the most important means of personal transportation.汽车工业影响经济的许多领域。
车辆工程 汽车专业英语课件-汽车基础知识部分 - Chapter7 Electric Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles
7.1 Electric Vehicles （EVs）
roadster magnificent edifice
unveil
hydride electrochemical cadmium lithium titanate synchronous
New Words and Phrases
[ˈrəudstə(r)]
备受关注的特斯拉
特斯拉电动轿跑
技术领先的混动车
丰田普锐斯
Chapter 7 Electric Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Electric Vehicles (EV)：
BEV
Battry
FCEV Fuel Cell
HEV
Hybrid
Hybrid Electric Vehicles(HEV): Petrol-electric Hybrid Diesel-electric Hybrid Plug-in Hybrid FCHEV
Vehicles with electric drives, consisting of batteries or fuel cells as the power source and electric motors as the prime mover, have attracted considerable attention in recent years，see Figure 7-1.
车辆工程专业英语复习资料资料讲解
车辆工程专业英语复习资料资料讲解车辆工程专业英语复习资料专业英语单词1.3-way catalyst 三元催化转化剂2.alternator 交流发电机3.Anti-lock brake system防抱死系统4.artic HGV=articulated HGV铰接式重型载货汽车5.articulated vehicle 铰接式车辆6.assembly 总成7.at right angle 成直角8.automatic transmission9.bearing 轴承10.bevel gear 锥齿轮11.bonnet 发动机盖12.bottom dead centre 下止点13.brake shoe 制动蹄14.bruise 撞伤，擦伤15.bulge 凸出，隆起16.bumper 保险杠17.caliper 制动钳18.camber 弯度，车轮外倾19.camshaft 凸轮轴20.canister 碳罐21.capacitor 电容器22.carbon monoxide 一氧化碳23.cargo 货物24.carriageway 车行道25.caster 主销后倾26.centrifugal 离心力27.charge 充电28.chassis 底盘29.clutch 离合器/doc/2310645824.html,mercial vehicle 商用车辆31.conductor 导体32.console 托架33.coolant 冷却剂34.countershaft 中间轴35.crankshaft 曲轴36.crossply tyre 斜交轮胎37.cross-sectional 截面的，断面的38.curvature 弯曲，弧度39.cylinder 气缸，柱体40.dial 刻度盘41.diaphragm 膜片42.differential 差速器43.dioxide 二氧化物44.disc brake 盘式制动器45.disc 圆盘46.discharge 放电47.DoT=D ep ar tmen t o f Transportation运输部门48.drawbar 牵引杆49.driven member 从动件50.driving member 主动件51.driving wheel 驱动车轮52.drum brake 鼓式制动器53.drum 鼓，圆筒54.dummy 模型，假人55.dump truck 自卸载货汽车56.dynamometer 测功机57.electron 电子58.engine 发动机59.executive 经理60.exhaust valve 排气阀61.final drive 主传动，主减速器62.flexible joint 万向节63.fracture 折断，骨折64.gear sector 齿扇65.Hall effect 霍尔效应66.handbrake 手制动67.helmet 头盔，安全帽68.HGV=Heavy Goods Vehicle 重型载货汽车69.horn 喇叭70.hydraulic system 液压系统71.hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物72.hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物73.ignition coil 点火线圈74.inflate 膨胀，加压75.injector 喷油器76.inlet valve 进气阀77.input shaft 输入轴78.instrument panel 仪表盘79.intersection 交叉口80.inversely proportional to 与……成反比81.king pin 主销/doc/2310645824.html,cerationn 划破，撕裂83.LCV=Light Commercial Vehicle轻型商用车辆84.LGV=Light Goods Vehicle轻型载货汽车85.logistics 后勤学，物流86.lubricant 润滑剂87.manifold 歧管，支管88.master cylinder 主缸89.metro 地下铁道90.monoxide 一氧化物91.moped 机动自行车92.mpg=miles per gallon 英里/加仑93.mph=miles per hour 英里/小时94.neutral steer 中性转向95.nose-to-tail collision 头尾相撞96.occupant 占有者，乘员97.off-centre 偏心的，不平衡的98.oil filter 机油滤清器99.oil pump 机油泵100.output shaft 输出轴101.oversteer 过度转向102.overtake 超车103.overturn 翻车104.oxide 氧化物105.oxides of nitrogen 氮氧化物106.pattern tread 花纹胎面107.pessess 具有，拥有108.piston 活塞109.planet gear 行星齿轮110.pneumatic 气动的111.pollision 碰撞，冲突112.power steering 动力转向仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除谢谢2113.pressure plate 压盘114.propellor shaft 传动轴115.PSV=Passenger Single Vehicle 单体式客运车辆116.radial tyre 子午线轮胎117.rake pad 制动片118.recharge 再充电119.refrigerate 制冷120.resurgence 苏醒，复活121.ring gear 齿圈122.rocker 摇臂123.roller brake testes 滚筒制动试验台124.rotor转子125.shock absorber 减震器126.shoulder 路肩127.sill 底梁128.slave cylinder 辅助缸129.smooth tread 无纹胎面130.spark plug 火花塞131.speedometer 速度计，里程计132.sprain 扭伤133.starter 起动机134.stator 定子135.steering arm 转向臂，梯形臂136.steering assembly 转向总成137.steering axis inclination 主销内倾138.steering column 转向柱139.steering knuckle 转向节140.steering pump转向泵141.steering wheel 转向盘142.sulphide 硫化物143.sun gear 太阳轮144.suspension 悬架145.tachograph 转速表146.tanker 油罐汽车147.the moment of inertia 转动惯量148.the three way catalytic converter 三元催化转化器149.thermostat 恒温器，节温器150.throttle 节流阀151.tie rod 横拉杆152.toe-in 前束153.tolerance 公差154.top dead centre 上止点155.torque converter 变矩器156.torque convertor 变矩器157.torque 转矩，扭矩158.tractor 拖拉机，牵引车159.trailer 挂车，拖车160.transmission 传动系161.truck deck 行李舱盖162.turbine 涡轮（机）163.twin wheel 双轮胎164.understeer 不足转向165.universal joint 万向节166.vechicle dismantling 车辆分解167.vehicle tracking system车辆跟踪系统168.washer 洗涤器169.windscreen 风窗玻璃170.wiper 刮水器171.wormwheel蜗轮自动变速器仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除谢谢3专业英语句子翻译1.Each wheel has a brake assembly, of either thedrum type or the disc type, hydraulically operated when the driver applies the foot brake pedal.每个车轮具有一个鼓式或盘式制动总成，当驾驶员踩脚制动踏板时，靠液力产生制动。
