第1讲 专业英语概述
大学英语专业综合英语讲解1
Unit one This Year It’s Going to Be DifferentWarm-up QuestionsBackground InformationExtended ReadingOral PracticeWarm-up Questions1. How do you understand the title?2. Will you try to make a difference at the beginning of a new year?Warm-up Questions3. What does “New Year’s resolution” mean?A New Year’s resolution is something one makes up one’s mind to do at the beginning of a new year in order to be or to do better in the year ahead. It is a ritual commitment to self-improvement, and a goal people set to make their lives better. In many Western countries, New Year’s resolutions are usually made at New Year’s Eve.Background InformationThe New Year, no matter when people have celebrated it, has always been a time for looking back to the past, and more importantly, forward to the coming year. It’s time to reflect on the changes we want, or often need, if we’re to have the motivation to move forward.Resolutions are a reflection of the Babylonians’ belief that what a person does on the first d ay of the New Year will have an effect throughout the entire year. Think about that at the New Year’s party!When a person makes New Year’s resolutions, he makes up his mind to do or not to do certain things in the coming year. Of course, different people make different New Year’s resolutions. For example, a student may decide to work harder at his studies and not to go to the cinema so often; a teacher may decide to improve his/her teaching; aheavy smoker may decide to stop smoking altogether. Some people may be able to carry out their New Year’s resolutions, but some may not. For most people, it’s often easier to make New Year’s resolutions than to carry them out.Oral PracticePlease make some New Year’s resolutions and share them with your partner.ScanningPart Division of the TextFurther UnderstandingScanning1. How many people are there in the family? Who are they?There are six people in the family, namely, the writer himself, his wife Maggie, his daughters Kit and Gretchen, and his sons Roy and Sammy.Scanning2. Decide which of the following statements best sums up the text.1.Some of his family members were pleased whileothers were not when the writer tried to please everybody in the family on New Year’s Day. 2. The writer tried to be a better husband and a betterfather in the new year, and his family membersappreciated this.3. The writer carried out his New Year’s resolutionsfaithfully to improve himself, but the results allwent contrary to his expectations.Part Division of the TextDirections: The text has been divided into several parts.Please summarize the main idea of each part.Part 1 (Para.1)The writer wanted to improve himself by carrying out his New Year’s resolutions.Part 2 (Para.2—Para.4)His resolutions did not work well with his wife.Part 3 (Para.5—Para.8)His resolutions did not work well with the boys.Part 4 (Para.9—Para.14)His resolutions did not work well with the girls.Part 5 (Para.15—Para.16)The carrying out of his resolutions led to a chaos among the children.Part 6 (Para.17—Para.20)The carrying out of his resolutions further offended his wife.Part 7 (Para.21—Para.24)The harder he tried, the more irritated his family members were.Part 8 (Para.25—Para.32)The writer made a confession.Part 9 (Para.33—Para.37)The writer became his old self and everything was back to normal.Detailed ReadingNew Year’s resolutions are like anything else—you get out of them what you put in.What does this sentence mean?A s the saying goes, “As you sow, so will you reap”, which means whatever a man sows he will reap. The writer intends to convince the reader that making New Year’s resolutions also follows this maxim. The more resolutions you make at the beginning of the year, the better results you will have.Pretty clearly, anyone who followed my collection of rules would be blessed with a richer life, boundless love from his family, and the admiration of the community.Paraphrase this sentence.Quite obviously, anyone who was determined to be guided by the rules of self-improvement I collected would be happy and have an eventful life, infinite affection from his family and the respect of the community.Be spontaneous in showing affection.Show your love readily and willingly.“Don’t ever sneak up on me like that again!”Never creep up on me like that again!Why did Maggie react to her husband’s kiss in this way?Probably the husband seldom did this kind of romantic thing (steal a kiss from behind) before.A sincere compliment is worth its weight in gold.Whole-hearted and genuine praise is very valuable.“It wasn’t my idea to stay out until four a.m.”I didn’t want to remain outside until four in the morning! It was your idea!Was Maggie pleased to hear the “sincere compliment”?Why or why not?Maggie was very much annoyed by the “sincere compliment”, because she didn’t look “lovely” at all due to lack of sleep. Therefore, she thought her husband was speaking sarcastically.Roy sure is smart.“Sure” is often used in colloquial American English, meaning “certainly”. “Roy sure is smart” means “Roy certainly is clever.” By making such a remark, Sammy actually suggested that his father was not so bright.Meet your child at his own level.Join your children and treat them as your equals. / Speak, act and think as your children do.It isn’t either happy.The normal order of the sentence is: “It isn’t happy, either.” The word “either” in the sentence shows emphasis. The sentence is an example of child talk, meaning “It isn’t happy at all!” or “It’s very unhappy.”I’ll bet the fellows are swarming around.The sentence means “I’m sure many young men are after you.”Do you think it is appropriate for the writer to saysomething about “the fellows swarming around” toMarilyn?No, it is inappropriate. And that’s why Marilyn thought she was cross-examined by the writer. There was a series of shrieks down the hall. I found Gretchen in tears.I heard screams down the hall one after another and I found Gretchen crying.I suggested that they carve something for their mother—like a salad spoon.The sentence means “I suggested that they should carve something for their mother, for example, a salad spoon, by using the scout knife.”The most trivial chore can prove rewarding if approached with zest.The most unimportant light task may turn out to be worthwhile if it is dealt with eagerly and enthusiastically.I struck up a conversation with Kit, trying to establish some kind of rapport.I started to have a conversation with Kit in a friendly way and tried my best to achieve agreement and understanding between us.Anybody else would have thrown in the sponge…What does “throw in the sponge” mean?The idiom “throw in the sponge/towel” comes from boxing. It means “to admit that you have been defeated”.Anybody else would have admitted defeat and given up.