2016年6月大学英语六级第二套听力真题及答案
2016年6月大学英语六级第2套真题及答案解析
2016年6月大学英语六级考试真题(第二套)特别说明：2016年6月大学英语六级试卷的三套试题有重叠部分，本试卷(第二套)只列出与第一、第三套不重复的试题。
具体重叠部分：本卷所有听力题与第一套试卷有重复，本试卷不再列出。
Part I Writi ng (30 minu tes)For this part, you are allowed 30 minu tes to write a short essay on e-lear ning. Try to imagi ne what will happe n whe n more and more people study on li ne in stead of atte nding school. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Directions:Part III Readi ng comprehe nsion (40 minu tes)Section ADirections: In this sect ion, there is a passage with ten bla nks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the cen ter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more tha n once.The robotics revolutio n is set to bring huma ns face to face with an old fear —man-made creati ons as smart and capable as we are but without a moral compass. As robots take on ever more complex roles, the question naturally 26 : Who will be responsible when they do something wrong? Manu facturers? Users? Software writers? The an swer depe nds on the robot.Robots already save us time, money and energy. In the future, they will improve our health care, social welfare and sta ndard of liv ing. The 27 of computati onal power and engin eeri ng adva nces will 28 en able lower-cost in- home care for the disabled, 29 use of driverless cars that may reduce drunk- and distracted-driv ing accide nts and coun tless home and service-i ndustry uses for robots, from street clea ning to food preparati on.But there are 30_ to be problems. Robot cars will crash. A drone (? 遥控飞行器？ operator will 31some one' s privacy. A robotic law n mower will run over a n eighbor ' s cat. Juries sympathetic to the 32 of mach ines will punish en trepre neurs with compa ny-crush ing 33 and damages. What shouldgover nments do to protect people while 34 space for inno vati on?Big, complicated systems on which much public safety depends, like driverless cars, should be built, 35 and sold by manufacturers who take responsibility for ensuring safety and are liable for accide nts. Governments should set safety requireme nts and the n let in surers price the risk of the robots based on the manufacturer ' s driving record, not the passenger ' s.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2016年6月大学英语六级第2套真题及答案解析
2016 年6 月大学英语六级考试真题〔第二套〕特别说明：2016 年 6 月大学英语六级试卷的三套试题有重叠部分,本试卷〔第二套〕只列出与第一、第三套不重复的试题.具体重叠部分：本卷所有听力题与第一套试卷有重复,本试卷不再列出.Part I Writing <30 minutes>For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on e-learning. Try to imagine what will happen when more and more people study online instead of attending school. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Directions:Part III Reading comprehension <40 minutes>Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The robotics revolution is set to bring humans face to face with an old fear—man-made creations as smart and capable as we are but without a moral compass. As robots take on ever more complex roles, the question naturally 26 : Who will be responsible when they do something wrong? Manufacturers? Users? Software writers? The answer depends on the robot.Robots already save us time, money and energy. In the future, they will improve our health care, social welfare and standard of living. The 27 of computational power and engineering advances will 28 enable lower-cost in- home care for the disabled, 29 use of driverless cars that may reduce drunk- and distracted-driving accidents and countless home and service-industry uses for robots, from street cleaning to food preparation.But there are 30 to be problems. Robot cars will crash. A drone < 遥控飞行器 > operator will 31 someone’s privacy. A robotic lawn mower will run over a neighbor’s cat. Juries sympathetic to the 32 of machines will punish entrepreneurs with company-crushing 33 and damages. What should governments do to protect people while 34 space for innovation?Big, complicated systems on which much public safety depends, like driverless cars, should be built, 35 and sold by manufacturers who take responsibility for ensuring safety and are liable for accidents. Governments should set safety requirements and then let insurers price the risk of the robots based on the manufacturer’s driving record, not the passenger’s.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答.A> arises B> ascends C> bound D> combination E> definite F> eventually G> interfere H> invade I> manifesting J> penalties K> preserving L> programmed M> proximately N> victims O> widespreadSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Reform and Medical Costs[A] Americans are deeply concerned about the relentless rise in health care costs and health insurance premiums. They need to know if reform will help solve the problem. The answer is that no one has an easy fix for rising medical costs. The fundamental fix—reshaping how care is delivered and how doctors are paid in a wasteful, abnormal system—is likely to be achieved only through trial and error and incremental < 渐进的 > gains.[B] The good news is that a bill just approved by the House and a bill approved by the Senate Finance Committee would implement or test many reforms that should help slow the rise in medical costs over the long term. As a report in The New England Journal of Medicine concluded, "Pretty much every proposed innovation found in the health policy Iiterature these days is contained in these measures."[C] Medical spending, which typically rises faster than wages and the overall economy, is propelled by two things: the high prices charged for medical services in this country and the volume of unnecessary care delivered by doctors and hospitals, which often perform a lot more tests and treatments than a patient really needs.[D] Here are some of the important proposals in the House and Senate bills to try to address those problems, and why it is hard to know how well they will work.[E] Both bills would reduce the rate of growth in annual Medicare payments to hospitals, nursing homes and other providers by amounts comparable to the productivity savings routinely made in other industries with the help of new technologies and new ways to organize work. This proposal could save Medicare more than $100 billion over the next decade. If private plans demanded similar productivity savings from providers, and refused to let providers shift additional costs to them, the savings could be much larger. Critics say Congress will give in to lobbyists and let inefficient providers off the hook <放过>. That is far less likely to happen if Congress also adopts strong "pay-go"rules requiring that any increase in payments to providers be offset by new taxes or budget cuts.[F] The Senate Finance bill would impose an excise tax < 消费税 > on health insurance plans that cost more than $8,000 for an individual or $21,000 for a family. It would most likely cause insurers to redesign plans to fall beneath the threshold. Enrollees would have to pay more money for many services out of their own pockets, and that would encourage them to think twice about whether an expensive or redundant test was worth it. Economists project that most employers would shift money from expensive health benefits into wages, The House bill has no similar tax. The final legislation should.[G] Any doctor who has wrestled with multiple forms from different insurers, or patients who have tried to understand their own parade of statements, know that simplification ought to save money. When the health insurance industry was still cooperating in reform efforts, its trade group offered to provide standardized forms for automated processing. It estimated that step would save hundreds of billions of dollars over the next decade. The bills would lock that pledge into law. [H] The stimulus package provided money to convert the inefficient, paper-driven medical system to electronic records that can be easily viewed and transmitted. This requires open investments to help doctors convert. In time it should help restrain costs by eliminating redundant tests, preventing drug interactions, and helping doctors find the best treatments.[I] Virtually all experts agree that the fee-for-service system—doctors are rewarded for the quantity of care rather than its quality or effectiveness—is a primary reason that the cost of care isso high. Most agree that the solution is to push doctors to accept fixed payments to care for a particular illness or for a patient’s needs over a year. No one knows how to make that happen quickly. The bills in both houses would start pilot projects within Medicare. They include such measures as accountable care organizations to take charge of a patient’s nee ds with an eye on both cost and quality, and chronic disease management to make sure the seriously ill, who are responsible for the bulk of all health care costs, are treated properly. For the most part, these experiments rely on incentive payments to get doctors to try them.[J] Testing innovations do no good unless the good experiments are identified and expanded and the bad ones are dropped. The Senate bill would create an independent commission to monitor the pilot programs and recommend changes in Medi care’s payment policies to urge providers to adopt reforms that work. The changes would have to be approved or rejected as a whole by Congress, making it hard for narrow-interest lobbies to bend lawmakers to their will.[K] The bills in both chambers would create health insurance exchanges on which small businesses and individuals could choose from an array of private plans and possibly a public option. All the plans would have to provide standard benefit packages that would be easy to compare. To get access to millions of new customers, insurers would have a strong incentive to sell on the exchange. And the head-to-head competition might give them a strong incentive to lower their prices, perhaps by accepting slimmer profit margins or demanding better deals from providers.[L] The final legislation might throw a public plan into the competition, but thanks to the fierce opposition of the insurance industry and Republican critics, it might not save much money. The one in the House bill would have to negotiate rates with providers, rather than using Medicare rates, as many reformers wanted.[M] The president’s stimulus package is pumping money into research to compare how well various treatments work. Is surgery, radiation or careful monitoring best for prostate < 前列腺> cancer? Is the latest and most expensive cholesterol-lowering drug any better than its common competitors? The pending bills would spend additional money to accelerate this effort.[N] Critics have charged that this sensible idea would lead to rationing of care. <That would be true only if you believed that patients should have an unrestrained right to treatments proven to be inferior.> As a result, the bills do not require, as they should, that the results of these studies be used to set payment rates in Medicare.[O] Congress needs to find the courage to allow Medicare to pay preferentially for treatments proven to be superior.Sometimes the best treatment might be the most expensive. But overall, we suspect that spending would come down through elimination of a lot of unnecessary or even dangerous tests and treatments.[P] The House bill would authorize the secretary of health and human services to negotiate drug prices in Medicare and Medicaid. Some authoritative analysts doubt that the secretary would get better deals than private insurers already get. We believe negotiation could work. It does in other countries.[Q] Missing from these bills is any serious attempt to rein in malpractice costs. Malpractice awards do drive up insurance premiums for doctors in high-risk specialties, and there is some evidence that doctors engage in "defensive medicine" by performing tests and treatments primarily to prove they are not negligent should they get sued.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答.36. With a tax imposed on expensive health insurance plans, most employers will likely transfer money from health expenses into wages.37. Changes in policy would be approved or rejected as a whole so that lobbyists would find it hard to influence lawmakers.38. It is not easy to curb the rising medical costs in America.39. Standardization of forms for automatic processing will save a lot of medical expenses.40. Republicans and the insurance industry are strongly opposed to the creation of a public insurance plan.41. Conversion of paper to electronic medical records will help eliminate redundant tests and prevent drug interactions.42. The high cost of medical services and unnecessary tests and treatments have driven up medical expenses.43. One main factor that has driven up medical expenses is that doctors are compensated for the amount of care rather than its effect.44. Contrary to analysts’ doubts, the author believes drug prices may be lowered through negotiation.45. Fair competition might create a strong incentive for insurers to charge less.Section CDirections:There are two passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A>, B>, C> and D>.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Facing water shortages and escalating fertilizer costs, farmers in developing countries are using raw s ewage < 下水道污水 > to irrigate and fertilize nearly 49 million acres of cropland, according to a new report—and it may not be a bad thing.While the practice carries serious health risks for many, those dangers are outweighed by the social and economic gains for poor urban farmers and consumers who need affordable food. "There is a large potential for wastewater agriculture to both help and hurt great numbers of urban consumers," said Liqa Raschid-Sally, who led the study.The report focused on poor urban areas, where farms in or near cities supply relatively inexpensive food. Most of these operations draw irrigation water from local rivers or lakes. Unlike developed cities, however, these areas lack advanced water-treatment facilities, and rivers effectively become sewers < 下水道 >.When this water is used for agricultural irrigation, farmers risk absorbing disease-causing becteria, as do consumers who eat the produce raw and unwashed. Nearly 2.2 million people die a year because of diarrhea-related < 与腹泻相关的> diseases, according to WHO statistics. More than 80% of those cases can be attributed to contact with contaminated water and a lack of proper sanitation. But Pay Drechsel, an environmental scientist, argues that the social and economic benefits of using untreated human waste to grow food outweigh the health risks.Those dangers can be addressed with farmer and consumer education, he said, while the free water and nutrients from human waste can help urban farmers in developing countries to escape poverty. Agriculture is a water-intensive business, accounting for nearly 70% of global fresh waterconsumption.In poor, dry regions, untreated wastewater is the only viable irrigation source to keep farmers in business. In some cases, water is so scarce that farmers break open sewage pipes transporting waste to local rivers. Irrigation is the primary agricultural use of human waste in the developing world. But frequently untreated human waste harvested from lavatories is delivered to farms and spread as fertilizer.In most cases, the human waste is used on grain crops, which are eventually cooked, minimizing the risk of transmitting water-borne diseases. With fertilizer prices jumping nearly 50% per metric ton over the last year in some places, human waste is an attractive, and often necessary, alternative.In cases where sewage mud is used, expensive chemical fertilizer use can be avoided. The mud contains the same critical nutrients."Overly strict standards often fail," James Bartram, a WHO water-health expert, said. "We need to accept that fact across much of the planet, so waste with little or no treatment will be used in agriculture for good reason."注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答.46. What does the author say about the use of raw sewage for farming?A> Its risks cannot be overestimated. B> It should be forbidden altogether.C> Its benefits outweigh the hazards involved. D> It is polluting millions of acres of cropland.47. What is the main problem caused by the use of wastewater for irrigation?A> Rivers and lakes nearby will gradually become contaminated.B> It will drive producers of chemical fertilizers out of business.C> Farmers and consumers may be affected by harmful bacteria.D> It will make the farm produce less competitive on the market.48. What is environm ental scientist Pay Drechsel’s attitude towards the use of untreated human waste in agriculture?A> Favorable. B> Skeptical. C> Indifferent. D> Responsible.49. What does Pay Dreschsel think of the risks involved in using untreated human waste for farming?A> They have been somewhat exaggerated.B> They can be dealt with through education.C> They will be minimized with new technology.D> They can be addressed by improved sanitation.50. What do we learn about James Bartram’s position on the use of human waste for farming?A> He echoes Pay Drechsel’s opinion on the issue.B> He challenges Liqa Raschid-Sally’s conclusionC> He thinks it the only way out of the current food crisis.D> He deems it indispensable for combating global poverty.