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The Principal Components Of Automotive张可可2013210612 The Principal Components Of Automotive contains the body, the engine , the chassis , the power train system, the steering system, the suspension system and wheels , the braking system and the electrical and electronic system.1 The bodyAn automobile body is a sheet metal shell with windows, doors, a hood and a trunk deck built into it.It provides a protective covering for the engine, passengers and cargo. It is designed to keep passengers safe and comfortable. The body styling provides an attractive, colorful, modern appearance for the vehicle.2 The engineThe engine acts as the power unit. The internal combustion engine is most common: this obtains its power by burning a liquid fuel inside the engine cylinder. There are two types of engine: gasoline (also called a spark-ignition engine) and diesel (also called compression-ignition engine). Both engines are called heat engines. the burning fuel generates heat which causes the gas inside the cylinder to increase its pressure and supply power to rotate a shaft connected to the power train.3 The chassisChassis is the frame on which the engine, body, wheels etc. are built. The chassis is an assembly of those systems that are the major operating parts of a vehicle. It includes power train which conveys the drive to the wheels, steering which controls the direction of movement，suspension and wheels which absorb the road shocks, and brake which slows down the vehicle.4 The power train systemThe power train transfers turning effort from the engine to the driving wheels. It include a clutch ( manual transmission) or a torque converter (automatic transmission), a transmission drive shaft, final drive and differential gear s and driving axles. Alternatively, a transaxle may be used. A transaxle is a self-contained unit with a transmission, final drive gears and differential located in one casing.The directional motion of vehicle is controlled by a steering system. A basic steering system has 3 main parts: a steering box connected to the steering wheel, the linkage connecting the steering box to the wheel assembly at the front wheels and front suspension parts to let the wheel assemblies pivot. When the driver turns the steering wheel，a shaft from the steering column turns the steering gear. The steering gear movestie-rods that connect to the front wheels. The tie-rods move the front wheels to turn the vehicle right or left.5 The braking system and wheelsThe purpose of the complete suspension system is to isolate the vehicle body from road shocks and vibrations, which will otherwise be transferred to the passengers and load. It must also keep the tires in contact with the road regardless of road surface. A basic suspension system consists of springs, axles, shock absorbers, arms, rods and ball joints.The tire provides a cushion between the vehicle and the road to reduce the transmission of road shocks. It also provides friction to allow the vehicle to perform its normal operations. Modern tires are manufactured from a range of materials. The rubber is mainly synthetic. Two types of tire construction are common: cross-ply and radial. Most passenger cars now use radial tires, and radials are replacing cross-ply tires on 4-wheel drives and heavy vehicles.6 The braking systemDrum brakes have a drum attached to the wheel hub, and braking occurs by means of brake shoes expanding against the inside of the drum. With disc brakes, a disc attached to the wheel hub is clenched between two brakepads. On lightvehicles, both of these systems are hydraulically operated. The brake pedal operates a master cylinder. Hydraulic lines and hoses connect the master cylinder to brake cylinders at the wheels. Most modern light vehicles have either disc brakes on the front wheels and drum brakes on the rear or disc brakes on a11 4 wheels. Disc brakes require greater forces to operate them. A brake booster assists the driver by increasing the force applied to the master cylinder when the brake is operated.7 The electrical and electronic systemThe charging system provides electrical energy for all of the electrical components on the vehicle. A typical charging system includes: a battery, an alternator, a voltage regulator which is usually integral to the alternator, a charging warning or indicator light and wiring that complete the circuits. The battery provides electrical energy for starting, then once the engine is running the alternator powers all the electrical components of the vehicle. The alternator also charges the battery to replace the energy used to start the engine. The voltage regulator prevents overcharging. The starting system consists of the battery, starter, flywheel ring gear, cables，and the ignition switch. The starter motor is powered by the battery. During starting, the pinion of the starter motor engages withthe flywheel ring gear and the starter motor then operates to crank the engine.Electrical is related to the electricity while electronic related to the semi-conductor or microcomputers. The electrical system provides electricity to the starter, ignition, lights and heater. The electricity level is maintained by a charging circuit.That's all.。