…they had the nerve to say you suggested it.What does this sentence mean?The sentence means “they were rude enough to say that you suggested that they carve my saladspoon”.Kit has been in a poisonous mood.What is the meaning of this sentence?It means that “Kit has been in a very bad temper”.You never bothered with small talk before. Why start now?Paraphrase this sentence.You never troubled yourself to chat with people in the past. Why do you want to start doing it now?If the kids do something and you get mad, they know where they stand.What is the meaning of this sentence?It means “If the children do something and you become angry, they know they are wrong”.And when I tell you to do something, jump!What is the meaning of this sentence?It means “When I tell you to do something, hurry up and do it”.Words &Phrasesresolution: n.decision or mental pledge to do or not to do somethingShe’s always making good resolutions b ut she never carries them out.He lacked the resolution to get through medical school.Courage and resolution are the spirit and soul of virtue. 勇敢和决心是美德的灵魂。
专业英语(教育学)大纲
专业英语（教育学）大纲一、课程概述专业英语（教育学）是一门旨在培养学生对教育学领域英文文献的阅读、写作和翻译能力的课程。
本课程将帮助学生熟悉教育学领域的专业词汇，掌握文献检索和阅读技巧，了解国际教育趋势和实践，提升跨文化交流能力。
二、课程目标1.掌握教育学领域的基本概念、理论和实践的专业英语表达方式。
2.具备查阅和阅读教育学英文文献的能力，能准确理解文献内容。
3.提升论文写作和翻译能力，能用专业英语表达和交流教育学思想。
4.培养学生的跨文化交流能力，能适应全球化背景下的教育发展。
三、课程内容1.教育学专业词汇：介绍教育学领域的基本专业词汇，包括教育理论、教育政策、教育实践等方面的词汇。
2.文献检索与阅读：教授如何利用数据库和网络资源检索英文文献，并介绍阅读技巧，如快速阅读、重点提炼等。
3.论文写作与翻译：讲解如何撰写和翻译教育学领域的英文论文，包括论文结构、语言表达、语法和时态等方面的内容。
4.跨文化交流能力培养：通过案例分析、角色扮演等方式，培养学生的跨文化交流能力，包括沟通技巧、礼仪文化等。
5.教育学发展趋势与国际比较：介绍全球教育发展趋势和国际教育政策比较，帮助学生了解不同国家的教育制度和政策。
四、课程评价1.课堂参与度：鼓励学生积极参与课堂讨论，提问和回答问题，以及参与小组活动。
2.平时作业：布置相关阅读材料、翻译和写作作业，加强学生对课堂知识的理解和应用。
3.期末考试：通过笔试和口试相结合的方式，测试学生对课程内容的掌握程度和实际应用能力。
五、教师角色与职责1.提供清晰的学习目标和要求，确保学生了解课程内容和评价方式。
2.定期检查学生的学习进度和理解程度，及时给予反馈和建议。
3.提供学习资源和支持，包括推荐相关书籍、文章、网站等资源，为学生提供学术和情感支持。
4.鼓励学生的独立思考和创新精神，培养他们在教育学领域的知识和能力。
5.与学生保持积极沟通，解决学生在学习和生活中的问题，创造良好的学习环境。
《专业英语》课件
总结
1 本节课的主要内容回顾
概述了专业英语的定义、重要性以及学习方法和应用。
2 对于专业英语学习的未来计划
制定明确的学习目标，不断提升专业英语能力。
3 课程结束语
感谢您参与本课程，希望您能在专业英语学习中取得优异成果！
Hale Waihona Puke 3商务沟通有效运用专业英语进行商务谈判、会议沟通等，提升商业价值。
失误和解决方法
词汇不足的解决方法
通过积累专业词汇，拓展词汇量，提高专业英语水平。
理解和解析复杂的句子
学习分解句子结构，逐步理解并运用复杂句型，提高阅读和写作能力。
处理语音和发音
练习语音、发音，注重语调和语音准确性，提高口语表达能力。
《专业英语》PPT课件
欢迎来到《专业英语》PPT课件！本课程将带领您深入学习专业英语的概念、 学习方法和应用，为您打开专业交流的大门。
课程目标与内容
课程目标
通过本课程，您将掌握专业英语的基本概念 和学习方法，提升专业交流能力。
课程内容
本课程将涵盖专业英语概述、学习方法、应 用以及解决方法等内容。
专业英语概述
提高学习效率的技 巧
合理规划学习时间，培养良 好的学习习惯，多听多读多 练习。
理解和掌握术语和 表达方式
注重领域相关术语和常用表 达方式的学习，建立专业词 汇量。
专业英语的应用
1
客户交流
运用专业英语与客户进行准确、清晰的沟通，建立良好的合作关系。
2
行业规范
掌握专业英语有助于理解和遵守所在行业的规范和常规。
1 什么是专业英语
专业英语是特定领域中所使用的英语，包括行业术语、表达方式等。
2 专业英语的重要性
专业英语概念
专业英语概念
专业英语是指以英语作为工具和媒介的一种专业学科。
它涵盖了各个领域的专业知识与技能，并侧重于培养学生在相关领域中运用英语进行沟通、交流和研究的能力。
专业英语的学习内容包括实用英语词汇与语法，行业术语，科技文献阅读与写作，口译和笔译技巧等。
学生需要掌握领域特定的专业词汇，并能够理解和运用相关的专业知识。
在实际应用中，专业英语是一种国际化的沟通工具。
在全球化的背景下，跨国公司、科研机构、学术界等领域需要人员具备流利的专业英语能力。
掌握专业英语将有助于提升个人在职场中的竞争力和国际交流的能力。
专业英语的学习方法包括课堂学习、实践训练和自主学习。
通过课堂学习，学生可以系统地学习专业英语的基础知识和技能。
实践训练包括参与专业会议、学术交流和国际项目等活动，通过实践来提高实际应用能力。
自主学习则是指学生自主阅读相关领域的英语文献，通过积累知识来提高语言掌握能力。