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.These days, nobody needs to cook. Families graze on high-cholesterol take-aways and microwaved ready-meals. Cooking is an occasional hobby and a vehicle for celebrity chefs. Which makes it odd that the kitchen has become the heart of the modern house: what the great hall was to the medieval castle, the kitchen is to the 21st-century home.The money spent on kitchens has risen with their status. In America the kitchen market is now worth $170 billion, 5 times the country’s film industry. In the year to August 2007, IKEA, a Swedish furniture chain, sold over one million kitchens worldwide. The average budget for a "major" kitchen overhaul in 2006, calculates Remodeling magazine, was a staggering $54,000; even a "minor" improvement cost on average $18,000..Exclusivity, more familiar in the world of high fashion, has reached the kitchen: Robinson & Cornish, a British manufacturer of custom-made kitchens, offers a Georgian-style one which would cost £145,000–155,000— excluding building, plumbing and electrical work. Its big selling point is that nobody else will have it: "You won’t see this kitchen anywhere else in the world." The elevation of the room that once belonged only to the servants to that of design showcase for the modern family tells the story of a century of social change. Right into the early 20th century, kitchens were smoky, noisy places, generally located underground, or to the back of the house, and as far from living space as possible. That was as it should be: kitchens were for servants, and the aspiring middle classes wanted nothing to do with them.But as the working classes prospered and the servant shortage set in, housekeeping became a matter of interest to the educated classes. One of the pioneers of a radical new way of thinking about the kitchen was Catharine Esther Beecher, sister of Harriet Beecher Stowe. In American Woman’s Home, published in 1869, the Beecher sisters recommended a scientific approach to household management, designed to enhance the efficiency of a woman’s work and promote order. Many contemporary ideas about kitchen design can be traced back to another American, Christine Frederick, who set about enhancing the efficiency of the housewife. Her 1919 work, Household Engineering: Scientific Management in the Home, was based on detailed observation of a housewife’s daily routine. She borrowed the principle of efficiency on the factory floor and applied it to domestic tasks on the kitchen floor.Frederick’s central idea, t hat "stove, sink and kitchen table must be placed in such a relation that useless steps are avoided entirely," inspired the first fully fitted kitchen, designed in the 1920s by Margarete Schütter-Lihotsky. It was a modernist triumph, and many elements remain central features of today’s kitchen.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答.51. What does the author say about the kitchen of today?A> It is where housewives display their cooking skills.B> It is where the family entertains important guests.C> It has become something odd in a modern house.D> It is regarded as the center of a modern home.52. Why does the Georgian-style kitchen sell at a very high price?A> It is believed to have tremendous artistic value.B> No duplicate is to be found in any other place.C> It is manufactured by a famous British company.D> No other manufacturer can produce anything like it.53. What does the change in the status of the kitchen reflect?A> Improved living conditions. B> Women’s elevated status.C> Technological progress. D> Social change.54. What was the Beecher sisters’ idea of a kitchen?A> A place where women could work more efficiently.B> A place where high technology could be applied.C> A place of interest to the educated people.D> A place to experiment with new ideas.55. W hat do we learn about today’s kitchen?A> It represents the rapid technological advance in people’s daily life.B> Many of its central features are no different from those of the 1920s.C> It has been transformed beyond recognition.D> Many of its functions have changed greatly.Part ⅣTranslation <30 minutes>Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You shouldwrite your answer on Answer Sheet 2.旗袍〔qipao〕是一种雅致的中国服装,源于中国的满族〔Manchu Nationality〕.在清代,旗袍是王室女性穿着的宽松长袍.上世纪20 年代,受西方服饰影响,旗袍发生了一些变化.袖口〔cuffs〕变窄,袍身变短.这些变化使女性美得以充分展现. 如今,旗袍经常出现在世界级的时装秀上.中国女性出席重要社交聚会时,旗袍往往是她们的首选. 很多中国新娘也会选择旗袍作为结婚礼服.一些有影响的人士甚至建议将旗袍作为中国女性的民族服饰.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答.2016 年6 月大学英语六级考试真题〔第二套〕解析Part I Writing[参考范文]Currently, on-line learning is booming all around the world as an increasing number of people prefer to use the Internet to take courses and acquire knowledge instead of attending school. E-learning provides many options in terms of time, location, subjects and costs. It can be predicted that students’ lives will absolutely and definitely be changed as e-learning becomes more and more popular in the future. Firstly, there is no doubt that online learning offers students more up-to-date knowledge, allowing them to keep up with the latest development in each field. Additionally, students can choose their learning location and time much more freely. Lastly, e-learners do not have to pay the expenses of transportation and accom- modation, so the cost of e-learning will be less than that of attending a traditional school. Consequently, that is the reason why a lot of people give up attending school in favor of e-learning. Although it is beneficial for students to choose online courses, the personal interaction between teachers and stu- dents in schools is irreplaceable. Therefore, we should combine attending school and e-learning together. Part III Reading comprehension <40 minutes>Section A[文章大意]随着人工智能的发展,机器人在生活中扮演的角色日益重要,但同时也出现了很多问题,对此,政府制定安全措施以减少潜在危害.[考核技能]综合能力[答案解析]26. A> arises. 空格所在句是由as 引导的状语从句, 从句是：As robots take on ever more complex roles, 主句是：the question naturally _____.主句缺谓语,故本空填动词,时态为现在时,选项中符合条件的动词有：arises〔升起,产生〕, ascends〔登高,攀岩〕,结合句意应该选A.本句大意为：随着机器人扮演更复杂的角色,问题自然就会产生.27. D> combination.由The _____of computational power and engineering advances 可知,此空为名词,选项中的名词有：combination〔结合〕,manifesting〔动名词,表明〕, penalties 〔惩罚〕,victims〔受害人〕,其中the combination of A and B 意为：A 和B 的结合.根据原文The combination of computational power and engineering advances〔计算能力和工程学进步的联合〕,combination 更符合题意,所以选D.28. F> eventually.本空位于will 和动词原形enable 之间,故此空为一副词,选项中的副词有：eventually〔最终地〕,proximately〔近似地〕,结合上下文应该选F.本句意为：计算能力和工程学进步的联合最终会使残疾人的家庭看护成本降低.29. O> widespread.空格所在句的成分_____ use of driverless cars 与其上文的lower-cost in-home care 和其下文的countless home and service-industry uses 构成并列关系,且都属于名词短语,故空格在此处修饰名词短语use of driverless cars,选项中只有widespread 符合题意,widespread use of driverless cars〔无人驾驶汽车的普遍使用〕,所以本题选O.30. C> bound.本题考查固定搭配.be bound to do/be sth. 意为：一定会,很可能会.结合原文,But there are bound to be problems〔但是一定会产生问题〕,这种表达更符合题意,故选 C.31. H> invade.空格所在句缺少动词,且在谓语will 之后,故此空为动词原形,选项为动词原形的有：interfere〔干涉, 介入〕, invade〔侵犯〕, 结合原文, invade someone’s privacy〔侵犯某人的隐私〕表达正确,所以选H.32. N> victims.由Juries sympathetic to the _____ of machines 可知此空为名词〔对机器的_____ 深表同情的陪审团们〕,选项中可选的名词有：penalties〔惩罚〕,victims〔受害人〕,其中the victims of machines〔机器的受害者〕符合上下文意,故选N.33. J> penalties.介词with 之后跟名词性质的词或短语,且crushing _____ 和damages 构成并列关系,选项中penalties〔罚款,刑罚〕符合,punish…with…意为：用……惩罚,本句意为：对这些机器的受害者抱有同情心的陪审团将会对企业家处以足以使企业倒闭的罚金与赔偿金.所以选J.34. K> preserving.空格位于while〔在……期间,与……同时〕之后,while 之后常跟doing 非谓语结构省略句,结合上下文大意,K 项的preserving 符合,即What should government do to protect people while preserving space for innovation〔政府应该怎样做才能在为技术创新保留空间的同时保护公民呢〕,所以选K.35. L> programmed.根据所在句大意：应该建立公共安全所依赖的大型复杂系统,以无人驾驶汽车为例,并由承担保证安全性和为事故负责的生产商建造、_____ 和售出.根据句意可知programmed〔编程〕符合逻辑,故本题选L.Section B[话题分类]健康[文章大意]美国日益高昂的医疗成本和医疗保险困扰着每位美国人,想要通过医疗改革解决这一问题需要经过不断的尝试.美国下议院和参议院均推出相关条令和改革方案试图改善目前的医疗状况.[考核技能]综合能力36. With a tax imposed on expensive health insurance plans, most employers will likely transfer money from healthexpense into wages.[正确答案]F[答案解析]根据题干中的关键词health insurance plans 和关键信息transfer money from health expense into wages 可将答案定位至原文F 段,该段首句提到：The Senate Finance bill would impose an excise tax on health insurance plans〔参议院财政法案将强制征收医疗保险的消费税〕,本段又提到：most employers would shift money from expensive health benefitsinto wages〔大部分雇员会将高昂的医疗花费转为工资〕,此段与本题大意相符,故选F. 37. Changes in policy would be approved or rejected as a whole so that lobbyists would find it hard to influencelawmakers.[正确答案]J[答案解析]根据本题题干中的关键信息Changes,approved or rejected 和lobbyists 可将答案定位至J段的最后一句The changes would have to be approved or rejected as a whole by Congress, making it hard for narrow-interest lobbies to bend lawmakers to their will〔这些变化必须由美国国会统一通过或否决,这会让利益狭窄的游说团很难说服立法者服从他们的意愿〕,故本题与J 段匹配.38. It is not easy to curb the rising medical costs in America.[正确答案]A[答案解析]本句意为：阻止美国高涨的医疗费用并不容易.原文A 段陈述了美国高昂的医疗成本,关于是否能解决这一问题,作者表示：The answer is that no one has an easy fix for rising medical costs〔答案是没人能轻易解决医疗成本这个问题〕, curb 意为：控制, 与原文中的fix〔操纵〕相对应, 故本题选A.39. Standardization of forms for automatic processing will save a lot of medical expenses.[正确答案]G[答案解析]根据题干的关键词Standardization of forms 和automatic processing 可将答案定位至原文G段中间两句：its trade group offered to provide standardized forms for automated processing. It estimated that step would save hundreds of billions of dollars over the next decade 〔贸易团体会为自动化过程提供标准形式,据估计,这会为接下来的十年节省数千亿美元〕,所以本题对应G 段.40. Republicans and the insurance industry are strongly opposed to the creation of a public insurance plan.[正确答案]L[答案解析]本题意为：共和党人士和保险业强烈反对成立公共保险计划.根据题干中的关键词Repub-licans,insurance industry 和opposed to 可将答案定位至L 段,本段提到The final legislation might throw a public plan into the competition, but thanks to the fierce opposition of the insurance industry and Republiccritics〔最终的立法可能会使得竞争围绕公共计划展开,但由于保险业和共和党人士的强烈反对……〕,本题是对该句的同义转述,故选L.41. Conversion of paper to electronic medical records will help eliminate redundant tests and prevent drug interactions.[正确答案]H[答案解析]根据本题的关键词：electronic medical records,eliminate redundant tests 和prevent drug interactions可将答案定位至H 段,本段提到The stimulus package provided money to convert the inefficient, paper- driven medical system to electronic records that can be easily viewed and transmitted〔经济刺激方案提供的资金将效率低、受纸质驱动的医疗系统转化成可以轻松浏览和传播的电子记录〕.其后又接着说：In time it should help restrain costs by eliminating redundant test, preventing drug interactions, and helping doctors find the best treatments〔它是时候通过消除冗余的检测、防止出现药物相互作用、帮助医生找到最佳治疗方法,来控制成本〕,所以本题选H.42. The high cost of medical services and unnecessary tests and treatments have driven up medical expenses.[正确答案]C[答案解析]本题意为：高昂的医疗服务费和不必要的检测和治疗促使医疗费用增加.原文C 段提到Medical spending… is propelled by two things: the high prices charged for medical services… and the volume of unnecessary care…which often perform a lot more tests and treatments〔医疗费用受两种事物的推进：高昂的医疗服务费和不必要的众多检查和治疗费用〕,所以本题选C.43. One main factor that has driven up medical expenses is that doctors are compensated for the amount of carerather than its effect.[正确答案]I[答案解析]原文I 段讲述了医生的收入问题.开头提到：the fee-for-service system—doctors are rewarded for the quantity of care rather than its quality or effectiveness—is a primary reason that the cost of care is so high 〔在医疗服务体系中,医生的收入是跟治疗的数量,而非质量或效果挂钩的,这是造成医疗费用高昂的主要原因〕,故本题符合I 段的概述.44. Contrary to analysts’ doubts, the author believes drug prices may be lowered through negotiation.[正确答案]P[答案解析]根据题干中的关键词analysts’doubts 和negotiation 可将答案定位至原文P 段：Some authoritative analysts doubt that the secretary would get better deals than private insurers already get. We believe negotiation could work〔一些官方分析家质疑部长能比私营保险公司得到更好的价钱,我们相信谈判行得通〕,后面又补充一句：It does in other countries 〔在其他国家成功了〕.由此可推断作者与分析家的观点相反,所以本题选P 段.45. Fair competition might create a strong incentive for insurers to charge less.[正确答案]K[答案解析]根据题干中的关键信息：competition,a strong incentive 可将答案定位至原文K 段：Andthe head-to-head competition might give them a strong incentive to lower their prices 〔正面竞争可能会给他们有力的刺激,从而降低价格〕,其中to lower their prices 对应题干的to charge less,所以选K 段.Section CPassage One[话题分类]环境与发展[文章大意]水资源短缺, 灌溉设备成本高, 很多发展中国家的农民不得不使用下水道污水灌溉农作物,而相关研究人员表示这种行为利大于弊,污水灌溉产生的农业经济效益要超过潜在的健康问题.46.[正确答案] C[考核技能]态度信息[答案解析]原文第一段提到农民使用下水道污水灌溉,作者对此做出的评价是：it may not be a bad thing〔这也许不是一件坏事〕,紧接着在第二段解释：While the practice carries serious health risks for many, those dangers are outweighed by the social and economic gains for poor urban farmers and consumers who need affordable food〔尽管这一行为会给很多人带来严重的健康风险,对于需要得到粮食供应的贫穷的城市农民和消费者来说,与社会和经济收益比,那些风险没那么重要〕,由此可知作者认为污水灌溉利大于弊,这与C 项利大于弊的态度相符,所以本题选C.47.[正确答案] C。
2016年6月英语四级听力真题及答案第2套
2016年6月真英语四级真题及答案:第2套Section A News ReportDirections： In this section， you will hear three newsreports。
At the end of each news report， you willhear two or three questions。
Both the news reportand the questions will be spoken only once。
Afteryou hear a question， you must choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A）， B）， C） and D）。
Then mark thecorresponding lette r on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre。
Drections: Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.Question 1A) How college students can improve their sleep habits.B) Why sufficient sleep is important for college students.C) Why college students are more likely to have stress problems.D) How college students can handle their psychological problems.Question 2A) It is not easy to improve one's sleep habits.B) It is not good for students to play video games.C) Students who are better prepared generally get higher scores in examinations.D) Making last-minute preparations for tests may be less effective than sleeping.Drections: Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.Question 3A) Whether more airports should be built around London.B) Whether adequate investment is being made to improve airport facilities.C) Whether the British Airports Authority should sell off some of its assets.D) Whether the Spanish company could offer better service.Question 4A) Inefficient management.B) Poor ownership structure.C) Lack of innovation and competition.D) Lack of runway and terminal capacity.Drections: Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.Question 5A) Report the nicotine content of their cigarettes.B) Set a limit to the production of their cigarettes.C) Take steps to reduce nicotine in their products.D) Study the effects of nicotine on young smokers.Question 6A) The biggest increase in nicotine content tended to be in brands young smokers like.B) Big tobacco companies were frank with their customers about the hazards of smoking.C) Brands which contain higher nicotine content were found to be much more popular.D) Tobacco companies refused to discuss the detailed nicotine content of their products.Question 7A) They promised to reduce the nicotine content in cigarettes.B) They have not fully realized the harmful effect of nicotine.C) They were not prepared to comment on the cigarette study.D) They will pay more attention to the quality of their products.Section B ConversationDirections： In this section， you will hear two long conversations。
6月大学英语六级听力题目答案及原文第2套
Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer. from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) The project the man managed at CucinTech.B) The updating of technology at CucinTech.C)The man's switch to a new career.D) The restructuring of her company.2. A) Talented personnel.B) Strategic innovation.C) Competitive products.D) Effective promotion.3. A) Expand the market.B) Recruit more talents.C) Innovate constantly.D) Watch out for his competitors.4. A) Possible bankruptcy.B) Unforeseen difficulties.C) Conflicts within the company.D) Imitation by one's competitors.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) The job of an interpreter.B) The stress felt by professionals.C) The importance of language proficiency.D) The best way to effective communication.6. A) Promising.B) Admirable.C) Rewarding.D) Meaningful.7. A) They all have a strong interest in language.B) They all have professional qualifications.C) They have all passed language proficiency tests.D) They have all studied cross-cultural differences.8. A) It requires a much larger vocabulary.B) It attaches more importance to accuracy.C) It is more stressful than simultaneous interpreting.D) It puts one's long-term memory under more stress..Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you willhear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line throughthe centre.Passage OneQuestions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) It might affect mothers' health.B) It might disturb infants' sleep.C) It might increase the risk of infants, death.D) It might increase mothers' mental distress.10. A) Mothers who breast-feed their babies have a harder time falling asleep.B) Mothers who sleep with their babies need a little more sleep each night.C) Sleeping patterns of mothers greatly affect their newborn babies' health.D) Sleeping with infants in the same room has a negative impact on mothers.11. A) Change their sleep patterns to adapt to their newbornbabies'.B) Sleep in the same room but not in the same bed as their babies.C) Sleep in the same house but not in the same room as their babies.D) Take precautions to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome.Passage TwoQuestions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) A lot of native languages have already died out in the US.B) The US ranks first in the number of endangered languages.C) The efforts to preserve Indian languages have proved fruitless.D) More money is needed to record the native languages in the US.13. A) To set up more language schools.B) To document endangered languages.C) To educate native American children.D) To revitalise America's native languages.14. A) The US govemment's policy of Americanising Indian children.B) The failure of American Indian languages to gain an official status.C) The US government's unwillingness to spend money educating Indians.D) The long-time isolation of American Indians from the outside world.15. A) It is being utilised to teach native languages.B) It tells traditional stories during family time.C) It speeds up the extinction of native languages.D) It is widely used in language immersion schools.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by threeor four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Recording OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) It pays them up to half of their previous wages while they look for work.B) It covers their mortgage payments and medical expenses for99 weeks.C) It pays their living expenses until they find employment again.D) It provides them with the basic necessities of everyday life.17. A) Creating jobs for the huge army of unemployed workers.B) Providing training and guidance for unemployed workers.C) Convincing local lawmakers to extend unemployment benefits.D) Raising funds to help those having no unemployment insurance.18. A) To offer them loans they need to start their own businesses.B) To allow them to postpone their monthly mortgage payments.C) To create more jobs by encouraging private investments in local companies.D) To encourage big businesses to hire back workers with government subsidies.Recording TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) They measured the depths of sea water.B) They analyzed the water content.C) They explored the ocean floor.D) They investigated the ice.20. A) Eighty percent of the ice disappears in summer time.B) Most of the ice was accumulated over the past centuries.C) The ice ensures the survival of many endangered species.D) The ice decrease is more evident than previously thought.21. A) Arctic ice is a major source of the world's fresh water.B) The melting Arctic ice has drowned many coastal cities.C) The decline of Arctic ice is irreversible.D) Arctic ice is essential to human survival.22. A) It will do a lot of harm to mankind.B) There is no easy way to understand it.C) It will advance nuclear technology.D) There is no easy technological solution to it.Recording ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23. A) The reason why New Zealand children seem to have better self-control.B) The relation between children's self-control and theirfuture success.C) The health problems of children raised by a single parent.D) The deciding factor in children's academic performance.24. A) Children raised by single parents will have a hard time in their thirties.B) Those with a criminal record mostly come from single parent families.C) Parents must learn to exercise self-control in front of their children.D) Lack of self-control in parents is a disadvantage for their children.25. A) Self-control can be improved through education.B) Self-control can improve one's financial situation.C) Self-control problems may be detected early in children.D) Self-control problems will diminish as one grows up.第二套答案1. A) The project the man managed at CucinTech.2. B) Strategic innovation.3. C) Innovate constantly.4. D) Imitation by one's competitors.5. A) The job of an interpreter.6. B) Admirable.7. B) They all have professional qualifications.8. C) It is more stressful than simultaneous interp reting.Section B9. C) It might increase the risk of infants' death .10. D) Sleeping with infants in the same room hasa negative impact on mothers.11. B) Sleep in the same room but not in the same bed as their babies.12. A) A lot of native languages have already died out in the US.13. D) To revitalise America's native languages.14. A) The US government's policy of Americanising Indian children.15. C) It speeds up the extinction of native langu ages.Section C16. A) It pays them up to half of their previous wages while they look for work.17. B) Providing training and guidance for unemployed workers.18. C) To create more jobs by encouraging private investments in local companies.19. D) They investigated the ice.20. D) The ice decrease is more evident than previ ously thought.The decline of Arctie ice is irreversible.22. D) There is no easy technological solution to it.23. B) The relation between children's self-control and their future success.24. B) Those with a criminal record mostly come fr om single parent families.25. A) Self-control can be improved through educatio n.2016年6月大学英语六级考试真题听力原文(第二套)Section AConversation OneW: So, Mike, you managed the innovation project at CucinTech. M: I did, indeed.W: Well, then. First, congratulations! It seems to have been very successful.M: Thanks. Yes. I really helped things turn around at CucinTech. W: Was the revival in their fortunes entirely due to strategic innovationM: Yes, yes. I think it was. CucinTech was a company who were very much following the pack, doing what everyone else was doing, and getting rapidly left behind. I could see there was a lot of talent there, and some great potential, particularly in their product development. I just had to harness that somehow.W: Was innovation at the core of the projectM: Absolutely. If it doesn't sound like too much of a cliche,our world is constantly changing and it"s changing quickly.We need to be innovating constantly to keep up with this.Stand still, and you#re lost.W: No stopping to sniff the rosesM: Well, I$ll do that in my personal life. Sure. But as a business strategy, I%m afraid there is no stopping.W: What exactly is strategic innovation thenM: Strategic innovation is the process of managing innovation of making sure it takes place at all levels of the company and that is related to the company's overall strategy. W: I see.M: So, instead of innovation for innovation's sake and new products being created simply because the technology is there, the company culture must switch from these point-in-time innovations to a continuous pipeline of innovations from everywhere and everyone.W: How did you align strategies throughout the companyM: I soon became aware that campaigning is useless. People takeno notice. Simply, it came about through good practice trickling down. This built consent. People could see it was the best way to work.W: Does innovation on this scale really give a competitive advantageM: I'm certain of it. Absolutely, especially if it's difficult for a competitor to a copy. The risk is of course that innovation may frequently lead to imitation.W: But not if it's strategicM: Precisely.W: Thanks for talking to us.M: Sure.Questions 1to4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. What seems to have been very successful according to the womanspeaker2. What did the company lack before the man's scheme wasimplemented3. What does the man say he should do in his business4. What does the man say is the risk of innovation Conversation TwoM: Today my guest is Dana Ivanovich, who has worked for the last20 years as an interpreter. Dana, welcome.W: Thank you.M: Now, I'd like to begin by saying that I have on occasions used an interpreter myself as a foreign correspondent.So I’m full of admiration for what you do. But I think your profession is sometimes underrated and many people think anyone who speaks more than one language can do it.W: There aren"t any interpreters I know who don#t have professional qualifications and training. You only really get profession after many years in the job.M: And am I right in saying you can divide what you do into two distinct methods: simultaneous and consecutive interpreting.W: That$s right. The techniques you use are different. And alot of interpreters will say one is easier than the other, less stressful.M: Simultaneous interpreting, putting someone's words into another language more or less as they speak, sounds to me like the more difficult.W: Well, actually no. Most people in the business would agree that consecutive interpreting is the more stressful. You have to wait for the speaker to deliver quite a chunk of language before you then put it into the second language which puts your short-term memory under intense stress. M: You make notes, I presumeW: Absolutely. Anything like numbers, names, places have to be noted down, but the rest is never translated word for word.You have to find a way of summarizing it. So that the message is there, turning every single word into the target language would put too much strain on the interpreter and slow down the whole process too much.M: But with simultaneous interpreting, you start translating almost as soon as the other person starts speaking, you must have some preparation beforehand.W: Well, hopefully, the speakers will let you have an outline of the topic a day or two in advance, you have a little time to do research, prepare technical expressions and so on. Questions 5to8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. What are the speakers mainly talking about6. What does the man think of Dana's profession7. What does Dana say about the interpreters she knows8. What do most interpreters think of consecutive interpreting Section BPassage OneMothers have been warned for years that sleeping with their new-born infant is a bad idea, because it increases the risk that the baby might die unexpectedly during the night. But now Israeli researchers are reporting that even sleeping in the same room can have negative consequences, not for the child, but for the mother. Mothers who slept in the same room as their infants, whether in the same bed or just the same room, hadpoorer sleep than mothers whose baby slept elsewhere in the house. They woke up more frequently, were awake approximately 20 minutes longer per night, and had shorter periods of uninterrupted sleep. These results held true even taking into account that many of the women in the study were breast-feeding their babies. Infants, on the other hand, didn't appear to have worse sleep whether they slept in the same or different room from their mothers. The researchers acknowledge that since the families they studied were all middle-class Israelis. It，s possible the results would be different in different cultures. Lead author Lyati Sotski wrote in an email that the research team also didn-t measure fathers' sleep. So it's possible that their sleep patterns could also be causing the sleep disruptions for mums. Right now, to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that mothers not sleep in the same bed as their babies, but sleep in the same room. The Israeli study suggests that doing so may be best for the baby, but may take a toll on mum.Questions 9toll are based on the passage you have just heard.9. What is the long-held view about mothers" sleeping withnew-born babies10. What do Israeli researchers' findings show11. What does the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend mothers doPassage TwoThe US has already lost more than a third of the native languages that existed before European colonization and the remaining 192 are classed by UNESCO as ranging between unsafe and extinct. u We need more funding and more effort to return these languages to everyday use," says Fred Nawusky of the National Museum of the American Indian. “We are making progress, but money needs to be spent on revitalizing languages, not just documenting them." Some 40 languages mainly in California and Oklahoma where thousands of Indians were forced to relocate in the 19th century have fewer than 10 native speakers. Part of the issue is that tribal groups themselves don%t always believe their languages are endangered until they are down to the last handful of speakers. u But progress is being made through emerging schools, because if you teach children when they are young, it will stay with them as adults and that&s the future,"says Mr. Nawusky, a Comanche Indian. Such schools have become a model in Hawaii, but the islanders’ local language is still classed by UNESCO as critically endangered because only 1,000 people speak it. The decline in American Indian languages has its historical roots. In the mid-19th century, the US government adopted a policy of Americanizing Indian children by removing them from their homes and culture. Within a few generations, most had forgotten their native tongues. Another challenge to language survival is television. It has brought English into homes, and pushed out traditional storytelling and family time together, accelerating the extinction of native languages.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. What do we learn from the report13. For what purpose does Fred Nawusky appeal for more funding14. What is the historical cause of the decline in American Indian Languages15. What does the speaker say about televisionSection CRecording oneGreg Rosen lost his job as a sales manager nearly three years ago and is still unemployed. “It literally is like something in a dream to remember what it's like to actually be able to go out and put in a day's work and receive a day's pay."At first Rosen bought groceries and made house payments with the help from unemployment insurance. It pays laid-off workers up to half of their previous wages while they look for work. But now, that insurance has run out for him and he has to make tough choices. He-s cut back on medications and he no longer helps support his disabled mother. It is a devastating experience. New research says the US recession is now over. But many people remain unemployed and unemployed workers face difficult odds. There is literally only one job opening for every five unemployed workers, so four out of five unemployed workers have actually no chance of finding a new job. Businesses have downsized or shutdown across America, leading fewer job opportunities for those in search of work. Experts who monitor unemployment statistics here in Bucks County, Pennsylvania say about 28,000 people are unemployed and many of them are joblessdue to no fault of their own. Thafs where the Bucks County Careerlink comes in.Local director Elizabeth Walsh says they provide training and guidance to help unemployed workers find local job opportunities. “So here’s the job opening. Here's the job seeker. Match them together under one roof," she says. But the lack of work opportunities in Bucks County limits how much she can help. Rosen says he hopes Congresswill take action. This month, he launched the Ninety-Niners Union, an umbrella organization of eighteen Internet- based grass roots groups of Ninety-Niners. Their goal is to convince law makers to extend unemployed benefits. But Pennsylvania State representative Scott Petri says governments simply do not have enough money to extend unemployment insurance. He thinks the best way to help the long-term unemployed is to allow private citizens to invest in local companies that can create more jobs. But the boost in investor confidence needed for the plan to work will take time. Time that Rosen says still requires him to buy food and make monthly mortgage payments. Rosen says he%ll use the last of his savings to try to hang onto the home he worked for more than twenty years to buy. But once that moneyis gone, he says he doesn’t know what he'll do.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. How does unemployment insurance help the unemployed17. What is local director Elizabeth Walsh of the Bucks County Careerlink doing18. What does Pennsylvania state representative Scott Petri say is the best way to help the long-term unemployed Recording TwoEarlier this year, British explorer Pen Huddle and his team tracked for three months across the frozen Arctic Ocean, taking measurements and recording observations about the ice.“Well, we)ve been led to believe that we would encounter a good proportion of this older, thicker, technically multi-year ice that+s been around for a few years and just get thicker and thicker. We actually found there wasn't any multi-year ice at all."Satellite observations and submarine service over the pastfew years had shown less ice in the polar region. But the recent measurements show the lost is more pronounced than previously thought.u We are looking at roughly 80 percent loss of ice cover on the Arctic ocean in ten years, roughly ten years and 100 percent loss in nearly twenty years."Cambridge scientist Peter Waddams, been measuring and monitoring the Arctic since 1971, says the decline is irreversible.The more you lose, the more open water is created, the more warming goes on in that open water during the summer, the less ice forms in the winter, the more melt there is the following summer. It becomes a breakdown process where everything ends up accelerating until ifs all gone."Martin Summercorn runs the Arctic program for the environmental charity the World Wildlife Fund. u The Arctic sea ice holds a central position in the earth’s climate system and it’s deteriorating faster than expected. Actually, it has to translate into more urgency to deal with the climate change problem and reduce emissions."Summercorn says a plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions blamed for global warming needs to come out of the Copenhagen Climate Change Summit in December.