总之，专业英语是培养在特定领域中用英语进行交流与研究的能力的学科。
通过系统学习和不断实践，学生可以掌握领域特定的专业知识与技能，并提高自己在国际交流中的竞争力。
通信专业英语学生使用版本
第一讲: Lesson 1 Introduction to Electronic Communications专业英语概述： A brief introduction for Specialized English1.1 什么是专业英语？ (What)公共英语: public English专业英语: Specialized English一段公共英语示例An estate auction starting Monday in Paris is being described as the "sale of the century", but is generating political waves after China demanded the return of a pair of bronze animal statues. We have more on the controversy surrounding the sale from the French capital. The auction taking place between February 25 and 27 involves a staggering collection of prized paintings, furniture, other cultural objects belonging to deceased French fashion designer Saint Laurent.一段专业英语示例：Music style classification by mean of computers is very useful to music indexing, content-based music retrieval and other multimedia applications. This paper presents a new method for music style classification with a novel Bayesian-inference-based decision tree (BDT) model. A database of total 320 music staffs collected from CDs and the Internet is used for the experiment. For classification three features including the number of sharp octave (NSO), the number of simple meters (NSM), and the music playing speed (MPS) are extracted. Following that, a comparative evaluation between BDT and traditional decision tree (DT) model is carried out on the database. The results show that the classification accuracy rate of BDT is far superior to existing DT model. 参考译文：用计算机实现音乐风格分类，对音乐索引、基于内容的音乐检索或其它多媒体应用等都非常有用。
专业英语第一课课前说明
特定句型2-- “Have”句型
这座山高2千米。
The height of the mountain is 2000 meters. （×）
The mountain has a height of 2000 meters. （√）
• 为什么学？ • 如何学？ • 以往学生存在的问题 • 学习范围 • 教学目标 • 考核方式
考核方式
• 最后期终考试成绩占80％ • 平时成绩占20％
–旷课一次扣1分，迟到一次扣0.5分，旷课1/3及以 上取消该门课的考试机会；
• 专业英语中有大量特定句型和习惯用法. • 掌握这些特定句型和习惯用法，并与专业
术语连在一起,对学好专业英语有事半功倍 的效果.
特定句型1--“Be”句型
这个信号太弱。 This signal is too small [weak].（×） This is too small [weak] a signal.（√）
专业术语
•transceiver 收发机； •transmitter 发射机； •receiver 接收机
2.理解专业英语文章的内容
• 专业英语的学习中，外语是工具，是通过外 语来学习专业知识.
• 应准确地了解和掌握专业英语文章的内容： 如概念的理解，作者的观点，文章的现实意 义等.
3. 掌握专业英语的特定句型和习惯用法
• 翻译涉及到两种不同思维方式和不同文化 背景的语言转述, 没有足够的实践难以娴熟 掌握。
内容提要
• 为什么学？ • 如何学？ • 以往学生存在的问题 • 学习范围 • 教学目标 • 考核方式
学习范围
专业英语基本介绍
专业英语基本介绍
专业英语，是指用英语进行与某个行业或领域相关的沟通、交流或表达。
它主要是为了交流和传递特定领域的专业知识和信息，是一种特殊的语言能力。
因此，对于那些希望在特定领域获得成功的人来说，掌握专业英语是非常重要的。
掌握专业英语需要学习专业的词汇和术语、语法结构和语用规则。
这需要学习者具备一定的语言基础和特定的领域知识。
对于想要掌握专业英语的人来说，首先需要了解自己所学领域的专业术语和名词。
这样可以更好地理解文本，并更容易将其应用到实际工作中。
在英语专业中，有一定的语法结构和语用规则，也需要学习者进行掌握。
比如，不同领域或行业使用的语言风格和用词方式可能不同，因此掌握语用规则非常必要，不仅可以避免使用不当的用语，还可以更好地达到交际目的。
专业英语主要应用于国际贸易、法律、医学、信息科技、金融等领域，它在国际上的影响和重要性日益增强。
在翻译、商务谈判、跨文化交流等方面都非常重要。
通过专业英语，人们可以更好地理解和掌握不同领域的知识和技能，从而更好地实践和应用这些知识和技能。
所以，在当前高度开放和全球化的背景下，掌握专业英语非常有必要。
掌握专业英语需要多种方法，例如在语言环境中学习、参加英语培训、阅读相关文献、与外籍专家交流等方法。
通过这些方法，可以更好地掌握专业英语，提高语言能力和跨文化交流能力。
总之，掌握专业英语是一种必要的语言能力，它在国际化的背景下越来越重要。
为了更好地应对国际竞争和挑战，人们需要努力加强自己的专业英语能力，不断学习和实践。
自动化英语--概述与语法特点
(3) 省略句使用频繁
(4) It句型和祈使句使用频繁 (5) 复杂长句使用频繁 (6) 后置形容词短语作定语多
2.1 Grammar Features
(1) 广泛使用被动语态
试观察并比较下列两段短文的主语
客观性
We can store electrical energy in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium. We call such a device a capacitor, or a condenser, and its ability to store electrical energy is capacitance. It is measured in farads.