“We have to basically achieve there—the commitment to deal with the problem now. That’s the minimum. We have to do that equitably. And that we have to find a commitment that is quick."Waddams echoes the need for urgency. “The carbon that we’ve put into the atmosphere keeps having a warming effect for 100 years. So we have to cut back rapidly now. Because it would take a long time to work its way through into our response by the atmosphere. We can’t switch off global warming just by being good in the future. We have to start being good now."Waddams says there is no easy technological fix to climate change. He and other scientists say there are basically two options to replacing fossil fuels. Generating energy with renewables or embracing nuclear power.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. What did Pen Huddle and his team do in the Arctic Ocean20. What does the report say about the Arctic region21. What does Cambridge scientist Peter Waddams say in his study22. How does Peter Waddams view climate changeRecording ThreeFrom a very early age, some children exhibit better self-control than others. Now, a new study that began with about 1,000 children in New Zealand has tracked how a child"s low self-control can predict poor health, money troubles and even a criminal record in their adult years. Researchers have been studying this group of children for decades now. Some of their earliest observations have to do with the level of self-control the youngsters displayed. Parents, teachers, even the kids themselves, scored the youngsters on measures like ^acting before thinking" and “persistence in reaching goals".The children of the study are now adults in their thirties. Terrie Moffitt of Duke University and her research colleagues found that kids with self-control issues tended to grow up to become adults with a far more troubling set of issues to deal with.“The children who had the lowest self-control when they were age L to 10, later on had the most health problems in their thirties, and they had the worst financial situation. And they were more likely to have a criminal record and to be raising a child as a single parent on a very low income."Speaking from New Zealand via Skype, Moffitt explained that self-control problems were widely observed and weren’t just a feature of a small group of misbehaving kids.“Even the children who had above-average self-control as pre-schoolers could have benefited from more selfcontrol training. They could have improved their financial situation and their physical and mental health situation 30 years later."So, children with minor self-control problems were likely as adults to have minor health problems, and so on. Moffitt said ifs still unclear why some children have better self-control than others, though she says other researchers have found that ifs mostly a learned behavior, with relatively little genetic influence. But good selfcontrol can be set to run in families in that children who have good self-control are more likely to grow up to be healthy and prosperous parents.“Whereas some of the low self-control study members are more likely to be single parents with a very low income and the parent is in poor health and likely to be a heavy substance abuser. So thafs not a good atmosphere for a child. So it looks as though self-control is something that in one generation can disadvantage the next generation."But the good news is that Moffitt says self-control can be taught by parents, and through school curricula that have proved to be effective. Terry Moffitfs paper “On the Link Between Childhood Self-control and Adults’ StatusDecades Later" is published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23. What is the new study about24. What does the study seem to show25. What does Moffitt say is the good news from their study。
2016年6月英语六级(第2套)真题及答案解析
2016年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案和解析(第2套) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on living in the virtual world. Try to imagine what will happen when people spend more and more time in thevirtu al world instead of interacting in the real world. You are required to write at least 150 wordsbut no more than 200 wordsll diminish as one grows up.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.The robotics revolution is set to bring humans face to face with an old fear—man-made creations as smart and capable as we are but without a moral compass. As robots take on ever more complex roles, the question naturally 26__________ : Who will be responsible when they do something wrong? Manufacturers?Users?Software writers? The answer depends on the robot. Robots already save us time, money and energy. In the future, they will improve our health care, social welfare and standard of living. The 27__________ of computational power and engineering advances will 28__________ enable lower-cost in-home care for the disabled, 29__________ use of driverless cars that may reduce drunk- and distracted-driving accidents and countless home and service-industry uses for robots, from street cleaning to food preparation.But there are 30__________ to be problems. Robot cars will crash. A drone (遥控飞行器) operator will 31__________ someone's privacy. A robotic lawn mower will run over a neighbor's cat. Juries sympathetic to the 32__________ of machines will punish entrepreneurs with company-crushing 33__________ and damages. What should governments do to protect people while 34__________ space for innovation?Big, complicated systems on which much public safety depends, like driverless cars, should be built, 35__________ and sold by manufacturers who take responsibility for ensuring safety and are liable for accidents. Governments should set safety requirements and then let insurers price the risk of the robots based on the manufacturer's driving record, not the passenger's.A. arisesB. ascendsC. boundD. combinationE. definiteF. eventuallyG. interfereH. invadeI. manifestingJ. penaltiesK. preservingL. programmedM. proximatelyN. victimsO. widespreadSection BReform and Medical Costs[A] Americans are deeply concerned about the relentless rise in health care costs and healthinsuran ce premiums. They need to know if reform will help solve the problem. The answer isthat no one has an easy fix for rising medical costs. The fundamental fix—reshaping how careis delivered and how d octors are paid in a wasteful, abnormal system—is likely to be achievedonly through trial and error a nd incremental (渐进的）gains.[B] The good news is that a bill just approved by the House and a bill approved by the SenateFinanc e Committee would implement or test many reforms that should help slow the rise inmedical costs o ver the long term. As a report in The New England Journal of Medicine concluded,"Pretty much every proposed innovation found in the health policy literature these days iscontained in these measures."[C] Medical spending, which typically rises faster than wages and the overall economy, ispropelled by two things: the high prices charged for medical services in this country and thevolume of unnece ssary care delivered by doctors and hospitals, which often perform a lotmore tests and treatments t1han a patient really needs.[D] Here are some of the important proposals in the House and Senate bills to try to addressthose pr oblems, and why it is hard to know how well they will work.[E] Both bills would reduce the rate of growth in annual Medicare payments to hospitals,nursing hom es and other providers by amounts comparable to the productivity savingsroutinely made in other in dustries with the help of new technologies and new ways to organizework. This proposal could save Medicare more than $100 billion over the next decade. Ifprivate plans demanded similar productivit y savings from providers, and refused to letproviders shift additional costs to them, the savings could be much larger. Critics sayCongress will give in to lobbyists and let inefficient providers off the hook T hat is far less likelyto happen if Congress also adopts strong upaygo” rules requiring that any increas e inpayments to providers be offset by new taxes or budget cuts.[F] The Senate Finance bill would impose an excise tax(消费税）on health insurance plans thatcost more than $8,000 for an individual or $21,000 for a family. It would most likely causeinsurers to redesign plans to fall beneath the threshold. Enrollees would have to pa y moremoney for many services out of their own pockets, and that would encourage them to thinkt wice about whether an expensive or redundant test was worth it. Economists project thatmost empl oyers would shift money from expensive health benefits into wages. The House billhas no similar tax. T he final legislation should.[G] Any doctor who has wrestled with multiple forms from different insurers, or patients whohave trie d to understand their own parade of statements, know that simplification ought tosave money. Whe n the health insurance industry was still cooperating in reform efforts, itstrade group offered to provid e standardized forms for automated processing. It estimated thatstep would save hundreds of billion s of dollars over the next decade. The bills would lock thatpledge into law.[H] The stimulus package provided money to convert the inefficient, paper-driven medicalsystem to electronic records that can be easily viewed and transmitted. This requires openinvestments to help doctors convert. In time it should help restrain costs by eliminatingredundant tests, preventing drug i nteractions, and helping doctors find the best treatments.[I] Virtually all experts agree that the fee-for-service system—doctors are rewarded for thequantity of care rather than its quality or effectiveness—is a primary reason that the cost ofcare is so high. Most agree that the solution is to push doctors to accept fixed payments tocare for a particular illness or f or a patient's needs over a year. No one knows how to makethat happen quickly. The bills in both h ouses would start pilot projects within Medicare. Theyinclude such measures as accountable care or ganizations to take charge of a patient's needswith an eye on both cost and quality, and chronic di sease management to make sure theseriously ill, who are responsible for the bulk of all health care c osts, are treated properly. Forthe most part, these experiments rely on incentive payments to get do ctors to try them.[J] Testing innovations do no good unless the good experiments are identified and expandedand th e bad ones are dropped. The Senate bill would create an independent commission tomonitor the pi lot programs and recommend changes in Medicare's payment policies to urgeproviders to adopt re forms that work. The changes would have to be approved or rejected as awhole by Congress, maki ng it hard for narrow-interest lobbies to bend lawmakers to their will.[K] The bills in both chambers would create health insurance exchanges on which smallbusinesses a nd individuals could choose from an array of private plans and possibly a publicoption. All the plans would have to provide standard benefit packages that would be easy tocompare. To get access t o millions of new customers, insurers would have a strong incentiveto sell on the exchange. And the head-to-head competition might give them a strongincentive to lower their prices, perhaps by acc epting slimmer profit margins or demandingbetter deals from providers.[L] The final legislation might throw a public plan into the competition, but thanks to thefierce opposi tion of the insurance industry and Republican critics, it might not save muchmoney. The one in the House bill would have to negotiate rates with providers, rather thanusing Medicare rates, as many ref ormers wanted.[M] The president's stimulus package is pumping money into research to compare how wellvarious tr eatments work. Is surgery, radiation or careful monitoring best for prostate (前列腺)cancer? Is the latest and most expensive cholesterol-lowering drug any better than its commonc ompetitors? The pending bills would spend additional money to accelerate this effort.[N] Critics have charged that this sensible idea would lead to rationing of care.(That would betrue only if you believed that patients should have an unrestrained right to treatments provento be inferior.) As a result, the bills do not require, as they should, that the results of thesestudi es be used to set payment rates in Medicare.[O] Congress needs to find the courage to allow Medicare to pay preferentially for treatmentsprove n to be superior. Sometimes the best treatment might be the most expensive. Butoverall, we suspect that spending would come down through elimination of a lot ofunnecessary or even dangerous tes ts and treatments.[P] The House bill would authorize the secretary of health and human services to negotiatedrug pric es in Medicare and Medicaid. Some authoritative analysts doubt that the secretarywould get better deals than private insurers already get. We believe negotiation could work. Itdoes in other countries. [Q] Missing from these bills is any serious attempt to rein in malpractice costs. Malpracticeawards do drive up insurance premiums for doctors in high-risk specialties, and there is someevidence that doc tors engage in "defensive medicine" by performing tests and treatmentsprimarily to prove they are n ot negligent should they get sued.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2016年6月大学英语六级听力题目答案及原文第2套
2016年6月大学英语六级听力题目答案及原文第2套Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer. from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) The project the man managed at CucinTech.B) The updating of technology at CucinTech.C)The man's switch to a new career.D) The restructuring of her company.2. A) Talented personnel.B) Strategic innovation.C) Competitive products.D) Effective promotion.3. A) Expand the market.B) Recruit more talents.C) Innovate constantly.D) Watch out for his competitors.4. A) Possible bankruptcy.B) Unforeseen difficulties.C) Conflicts within the company.D) Imitation by one's competitors.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have justheard.5. A) The job of an interpreter.B) The stress felt by professionals.C) The importance of language proficiency.D) The best way to effective communication.6. A) Promising.B) Admirable.C) Rewarding.D) Meaningful.7. A) They all have a strong interest in language.B) They all have professional qualifications.C) They have all passed language proficiency tests.D) They have all studied cross-cultural differences.8. A) It requires a much larger vocabulary.B) It attaches more importance to accuracy.C) It is more stressful than simultaneous interpreting.D) It puts one's long-term memory under more stress..Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you willhear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line throughthe centre.Passage OneQuestions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) It might affect mothers' health.B) It might disturb infants' sleep.C) It might increase the risk of infants, death.D) It might increase mothers' mental distress.10. A) Mothers who breast-feed their babies have a harder time falling asleep.B) Mothers who sleep with their babies need a little more sleep each night.C) Sleeping patterns of mothers greatly affect their newborn babies' health.D) Sleeping with infants in the same room has a negative impact on mothers.11. A) Change their sleep patterns to adapt to their newborn babies'.B) Sleep in the same room but not in the same bed as their babies.C) Sleep in the same house but not in the same room as their babies.D) Take precautions to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome.Passage TwoQuestions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) A lot of native languages have already died out in the US.B) The US ranks first in the number of endangered languages.C) The efforts to preserve Indian languages have proved fruitless.D) More money is needed to record the native languages in the US.13. A) To set up more language schools.B) To document endangered languages.C) To educate native American children.D) To revitalise America's native languages.14. A) The US govemment's policy of Americanising Indian children.B) The failure of American Indian languages to gain an official status.C) The US government's unwillingness to spend money educating Indians.D) The long-time isolation of American Indians from the outside world.15. A) It is being utilised to teach native languages.B) It tells traditional stories during family time.C) It speeds up the extinction of native languages.D) It is widely used in language immersion schools.