1.3 课程的学习内容
基础知识 文体特点，语法特点 词汇特点，常用符号公式表达 阅读翻译 扩大专业词汇量、翻译专业词汇、词性的转换、 形容词和名词的翻译等 被动语态和长句的翻译等 论文写作： Resume/Abstract 学习科技文献的写作格式及写作技巧
Grading System
例： The heating system and the water
heater（热水器） in a house are system in which [only the sign of the difference between desired and actual temperatures is used for control].
Reducing
the effect of parameter variations Reducing the effect of disturbance inputs Improving transient response Reducing steady-state errors
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公共英语: public English 专业英语: Specialized English
一段公共英语示例： An estate auction starting Monday in Paris is being described as the "sale of the century", but is generating political waves after China demanded the return of a pair of bronze animal statues. We have more on the controversy surrounding the sale from the French capital. The auction taking place between February 25 and 27 involves a staggering collection of prized paintings, furniture, other cultural objects belonging to deceased French fashion designer Saint Laurent.
专业英语“句法”特点：
（1）常使用“无生命主语+及物动词+宾语”句型。 The results show the classification accuracy rate of BDT far superior to existing DT model. （2）常用it做形式主语或形式宾语。
It has been proved that induced voltage causes a current .
By Zhou yatong
参考译文:
用计算机实现音乐风格分类，对音乐索引、基于内 容的音乐检索或其它多媒体应用等都非常有用。本 文提出一个新的基于贝叶斯推理的决策树(BDT) 模型， 并用之进行音乐风格分类。从CD和因特网上收集到 320首乐谱构成一个乐谱数据库，用于分类实验。在 分类时先提取如下三个特征：乐谱中“升8度”的个 数（NSO），乐谱中“节拍减半” 的个数（NSM）， 乐谱演奏速度（MPS）；然后基于乐谱数据库比较 BDT模型与传统的决策树（DT）模型间的性能。实 验结果表明BDT的分类准确率优于DT模型。
（1）熟读唐诗三百首，不会写诗也会吟 （2）板凳要坐十年冷，文章不写一句空
专业英语学习的三重境界：
（1）独上高楼，望尽天涯路； （2）为伊消得人憔悴，衣带渐宽终不悔； （3）募然回首，那人却在灯火阑珊处。
赠言: 宝剑锋从磨砺出，梅花香自苦寒来。
附:
英语学习方法与体会分享
1、学习活生生的英语,把学英语变成一种乐趣。 (enjoy learning English)
VOA慢速英语 VOA常速英语 每日1篇 先反复听，再边复述边写。
每日1篇
VOA听力材料举例
（注：以上方法不仅训练了听说读写四种能力，且寓教于 乐。与传统的先背单词再翻译课文的学习方式截然不同）
英语学习方法与体会分享（续）
2 、利用各种资源和手段，沉浸在英语氛围中。 听MP3
听收音机
收看CCTV9
（3）较多使用祈使语气。 Let the function f(x) be 1. （4）复杂长句多。 （更多的专业英语语法以后课上会讲）
1.2 为什么要学习专业英语？ (Why)
（1）为了本科知识体系的完整 专业英语 公共英语 专业课
其它基础课
（2）为了吸收国外先进的知识 目前英文在科技领域占统治地位。现在世界上 很多科技文献都是以英文形式发表的。很多国 际学术会议的通用语言是英语。
⑴ 常用一般现在时态，表示真理或客观规律的陈述。 This paper presents a new method for music style classification. ⑵ 广泛使用被动语态，强调所论述的客观事物。 A comparative evaluation between BDT and traditional decision tree (DT) model is carried out on the database. （3）使用非限定动词，使句子简明。 A database of total 320 music staffs collected from CDs and the Internet is used for the experiment.
Hale Waihona Puke （3）为了就业很多专业性强的公司对专业英语的要求高。 产品说明书要翻译成英文 （面试时让翻译说明书） 从国外引进的技术资料要翻译成中文；
公司开发或买进的行业软件全是英文版（含帮助文档）；
需要与外方客户直接用英语交流；
（4）为了考研 英语考研题有英译汉、汉译英、写作等题型。 上述题型的解题能力都可以在专业英语课程中得到 训练提升；
专业英语（科技英语）：
一种用英语来揭示客观外部世界的本质和规律的信息传递工具。 专业英语文体特点： 语言简练、结构严谨、逻辑性强、原理概念清楚、重点突 出、段落章节分明、不带感情色彩。有专业背景。
与公共英语不同之处： （1）词汇 （2）词法结构 （3）句法结构
专业英语“词汇”特点：
⑴ 大量使用专业词汇和半专业词汇
网络在线广播 （NPR, CNN, BBC, ABC, CBC等） 网络在线电视（AP，Geographic，Discovery，RT等）
自己跟自己对话（情景假设）
考虑某句汉语换成英语该怎么说
（如：轻轻的我走了）
日常生活中留心英语（单词、声音等）
英语学习方法与体会分享（续）
3 、一些体会： （1）贵在坚持，日积月累， 水滴石穿； （2）大胆开口说英语，不要怕丢脸； （3）多开口说，让大脑与口腔适合于英语表达； （4）词汇量一定要保证； （5）只要你真正想学好，就一定能学好； 推荐一个英语学习网站： /tl/
第1讲 专业英语概述
Lecture 1: A brief introduction for Specialized English
本章主要内容
1.1 什么是专业英语？
(What)
1.2 为什么要学习专业英语？ (Why) 1.3 怎样学好专业英语？ (How)
1.1 什么是专业英语？
(What)
（5）为研究生阶段的学习打下基础 在硕士阶段经常要与专业英语打交道； 在博士阶段几乎每天要与专业英语打交道； 读英文文献； 写英文论文； 在国际学术会议上用英文作报告； 与国际同行通过Email和电话进行交流； （举例）
1.3 怎样学好专业英语？ (How)
学习秘诀: 多读多写 （结合自身经历）
Bayesian-inference
decision tree
⑵ 大量使用词缀和词根 tele- 表示“远距离传递之意
telegraph telephone telecommunication
⑶ 较多使用缩略词 MPS ：music playing speed DT ： decision tree
专业英语“词法”特点：
一段专业英语示例： Music style classification by mean of computers is very useful to music indexing, content-based music retrieval and other multimedia applications. This paper presents a new method for music style classification with a novel Bayesian-inference-based decision tree (BDT) model. A database of total 320 music staffs collected from CDs and the Internet is used for the experiment. For classification three features including the number of sharp octave (NSO), the number of simple meters (NSM), and the music playing speed (MPS) are extracted. Following that, a comparative evaluation between BDT and traditional decision tree (DT) model is carried out on the database. The results show that the classification accuracy rate of BDT far superior to existing DT model.