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by threeor four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Recording OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) It pays them up to half of their previous wages while they look for work.B) It covers their mortgage payments and medical expenses for 99 weeks.C) It pays their living expenses until they find employment again.D) It provides them with the basic necessities of everyday life.17. A) Creating jobs for the huge army of unemployed workers.B) Providing training and guidance for unemployed workers.C) Convincing local lawmakers to extend unemployment benefits.D) Raising funds to help those having no unemployment insurance.18. A) To offer them loans they need to start their own businesses.B) To allow them to postpone their monthly mortgage payments.C) T o create more jobs by encouraging private investments in local companies.D) To encourage big businesses to hire back workers with government subsidies.Recording TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) They measured the depths of sea water.B) They analyzed the water content.C) They explored the ocean floor.D) They investigated the ice.20. A) Eighty percent of the ice disappears in summer time.B) Most of the ice was accumulated over the past centuries.C) The ice ensures the survival of many endangered species.D) The ice decrease is more evident than previously thought.21. A) Arctic ice is a major source of the world's fresh water.B) The melting Arctic ice has drowned many coastal cities.C) The decline of Arctic ice is irreversible.D) Arctic ice is essential to human survival.22. A) It will do a lot of harm to mankind.B) There is no easy way to understand it.C) It will advance nuclear technology.D) There is no easy technological solution to it.Recording ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23. A) The reason why New Zealand children seem to have better self-control.B) The relation between children's self-control and their future success.C) The health problems of children raised by a single parent.D) The deciding factor in children's academic performance.24. A) Children raised by single parents will have a hard time in their thirties.B) Those with a criminal record mostly come from single parent families.C) Parents must learn to exercise self-control in front of their children.D) Lack of self-control in parents is a disadvantage for their children.25. A) Self-control can be improved through education.B) Self-control can improve one's financial situation.C) Self-control problems may be detected early in children.D) Self-control problems will diminish as one grows up.第二套答案1.?A)?The?project?the?man?managed?at?CucinTech.?2.?B)?Strategic?innovation.?3.?C)?Innovate?constantly.?4.?D)?Imitation?by?one's?competitors.?5.?A)?The?job?of?an?interpreter.?6.?B)?Admirable.?7.?B)?They?all?have?professional?qualifications.?8.?C)?It?is?more?stressful?than?simultaneous?interpreting.?Section?B9.?C)?It?might?increase?the?risk?of?infants'?death.?10.?D)?Sleeping?with?infants?in?the?same?room?has?a?ne gative?impact?on?mothers.?11.?B)?Sleep?in?the?same?room?but?not?in?the?same?bed astheirbabies.12.?A)?A?lot?of?native?languages?have?already?died?out?i n?the?US.?13.?D)?T o?revitalise?America's?native?languages.?14.?A)?The?US?government's?policy?of?Americanising?Indi an?children.?15.?C)?It?speeds?up?the?extinction?of?native?languages.Section?C16.?A)?It?pays?them?up?to?half?of?their?previous?wages?w hile?they?look?for?work.?17.?B)?Providing?training?and?guidance?for?unemployed? workers.?18.?C)?T o?create?more?jobs?by?encouraging?private?invest ments?in?local?companies.?19.?D)?They?investigated?the?ice.?20.?D)?The?ice?decrease?is?more?evident?than?previously? thought.?21.C)?The?decline?of?Arctie?ice?is?irreversible.?22.?D)?There?is?no?easy?technological?solution?to?it.?23.?B)?The?relation?between?children's?self-control?and?their?future?success.?24.?B)?Those?with?a?criminal?record?mostly?come?from?si ngle?parent?families.?25.?A)?Self-control?can?be?improved?through?education.?2016年6月大学英语六级考试真题听力原文(第二套)Section AConversation OneW: So, Mike, you managed the innovation project at CucinTech.M: I did, indeed.W: Well, then. First, congratulations! It seems to have been very successful.M: Thanks. Yes. I really helped things turn around at CucinTech.W: Was the revival in their fortunes entirely due to strategic innovationM: Yes, yes. I think it was. CucinTech was a company who were very much following the pack, doing what everyone else was doing, and getting rapidly left behind. I could see there was a lot of talent there, and some great potential, particularly in their product development. I just had to harness that somehow.W: Was innovation at the core of the projectM: Absolutely. If it doesn't sound like too much of a cliche, our world is constantly changing and it"s changing quickly. We need to be innovating constantly to keep up with this. Stand still, and you#re lost.W: No stopping to sniff the rosesM: Well, I$ll do that in my personal life. Sure. But as a business strategy, I%m afraid there is no stopping.W: What exactly is strategic innovation thenM: Strategic innovation is the process of managing innovation of making sure it takes place at all levels of the company and that is related to the company's overall strategy.W: I see.M: So, instead of innovation for innovation's sake and new products being created simply because the technology is there, the company culture must switch from these point-in-time innovations to a continuous pipeline of innovations from everywhere and everyone.W: How did you align strategies throughout the companyM: I soon became aware that campaigning is useless. People take no notice. Simply, it came about through good practice trickling down. This built consent. People could see it was the best way to work.W: Does innovation on this scale really give a competitive advantageM: I'm certain of it. Absolutely, especially if it's difficult for a competitor to a copy. The risk is of course that innovation may frequently lead to imitation.W: But not if it's strategicM: Precisely.W: Thanks for talking to us.M: Sure.Questions 1to4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. What seems to have been very successful according to the woman speaker2. What did the company lack before the man's scheme was implemented3. What does the man say he should do in his business4. What does the man say is the risk of innovationConversation TwoM: Today my guest is Dana Ivanovich, who has worked for the last 20 years as an interpreter.Dana, welcome.W: Thank you.M: Now, I'd like to begin by saying that I have on occasions used an interpreter myself as a foreign correspondent.So I’m full of admiration for what you do. But I think your profession is sometimes underrated and many people think anyone who speaks more than one language can do it.W: There aren"t any interpreters I know who don#t have professional qualifications and training.You only really get profession after many years in the job.M: And am I right in saying you can divide what you do into two distinct methods: simultaneous and consecutive interpreting.W: That$s right. The techniques you use are different. And a lot of interpreters will say one is easier than the other, less stressful.M: Simultaneous interpreting, putting someone's words into another language more or less as they speak, sounds to me like the more difficult.W: Well, actually no. Most people in the business would agree that consecutive interpreting is the more stressful. You have to wait for the speaker to deliver quite a chunk of language before you then put it into the second language which puts your short-term memory under intense stress.M: You make notes, I presumeW: Absolutely. Anything like numbers, names, places have tobe noted down, but the rest is never translated word for word. You have to find a way of summarizing it. So that the message is there, turning every single word into the target language would put too much strain on the interpreter and slow down the whole process too much.M: But with simultaneous interpreting, you start translating almost as soon as the other person starts speaking, you must have some preparation beforehand.W: Well, hopefully, the speakers will let you have an outline of the topic a day or two in advance, you have a little time to do research, prepare technical expressions and so on.Questions 5to8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. What are the speakers mainly talking about6. What does the man think of Dana's profession7. What does Dana say about the interpreters she knows8. What do most interpreters think of consecutive interpretingSection BPassage OneMothers have been warned for years that sleeping with their new-born infant is a bad idea, because it increases the risk that the baby might die unexpectedly during the night. But now Israeli researchers are reporting that even sleeping in the same room can have negative consequences, not for the child, but for the mother. Mothers who slept in the same room as their infants, whether in the same bed or just the same room, had poorer sleep than mothers whose baby slept elsewhere in the house. They woke up more frequently, were awake approximately 20 minutes longer per night, and had shorter periods of uninterrupted sleep.These results held true even taking into account that many of the women in the study were breast-feeding their babies. Infants, on the other hand, didn't appear to have worse sleep whether they slept in the same or different room from their mothers. The researchers acknowledge that since the families they studied were all middle-classIsraelis. It，s possible the results would be different in different cultures. Lead author Lyati Sotski wrote in an email that the research team also didn-t measure fathers' sleep. So it's possible that their sleep patterns could also be causing the sleep disruptions for mums. Right now, to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that mothers not sleep in the same bed as their babies, but sleep in the same room. The Israeli study suggests that doing so may be best for the baby, but may take a toll on mum.Questions 9toll are based on the passage you have just heard.9. What is the long-held view about mothers" sleeping with new-born babies10. What do Israeli researchers' findings show11. What does the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend mothers doPassage TwoThe US has already lost more than a third of the native languages that existed before European colonization and the remaining 192 are classed by UNESCO as ranging between unsafe and extinct. u We need more funding and more effort to return these languages to everyday use," says Fred Nawusky of the National Museum of the American Indian. “We are making progress, but money needs to be spent on revitalizing languages,not just documenting them." Some 40 languages mainly in California and Oklahoma where thousands of Indians were forced to relocate in the 19th century have fewer than 10 native speakers. Part of the issue is that tribal groups themselves don%t always believe their languages are endangered until they are down to the last handful of speakers. u But progress is being made through emerging schools, because if you teach children when they are young, it will stay with them as adults and that&s the future," says Mr. Nawusky, a Comanche Indian. Such schools have become a model in Haw aii, but the islanders’local language is still classed by UNESCO as critically endangered because only 1,000 people speak it. The decline in American Indian languages has its historical roots. In the mid-19th century, the US government adopted a policy of Americanizing Indian children by removing them from their homes and culture. Within a few generations, most had forgotten their native tongues. Another challenge to language survival is television. It has brought English into homes, and pushed out traditional storytelling and family time together, accelerating the extinction of native languages.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. What do we learn from the report13. For what purpose does Fred Nawusky appeal for more funding14. What is the historical cause of the decline in American Indian Languages15. What does the speaker say about televisionSection CRecording oneGreg Rosen lost his job as a sales manager nearly three years ago and is still unemployed. “It literally is like something in a dream to remember what it's like to actually be able to go out and put in a day's work and receive a day's pay."At first Rosen bought groceries and made house payments with the help from unemployment insurance. It pays laid-off workers up to half of their previous wages while they look for work. But now, that insurance has run out for him and he has to make tough choices. He-s cut back on medications and he no longer helps support his disabled mother. It is a devastating experience. New research says the US recession is now over. But many people remain unemployed andunemployed workers face difficult odds. There is literally only one job opening for every five unemployed workers, so four out of five unemployed workers have actually no chance of finding a new job. Businesses have downsized or shutdown across America, leading fewer job opportunities for those in search of work. Experts who monitor unemployment statistics here in Bucks County, Pennsylvania say about 28,000 people are unemployed and many of them are jobless due to no fault of their own. Thafs where the Bucks County Careerlink comes in.Local director Elizabeth Walsh says they provide training and guidance to help unemployed workers find local job opportunities. “So here’s the job opening. Here's the job seeker. Match them together under one roof," she says. But the lack of work opportunities in Bucks County limits how much she can help. Rosen says he hopes Congresswill take action. This month, he launched the Ninety-Niners Union, an umbrella organization of eighteen Internet- based grass roots groups of Ninety-Niners. Their goal is to convince lawmakers to extend unemployed benefits. But Pennsylvania State representative Scott Petri says governments simply do not have enough money to extend unemployment insurance. He thinks the best way to help the long-term unemployed is to allow private citizens to invest in local companies that can create more jobs. But the boost in investor confidence needed for the plan to work will take time. Time that Rosen says still requires him to buy food and make monthly mortgage payments. Rosen says he%ll use the last of his savings to try to hang onto the home he worked for more than twenty years to buy. But once that money is gone, he says he doe sn’t know what he'll do.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. How does unemployment insurance help the unemployed17. What is local director Elizabeth Walsh of the Bucks County Careerlink doing18. What does Pennsylvania state representative Scott Petri say is the best way to help the long-term unemployed Recording TwoEarlier this year, British explorer Pen Huddle and his team tracked for three months across the frozen Arctic Ocean, taking measurements and recording observations about the ice.“Well, we)ve been led to believe that we would encounter a good proportion of this older, thicker, technically multi-year ice that+s been around for a few years and just get thicker and thicker. We actually found there wasn't any multi-year ice at all."Satellite observations and submarine service over the past few years had shown less ice in the polar region. But the recent measurements show the lost is more pronounced than previouslythought.u We are looking at roughly 80 percent loss of ice cover on the Arctic ocean in ten years, roughly ten years and 100 percent loss in nearly twenty years."Cambridge scientist Peter Waddams, who.s been measuring and monitoring the Arctic since 1971, says the decline is irreversible.The more you lose, the more open water is created, the more warming goes on in that open water during the summer, the less ice forms in the winter, the more melt there is the following summer. It becomes a breakdown process where everything ends up accelerating until ifs all gone."Martin Summercorn runs the Arctic program for the environmental charity the World Wildlife Fund. u The Arctic sea ice holds a central position in the earth’s climate system and it’sdeteriorating faster than expected. Actually, it has to translate into more urgency to deal with the climate change problem and reduce emissions."Summercorn says a plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions blamed for global warming needs to come out of the Copenhagen Climate Change Summit in December.“We have t o basically achieve there—the commitment to deal with the problem now. That’s the minimum. We have to do that equitably. And that we have to find a commitment that is quick."Waddams echoes the need for urgency. “The carbon that we’ve put into the atmosphe re keeps having a warming effect for 100 years. So we have to cut back rapidly now. Because it would take a long time to work its way through into our responseby the atmosphere. We can’t switch off global warming just by being good in the future. We have to start being good now."Waddams says there is no easy technological fix to climate change. He and other scientists say there are basically two options to replacing fossil fuels. Generating energy with renewables or embracing nuclear power.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. What did Pen Huddle and his team do in the Arctic Ocean20. What does the report say about the Arctic region21. What does Cambridge scientist Peter Waddams say in his study22. How does Peter Waddams view climate changeRecording ThreeFrom a very early age, some children exhibit better self-control than others. Now, a new study that began with about 1,000 children in New Zealand has tracked how a child"s low self-control can predict poor health, money troubles and even a criminal record in their adult years. Researchers have been studying this group of children for decades now. Some of their earliest observations have to do with the level of self-control the youngsters displayed. Parents, teachers, even the kids themselves, scored the youngsters on measures like ^acting before thinking" and “persistence in reaching goals".The children of the study are now adults in their thirties. Terrie Moffitt of Duke University and her research colleagues found that kids with self-control issues tended to grow up to become adults with a far more troubling set of issues to deal with.“The children who had the lowest self-control when they were age L to 10, later on had the most health problems in theirthirties, and they had the worst financial situation. And they were more likely to have a criminal record and to be raising a child as a single parent on a very low income."Speaking from New Zealand via Skype, Moffitt explained that self-control problems were widely o bserved and weren’t just a feature of a small group of misbehaving kids.“Even the children who had above-average self-control as pre-schoolers could have benefited from more selfcontrol training. They could have improved their financial situation and their physical and mental health situation 30 years later."So, children with minor self-control problems were likely as adults to have minor health problems, and so on. Moffitt said ifs still unclear why some children have better self-control than others, though she says other researchers have found that ifs mostly a learned behavior, with relatively little genetic influence. But good selfcontrol can be set to run in families in that children who have good self-control are more likely to grow up to be healthy and prosperous parents.“Whereas some of the low self-control study members are more likely to be single parentswith a very low income and the parent is in poor health and likely to be a heavy substance abuser. So thafs not a good atmosphere for a child. So it looks as though self-control is something that in one generation can disadvantage the next generation."But the good news is that Moffitt says self-control can be taught by parents, and through school curricula that have proved to be effective. Terry Moffitfs paper “On the Link Between Childhood Self-control and Adults’StatusDecades Later" is published in the Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23. What is the new study about24. What does the study seem to show25. What does Moffitt say is the good news from their study。
2016年6月大学英语六级第2套真题及答案解析
2016年6月大学英语六级考试真题（第二套）Part I Writing(30minutes)For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write a short essay on e-learning.Try to imagine what will happen when more and more people study online instead of attending school.You are required to write at least150words but no more than200words.Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer.from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions1to4are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.A)The project the man managed at CucinTech.B)The updating of technology at CucinTech.C)The man's switch to a new career.D)The restructuring of her company.2.A)Talented personnel.B)Strategic innovation.C)Competitive products.D)Effective promotion.3.A)Expand the market.B)Recruit more talents.C)Innovate constantly.D)Watch out for his competitors.4.A)Possible bankruptcy.B)Unforeseen difficulties.C)Conflicts within the company.D)Imitation by one's competitors.Questions5to8are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A)The job of an interpreter.B)The stress felt by professionals.C)The importance of language proficiency.D)The best way to effective communication.6.A)Promising.B)Admirable.C)Rewarding.D)Meaningful.7.A)They all have a strong interest in language.B)They all have professional qualifications.C)They have all passed language proficiency tests.D)They have all studied cross-cultural differences.8.A)It requires a much larger vocabulary.B)It attaches more importance to accuracy.C)It is more stressful than simultaneous interpreting.D)It puts one's long-term memory under more stress..Section BDirections:In this section,you will hear two passages.At the end of each passage,you willhear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line throughthe centre.Passage OneQuestions9to11are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A)It might affect mothers'health.B)It might disturb infants'sleep.C)It might increase the risk of infants,death.D)It might increase mothers'mental distress.10.A)Mothers who breast-feed their babies have a harder time falling asleep.B)Mothers who sleep with their babies need a little more sleep each night.C)Sleeping patterns of mothers greatly affect their newborn babies'health.D)Sleeping with infants in the same room has a negative impact on mothers.11.A)Change their sleep patterns to adapt to their newborn babies'.B)Sleep in the same room but not in the same bed as their babies.C)Sleep in the same house but not in the same room as their babies.D)Take precautions to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome.Questions12to15are based on the passage you have just heard.12.A)A lot of native languages have already died out in the US.B)The US ranks first in the number of endangered languages.C)The efforts to preserve Indian languages have proved fruitless.D)More money is needed to record the native languages in the US.13.A)To set up more language schools.B)To document endangered languages.C)To educate native American children.D)To revitalise America's native languages.14.A)The US govemment's policy of Americanising Indian children.B)The failure of American Indian languages to gain an official status.C)The US government's unwillingness to spend money educating Indians.D)The long-time isolation of American Indians from the outside world.15.A)It is being utilised to teach native languages.B)It tells traditional stories during family time.C)It speeds up the extinction of native languages.D)It is widely used in language immersion schools.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by threeor four questions.The recordings will be played only once.After you hear a question,you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre. Recording OneQuestions16to18are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A)It pays them up to half of their previous wages while they look for work.B)It covers their mortgage payments and medical expenses for99weeks.C)It pays their living expenses until they find employment again.D)It provides them with the basic necessities of everyday life.17.A)Creating jobs for the huge army of unemployed workers.B)Providing training and guidance for unemployed workers.C)Convincing local lawmakers to extend unemployment benefits.D)Raising funds to help those having no unemployment insurance.18.A)To offer them loans they need to start their own businesses.B)To allow them to postpone their monthly mortgage payments.C)To create more jobs by encouraging private investments in local companies.D)To encourage big businesses to hire back workers with government subsidies.Questions19to22are based on the recording you have just heard.19.A)They measured the depths of sea water.B)They analyzed the water content.C)They explored the ocean floor.D)They investigated the ice.20.A)Eighty percent of the ice disappears in summer time.B)Most of the ice was accumulated over the past centuries.C)The ice ensures the survival of many endangered species.D)The ice decrease is more evident than previously thought.21.A)Arctic ice is a major source of the world's fresh water.B)The melting Arctic ice has drowned many coastal cities.C)The decline of Arctic ice is irreversible.D)Arctic ice is essential to human survival.22.A)It will do a lot of harm to mankind.B)There is no easy way to understand it.C)It will advance nuclear technology.D)There is no easy technological solution to it.Questions23to25are based on the recording you have just heard.23.A)The reason why New Zealand children seem to have better self-control.B)The relation between children's self-control and their future success.C)The health problems of children raised by a single parent.D)The deciding factor in children's academic performance.24.A)Children raised by single parents will have a hard time in their thirties.B)Those with a criminal record mostly come from single parent families.C)Parents must learn to exercise self-control in front of their children.D)Lack of self-control in parents is a disadvantage for their children.25.A)Self-control can be improved through education.B)Self-control can improve one's financial situation.C)Self-control problems may be detected early in children.D)Self-control problems will diminish as one grows up.Directions:Part III Reading comprehension(40minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blankfrom a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the center.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The robotics revolution is set to bring humans face to face with an old fear—man-made creations as smart and capable as we are but without a moral compass.As robots take on ever more complex roles,the question naturally26: Who will be responsible when they do something wrong?Manufacturers?Users?Software writers?The answer depends on the robot.Robots already save us time,money and energy.In the future,they will improve our health care,social welfare and standard of living.The27of computational power and engineering advances will28enable lower-cost in-home care for the disabled,29use of driverless cars that may reduce drunk-and distracted-driving accidents and countless home and service-industry uses for robots,from street cleaning to food preparation.But there are30to be problems.Robot cars will crash.A drone( 遥控飞行器 )operator will31someone’sprivacy.A robotic lawn mower will run over a neighbor’s cat.Juries sympathetic to the32of machines will punish entrepreneurs with company-crushing33and damages.What should governments do to protect people while34 space for innovation?Big,complicated systems on which much public safety depends,like driverless cars,should be built,35and sold by manufacturers who take responsibility for ensuring safety and are liable for ernments should set safety requirements and then let insurers price the risk of the robots based on the manufacturer’s driving record,not the passenger’s.A)arises B)ascends C)bound D)combination E)definite F)eventually G)interfereH)invade I)manifesting J)penalties K)preserving L)programmedM)proximately N)victims O)widespreadSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.Reform and Medical Costs[A]Americans are deeply concerned about the relentless rise in health care costs and health insurance premiums. They need to know if reform will help solve the problem.The answer is that no one has an easy fix for rising medical costs.The fundamental fix—reshaping how care is delivered and how doctors are paid in a wasteful,abnormalsystem—is likely to be achieved only through trial and error and incremental( 渐进的 )gains.[B]The good news is that a bill just approved by the House and a bill approved by the Senate Finance Committee would implement or test many reforms that should help slow the rise in medical costs over the long term.As a report in The New England Journal of Medicine concluded,“Pretty much every proposed innovation found in the health policy Iiterature these days is contained in these measures.”[C]Medical spending,which typically rises faster than wages and the overall economy,is propelled by two things: the high prices charged for medical services in this country and the volume of unnecessary care delivered by doctors and hospitals,which often perform a lot more tests and treatments than a patient really needs.[D]Here are some of the important proposals in the House and Senate bills to try to address those problems,and why it is hard to know how well they will work.[E]Both bills would reduce the rate of growth in annual Medicare payments to hospitals,nursing homes and other providers by amounts comparable to the productivity savings routinely made in other industries with the help of new technologies and new ways to organize work.This proposal could save Medicare more than$100billion over the next decade.If private plans demanded similar productivity savings from providers,and refused to let providers shift additional costs to them,the savings could be much larger.Critics say Congress will give in to lobbyists and letinefficient providers off the hook(放过).That is far less likely to happen if Congress also adopts strong“pay-go”rules requiring that any increase in payments to providers be offset by new taxes or budget cuts.[F]The Senate Finance bill would impose an excise tax( 消费税 )on health insurance plans that cost more than$8,000for an individual or$21,000for a family.It would most likely cause insurers to redesign plans to fall beneath the threshold.Enrollees would have to pay more money for many services out of their own pockets,and that would encourage them to think twice about whether an expensive or redundant test was worth it.Economists project that most employers would shift money from expensive health benefits into wages,The House bill has no similar tax.The final legislation should.[G]Any doctor who has wrestled with multiple forms from different insurers,or patients who have tried to understand their own parade of statements,know that simplification ought to save money.When the health insurance industry was still cooperating in reform efforts,its trade group offered to provide standardized forms for automated processing.It estimated that step would save hundreds of billions of dollars over the next decade.The bills would lock that pledge into law.[H]The stimulus package provided money to convert the inefficient,paper-driven medical system to electronic records that can be easily viewed and transmitted.This requires open investments to help doctors convert.In time it should help restrain costs by eliminating redundant tests,preventing drug interactions,and helping doctors find the best treatments.[I]Virtually all experts agree that the fee-for-service system—doctors are rewarded for the quantity of care rather than its quality or effectiveness—is a primary reason that the cost of care is so high.Most agree that the solution is to push doctors to accept fixed payments to care for a particular illness or for a patient’s needs over a year.No one knows how to make that happen quickly.The bills in both houses would start pilot projects within Medicare.They include such measures as accountable care organizations to take charge of a patient’s needs with an eye on both cost and quality,and chronic disease management to make sure the seriously ill,who are responsible for the bulk of all health care costs,are treated properly.For the most part,these experiments rely on incentive payments to get doctors to try them.[J]Testing innovations do no good unless the good experiments are identified and expanded and the bad ones are dropped.The Senate bill would create an independent commission to monitor the pilot programs and recommend changes in Medicare’s payment policies to urge providers to adopt reforms that work.The changes would have to be approved or rejected as a whole by Congress,making it hard for narrow-interest lobbies to bend lawmakers to their will.[K]The bills in both chambers would create health insurance exchanges on which small businesses and individuals could choose from an array of private plans and possibly a public option.All the plans would have to provide standard benefit packages that would be easy to compare.To get access to millions of new customers,insurers would have a strong incentive to sell on the exchange.And the head-to-head competition might give them a strong incentive to lower their prices,perhaps by accepting slimmer profit margins or demanding better deals from providers.[L]The final legislation might throw a public plan into the competition,but thanks to the fierce opposition of the insurance industry and Republican critics,it might not save much money.The one in the House bill would have to negotiate rates with providers,rather than using Medicare rates,as many reformers wanted.[M]The president’s stimulus package is pumping money into research to compare how well various treatments work.Is surgery,radiation or careful monitoring best for prostate(前列腺)cancer?Is the latest and most expensivecholesterol-lowering drug any better than its common competitors?The pending bills would spend additional money to accelerate this effort.[N]Critics have charged that this sensible idea would lead to rationing of care.(That would be true only if you believed that patients should have an unrestrained right to treatments proven to be inferior.)As a result,the bills do not require,as they should,that the results of these studies be used to set payment rates in Medicare.[O]Congress needs to find the courage to allow Medicare to pay preferentially for treatments proven to be superior. Sometimes the best treatment might be the most expensive.But overall,we suspect that spending would come down through elimination of a lot of unnecessary or even dangerous tests and treatments.[P]The House bill would authorize the secretary of health and human services to negotiate drug prices in Medicare and Medicaid.Some authoritative analysts doubt that the secretary would get better deals than private insurers already get.We believe negotiation could work.It does in other countries.[Q]Missing from these bills is any serious attempt to rein in malpractice costs.Malpractice awards do drive up insurance premiums for doctors in high-risk specialties,and there is some evidence that doctors engage in“defensive medicine”by performing tests and treatments primarily to prove they are not negligent should they get sued.36.With a tax imposed on expensive health insurance plans,most employers will likely transfer money from health expenses into wages.37.Changes in policy would be approved or rejected as a whole so that lobbyists would find it hard to influence lawmakers.38.It is not easy to curb the rising medical costs in America.39.Standardization of forms for automatic processing will save a lot of medical expenses.40.Republicans and the insurance industry are strongly opposed to the creation of a public insurance plan.41.Conversion of paper to electronic medical records will help eliminate redundant tests and prevent drug interactions.42.The high cost of medical services and unnecessary tests and treatments have driven up medical expenses.43.One main factor that has driven up medical expenses is that doctors are compensated for the amount of care rather than its effect.44.Contrary to analysts’doubts,the author believes drug prices may be lowered through negotiation.45.Fair competition might create a strong incentive for insurers to charge less.Section CDirections:There are two passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.Facing water shortages and escalating fertilizer costs,farmers in developing countries are using raw sewage( 下水道污水 )to irrigate and fertilize nearly49million acres of cropland,according to a new report—and it may not bea bad thing.While the practice carries serious health risks for many,those dangers are outweighed by the social and economic gains for poor urban farmers and consumers who need affordable food.“There is a large potential for wastewater agriculture to both help and hurt great numbers of urban consumers,”said Liqa Raschid-Sally,who led the study.The report focused on poor urban areas,where farms in or near cities supply relatively inexpensive food.Most of these operations draw irrigation water from local rivers or lakes.Unlike developed cities,however,these areas lackadvanced water-treatment facilities,and rivers effectively become sewers( 下水道 ).When this water is used for agricultural irrigation,farmers risk absorbing disease-causing becteria,as do consumers who eat the produce raw and unwashed.Nearly2.2million people die a year because of diarrhea-related( 与腹泻相关的)diseases,according to WHO statistics.More than80%of those cases can be attributed to contact with contaminated water and a lack of proper sanitation.But Pay Drechsel,an environmental scientist,argues that thesocial and economic benefits of using untreated human waste to grow food outweigh the health risks.Those dangers can be addressed with farmer and consumer education,he said,while the free water and nutrients from human waste can help urban farmers in developing countries to escape poverty.Agriculture is a water-intensive business,accounting for nearly70%of global fresh water consumption.In poor,dry regions,untreated wastewater is the only viable irrigation source to keep farmers in business.In some cases,water is so scarce that farmers break open sewage pipes transporting waste to local rivers.Irrigation is the primary agricultural use of human waste in the developing world.But frequently untreated human waste harvested from lavatories is delivered to farms and spread as fertilizer.In most cases,the human waste is used on grain crops,which are eventually cooked,minimizing the risk of transmitting water-borne diseases.With fertilizer prices jumping nearly50%per metric ton over the last year in some places,human waste is an attractive,and often necessary,alternative.In cases where sewage mud is used,expensive chemical fertilizer use can be avoided.The mud contains the same critical nutrients.“Overly strict standards often fail,”James Bartram,a WHO water-health expert,said.“We need to accept that fact across much of the planet,so waste with little or no treatment will be used in agriculture for good reason.”46.What does the author say about the use of raw sewage for farming?A)Its risks cannot be overestimated.B)It should be forbidden altogether.C)Its benefits outweigh the hazards involved.D)It is polluting millions of acres of cropland.47.What is the main problem caused by the use of wastewater for irrigation?A)Rivers and lakes nearby will gradually become contaminated.B)It will drive producers of chemical fertilizers out of business.C)Farmers and consumers may be affected by harmful bacteria.D)It will make the farm produce less competitive on the market.48.What is environmental scientist Pay Drechsel’s attitude towards the use of untreated human waste in agriculture?A)Favorable.B)Skeptical.C)Indifferent.D)Responsible.49.What does Pay Dreschsel think of the risks involved in using untreated human waste for farming?A)They have been somewhat exaggerated.B)They can be dealt with through education.C)They will be minimized with new technology.D)They can be addressed by improved sanitation.50.What do we learn about James Bartram’s position on the use of human waste for farming?A)He echoes Pay Drechsel’s opinion on the issue.B)He challenges Liqa Raschid-Sally’s conclusionC)He thinks it the only way out of the current food crisis.D)He deems it indispensable for combating global poverty.Passage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the following passage.These days,nobody needs to cook.Families graze on high-cholesterol take-aways and microwaved ready-meals. Cooking is an occasional hobby and a vehicle for celebrity chefs.Which makes it odd that the kitchen has become the heart of the modern house:what the great hall was to the medieval castle,the kitchen is to the21st-century home. The money spent on kitchens has risen with their status.In America the kitchen market is now worth$170billion,5 times the country’s film industry.In the year to August2007,IKEA,a Swedish furniture chain,sold over one million kitchens worldwide.The average budget for a“major”kitchen overhaul in2006,calculates Remodeling magazine, was a staggering$54,000;even a“minor”improvement cost on average$18,000.Exclusivity,more familiar in the world of high fashion,has reached the kitchen:Robinson&Cornish,a British manufacturer of custom-made kitchens,offers a Georgian-style one which would cost£145,000–155,000—excluding building,plumbing and electrical work.Its big selling point is that nobody else will have it:“You won’t see this kitchen anywhere else in the world.”The elevation of the room that once belonged only to the servants to that of design showcase for the modern family tells the story of a century of social change.Right into the early20th century,kitchens were smoky,noisy places,generally located underground,or to the back of the house,and as far from living space as possible.That was as it should be:kitchens were for servants,and the aspiring middle classes wanted nothing to do with them.But as the working classes prospered and the servant shortage set in,housekeeping became a matter of interest to the educated classes.One of the pioneers of a radical new way of thinking about the kitchen was Catharine Esther Beecher,sister of Harriet Beecher Stowe.In American Woman’s Home,published in1869,the Beecher sisters recommended a scientific approach to household management,designed to enhance the efficiency of a woman’s work and promote order.Many contemporary ideas about kitchen design can be traced back to another American,Christine Frederick, who set about enhancing the efficiency of the housewife.Her1919work,Household Engineering:Scientific Management in the Home,was based on detailed observation of a housewife’s daily routine.She borrowed the principle of efficiency on the factory floor and applied it to domestic tasks on the kitchen floor.Frederick’s central idea,that“stove,sink and kitchen table must be placed in such a relation that useless steps are avoided entirely,”inspired the first fully fitted kitchen,designed in the1920s by Margarete Schütter-Lihotsky.It was a modernist triumph,and many elements remain central features of today’s kitchen.51.What does the author say about the kitchen of today?A)It is where housewives display their cooking skills.B)It is where the family entertains important guests.C)It has become something odd in a modern house.D)It is regarded as the center of a modern home.52.Why does the Georgian-style kitchen sell at a very high price?A)It is believed to have tremendous artistic value.B)No duplicate is to be found in any other place.C)It is manufactured by a famous British company.D)No other manufacturer can produce anything like it.53.What does the change in the status of the kitchen reflect?A)Improved living conditions.B)Women’s elevated status.C)Technological progress.D)Social change.54.What was the Beecher sisters’idea of a kitchen?A)A place where women could work more efficiently.B)A place where high technology could be applied.C)A place of interest to the educated people.D)A place to experiment with new ideas.55.What do we learn about today’s kitchen?A)It represents the rapid technological advance in people’s daily life.B)Many of its central features are no different from those of the1920s.C)It has been transformed beyond recognition.D)Many of its functions have changed greatly.PartⅣTranslation(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.旗袍（qipao）是一种雅致的中国服装，源于中国的满族（Manchu Nationality）。
2016年6月大学英语六级考试真题听力原文及参考答案(第2套)
2016年6月大学英语六级考试真题（第2套）参考答案Part I WritingE-learning is getting more and more popular with each passing day. For example, some college students use E-learning to supplement their school curriculum; more and more corporations offer online training for their employees.Undoubtedly, e-learning has its distinctive advantages over any other type of learning. First and foremost, it is convenient and flexible since it allows users to learn at a time and place of the users’ choosing as long as they own a computer and have an Internet connection. Another major benefit of e-learning is the accessibility it provides. For instance, students can take online courses given by prestigious professors at home and abroad. In addition, e-learning is cost effective. This is especially true for corporate training, because travel and accommodation expenses for trainers and employees can be cut. However, e-learning is far from for trainers and employees can be cut. However, e-learning is far from “one size fits all”. It doesn’t fit people who lack self-discipline and have difficulty in time management. Besides, people who value face-to-face interaction with their teachers and classmates may also find online learning unsatisfactory.From my point of view, although e-learning has changed both education and corporate training, it will not replace the traditional in-class learning, but function as a complementary type of learning.Part IV TranslationShenzhen is a newly-developed city in Guangdong Province of China. It was only a fishing village of more than 30,000 people before the Reform and Opening up. In the 1980s, Chinese governmentestablished Shenzhen Special Economic Zone as the experimental plot to implement market-oriented economy with socialist features. Now, Shenzhen, with a population of over 10 million, has witnessed dramatic changes.By 2014, the per-capital GDP of Shenzhen has reached 26 thousand dollars, the level of some developed countries in the world. In terms of the overall economic power, Shenzhen is listed among the top cities in China as well. Due to its unique status, the city is also an ideal place for the entrepreneurs at home and abroad to start their businesses.Part ⅡListening Comprehension听力原文Section AQuestions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.W: So, Mike, you manage the innovation project at CucinTech.M: I did indeed.W: Well then, first, congratulations. It seems to have been very successful.M: Thanks. Yes, I really help things turn around at CucinTech.W: Was the revival in their fortunes entirely due to strategic innovation?M: Yes, yes, I think it was. CucinTech was a company who were very much following the pack, doing what everyone else was doing and getting rapidly left behind. I could see there was a lot of talent there, and some great potential, particularly in their product development. I just had to harness that somehow.W: Was innovation at the core of the project?M: Absolutely. If it doesn’t sound like too much of a cliché, our world is constantly changing and it’s changing quickly. We need to be innovating constantly to keep up with this. Stand still and you are lost.W: No stopping to sniff the roses?M: Well, I’ll do that in my personal life. Sure. But as a business strategy, I’m afraid there is no stopping.W: What exactly is strategic innovation then?M: Strategic innovation is the process of managing innovation, of making sure it takes place at all levels of the company, and that is related to the company’s overall strategy.W: I see.M: So, instead of innovation for innovation’s sake and new products being created simply because the technology is there, the company culture must switch from these pointing-time innovations to continuous pipeline of innovations from everywhere and everyone.W: How did you align strategies throughout the company?M: I soon became aware that campaigning is useless. People take no notice. Simply, it came about through good practice trickling down. This built consent. People could see it was the best way to work.W: Does innovation on the skill really give a competitive advantage?M: I am certain of it, absolutely, especially if it’s difficult for a competitor to copy. The risk is of course that innovation may frequently lead to imitation.W: But not if it’s strategic?M: Precisely.W: Thanks for talking to us.M: Sure.1. What seems to have been very successful according to the woman speaker?2. What did the company lack before the man’s scheme was implemented?3. What does the man say he should do in his business?4. What does the man say is the risk of innovation?Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.M: Today, my guest is Dayna Ivanovich who has worked for the last twenty years as an interpreter. Dayna, welcome.W: Thank you.M: Now, I’d like to begin by saying that I have on occasions used an interpreter myself as a foreign correspondent. So I am full of admiration for what you do, but I think your profession is sometimes underrated, and many people think anyone who speaks more than one language can do it.W: There aren’t any interpreters I know who don’t have professional qualifications and training. You only really get proficient after many years in the job.M: And I’m right in saying you can divide what you do into two distinct methods —simultaneous and consecutive interpreting.W: That’s right. The techniques you use are different, and a lot of interpreters will say one is easier than the other, less stressful.M: Simultaneous interpreting, putting someone’s words into another language more or less as they speak, sounds to me like the more difficult.W: Well, actually no. Most people in the business would agree that consecutive interpreting is the more stressful. You have to wait for the speaker to deliver quite a chunk of language before you then put it into the second language, which puts your short-term memory under intense stress. M: You make notes, I presume.W: Absolutely, anything like numbers, names, places have to be noted down. But the rest is never translated word for word. You have to find a way of summarizing it, so that the message is there. Turning every single word into the target language would put too much strain on the interpreter and slow down the whole process too much.M: But, with simultaneous interpreting, you start translating almost as soon as the other person starts speaking. You must have some preparation beforehand.W: Well, hopefully, the speakers will let you have an outline of the topic a day or two in advance.You have a little time to do research, prepare technical expressions and so on.5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?6. What does the man think of Dayna’s profession?7. What does Dayna say about the interpreters she knows?8. What do most interpreters think of consecutive interpreting?Section BQuestions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.Mothers have been warned for years that sleeping with their newborn infant is a bad idea, because it increases the risk that the baby might die unexpectedly during the night. But now Israeli researchers are reporting that even sleeping in the same room can have negative consequences: not for the child, but for the mother. Mothers who slept in the same room as their infants, whether in the same bed or just the same room, had poorer sleep than mothers whose babies slept elsewhere in the house: They woke up more frequently, were awake approximately 20 minutes longer per night, and had shorter periods of uninterrupted sleep. These results held true even taking into account that many of the women in the study were breast-feeding their babies. Infants, on the other hand, didn’t appear to have worse sleep whether they slept in the same or different room from their mothers. The researchers acknowledge that since the families they studied were all middle-class Israelis, it’s possible the results would be different in different cultures. Lead author, Liat Tikotzky, wrote in an email that the research team also didn’t measure fathers’ sleep, so it’s possible that their sleep patterns could also be causing the sleep disruptions for moms. Right now, to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that mothers not sleep in the same bed as their babies but sleep in the same room. The Israeli study suggests that doing so maybe best for the baby, but may take a toll on mom.9. What is the long-held view about mother sleeping with newborn babies?10. What do Israeli researchers’ findings show?11. What does the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend mothers do?Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.The US has already lost more than a third of the native languages that existed before European colonization, and the remaining 192 are classed by UNESCO as ranging between “unsafe” and “extinct”. “We need more funding and more effort to return these languages to everyday use,” says Fred Nahwoosky of the National Museum of the American Indian. “We are making progress but money needs to be spent on revitalising languages, not just documenting them.” Some 40 languages, mainly in California and Oklahoma where thousands of Indians were forced to relocate in the 19th century, have fewer than 10 native speakers. “Part of the issue is that tribal groups themselves don’t always believe their languages are endangered until they’re down to the last handful of speakers. But progress is being made through immersion schools, because ifyou teach children when they’re young it will stay with them as adults and that’s the future,” says Mr. Nahwoosky, a Comanche Indian. Such schools have become a model in Hawaii. But the islanders’ local language is still classed by UNESCO as “critically endangered” because only 1,000 people speak it. The decline in American Indian languages has historical roots: In the mid-19th century, the US government adopted a policy of Americanising Indian children by removing them from their homes and culture. Within a few generations most had forgotten their native tongues. Another challenge to language survival is television. It has brought English into homes and pushed out traditional story-telling and family time together, accelerating the extinction of native languages.12. What do we learn from the report?13. For what purpose does Fred Nahwoosky appeal for more funding?14. What is the historical cause of the decline in American Indian languages?15. What does the speaker say about television?Section CQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.Gregg Rosen lost his job as a sales manager nearly three years ago and is still unemployed.“It literally is like something in a dream, to remember what it’s like to actually be able to go out, and put in a day’s work and receive a day’s pay.”At first, Rosen bought groceries and made house payments with the help from unemployment insurance. It pays laid off workers up to half of their previous wages while they look for work. But now, that insurance has run out for him, and he has to make tough choices. He’s cut back on medications and he no longer helps support his disabled mother.It is a devastating experience.New research says the US recession is now over, but many people remain unemployed. And unemployed workers face difficult odds.There is literally only one job opening for every five unemployed workers, so four out of five unemployed workers have actually no chance of finding a new job.Businesses have downsized or shut down across America, leaving fewer job opportunities for those in search of work. Experts who monitor unemployment statistics here in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, say about 28,000 people are unemployed, and many of them are jobless due to no fault of their own.That’s where the Bucks County’s CareerLink comes in. Local director Elizabeth Walsh says they provide training and guidance to help unemployed workers find local job opportunities.“So here’s the job opening, here’s the job seeker, match them together under one roof,” she says.But the lack of work opportunities in Bucks County limits how much she can help.Rosen says he hopes Congress will take action.This month he launched the 99ers Union, an umbrella organization of 18 Internet-based grass roots groups of 99ers. Their goal is to convince lawmakers to extend unemployment benefits.But Pennsylvania State Representative Scott Petri says governments simply do not have enough money to extend unemployment insurance. He thinks the best way to help the long-term unemployed is to allow private citizens to invest in local companies that can create more jobs. But the boost in investor confidence needed for the plan to work will take time —time that Rosen says still requires him to buy food and make monthly mortgage payments.Rosen says he’ll use the last of his savings to try to hang onto the homehe worked for more than 20 years to buy. But once that money is gone, he says he doesn’t know what he’ll do.16. How does unemployment insurance help the unemployed?17. What is local director Elizabeth Walsh of the Bucks County CareerLink doing?18. What does Pennsylvania State Representative Scott Petri say is the best way to help the long-term unemployed?Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.Earlier this year, British explorer Pen Hadow and his team trekked for three months across the frozen Arctic Ocean, taking measurements and recording observations about the ice.“Well, we’d been led to believe that we would encounter a good proportion of this older, thicker, technically multi-year ice that’s been around for a few years and just gets thicker and thicker. We actually found there wasn’t any multi-year ice at all.”Satellite observations and submarine surveys over the past few years had shown less ice in the polar region, but the recent measurements show the loss is more pronounced than previously thought.“We’re looking at roughly 80 percent loss of ice cover on the Arctic Ocean in 10 years, roughly 10 years, and 100 percent loss in nearly 20 years.”Cambridge scientist Peter Wadhams, who’s been measuring and monitoring the Arctic since 1971 says the decline is irreversible.“The more you lose, the more open water is created, the more warming goes on in that open water during the summer, the less ice forms in the winter, the more melt there is the following summer. It becomes a breakdown process where everything ends up accelerating until it’s all gone.”Martin Sommerkorn runs the Arctic program for the environmental charity—the World Wildlife Fund.“The Arctic sea ice holds a central position in the Earth’s climate system and it’s deteriorating faster than expected. Actually, it has to translate into more urgency to deal with the climate change problem and reduce emissions.”Summerkorn says a plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions blamed for global warming needs to come out of the Copenhagen climate change summit in December.“We have to basically achieve there, the commitment to deal with the problem now. That’sthe minimum. We have to do that equitably and we have to find a commitment that is quick.”Wadhams echoes the need for urgency.“The carbon that we’ve put into the atmosphere keeps having a warming effect for 100 years, so we have to cut back rapidly now, because it will take a long time to work its way through into a response by the atmosphere. We can’t switch off global warming just by being good in the future. We have to start being good now.”Wadhams says there is no easy technological fix to climate change. He and other scientists say there are basically two options to replacing fossil fuels, generating energy with renewables, or embracing nuclear power.19. What did Pen Hadow and his team do in the Arctic Ocean?20. What does the report say about the Arctic region?21. What does Cambridge scientist Peter Wadhams say in his study?22. How does Peter Wadhams view climate change?Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.From a very early age, some children exhibit better self-control than others. Now, a new study that began with about 1,000 children in New Zealand has tracked how a child’s low self-control can predict poor health, money troubles and even a criminal record in their adult years. Researchers have been studying this group of children for decades now. Some of their earliest observations have to do with the level of self-control the youngsters displayed. Parents, teachers, even the kids themselves, scored the youngsters on measures like “acting before thinking” and “persistence in reaching goals”. The children of the study are now adults in their thirties. Terry Moffitt of Duke University and her research colleagues found that kids with self-control issues tended to grow up to become adults with far more troubling set of issues to deal with.“The children who had the lowest self-control when they were aged three to ten, later on had the most health problems in their thirties and they had the worst financial situation and they were more likely to have a criminal record, and to be raising a child as a single parent on a very low income.”Speaking from New Zealand via Skype, Moffitt explained that self-control problems were widely observed, and weren’t just a feature of a small group of misbehaving kids.“Even the children who had above-average self-control as preschoolers could have benefited from more self-control training. They could have improved their financial situation and their physical and mental health situation thirty years later.”So, children with minor self-control problems were likely as adults to have minor health problems, and so on. Moffitt said it’s still unclear why some children have better self-control than others, though she says other researchers have found that it’s mostly a learned behavior, with relatively little genetic influence. But good self-control can be set to run in families in that children who have good self-control are more likely to grow up to be healthy and prosperous parents.“Whereas some of the low self-control study members are more likely to be single parents with a very low income and the parent is in poor health and likely to be a heavy substance abuser. So that’s not a good atmosphere for a child. So it looks as though self-control is something that in one generation can disadvantage the next generation.”But the good news is that Moffitt says self-control can be taught by parents, and through school curricula that have proved to be effective.Terry Moffitt’s paper on “The Link Between Childhood Self-control and Adults’ Status Decades Later” is published in the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.23. What is the new study about?24. What does the study seem to show?25. What does Moffitt say is the good news from their study?This is the end of listening comprehension。
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2016年6月六级真题二Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer. from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) The project the man managed at CucinTech.B) The updating of technology at CucinTech.C)The man's switch to a new career.D) The restructuring of her company.2. A) Talented personnel.B) Strategic innovation.C) Competitive products.D) Effective promotion.3. A) Expand the market.B) Recruit more talents.C) Innovate constantly.D) Watch out for his competitors.4. A) Possible bankruptcy.B) Unforeseen difficulties.C) Conflicts within the company.D) Imitation by one's competitors.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) The job of an interpreter.B) The stress felt by professionals.C) The importance of language proficiency.D) The best way to effective communication.6. A) Promising.B) Admirable.C) Rewarding.D) Meaningful.7. A) They all have a strong interest in language.B) They all have professional qualifications.C) They have all passed language proficiency tests.D) They have all studied cross-cultural differences.8. A) It requires a much larger vocabulary.B) It attaches more importance to accuracy.C) It is more stressful than simultaneous interpreting.D) It puts one's long-term memory under more stress.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, youwill hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Passage OneQuestions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) It might affect mothers' health.B) It might disturb infants' sleep.C) It might increase the risk of infants, death.D) It might increase mothers' mental distress.10. A) Mothers who breast-feed their babies have a harder time falling asleep.B) Mothers who sleep with their babies need a little more sleep each night.C) Sleeping patterns of mothers greatly affect their newborn babies' health.D) Sleeping with infants in the same room has a negative impact on mothers.11. A) Change their sleep patterns to adapt to their newborn babies'.B) Sleep in the same room but not in the same bed as their babies.C) Sleep in the same house but not in the same room as their babies.D) Take precautions to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome.Passage TwoQuestions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) A lot of native languages have already died out in the US.B) The US ranks first in the number of endangered languages.C) The efforts to preserve Indian languages have proved fruitless.D) More money is needed to record the native languages in the US.13. A) To set up more language schools.B) To document endangered languages.C) To educate native American children.D) To revitalise America's native languages.14. A) The US govemment's policy of Americanising Indian children.B) The failure of American Indian languages to gain an official status.C) The US government's unwillingness to spend money educating Indians.D) The long-time isolation of American Indians from the outside world.15. A) It is being utilised to teach native languages.B) It tells traditional stories during family time.C) It speeds up the extinction of native languages.D) It is widely used in language immersion schools.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Recording OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) It pays them up to half of their previous wages while they look for work.B) It covers their mortgage payments and medical expenses for 99 weeks.C) It pays their living expenses until they find employment again.D) It provides them with the basic necessities of everyday life.17. A) Creating jobs for the huge army of unemployed workers.B) Providing training and guidance for unemployed workers.C) Convincing local lawmakers to extend unemployment benefits.D) Raising funds to help those having no unemployment insurance.18. A) To offer them loans they need to start their own businesses.B) To allow them to postpone their monthly mortgage payments.C) To create more jobs by encouraging private investments in local companies.D) To encourage big businesses to hire back workers with government subsidies. Recording TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) They measured the depths of sea water.B) They analyzed the water content.C) They explored the ocean floor.D) They investigated the ice.20. A) Eighty percent of the ice disappears in summer time.B) Most of the ice was accumulated over the past centuries.C) The ice ensures the survival of many endangered species.D) The ice decrease is more evident than previously thought.21. A) Arctic ice is a major source of the world's fresh water.B) The melting Arctic ice has drowned many coastal cities.C) The decline of Arctic ice is irreversible.D) Arctic ice is essential to human survival.22. A) It will do a lot of harm to mankind.B) There is no easy way to understand it.C) It will advance nuclear technology.D) There is no easy technological solution to it.Recording ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23. A) The reason why New Zealand children seem to have better self-control.B) The relation between children's self-control and their future success.C) The health problems of children raised by a single parent.D) The deciding factor in children's academic performance.24. A) Children raised by single parents will have a hard time in their thirties.B) Those with a criminal record mostly come from single parent families.C) Parents must learn to exercise self-control in front of their children.D) Lack of self-control in parents is a disadvantage for their children.25. A) Self-control can be improved through education.B) Self-control can improve one's financial situation.C) Self-control problems may be detected early in children.D) Self-control problems will diminish as one grows up.Section AConversation One1 What seems to have been very successful according to the woman speaker?[A] 【解析】对话开头，女士就说迈克在CucinTech 负责了一个创新项目，并接着说到项目似乎非常成功。